IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporaition 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14SS0 

(716)  S73-4503 


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^^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


^ 


'^ 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


©1984 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibiiographiquat 


Th«»  Instituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  Isa  bibliographically  unlqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raprod-jction.  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


D 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coiourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I      I    Covar»  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommag6a 


Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastaurte  at/ou  palliculAa 


I      I   Covar  titia  missing/ 


La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I      I    Coiourad  maps/ 


Cartas  gtographiquas  an  coulaur 


Coiourad  ink  (i.e.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  biaua  ou  noira) 


I      I    Coiourad  platas  and/or  illustrations/ 


Pianchas  at/ou  illustrations  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  othar  material/ 
Reli6  avac  d'autras  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  sarr^e  paut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutias 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissant  dans  la  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  M  filmAes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentasras; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  meilleur  exemplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  Stt  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
da  cat  exemplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atra  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  darts  la  mithoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


r~~|   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pcges  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurias  at/ou  pellicuiAe& 


\y 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 


I      I    Pages  detached/ 


Pages  ditach^es 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualiti  in6gaie  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  matarii 
Comprend  du  material  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


r~^  Showthrough/ 

I     1  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I     I  Only  edition  available/ 


1 

s 
1 

V 

d 
e 
b 
ri 
r( 
n 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refiimed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  payes  totaiement  ou  partialiement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiiiet  d'errata.  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  fiim6es  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Cc  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

Th«  copy  filmed  her*  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Entomology  RttMrch  Library 
Agricuitura  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grice  A  la 
gAnArositA  de: 

Bibiioth^a  da  rachareha  antomologiqua 
Agricuitura  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  originel  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacit  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — •»  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

(Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet«  de  l'exemplaire  film«.  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim«e  sont  fiimAs  in  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  it  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmfo  en  commengant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — a^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  Y  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmds  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichd,  11  est  film*  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  ie  nombre 
d'imeges  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iiiustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


REPORT 


OF  THE 


UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


OF 


THE   TERRITORIES. 


UNITED   STATKS  GBOLOG  I  ST.IN-C  U  ARGB. 


VOLUME  XIII. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING   OFFICE. 

1890. 

J.   InTom6Lcg!CaL  t^RANcW     • 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AlGRIGULTURK 
OTTAWA   -      -    e-MHAQA 


1 1 


UNITKI)  STATES  OEOLOOIOAL  SURVEY  OP  THE  TERRITORIES. 


rn 


THE 


TERTIARY   INSECTS 


OF 


NORTH  AMERICA, 


By 


SAMUEL    H.   SCUDDER. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING   OFFICE. 
1890. 

ENTOMOLCGICAL  BRANCH 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
OTTAWA    -       -    CANADA 


7-f6 


NOTE. 


Department  op  the  Interior, 

United  Statk.s  Geological  Sttrvby. 

Wanhhinton,  D.  C,  May  16,  1890. 
On  the  27th  of  September,  1882,  at  the  request  of  Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden, 
the  completion  of  the  publiciitionH  of  the  United  States  Geological  and 
Geographical  Survey  of  the  Territories,  formerly  under  his  charge,  was 
committed  to  the  charge  of  the  Director  of  the  Geological  Survey  by  the 
following  order  from  the  lionorable  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior : 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

Washington,  September  27,  1882. 
Maj.  .1.  W.  Powell, 

Director  U  S.  Geological  Survey : 
Sir:  The  letter  of  Prof  F.  V.  Hayden,  dated  June  27,  bearing  your 
indorsement  of  July  20,  relating  to  the  ui;publi8hed  reports  of  the  survey 
formerly  under  his  charf^e,  is  herewith  returned. 

You  will  ])\ease  take  charge  of  the  publications  referred  to  in  the  same, 
in  accordance  with  the  suggestions  nuide  by  Professor  Hayden. 

It  is  the  desire  of  this  office  that  these  volumes  shall  be  completed  and 
published  as  early  as  practicable. 
Very  re8i)ectfully, 

H.  M.  Teller, 

Secretary. 

Of  the  publications  thus  placed  in  charge  of  the  Director  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey  the  accompanying  volume  is  the  third  to  be 
issued,  the  preceding  being  "  The  Vertebrata  of  the  Tertiary  Formations 
of  the  West,"  by  Edward  D.  Cope,  and  "Contributions  to  the  Fossil  Flora 
of  the  Western  Territories,"  by  Leo  Lesquereux. 

J.  W.  Powell, 
*  Director. 


mmmm 


CONTENTS. 


Letter  of  trniMmlttal ? ■ 

liitrcNiiiotloii 

I.oi-nlltivii  wlinro  Terllitry  liiHuctH  linvebueii  loiiiiil  in  Aiiiorion. 

Myrinpoila 

AriiobnidoH 

Aciiriiin 

ArnnxlileH 

Nenroptorn. 


II 

;..  13 

17 

43 

, 46 

W 

48 

l»l 

M 

103 

117 

E|iliunifrii1ii< 118 

Oiloimtii ia4 

Plniiipuiiiiiik 146 

Triohoptorii 176 

Ortlioptorn 801 

KiirfloiilariiD 803 

HIattnrlir 2ir. 

PhaHmidii S19 

Aorldil  880 


Th.VNiiniiru . 
Teriiiitiua.. 
rNnuinn  . . . . 


LociiHtariiit 387 

Gryllides 334 

Honilptern 838 

Coooldii) 841 

AphidoH 348 

I'HyllidiB 375 

Fiilgoriiia 878 

JaHsidoii :i03 

Ceroopidu^ 315 

Corixidm ;M3 

Notonectidat 346 

(inlgulldm 347 

Voliluin 348 

Hydrnbatidiii 350 

Kediiviidm 354 

Tingididio 357 

Acantbiidii) 360 

361 


Citpsidiu , 

PbyHnpodeH 371 

LygaeidiB 374 

Coroidiu 411 

Poutatomidtu 435 


8 

Coleuptera 

AuthribidiD 

Soolytido) 

Curoulionldiu  ... 

OtiorbyuchidiD  . 

RhynchitidiD 

Rbipiphoridw... 

TenebrionidiB  . . . 

BrucIiidiD 

ChrysoinelidiB . . . 

Scarabmidie  

Ptiuidui 

Bnprestidio 

ElateridiK 

ByrrbidtB 

Nitidolidie 

Cryptopbagidiv  , 

Citenjidte 

ErotylidiK 

Stapbyliuidiu  ... 

Hydropbilidie... 

Dytittcidii- 

CarabidiD 

Diptora 


CONTENTS. 


Lnnchi«id:i> 

Ortalidtc 

Scioiuyzidif .. 

HelorayzidiK 

Antbomyidio 

Miiscidiu 

Tacbinidiv 

I'latypezidie  

CoDopidiu 

SyrphidiP 

noliehopodidiB 

Cyrtidii" 

Asilidiit 

Stratiomyidie 

Trpiilidii' 

ChironnniidiB 

Culicid:<' 

BibionidiH 

Mycotopbilidu) 

Cucidouiy  idiB 

LepidopUira 

Tini^idiB 

Hympiioptcra 

Teiitbr«dinidu^ 

ChalcididiK 

Bracoiiidiu 

Icbiioiimouidii- 

Mymiicidii* 

Formicidii- 

8pbr|;id{i- 

SyHttiniatic  lUt  of  xpflcJeM  with  their  diHtribiitioii,  mid  cmnpuriHon  witli  othnr  spucius,  liviuj;  and 

fowil 

Phitcs 

Index 


Pnge. 
465 
4(ir> 
468 
471 
475 
481 
482 
483 
484 
4H5 
487 
4»1 
493 
406 
499 
499 
501 
fiOl 
r>02 
503 
510 
517 
517 
539 
539 
540 

,  547 
548 
551 
554 
555 

557 

562 
563 
563 
566 
568 
578 
582 
583 
586 
(WO 
<i02 
602 
604 
(M4 
t>04 
605 
ti08 
615 
616 
6«) 

&>l 

06r> 
72:1 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Map  of  Tertiary  lake  basin  at  Florissant,  Colorado ^^  *.   ^***" 

Plate  I.  Insects  from  bone  caves  mid  intorglacial  clays -V."  .'"."".'."".'."."." °  '*^'*j^fj 

II,  III.  Insects  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  British  Columbia  !..!..."!." 669-672 

IV.  Insects  from  miscellaneous  Tertiary  deposits,  includiug  one  species  from  the  Lar- 
amie formation 

V-X.  InsectsfromtheTertiarydepositsof  Green  River,  Wyoming!!'..! 675-686 

XI.  Araclmida  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant,  Colorado ^j 

XII-XV.  Neuroptera  fi-om  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant 6'»-696 

XVI,  XVir.  Orthoptern  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant 697  700 

XVni-XXVIII.  Hemiptera  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant 701  799 

Figs.  1-3.  Planocephalas  aselloidea fz 

'"" •.•......,... s>5 

» 


»aii.i»..    L^'iM^A ;.»ft.J^.L 


ERRATA 


If! 


Pago  l."i,  eleventh  line  from  bottom, /or  specimen  read  indiviilnal. 

Page  SJH,  line  eighteen,  for  itpecimeuH  rcorf  NpecieH. 

Page  71,  nuder  Aranea  coIiimbiHt,  for  PI.  11  read  PI.  'i. 

Page  aoa.  The  two  itarngrupbs  ininifiliatt-ly  preceding  Korticulariii'  belong  on  i)age  WU,  inin.i-diately 
preceding  Labidnromma. 

Page  203,  line  three,  for  <'rickct  read  crickets. 

Page  203,  before  Labidnroniuia,  inHcrt  the  two  paragraph.s  on  page  202,  ininiedialely  preceding  Forfi- 
ciilariie. 

Page  225,  line  one, /or  interHpaces  read  interupace;  line  two,  iiiterl  that  before  above. 

Page  244,  in  table,  /or  3.  Oeranchuni  read  3.  Gerancon;  for  13.  Amalanchum   read  13    Anialancon; 
for  15.  Ancouotiis  read  15.  Auconatut. 

Page  245,  under  C.  ubseuH.  the  third  line  ihoald  read:  Fore  wing  nearly  three  times  im  King  aa  broad. 
First  'jblique  vein  nearly  ntraight,  etc. 

Pago  248,  in  three  headings,  /or Ocranchon  read  Geiaucon. 

Page  241),  in  heading, /or  Oeraiicbon  read  Oeraocon. 

P»g9  2.'i6,  line  twenty,  before  parts  insert  except  at  base. 

Page  31(),  lines  5  and  6,  for  possibly  luminiferous  read  highly  decorated. 

Page  343,  line  4,  for  in  the  to-day  read  to-day  in  the. 

Page  3t)2,  line  20,  for  referred  read  referable. 

Page  446,  line  15,  and  in  several  places  on  succeudiu;;  pages,  for  puuctiu  read  puncta. 

Page  610,  lines  13  and  14,  for  abdomen  read  thorax. 
10 


ii 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 

Division  of   Fossil  Insects, 
Cambridge,  March  14,  1890. 

Sik:  It  is  a  source  of  groat  regret  to  me  tlhat  the  volume  herewith  trans- 
mitted could  not  have  beeti  published  during  Dr.  Hayden's  life.  It  con- 
tains the  first  fruits  of  an  undertaking  inspired  by  him  and  encouraged  by 
his  aid.  The  extent  of  the  task  he  intrusted  to  me  more  than  a  dozen  years 
ago  has  been,  with  the  interference  of  other  duties,  the  occasion  of  the 
delay  in  its  execution.  The  material  has  grown  beyond  all  expectation,  far 
beyond  anything  that  could  have  been  anticipated. 

As  originally  planned,  when  the  Florissant  beds  were  first  carefully 
exploited,  the  fossil  insects  other  than  those  from  Florissant  were  first  to  be 
disposed  of,  and  the  latter  were  then  to  be  taken  up  by  orders.  The  plates 
were  accordingly  executed  (before  the  completion  of  the  text)  with  that 
plan  in  view,  and  the  first  ten  plates  herewith  transmitted  contain  very 
nearly  all  the  extra-Florissant  insects  known  ten  years  ago.  Since  then 
their  number  has  perhaps  doubled.  The  succeeding  plates  contain  the  lower 
orders  of  Florissant  arthropods,  ending  with  the  Hemiptera. 

The  text  has  been  made  to  conform  in  large  measure  to  the  same  plan, 

except  that  the  insects  of  different  localities  and  of  different  horizons  have 

been  arranged  in  one  systematic  series.     Descriptions  of  a  considerable 

number  of  species  have  been  introduced  for  completeness'  sake  which  are 

not  figured,  but  of  every  one  of  these  drawings  have  been  finished  and  will 

be  given  in  some  future  publication.    The  early  portion  of  the  text  was 

written  many  years  ago — the  Arachnida  and  Termitina  in  1881,  most  of 

the  Odonata  in  1882,  the  Ephemeridae  and  Planipennia  in  1883,  and  the 

Trichoptera  and  Orthoptera  in  1884;  and,  as  the  general  remarks  prefixed 

to  each  group  were  written  on  the  completion  of  the  study  of  that  group, 

and  would  now  have  to  be  modified  in  some  slight  particulars,  I  have 

tiiought  best  to  let  these  remarks  remain  as  written,  and  to  append  at  the 

11  ■ 


12 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


end  of  each  general  paragraph  the  date  of  writing.  To  rewrite  the  whole 
would  unnecessarily  delay  the  appearance  of  the  work,  and  the  dates  will 
explain  otlierwise  unaccountable,  though  generally  very  slight,  omissions  of 
later  material. 

The  new  portions  of  the  Coleoptera,  Diptera,  and  Hymenoptera  were 
mostly  written  a  year  ago,  and  during  the  past  year  the  Hemiptera,  much 
the  most  extensive  group  in  the  volume,  have  been  elaborated.  In  the  four 
later  orders  the  general  remarks  and  summaries  attached  to  the  genera, 
families,  etc.,  of  the  earlier  groups  are  omitted,  because  these  orders  will 
form  the  subject  of  future  separate  consideration,  and  the  basis  for  generaliza- 
tion will  then  be  greatly  increased;  the  representation  of  these  orders  in  the 
present  volume  is  very  meager,  including  next  to  no  species  froju  Florissant. 

The  publication  of  this  volume  will  give  the  first  opportunity  for  any 
good  comparisons  between  the  long  known  Tertiary  insects  of  Europe  and 
those  of  any  other  country;  .so  far  as  the  lower  orders  of  insects  are  con- 
cerned— the  only  ones  here  at  all  fully  elaborated — tiiey  show  that  the  ma- 
terial already  gathered  within  the  last  two  decades  in  America  is  at  least  as 
rich  as  that  of  the  well  gleaned  fields  of  Ktirope.  The  present  volume  con- 
tains descriptions  of  1  species  of  Mjriapoda,  34  of  Arachnida,  6G  of  Neu- 
roptera,  30  of  Orthoptera,  2(56  of  Hemiptera,  112  of  Coleoptera,  79  of  Dip- 
tera, 1  of  Lepidoptera,  and  23  of  Hymenoptera,  in  all  612  species.  For 
the  lower  orders,  that  is,  those  here  fully  treated,  these  numbers  are  already 
slightly  in  excess  of  those  obtained  from  the  European  Tertiaries,  if  ilie  rich 
amber  fauna  of  the  Baltic  is  excluded;  for  the  corresponding  numbers  for 
the  European  species  from  the  rocks  would  be  approximately  as  follows : 
Myriapoda,  1 ;  Arachnida,  24  (recently,  however,  nearly  doubled);  Neu- 
roptera,  Ptd;  Orthoptera,  36;  and  Hemiptera,  218;  a  total  of  338  species 
against  31(7  for  the  American  rocks.  There  is  no  doubt  that  this  excess 
would  be  found  even  greater  in  the  higher  orders  by  the  material  already 
many  years  in  hand ;  and  the  extent  of  the  insect-bearing  rocks  of  the 
West,  which  as  yet  have  been  touched  only  here  and  there,  is  so  immeas- 
urably greater  than  that  of  similar  European  strata  that  only  the  lack  of 
students  in  this  field  of  American  paleontology  can  prevent  our  deposits 
from  assuming  a  commanding  position  in  the  world. 
Very  respectfully,  yours, 

SiAlUEL   H.    SCUDDER. 

Hon.  J.  W.  Powell, 

Director  U.  S.  Geological  Survei/,  Washinffton,  D.  C. 


THE  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


By  Samuel  H.  Souddeb. 


INTRODUCTION. 

That  creatures  so  minute  and  fragile  as  insects,  creatures  which  can  so 
feebly  withstand  the  changing  seasons  as  to  Hve,  so  to  speak,  hut  a  moment, 
are  to  be  found  fossil,  engraved,  as  it  were,  upon  the  rocks  or  embedded  in 
their  hard  mass,  will  never  cease  to  be  a  surprise  to  those  unfamiliar  with  the 
fact.  "So  fragile,"  says  Quinet',  "  so  eusy  to  crush,  you  would  readily  believe 
the  insect  one  of  the  latest  beings  produced  by  nature,  one  of  those  which  has 
least  resisted  the  action  of  time ;  that  its  type,  its  genera,  its  forms,  must  have 
been  ground  to  powder  a  thousand  times,  annihilated  by  the  revolutions 
of  the  globe,  and  perpetually  thrown  into  the  crucible.  For  where  is  its 
defense!  Of  what  value  its  antennae,  its  shield,  its  wings  of  gauze,  against 
the  commotions  and  the  tempests  which  change  the  surface  of  the  earth  ? 
When  the  mountains  thems(3lves  are  overthrown  and  the  seas  uplifted,  when 
the  giants  of  structure,  the  mighty  quadrupeds,  change  form  and  habit  under 
the  pressure  of  circumstances,  will  the  insect  withstand  them  ?  Is  it  it 
which  will  display  most  character  in  nature?  Yes!  The  universe  flings 
itself  against  a  gnat.  Where  will  it  find  refuge?  In  its  very  diminutive- 
ness,  its  nothingness." 

The  pages  and  plates  of  the  present  volume  bear  testimony  to  the  fact 
that  our  tertiary  strata  have  preserved  remnants  of  an  ancient  host,  so 
varied  in  structure,  so  closely  also  resembling  their  brethren  of  to-day, 
that  nearly  or  quite  every  prevalent  family-group  in  the  entire  range  of  the 
insect-world  has  already  been  detrcnstrated  to  have  then  existed.  While 
often  fragmentary  and  crushed,  sometimes  beyond  recognition,  a  not  in- 
significant number  are  sufficiently  preserved  for  us  to  repopulate  the  past ; 


•  £.  <iuinet:  La  Creation,  vol.  1,  p.  197. 


13 


14 


INTRODUCTION. 


HomotinioH,  too,  are  they  preserved  in  such  a  wonderful  manner  that  in  tiny 
creatures  with  a  spread  of  wings  scarcely  more  than  a  couple  of  millimeter»< 
one  may  count  under  the  microscope  the  hairs  fringing  the  wings. 

In  attempting  tlms  to  restore  the  past  world  of  our  insects,  two  or 
three  general  features  have  been  forced  upon  my  attention,  which  nmy 
well  be  mentioned  here.  One  of  them  is  the  remarkable  tact  that  in  hardly 
a  single  instance  has  the  same  species  been  found  at.  two  distinct  localities. 
These  localities,  it  is  true,  are  in  some  instances  separated  by  hundreds  or 
even  thousands  of  miles,  and  analogy  with  the  present  distribution  of 
insects  would  lead  us  to  expect  more  or  less  profound  changes  in  passing 
from  one  to  another.  But  at  other  times  the  distance  is  not  great,  or  at  any 
rate  not  great  enough  to  make  this  a  satisfactory  reason.  It  is  more  proba- 
ble that  the  beds  in  wlpch  they  occur  are  not  altogether  synchronous ;  and 
we  are  led  to  believe  that  in  the  separation  of  horizons  insects  will  give  more 
precise  and  definite  distinctions  than  may  be  gained  by  the  study  of  the 
plant  remains  of  the  same  beds.  The  data  at  our  disposal  are  not  yet  suffi- 
ciently varied  to  enable  us  to  speak  with  any  confidence,  but  wiien  the 
other  groups  of  Florissant  insects,  not  considered  in  the  present  volume, 
are  worked  out,  and  the  new  material  that  is  at  iiand  from  the  other  princi- 
pal localities  has  been  fairly  studied,  it  may  be  found  that  we  are  armed 
with  a  new  weapon  of  attack  in  solving  the  inmiediate  succession  of  the 
Tertiary  series  of  the  West  in  their  finer  subdivisions. 

Another  point  to  which  attention  may  be  drawn  is  the  very  considerable 
number  and  quite  e.xf raordinary  proportion  of  species  which  so  far  are  repre- 
sented by  a  sinj^le  specimen.  Leaving  out  of  considerjition  certain  marvel- 
ously  prevalent  forms  in  the  beds  of  Florissant,  such  as  certain  Formicida), 
Alydina,  etc.,  one  working  these  beds,  from  which  many  thousands  of  insects 
have  already  been  taken,  may  confidently  expect  that  every  third  or  fourth 
specimen  will  prove  something  new.  A  quite  similar  statement  can  be 
made  of  all,  or  all  but  one,  of  the  other  localities  where  insects  have  been 
found  in  our  Tertiary  deposits :  it  surely  indicates  that  with  all  the  rich 
results  of  the  explorations  .so  far  undertaken  we  are  only  upon  the  threshold 
of  our  possible  knowledge.  We  find  a  richness  of  fauna  far  exceeding  any- 
thing before  supposed  possible. 

The  interest  of  the  Tertiary  fauna  is  further  enhanced  by  the  discovery 
that  no  inconsiderable  proportion  of  the  species  in  this  fauna  must  be  re- 


INTBODUOTION. 


16 


ferred  to  genera  not  now  extant.  Granted  that  our  knowledge  of  the  sub- 
tropical forms  of  this  continent  (with  which  as  a  whole  at  least  our  Floris- 
sant fauna  seems  to  be  akin)  is  much  too  meager  to  be  of  great  service ; 
granted  also  that  in  many  cases  we  are  forced  to  establish  new  genera  upon 
what  would  be  regarded  among  recent  animals  as  too  slender  grounds  :  it  . 
is  nevertheless  true  that  an  unexpectedly  large  number  of  ,forms  can  not  be 
forced  into  modern  genera  already  established ;  in  many  cases,  throughout 
whole  groups,  kindred  differences  from  modern  types  are  found  which  in- 
dicate considerable  changes  of  structure  in  the  intervening  epochs  along 
parallel  lines.  In  illustration  of  this  we  would  call  special  attention  to  the 
differences  observed  in  the  genera  of  plant-lice,  and,  in  several  places 
among  other  Hemiptera  as  well  as  among  the  Coleoptera,  to  the  decided  dif- 
ferences in  the  relative  length  of  various  members  of  the  body.  My  own 
belief,  which  springs  from  the  comparisons  instituted  in  the  study  of  this 
fauna,  is  that  a  much  larger  proportion  of  genera  should  really  have  been 
founded,  and  that,  for  every  type  which  may  turn  up  in  Central  American 
explorations  of  the  near  future  identical  with  tliose  now  established  upon 
the  fosi»ils  alone,  it  will  be  necessary  to  separate  from  the  familiar  sun-ound- 
ings  in  whicii  I  have  placed  it  some  other  of  the  insects  from  the  same  beds. 

It  should  be  stated  that  the  larger  part  of  tiie  plates  in  this  volume 
were  engraved  before  the  insects  were  studied,  except  in  a  cursory  manner 
to  separate  the  species;  the  insects  are  therefore  not  always  properly 
grouped,  and  the  legends  upon  the  plates  are  in  part  inaccurate. 

In  tiie  enumeration  of  the  specimens  at  the  end  of  the  specific  descrip- 
tions the  numbers  of  the  obverse  and  reverse  of  the  same  specimen  are 
always  connected  by  "  and "  without  any  intervening  comma,  and  this 
typographical  method  is  employed  only  for  expressing  this  relation. 

In  the  study  of  these  extinct  insects  much  assistance  has  been  received 
from  friends,  to  whom  my  cordial  thanks  are  due;  for  valuable  suggestions 
from  the  late  Dr.  J.  L.  LeConte,  from  Baron  R.  von  Osten  Sacken,  Edward 
Burgess,  Esq.,  and  Drs.  G.  H.  Horn  and  H.  A.  Hagen;  for  tlse  open  collec- 
tions of  the  late  G.  D.  Smith,  Esq.,  and  of  Messrs.  E.  P.  Austin  and  Samuel 
Henshaw;  and  for  importiant  aid  in  obtaining  typical  series  of  modern  insects 
in  various  groups  by  Messrs.  E.  P.  Austin,  P.  R.  Uhler,  E.  P.  Van  Duzee, 
Edward  Burgess,  Dr.  A.  Forel,  and  most  especially  Mr.  Samuel  Henshaw. 


wmf 


\    * 


Entomological  Branch 
department  of  agriculture 

OTTAWA    -      -    CANADA 


LOCALITIKS  WHERK  TERTIARY  INSECTS  HAVE  BEEN  FOUND  IN  AMERICA. 

Florissant,  Colormlo. — Tlio  Tortiary  lako  biisiii  ut  Florissant,'  already 
famous  for  ita  prolific  beds  of  jjlants  and  insects,  is  situated  in  a  narrow 
valley  high  up  in  the  mountains  at  t.  j  southern  extremity  of  the  Front 
Range  of  Colorado,  at  no  g'-eat  distance  from  I'ike's  I'eak. 

The  basin  is  shown  on  Sheet  l.'J  of  the  geological  atlas  of  Colorado, 
publish(jd  by  Dr.  Hayden's  survey,  and  its  outlines  are  marked  with  con- 
siderable accuracy,  although  upon  a  comparatively  small  scale.  The 
ancient  lako  lies  in  the  valley  of  the  present  South  Fork  of  Twin  Creek, 
and  of  the  upper  half  of  the  main  stream  of  the  same  after  the  South  Fork 
has  joined  it.  Following  the  old  stage  road  from  South  Park  to  (!)olorado 
Spi'ings,  and  leaving  it  just  above  the  railway  station  at  Florissant,  and 
then  taking  the  road  which  leads  over  the  divide  toward  Cailon  City,  we 
pass  between  the  Platte  River  and  the  Arkansas  divide,  through  the  entire 
lenjith  of  the  basin.  This  road  crosses  the  Soutli  Platte  a  .short  distance, 
say  a  kilometer  and  a  half,  below  the  inoutli  of  Twin  Greek,  climbs  a  long 
gradual  slope  on  ilie  east  bank  of  the  river  to  an  open  grassy  glade  about 
2,500  meters  above  the  sea,  and  then  descends  a  little  more  than  three  kilo- 
meters from  the  river  to  join  the  valley  of  Twin  Creek.  One  scarcely 
begins  the  descent  before  his  attention  is  attracted  by  tiie  outcropping  of 
drab-colored  shales,  whic'i  continue  until  almost  the  very  sunmiit  of  the 
divide  is  reached  and  the  descent  toward  the  Arkansas  bejjun,  a  travelinij 
distance  of  not  far  from  l.'J  kilometers.  The  shales  uiay  indeed  be  seen  for 
several  kilometers  on  the  farther  side  of  this  divide,  but  no  organic  remains 
have  yet  been  found  in  them. 

By  climbing  a  neighboring  peak,  thric(i  baj)tized  as  Crystal  j\Iountain, 
Topaz  Butte,  and  Cheo{)s  Pyi'amid,  and  known  to  the  old  miners  as  Slim 
Jim,  we  obtained  an  admirable  bird's-eye  view  of  the  ancient  lake  and  the 

'  TliU  iiucouiit  ol'  Kliirissaiit  i.s  taken  almost  bodily  from  u  papur  by  Prof,  Arthur  Lakos  ami 
myself  (Bull.  U.  S.  (5tM>l.  .Siirv.  Torr.,  vol.  ti,  IHtjl,  pp.  -JTS),  Boq.). 


17 


VOL  XHI- 


18 


TKIM'IAUY  INSKCrrS  OK  NORTH  AMKIUOA. 


smTninidiiifj  rc^^ioii,  To  tlio  HotithouHt  Ih  Pike'R  Peak  ;  to  tlio  west  South 
I'lU'k  iiiui  tlio  catloi)  of  tliu  South  I'hitte,  Hhowii  ))y  u  <lu|)n>Hhioii ;  to  tho 
cxtrciiK*  Hoiith  tho  <j;niu(l  ciifiou  (»f  tlic  Arkunsas;  wh  lo  to  tlio  nortli  a  fow 
sharp,  raggod,  {fraiiito  poaks  HuruioiMit  the  low  woodod  hills  and  ravinos 
characteristir  of  tho  noarcr  roj^ioii.  Anioiifjf  thoso  hills  uiul  ravinos,  und 
only  u  little  hroadcr  than  tho  rest  of  the  latter,  lies,  to  tho  south,  tho  ancient 
Florissant  liako  hasin,  marked  by  an  irrej^ular  L-shapod  jfrassy  meadow, 
tho  southern  half  liroador  and  more  rolling  than  tho  northwestern,  the  latter 
more  broken  and  with  ilccpor  inh^ts. 

Ki'oalling  its  ancient  condition  it  will  appear  that  this  elevated  lake 
must  have  been  a  beautiful,  tliougi:  shallow,'  sheet  of  water.  Topaz  Hutte, 
and  a  nameless  lower  idevation  lying  oiglit  kilometers  to  its  southwest, 
which  we  may  call  Castello's  Mciuutaiu,  guarded  the  head  of  tho  lake  upon 
one  side  and  the  (Uher,  rising  .'iOO  oi"  K)0  meters  above  its  level.  It  was 
honmu'd  in  on  all  sides  by  nearer  granitic  hills,  whose  woodetl  slopes  came 
to  the  water's  edge  ;  sometimes,  especially  on  the  niu'thern  and  eastern  sides, 
rising  altruptly,  at  others  gradually  sloping,  so  that  reeds  and  Hags  grew 
in  tho  shallow  waters  by  the  shore.  The  waters  of  the  lake  penetrated  in 
deep  inlets  b(>tweeu  the  hills,  giving  it  a  varied  and  tortuous  outline: 
although  only  about  \Ct\  kilometers  long  and  very  muTOw,  its  margin  must 
have  ui('asun'(l  over  70  kihuneters  in  extent.  Still  greater  variety  was 
gained  by  steep  promonlories,  20  meters  or  more  in  height,  which  pro- 
jected abruptly  into  the  lake  from  either  side,  nearly  dividing  it  into  a 
chain  of  three  or  four  une(|ual  and  very  irregular  open  p<mds,  nnniing  in 
a  northwest-southeast  directi«)n,  and  a  larger  and  less  indented  sheet,  as 
large  as  tho  others  conil)iued,  <M)nuected  with  tho  southwesternmost  of  the 
three  ])ya  narrow  channel,  and  dottecl  with  numerous  hmg  and  narrow 
wooded  islets  just  rising  al>o\(^  the  surface. 

Tho  ancient  outlet  of  the  whoh^  .system  was  probably  at  the  southern 
extremity;  at  h'iist  tlit;  marks  of  the  lake  deposits  reach  within  a  few  meters 
of  the  ridge  uhicli  mow  separates  the  watersofthe  IMatte  and  Arkansas;  the 
nature  of  the  l»Msin  itsell',  and  the  much  more  rapi<l  de.sc(uit  of  the  present 
surface  on  tlie  soutlirrn  sidi'  of  this  divide  lead  to  this  conclusion.  At  the 
l;ist  elevation  of  the  Ikocky  Abunitain  chain  the  drainage  tlow  of  this  iunne- 
diato  region  was  reversed  ;  the  elevation  coming  fron>  a  southerly  or  south- 

I  Till'  .^liiillowiirss  <i|'  till'  liiki'  in  iiiiliiiiti'il  liy  tin"  iliaiacli-r  of  tin'  I'mli,  tlin  himi  cnukiiiK  of  hoiiic 
of  III"  hIuiIi'h    anil  till'  I'l'i'i't  '<i'i|lliii:i  Htiilii|iM. 


I 


TUK  KLOKISHANT  LAKK  ItAHIN. 


19 


unsterly  dirootioii  (|n!rlm|m  from  Pike's  Poiik),  tlio  liiko,  or  HorioM  of  lakeH, 
WHS  (IriiiiKid  dry  l)y  oiuptyiii^  at  tlio  nortliwesteru  oxtrmiiitv.  'I'lio  draiimge 
of  tli(!  vall(fy  now  fi(»>v('d  into  a  brook  wliich  followtnl  tiiu  dtu'por  part  of  its 
fornHU'  floor,  and  tlio  waters  of  tli(»  ro<(ion  have  since  emptied  into  tlio  I'iatto 
and  not  tlio  Arkansas,  passinjy  in  tiioir  course  between  Topaa  IJutte  and 
(Jastello's  iMountain. 

The  promontories  projectiiifj  into  the  lake  on  either  side  are  formed  of 
trachyte  or  other  voUianic  lavas,  apparently  occurrinj,'  in  fissures  directly 
athwart  tlie  {^eneral  course  of  the  northwestern  or  upper  series  of  lakes, 
and  masses  of  tlie  same  occur  at  many  different  points  alon<f  the  ancient 
siiore,  su(!h  as  the  western  (!orner  where  tlie  waters  of  the  lake  were  finally 
discharj^ed;  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  viliajyo;  along  the  eastern  ^^^all  of 
the  lowermost  of  the  chain  of  upper  lakes,  near  where  the  present  road 
divides;  and  at  points  along-  both  eastern  aiid  western  walls  of  the  lower 
southern  lake.  In  jreneral  the  trachytic  flows  seem  to  bo  confined  to  the 
(Miges  of  the  lacustrine  basin,  but  some,  if  not  all,  of  the  mesas  or  ancient 
islands  of  the  southern  lake  have  trachytic  flows  over  them ;  and  tovva'd 
the  southern  extremity  of  the  lake  what  was  onco  a  larger  island  now  forms 
a  rounded  hill  with  steep  northern  walls,  crowned  by  heavy  beds  of  dark 
trachyte,  and  its  slopes  (lovered  with  (piantities  of  vesicular  scoriic.  The 
rough  uul  craggy  knoll  immediately  overlooking  the  present  village  of 
Florissant,  the  reputed  scene  of  Indian  combats,'  is  witness  of  hotter  times 
than  those;  vertical  cylindrical  holes,  with  smooth  walls,  in  which  a  man 
could  hide  from  sight,  funnels  scored  by  heat,  mark,  perhaps,  the  presence 
of  former  geysers;  the  basaltic  roc^ks  themselves  jne  ih-eply  fissured  by  the 
breaking  up  of  the  planes  of  divisions  between  the  cohunns,  affording  the 
best  protection  to  the  Uto  and  Arapahoe  warriors.  Ihit  the  very  shales  of 
the;  lake  itself,  in  which  the  myriad  i)laiits  and  ins(>cts  are  entombed,  are 
wholl}'  composed  of  volcanic  sand  and  ash;  !'»  meters  or  more  thick  they 
lie,  in  alternating  hners  of  coarser  and  finer  material.  About  half  of  this, 
now  lying  beneath  the  general  surface  of  the  ground,  consists  of  heavily- 
bedded  drab  shales,  with  a  conchoidal  fracture,  and  is  totally  destitute  of 
fossils.  The  upp(n'  half  I  s  been  eroded  and  carried  away,  leaving,  how- 
ever, the  fragmentary  remains  of  this  great  ash  deposit  clinging  to  the  bor- 
ders of  the  basin  and  surrounding  the  islands;  a  uiore  convenient  arrange- 

'Tlieir  riulo  fortiticiilions  still  crown  tlio  Niiniiiiit. 


20 


THllTIAKY  INHHCTB  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


i1 


: 


inont  fur  tho  proHeiit  uxplurur  could  not  hiivo  boon  doviHod.  That  tlio  mouitu 
of  tho  voh'unii;  iiHhuH  iniiHt  havu  boeu  cIomu  at  hand  huciiih  almnihiiitly 
proved  by  tliu  ditlbruuco  in  tho  depositH  ut  tho  oxtronio  oiids  ot'  th  «  !i»ko  an 
will  bo  shown  in  tho  HoctiouH  to  bo  yivon.  Not  oidy  docs  tho  tliickiiosH  of 
tho  bods  ditVor  at  tho  two  points,  but  it  is  diiKoult  to  brini^'  thoni  into  any- 
thin^r  boyond  tho  most  gonoral  conuordanco. 

Thoro  aro  still  othor  proof's  of  disturbanro.  Around  ono  of  tho  <,'ranitic 
islands  in  tlio  southorii  lako  basin  tho  shalos  niontionod  woro  cappod  l)y  from 
ono  and  a  half  to  two  and  a  half  motors  of  sodimontary  matt^rial,  roaohin;>' 
noarly  to  tho  crown  of  the  hill,  tho  lowest  bed  of  which,  a  little  more  tlian 
three  decimeters  thick,  formed  a  rej^ular  horizontal  stratmn  of  small  vol- 
canic pebbles  and  sand  (A  and  H  of  Dr.  Wadswctrth's  note,  further  on), 
while  the  part  above  is  much  coarser,  resemblin}^  a  breccia,  and  is  very  un- 
evenly bedded,  pitchinjf  at  every  possible  angle,  seamed,  joint(>d,  and 
weather-worn,  curved  and  twisted,  and  inclosiii"'  pockets  of  fine  laminated 
shales,  also  of  volcanic  ash,  in  which  a  few  fossils  are  found  (0  of  Dr.  Wads- 
worth's  note").  Those  beds  cap  tho  series  of  rej^fular  and  evenly  stratified 
shales  (D  of  tho  same  note),  and  aro  perhaps  synchronous  with  tho  disturb- 
aiica  which  tilted  and  oniptieil  the  basin.  Tho  uppermost  evenly  bedded 
shales  then  lonned  the  hard  floor  (»f  the  lake,  and  these  contorted  beds  the 
softer,  but  hardening,  and  therefore  more  or  loss  tenacious,  deposits  on  that 
floor. 

The  excavation  of  tho  filled-up  basin  we  must  presume  to  be  due  to 
the  ordinary  ageniiies  of  atmospheric  erosion.  The  islai.d s  in  the  lower  lake 
take  now  as  then  the  form  of  tho  granitic  nucleus;  nearly  all  are  long  and 
narrow,  but  their  trend  is  in  every  direction  Ijoth  acro.ss  and  along  the  val- 
ley in  which  they  rest,  (jfi-eat  masses  of  tho  shales  still  adhere  e(pially  on 
every  side  to  tho  rocks  against  which  they  were  deposited,  proving  that  time 
aloiu      1(1  no  rude  agency  has  degraded  the  ancient  floor  of  the  lake. 

i'lie  shali's  in  the  .southern  basin  dip  to  tho  north  or  northwest  at  an 
angle  of  about  two  degrees,  and  according  to  the  contours  of  the  llayden 
Survey,  the  southern  end  of  the  ancient  lake  is  now  elevated  nearly  two 
hinidrcd  and  fifty  meters  above  tlu;  extreme  northwestern  point.  The 
greater  part  of  this  present  slope  of  the  lako  border  will  be  found  in  the 
southern  half,  wlxin*  it  can  not  fail  to  at  once  strike  the  observant  eye,  tho 
.soufliernninst  margin  close  to  the  siinnnit  of  tlu^  divide  being  nearly  two 
hundred  meters  higher  than  the  margin  ne.Nt  the  hill  by  the  forks  of  the  road. 


li  H^ 


TIIK  FFiOIUaSANT  I.AKK  IJASIN.  21 

Our  oxniniiiatioii  of  tlio  dopoHitM  of  tli'iH  IiictiHtrine  hnnin  wan  priiicipnily 
nuulo  ill  II  Miiiiill  liill,  from  which  porhiipn  tho  InrgcHt  number  of  foHHiUhavo 
hoon  taken,  lying  jii«t  south  of  tho  hoiiHo  of  Mr.  Adam  Hill,  now  owned 
by  Mr.  Thompson,  and  upon  Iuh  ranch.  I/iko  the  other  ancient  iMetH  of  tluH 
upland  lak(>,  it  now  forms  a  mesa  or  flat-topped  hill  about  ten  or  a  dozen 
nii'tcrs  high,  purhapH  a  hundred  meters  long  and  twonty-tivo  broad.  Around 
its  (Mistcrn  base  are  some  of  tho  famous  petrified  trees— huge,  upright  trunks, 
standiiig  as  thoy  ginnv,  which  aro  reported  to  have  been  five  or  six  meters 
high  at  the  advent  of  tho  present  residents  of  tho  region.  Piecemeal  they 
have  b('(Mi  destroyed  by  van(hvl  tourists,  until  now  not  one  of  thom  rises 
more  than  a  motor  above  tho  surface  of  tho  ground,  and  many  of  them  are 
entirely  leveled;  but  their  huge  size  is  attested  by  tho  relics,  tho  largest  of 
wliic.h  can  bo  soen  to  have  been  three  or  four  meters  in  dian;otor.  These 
gigantic  trees  appear  to  be  Sequoias,  as  far  as  can  bo  told  from  thin  sections 
of  the  wood  submitted  to  Dr.  Georgo  \j.  Goodale.  As  is  well  known,  re- 
mains of  more  than  one  species  of  Sequoia  have  been  found  in  tho  shales 
at  their  base. 

At  the  opposite  sloping  end  of  this  mesa  ft  trench -was  dug  from  top  to 
bottom  to  determine  tho  character  of  tho  different  layers,  and  tho  section 
exposed  was  carefully  measured  and  studied.  In  the  work  of  digging  this 
trench  we  received  the  very  ready  and  welcome  assistance  of  our  com- 
panion, Mr.  F.  C.  Howditch,  and  of  Mr.  Hill. 

From  what  information  wo  could  gain  about  the  wells  in  this  neigh- 
borhood and  from  a  shaft  sunk  obliquely  in  the  side  of  a  hill  near  the 
northwestern  extremity,  it  would  appear  that  tho  present  bod  of  the  ancient 
Florissant  lake  is  entirely  similar  in  composition  for  at  least  ten  meters  below 
the  surface,  consisting  of  heavily  bedded  non-foasiliferous  shales,  having  a 
conchoidal  fracture.  Above  these  basal  deposits,  on  the  slope  of  tho  hill, 
we  found  the  following  series,  from  above  downward,  commencing  with  tho 
evenly  bedded  strata : 

SECTION   IN   SOT'THERN   LAKE. 

(fly  S.  n.  Sciiitder  and  A.  I.akeii.) 

CentiiiiPliT^. 

1.  Finely  laniiimlod,  uveiily  lieildoil,  light-gray  Hbalo;  plants  and  insects  scarco  and  poorly 

proscrvpd 3. 'i 

2.  LiKlit-lii'own,  soft  and  plialdo,  line-drained  sandstone;  nnfossiliferons !> 

3.  Coarser,  rerrnjrinoiis  sandstone;  nnt'ossiliferons • 3.8 

4.  Kexflnililin^  No.  1 :  leaves  and  insect  remains 21 

6.  H.ird,  compact,  urayisli-lilaolt  slialo,  lireakinj;  with  a  conchoidal  fracture,  seamed  in  tho 

middle  with  a  narrow  strip  of  ilrah  shale;  fragments  of  plants 28 


^BP 


22 


TKRTIAKV   INSKCI'S  OF  NOK'TH   AMKMOA. 


ti.  Kerr II j;i lions  sliiilo  ;   iiiifosNililVmiiH 1,5 

T,  K<^Heiiil>liii){  Nil.  r>,  lint  liavinj;  iin  I'uncliiiidiil  fr.ii'tnn-;  Nt)>inH  of  pl.tiiLs,  insoclN,  anil  a  small 

liivahi'  niolliisk 9 

8.  Very  lini^  K''",v  ocliri'iiiis  sliiiU<;  iiiin-foNsilirciiins 0.  r> 

!•.  Drab  MJiali's.  imerlainiiuti'il  with  lint'ly  illvitliiil  |ia|irr  shales  dl'  li);lit-;;ra,v  culor;  steiiiH  ut' 

plan  I.-,  iirils,  ami  insects Ifi 

10,  Crnii'liliiiK  I'eliii'iiiis  sliale;  leaves  itlMiniliint<,  inseutH  ruro "..'"i 

11.  Drab  shales;  no  lussils .^  7.5 

IJ.  Coarse.  reiru;;iuons  samlstiine;  nii  t'ossils ;{.  8 

Kl.  Very  !iaril  drab  shales,  ha\  in);  a  ciinehoiilal  trait  iire  aiiil  lilleil  with  noilnles;   nufossilif- 

eroiis t')3 

H.   I'inely  lainiiiuted  yellowish  i>r  ilrab  shales     leavi-s  and   frajrineiUs  of  ]dautH,   with  »  few 

ins.'els 30 


ir.. 

Hi. 
17. 

18. 
lit. 
•-'II 

ai 
a:i 

24. 

•Hi. 

a7. 


Alleriiatiiij;  layersordarker  and  lij;hli'r;;rav  and  liniwii  t'errajjinoiissaiidstdno;  ni)  fossils..      10 
Diali  shales;   leaves,  scimN,  and  other  parts  ol'  [ilants,  with  in  .eels,  all  in  alinndauce  ....       til 

KerriiKinons,  iiiiroiis,  sandy  shales;   no   fossils ,''1.7 

Dark  Hi'',v  and  yellow  shales  ;  leaves  and  otiier  part.s  of  plants !l 

Interstraiilii'd  shales,  resenililin;;  17  and  1"* ;  leaves  andi;ther  parts  of  plants,  with  insects. .      17.  "^ 

Thiikly  bedded  ehoeolatecolomd  shales;  no  fossils "II 

I'orons  yellow  shale,  inlersliatilie  1  with  seams  of  very  thin  dral)  eolored  shales;  pliiits   ..       7.  .1 

Heavily  bedde.l  ilioroi ale  eolored  shales;  no  fossils ;10 

Tliinly  beilded  diab  shales;  perteet  leaves,  with  perfeet  and  iinperfeet  frafjiuentsof  plants, 

and  a  few  broken  insects 

Thinly  bedded  li;;lit  drab  shahs,  weathering  very  light  ;  without  fossils 

Tliiek  bedded  drab  shales,  bre.ikinj;  with  a  eonehoidal  fracture;  aUu  destitnluof  fossilu.. 

Coarse  arenaecons  shale  ;   iinfossiliferons 

Gray  sandstone,  eontainingdeeoinposiug  fraginiMits  of  some  whito  iiiinural,  perhaps  ealcitu  ; 


no  tossils 


20 

20 

IH 

9 

178 


28   Coarse,  ferrngiuons,  friable  sandstone,  with  I'oniietioiis  of  a  softer  material  ;  fragments  of 

stems [lerliaps..     00 

29.  Thinly  bedded  dnib  shales,  liaviii;;;  a  eonehoidal  fracture,  HOinuwhat  lignitic,  with  frag- 
ments of  rools,  etc 2i> 

;U).  Oark-ehoeolate  shale.s,  containing  yellowish  concretions;   tilled  w'lh  steim  and  roots  of 

plants .      '-'.'> 

Total  thickness  of  evenly  bedded  .shales  ("  D,"  of  Dr.  Wadsworth's  note)  above  (loor 
depositH iMeters).        ti.tltiH 

Tlu;  1h'(1  which  lia.s  hct-ii  most  wnrkcil  for  insects  iiiid  Iciives,  iintl  in 
wliidi  thev  iirc  uiii|Ucstioiial)Iy  tlic  most  abiiiiiljiiir  and  ItesI  picsi-i-vcil,  is 
tht?  thick  bed,  NO  1(1,  lyii^'  lialt'-wjiy  up  the  hill,;iiiil  luiiiposcil  of  riipidly 
alternating^  hods  of  Viirioiislv  coh>red  th-ub  shales.  ISelow  this,  insects  were 
plentiful  onlv  ill  Xo.  IJ),  and  above  it  in  Nos.  7  and  !•;  in  other  Iteds  thev 
nccurred  only  rarehor  in  fraiiineiits  IMaiits  were  always  iibnndant  wliere 
insects  wore  found,  but  alsi»  oceiii'i'ed  in  many  strata  where  insects  were 
either  not  discovered. -lu-li  as  Nos  IS  aiid'Jl  in  the  lower  half  iiiid  Xo.  fi  in 
the  iip])er  half,  or  were  rare,  as  in  Xos,  1(>  ami  14  abtixt;  the  middle  and  Xo. 
2'.'>  below;   the  cii;trser  lii^iiites  occurred  iinlv  near  (lie  base. 

riio  thickest  unfii>siliferous  beds,  Xos.  "Jd  ami  27,  were  iilniost  iiiiiforin 


III  character  throu;ilii)ut,  and  did  not  readily  split  into  laminte.  indicating 
.-111  enormous  shower  of  ashes  or  a  mud  flow  ;it  the  time  of  their  deposition: 
their  character  was  similar  to  that  of  the  Hoor  beds  of  the  basin. 


TllK  FliOKlSSANT  LAKK  15AS1N. 


23 


These  beds  of  shale  vary  in  color  from  yellow  to  dark  brown.  Above 
them  all  lay,  as  already  stated,  from  fifteen  to  twenty -live  decimeters  of 
coarser,  more  granulated  sediments,  all  but  the  lower  bed  broken  up  and 
greatly  contorted.  These  reached  almost  to  the  summit  of  the  mesa,  whicii 
was  strewn  with  granitic  gravel  and  a  few  pebbles  of  lava. 

Specimens  of  these  upper  irregular  beds,  and  also  of  the  underlying 
shales,  were  submitted  to  Dr.  M.  E.  Wadsworth,  of  Cambridge,  Massachu- 
setts, now  of  Houghton,  Michigan,  who  caused  thin  sections  to  be  made 
from  them  and  ha.s  furnished  the  following  account  of  their  microscopical 
structure : 

TUFA  FROM  FLORISSANT. 

The  method  ami  scheme  of  classification  cuiployctl  here  is  that  briefly  sketched  in 
the  liiiUetiii  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  (vol.  5,  pp.  275-287).  I»y  this 
system  only  do  we  tliink  that  the  inclosed  fragments  could  be  named,  for  they  contain 
so  few  crystals  that  in  most  cases  the  base  is  the  jtrincipal  tiling  upon  which  the 
decision  must  rest. 

A.— TllK    l-INKlt   DKPOSIT  .Tl'ST  AHOVK  TIIK   SIIAI.KS. 

A  medium-grained  gray  tufa,  containing  crystals  and  fragments  of  feldspar, 
augite,  etc.,  cemented  by  a  line  earthy  groundmass. 

In  the  thin  section  it  is  seen  to  be  an  epitome  of  the  volcanic  rocks  of  tlie  Cordil- 
leras. The  groundmass  holds  fragments  of  basalt,  an.lesite,  trachyte,  and  riiyolite, 
with  detached  minerals  derived  from  them. 

The  basaltic  fragments  have  in  part  a  dense  globulitic  base  porphyritically  hold- 
ing ledge  formed  plagiocli.'se  crystals  and  a  few  augite  jiiantdes.  Some  of  the  basalt  is 
<iuite  coarsely  crystallized,  approa(!hing  the  doleritic  type.  Ulivine  was  observed  in 
some  of  the  fragments,  but  it  is  largely  altered  to  a  reddish-brown  serpentine.  Mag- 
netite is  abundant.  In  many  of  the  fragments  the  groundmass  has  decomposed  to  a 
reddish-brown  mass,  which  is  untransparent  and  holds  clear  crystals  of  plagioelase. 
The  basaltic  fragments  have  sntl'ered  more  from  alteration  and  decomposition  than  any 
others  in  tlie  tufa. 

Of  andesite,  both  varieties  pointed  out  by  us  (loc.  cit.,  p.  280)  occur  in  this  tufa. 
The  first,  wiiich  is  nearest  the  basalt  in  conii)osition,  has  a  brow  n  glass  as  its  base,  filled 
with  microlites.  This  base  holds  miiuUe  rectangular  and  oblong  crystals  of  feldspar. 
Large  microlites  of  augite  and  grains  of  magnetite  were  seen.  Fragments  of  this  are 
(H)nimon,  and  are  clear  and  unaltered.  The  second  variety  of  andesite  was  seen  to 
have  a  dense  gray  micro felsitic  base,  holding  ledge-tbnned  feldspars  and  magnetite 
grains.  Some  contained  tlie  reddisli-brown  fibers  of  the  destroyed  hornblende.  Frag 
nients  of  tli's  variety  of  andesite  are  (piite  abundant. 

The  trachyte  Inis  a  light  gray,  felty,  and  glassy  base,  some  fragmeuls  showing  be- 
sides this  only  faint  traces  of  polarization  caused  by  incipient  feldspais.  Other  Irag- 
ments  show  minute,  well-formed  crystals  that  appear  to  be  sanidin.  (irains  of  mag- 
netite occur  scattered  througii  the  base.  This  is  als()  quite  abund;int,  aiul  it,  as  well 
as  the  basalt  and  andesite,  surpasses  the  rhyolite  in  amount. 

The  rhyolite  occurs  in  the  form  of  a  more  or  less  clear  glass,  often  «'ellular.  The 
cells  are  often  drawn  out  in  tiie  direction  of  the  original  How,  forininga  tihroiis  struct 


n  I 


24 


TKUTIAKY  INSKCrS  OF  NDUril  AMKKICA. 


lire,  which  when  of  n  {jrayish  or  roddish  brown  color  rcsoinblcs  woody  fiber.  Some  of 
the  fragiiu'iits  contain  ellii»itical  cells,  and  a  few  shards  of  water-clear  glass  free  from 
iuclnsions  were  seen. 

Many  crystals,  entire  or  broken,  are  scattered  tlironghont  the  groundmass  of  the 
tufa.  These  crystals  belong  to  plagioclase,  sanidin,  olivine,  magnetite,  angite.  and 
qnartz.  Bat  little  quartz  was  observed ;  one  crystal  contained  trichiti's  and  vapor 
cavities.  The  trichites  are  the  same  .is  those  commonly  seen  in  the  quartz  of  granite, 
but  this  appears  to  iiivve  been  derived  from  the  lava.  The  feldspar  coutains  inclu- 
sions of  base,  glass,  and  microlites,  .itid  tiirough  these  the  rook  from  which  the  feld- 
spar was  derived  can  often  be  told.  The  aiigites  have  the  characters  of  andesitic; 
augite.     A  little  palagonite  and  one  crystal  of  microline  were  seen. 

The  groundmass  of  the  tufa  is  ctmiposed  of  comiiiiiiuted  and  dectomposed  material 
derived  from  the  lavas  before  described.  In  the  groundmass  trachytic  and  rhyolitic 
niiiterial  appears  to  predominate. 

This  specimen  was  chosen  for  description,  as  it  best  represented  the  general  char- 
iicters  of  the  tufaa. 

B.— TlIK   CllAHSKR   DEPOSIT   .lUST   AllOVr.  TUT.   SUAI.KS. 

This  is  more  coarsely  fragmental  than  any  of  the  others,  and  is  composed  of  a  yel- 
lowish brown  earthy  groundmass,  holding  fraguients  of  (piartz,  feldspar,  basalt,  etc. 
Some  of  the  fragments  appear  to  belong  to  tiio  older  rocks,  but  none  of  them  were 
seen  in  the  section.  Under  the  microscope  the  tufa  is  similar  to  the  first  one  desciribed, 
but  its  fragments  are  larger  and  sometimes  bettc  marked.  Somekaolinized  feldspars 
and  a  little  biotite  were  seen.  The  hornblende  in  the  aiulesite  is  in  the  usual  broken 
forms,  with  blackened  edges. 

C. — A   SPrCIMKX    KliO.M    PIVEH   PORTION'   OF   TIIK   CI'PFR  COXTOUTED    IlKDS. 

A  yellowish  earthy  gnmndmass  holding  crystals  and  fragments  of  augite  and  feld- 
spar. On  one  side  is  a  layer  of  Hue  detritus,  composerl  of  tlie  same  material  as  the 
groundmass  of  the  more  coarsely  fragmental  portion.  Its  microscopic  characters  are 
similar  to  those  of  A,  except  that  its  materials  are  more  decomposed  and  sanidin  is 
more  abundant.    One  kaolinized  feldspar  was  observed. 

!>.— TiiiiEK  si'i;(  r-MKN's  or   iiii;  iNsi(  i'siiai.ks. 

These  are  brownish  an<l  gr.iyisli  brown  shales,  iieingsimi>ly  the  finer  material  of 
the  tufas  laid  down  in  lamina'  of  varying  thickness  and  coarsen.'ss.  One  is  very 
till  111  V  bedded. 


ii' 


This  volcanic  mateiial  liasevideiilly  been  workeil  over  by  water,  but  the  conditions 
can  of  course  best  be  told  in  the  Held.  So  far.  however,  as  wr-  can  Judge  by  inicro- 
scojiic  examination,  when  the  water  conimcnccd  its  work  tiie  material  was  in  Ioo.st> 
nncoiisolidatcd  deposits.  That  it  was  thrown  out  as  an  ash,  m' latlu'r  <leposited  as  a 
moi/n  near  its  present  location,  is  the  most  probable  siipiiositioii.  It  seems  then  to  have 
been  taken  iqi  by  the  waves  and  spread  out  as  it  is  now  found.  The  rea.son  for  this 
opinion  is  that  the  fragments  are  not  worn,  as  tiiey  would  iiataially  be  if  they  had 
been  ili'ri\ed  directly  from  solid  rock  by  water  action,  and  tiie  decomposition  is  not  so 
great  as  we  should  expect.  The  deposition  appears  to  have  been  ;^entle  but  compara- 
tively rapid,  tor  there  is  no  sign  of  violence  <u'  e\en  of  such  decomposition  as  weshouhl 
expect  III  kIow  deposition;  and  showers  of  ashes  falliii;'  on  still  water  cu'  a  lake  acting 
on   an   iiiiiMiiisolidated  tufa  bank   answer  best   the  eonditlims  called  for  here.     It  is 


tl 


THE  FLOKJS8ANT  LAKE  BASIN.  26 

probable  from  the  kaolinized  feldspars  and  the  macroscopic  fragments  of  apparently 
older  rocks  that  the  latter  are  present  in  the  tufa  to  some  extent.  This  can  best  be 
explained  by  the  supposition  thai  it  was  deposited  as  a  nioya  or  mudflow  within  reach 
of  the  waters  that  have  worked  it  over  and  deposited  it  in  its  present  position.  As  we 
said  befoi?,  the  field  evidence  must  be  relied  upon  mainly  in  deciding  such  questions 

as  these. 

M.  E,  Wadsworth. 
Cambridge,  MissACHus,ETTS,  April  15,  1880. 

Another  section,  less  carefully  measured  and  noted  with  less  detail  than 
the  other,  was  taken  at  the  extremity  of  one  of  the  promontories  jutting  in 
a  southwesterly  direction  into  the  middle  of  the  upper  chain  of  lakes,  about 
three  kilometers  west  of  the  present  post-office.  The  top  of  the  hill  was 
covered  with  granitic  gravel  and  loose  bowlders  of  dark  scoriaceous  trachyte; 
below  this  we  found,  passing,  as  before,  from  above  downward,  the  following 
succession: 

SECTION  IN  THE  NORTHWESTERN  LAKE. 

(By  S.  If.  Sciiddir  and  J.  Lakes.) 

Decimctors 
(eatimateil). 

1.  Finely  laminated  yellow-drali  Hbales;  no  fossils 12 

2.  ConrsB  ilecoiiiposing  yellow  isb  shales  :  no  fossils 12 

3.  Fine  compact  drab  shales;  perfect  reinuins  of  plants  and  insects 15 

4.  Arenaceous  shales;  very  lignitic 6 

5.  Ht.'avily  bedded,  coarse-grained,  crumbling  sandstone,  of  a  grayish-yellow  and  whitish  color,  be- 

coming ferrnginons  in  places;  partially  lignitic GO 

6.  Chocolate  and  drab  colored  shales  having  a  conchoidal  fracture,  passing  below  into  whitish  paper- 

like shales  inclosed  between  coarse  arenaceous  laminic;  plants  and  insects 45 

Total  thickness  of  shales  above  floor  deposits.     (Meters,  estimated)  15 

These  measurements,  being  estimated,  are  undoubtedly  too  great.  The 
composition  of  this  bluff  is  coarser  in  character  than  that  of  the  section  in 
the  southern  extension  of  the  lake.  The  lignitic  beds,  which  have  been 
used  for  quarrying  j)urpo.set%  contain  numerous  fragments  of  reeds  and 
roots  not  well  preserved.  The  lower  portions  of  the  section  correspond 
better  with  the  other  than  do  the  upper  beds,  where  it  is  difficult  to  trace 
any  correspondence:  No.  .'}  of  the  northwestern  seems,  however,  to  corre- 
spond to  No.  Ifi  of  the  southern  series.  The  whiti.sh  paper  shales  lying  at 
the  base  of  this  appear  to  be  entirely  aljsent  from  the  southern  section,  and 
the  distorted  beds  which  crown  the  mesa  are  not  apparent  in  the  bluff,  or, 
if  present,  are  wholly  regular.  A  more  careful  and  detailed  section  of  the 
bluff  (for  which  we  had  not  time),  and  particularly  the  tracing  of  the  beds 
along  the  wall  of  the  lake,  would  probably  bring  to  light  better  correspond- 
ences. 


26 


TKRTIAllY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMKIMI'A. 


Judging  from  the  present  pliysical  coiulition  of  tlie  basin,  its  age  is 
marked  as  later  than  the  movements  which  chased  the  Cretaceous  epoch  and 
earlier  than  the  last  upheaval  in  the  Tertiary,  which  seems  to  have  taken 
place  during  or  after  Miocene  times,  but  there  are  no  physical  data  yet  at 
hand  to  warrant  detinite  conclusions  on  this  head. 

The  insects  preserved  in  the  Florissant  basin  are  wonderfully  numer- 
ous, this  one  locality  having  yielded  in  a  single  suunner  more  than  double 
the  number  of  specimens  which  the  famous  localities  at  Oeningen,  in  JJava- 
ria,  furnished  Heer  in  thirty  years.  Having  \  isited  both  places  I  can  tes- 
tify to  the  greater  prolificness  of  the  IHorissant  beds.  As  a  rule  the  Oen- 
ingen specimens  are  better  preserved,  but  in  the  same  amount  of  shale  we 
still  find  at  Florissant  a  nnich  larger  luunber  of  satisfactory  specimens  than 
at  Oeningen,  and  the  quarries  arc  tifty  times  as  extensive  and  far  more 
easily  worked. 

The  examination  of  the  immense  series  of  specimens  found  at  Floris- 
sant has  not  3'et  critically  covered  the  whole  liold.  It  may,  nevertheless, 
be  interesting  to  make  the  single  compari.son  with  the  Oeningen  insect 
fauna  which  the  number  of  individuals  will  furnish.  This  is  indicated  by 
the  following  table: 


Pt'nciituge  of  represeutatiou  by- 

Hymcnoptera. 
Lcpidoptcra . . 

Diptcra 

Colooptera  . . . 
Heniiptcra  . .. 
Nciiroptcra .  . . 
Orthoptcra . .. 
Aracbnida 


At  Flo- 

At Oen- 

rissant. 

iiififii. 

40 

14 

U.04 

0.1 

■M> 

7 

1:1 

4H 

U 

!•,' 

.'» 

17 

ii.'.'r> 

3 

0.^5 

0.5 

99.04 


101.0 


It  will  be  seen  that  in  all  the  orders  that  are  well  represented  the  pro- 
portion (tf  specimens  of  each  is  very  dilfereiit,  with  tlie  sole  exception  of 
the  Ilemiptera,  while  the  same  groups  (Ortlioptera,  Aiacliiiida,  and  Lepi- 
doptera)  are  feebly  represented  in  both.  The  greatest  dillerence  occurs  in 
the  Diptera,  which  are  less  than  7  per  cent,  of  tlie  whole  at  Oeningen  and 
about  .'{()  per  cent,  at  Floris.sant;  in  the  Ilymenoptcra,  which  have  less  than 
11  per  cent,  at  Oeningen  and    10  per  cent   at    I'iorissiint,  due  largely  to  the 


TIIK  KLOHISSANT  LAKK  BASIN. 


27 


))rotligiou8  number  of  ants;  while  the  cuho  is  reversed  in  Coleoptera,  which 
form  nearly  one-half  the  specimens  found  at  Oeningen  and  only  13  per 
cent,  at  Florissant.  We  possess  no  count  of  the  specimens  found  at  Rado- 
hoj,  in  Croatia,  which  is  regrettable,  since  the  fauna  of  Florissant  a])pears 
to  agree  nuich  better  with  it  than  with  any  other  in  one  or  two  points,  such 
as  the  comparatively  minor  part  played  by  the  Coleoptera  and  the  great 
ninnberof  ants;  these  latter  number  fifty-seven  species  in  Radoboj,  and  five 
hundred  specimens  have  been  found  of  one  of  them.  Still  the  comparison 
can  not  be  carried  very  closely  into  other  departments;  for  instance,  only 
one  rhynchophorous  coleopteron  has  been  reported  from  Radoboj,  while 
they  are  very  numerous  and  rich  in  species  at  Florissant,  and  local  causes 
must  have  had  much  to  do  with  the  fauna  of  each  of  these  locialities.  It  is 
hardly  worth  while  to  institute  any  in(piiries  into  the  proportion  of  the 
groups  rejjrescnted  at  Florissant  and  in  amber,  since  the  nature  of  the 
entombment  is  entirely  different. 

Since  so  far  as  the  Florissant  insects  are  concerned  only  the  lower 
orders  are  reported  upon  in  the  present  volume,  it  niay  be  worth  while  to 
present  a  rapid  sketch  of  the  higher  orders,  to  complete  in  however  impor- 
tcct  a  way  the  partial  view  of  the  Florissant  insect  fauna  which  the  volume 
affords. 

About  three-fifths  of  the  Coleoptera  belong  to  the  normal  series  and 
two-fifths  to  the  rhynchophorous  division.  Tliere  are  eighty  to  ninety  spec- 
imens of  Carabidje,  including,  perhaps,  twenty -five  species;  many  of  them  are 
ver\'  fine  and  perfect,  especially  in  the  sculi)turing  of  the  elytra.  Water- 
beetles  are  not  so  numerous  as  would  \)e  anticipated;  indeed,  there  arc  very 
few  specimens,  witli  perhaps  half  a  dozen  species;  there  are  no  large  species 
such  as  occur  abundantly  at  Oeningen;  the  largest  of  our  species,  perhaps 
an  Ilydrophilus,  not  exceeding  twelve  millimeters  in  length.  The  Staphy- 
linid.'c  are  rather  more  numerous  than  the  ground-beetles,  with  over  thirty 
species,  some  of  them  toleraljl}'  large.  There  are  half  a  dozen  species  of 
Xitidhlida'.  Some  sixty  or  more  Scaraba'ida';  show  considerable  variety, 
thei-e  being  neai-ly  thirty  species  among  them.  Nearly  as  many  liuprestidiu 
have  quite  as  great  variety  of  form;  a  considerable  number  of  them  are  large 
and  nearly  all  fairly  preserved,  some  remarkably  perfect;  one  s]KH'ies,  Chry- 
sobothris  haydeni,  has  been  described.  Flaterida;  an*  more  al)undaut,  num- 
bering more  than  one  hundred  species,  many  of  them  in  beautiful  coudi- 


28 


TERTIARY  IN8KCTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


il 


tion  J  they  .ire  abundant  in  species,  over  forty  having'  been  separated,  and 
are  niosily  of  a  medium,  none  of  a  hwge,  size.  Considerably  over  one 
hundred  specimens  are  to  be  referred  to  the  Meloida*,  Mordellichv,  and  Mala- 
codennata,  but  the  specimens  do  not  appear  to  be  very  well  preserved, 
although  about  forty  species  may  be  distinguished.  The  Cerambycida;  are 
very  beautiful,  furnishing  thirty  or  more  specimens,  representing  more  than 
half  as  many  species ;  one  fine  species  of  a  new  extinct  genus,  Parolamia 
rudis,  has  already  l)een  described,  and  there  are  others  equally  fine.  There 
are  a  d.izen  or  more  species  of  Bruohid.T,  one  of  which,  Spennophag\is  vivi- 
ficatus,  has  been  published.  Chryscmielidre  are  not  uncommon  ;  thus  far  1 
have  recognized  about  two  dozen  species  among  the  sixty  or  eighty  speci- 
mens; one,  Oryatoscirtetes  protogicus,  belong*  r.g  to  a  new  genus,  lias 
already  been  published.  Nearly  twenty  species  of  Tenebrionida^  have  been 
separated,  rarely  represented  by  more  than  a  single  specimen  each,  and 
there  are  also  a  few  (from  two  to  ten  species  each)  of  Silphida',  llisterida'. 
Derniestidie,  Ptinida",  and  Coccinellida',  and  a  single  species  each  of  Cleridu' 
and  Telephoridic,  the  latter  already  described  under  the  nameof  Chauliog- 
nathus  pristinus.  Two  specimens  of  Ithynchophora,  Anthonomus  defossus 
and  Hurhinus  occultus,  have  been  described  ;  I  have  already  mentioned 
file  predominance  of  this  type  in  opposition  to  the  European  Tcrtiaries;  the 
species  are  very  numerous,  nearly  one  hundred  and  twent}'  having  been 
sepaiated,  with  over  five  hundred  sj)ecimens,  and  amon  >•  them  are  a  goodly 
njiniber  of  large  and  fine  species;  but  some  of  the  minutest  are  most  admi- 
rably preserved  ;  especially  is  this  true  of  the  sculpturing  of  the  tiiorax  and 
elytra;  no  attempt,  however,  has  yet  been  made  to  do  more  than  rudely 
separate  the  species,  so  that  no  details  can  now  bo  given. 

Nearly  a  third  of  all  the  specimens  I  have  seen  from  Florissant  belong 
to  the  Diptera.  Culicid;e  and  Cliiroiiomidjc  are  abinidaiit,  but  not  gener- 
ally very  i)erfect.  Tipulidai  are  abundant  anrl  admirably  preserved;  of 
the  larger  ft»rms  alone  tlwre  ap|)ear  to  be  several  hinidred  specin\ens,  and 
apparently  a  considerable  numljer  of  species  ;  tiie  smaller  Tipidida', 
including  the  Linuiobina,  are  also  al)un(laMt  and  well  preserve<l.  Many 
beautiful  Mycetopliilidip  occur,  probably  tnenty  or  thirty  species.  l{il»i- 
onida'  are  the  pn^vailing  type  among  the  Diptera;  there  nuist  be  a  thousand 
specimens  ]>elonging  to  this  family,  and  on  a  cursory  view  there  appears  to 
be  no  great  variety  ;  probably  both  here  and  in  the  ants,  as  in  some  gen- 


!   I 


THE  FLOKISSANT  LAKE  1JA8IN. 


20 


em  of  plants,  it  will  appear  that  there  are  vast  numbers  of  a  single  species  -, 
a  great  'luiny  specimens  are  represented  by  bodies  only,  or  these  accom- 
panied by  insignificant  fragments  of  wings,  but  even  putting  all  these  aside 
thc'o  remain  a  goodly  number  with  tolerably  perfect  wings,  and  some  in 
which  almost  every  part  of  the  body  is  preserved ;  taken  as  a  whole,  how- 
ever, they  are  perhaps  less  perfect  than  specimens  of  almost  any  other  fam- 
ily. There  are  a  dozen  or  more  Stratiomyidje,  of  two  or  three  species,  and 
several  species  of  I\Iidasidii'  or  Hirmoneurida?,  one  admirable  specimen  of 
the  latter  family  having  been  described  as  belonging  to  a  new  genus  under 
the  name  of  Palembohis  Horigerus.  There  are  nearly  half  a  hundred  Asi- 
lida3  and  Therevidte,  many  of  them  exquisitely  preserved,  some  of  great 
size,  and  among  them  a  fair  variety  of  forms.  Bombylidai  .are  somewhat 
less  abundant,  but  show  some  superb  specimens  of  great  size  and  in  won- 
derful preservation;  there  are  certainly  six  or  eight  species.  Syrphidoe  are 
more  abundant  than  the  last,  neai'ly  fifty  specimens  iiaving  been  found  in 
which  tlie  patterns  of  the  abdominal  colors  are  generally  well  marked,  and 
among  which  wo  find  a  considerable  variety;  they  have  been  studied  '-y 
one  very  fannliar  with  that  group.  Dr.  S.  W.  Williston,  and  the  results  of 
his  examinations  are  given  in  hln  Synopsis  of  the  North  American  SyrphidiT3 
(pi).  281-283),  published  by  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  There  is  a  vast 
host  of  iluscidii'  and  allied  groups,  of  which  no  account  has  yet  been  taken, 
and  with  wliidi  no  doubt  many  other  forms  are  still  commingled,  but  three 
or  four  species  of  very  pretty  Ortalidai  may  be  mentioned  with  ten  or  a 
dozen  si)ecimens,  and  there  are  a  large  number  of  Empidae. 

A  few  Lepidoptera  occur.  The  butterflies,  seven  in  number,  have  been 
described  in  the  Eighth  Annual  Report  of  the  present  Geological  Survey. 
They  all  represent  distinct  and  extinct  genera.  Six  of  the  seven  belong  to 
the  Nymphalidii',  the  seventh  to  the  Fieriuic.  Of  the  Nymplialidic  all  but 
one  are  Vanessidi.  The  e?:ception  is  of  special  interest,  since  it  belongs  to 
the  Libythoina^  the  family  of  living  butterflies  the  most  meager  in  numbers, 
thougli  found  in  every  (piarter  of  the  globe.  To  be  able  to  add  that  still 
an  eightli  butterfly,  found  since  the  others  were  described,  belongs  to  a 
second  extinct  genus  of  Libytheinu-  (which  I  have  called  liarbarothea)  is 
certainly  marvelous.  Besides  these  1  have  set  aside  about  a  dozen  speci- 
mens of  perhaps  eight  species  of  moths,  but  they  are  obscure,  mostly  of 
small  size,  perhaps  Pyralidai  or  Tortricidic,  and,  excepting  one  described  in 


30 


TKKTIAKY  INHECTS  Ol'  NORTH  AMKltlCA. 


this  work,  lm\<!  lot  bfuu  uriticiilly  stiidiod.  A  siiifrlo  ciiterpilliif  luis  hcoii 
found,  imd  tlio  stnictiiro  of  its  skin  has  boeii  stiidind  by  Dr.  C  S.  Miuot,' 
but  without  any  very  satisfactory  results. 

No  Ilymeuoptera  iiave  yet  been  described.  About  a  dozen  specimens 
are  referred  to  Apicbi!  and  Andreni(he ;  .se\  eral  species  are  represented,  but 
most  of  tliem  are  badly  preserved;  the  hMfj^est  appears  to  boa  lk)nd)us. 
Of  Vespida'  and  other  hir<^e  wasp-Uko  Uynu  noptera  about  seventy  or 
eighty  specimens  have  been  found,  reftirable  to  about  thirty  sjiecies,  one  of 
whidi  is  a  hu'^^c  ScoHa  or  allied  f,'enns;  several  are  Sphegida',  including  an 
Ainniophila;  one,  which  seems  to  be  a  Polistes,  shows  traces  of  a  blue- 
f^reeii  metallic  tint;  another,  apparently  one  of  the  Ponipilidu",  represents  a 
species  vitli  a  large  sul)apical  fnligincuis  spot  on  the  wing;  another,  perhaps 
of  the  same  family,  has  a  circular  clear  spot  in  the  center  of  the  wing,  sur- 
rounded with  fuliginous  The  ants  are  the  most  numerous  of  all  insects  at 
Floris.sant,  com[)rising,  perhaps,  a  fourth  of  all  the  specimens;  they  form 
more  than  three-fourths,  perhaps  toiir-lifths,  of  all  the  Ilymeuoptera;  1 
have  already  about  four  thousand  specimens  of  perhaps  (ifty  sjiecies  (very 
likely  many  more);  they  are  mostly  Formicid;e,  l)Ut  there  are  not  a  few 
Mvrmicidie  and  .sc>me  I'onerida'.  I  have  noticed  no  Mutillidje.  Ichneu- 
uionid.e  are  very  numerous;  of  minuter  forms,  having  an  expanse  of  wing 
of  less  than  a  centimeter,  there  are  nearly  two  hundred  specimens,  unusually 
well  preserved;  judging  from  a  (!ur.sory  examination  they  are  exceedingly 
numerous  in  species,  jx-rhaps  eighty  all  told,  and  many  genera  are  repre- 
sented; the  larger  forms,  whose  wings  expand  more  than  a  centimeter,  are 
even  more  numerous  both  in  species  and  individuals,  and  most  of  them  are 
very  Hno,  including  a  great  variety,  among  which  are  especially  noticeable 
a  good  assortment  of  species  of  Pimpla  and  allied  genera  ;  1  have  htoked 
in  vain  for  I'elecinus,  or  any  long-tailed  Uliyssa-  or  Thalessa'.  The  Hra- 
(•oiii<la',  ( 'lialcidida-,  ('ynipidic,  and  Chrysidje,  exceedingly  few  fossil  spe- 
cies (if  which  have  ever  been  described,  are  very  abundant,  but  have  not 
been  fairlv  separated  t'rom  each  other  and  from  (»ther  small  species; 
together  they  number  nearly  two  liuiidreil  ;ind  lifty  specimens  and  j)robably 
lifty  sp(M'ies;  among  others  tliert;  is  a  Chrysis,  showing  m(!tallic  green 
reflections  on  tlu  ai)domen,  and  also  more  than  half  a  d(»zen  s|)ecies  of 
( ;lialcidid;e,  with  expanded   ftMiiura,  represented  by  over  twenty  specimen.s. 

'  Arch.  ('.  iiiikr.  AiiHt.,  vol. -JH,  mi.  KMT,  1S86. 


TIIK  FLORISSANT  hAKK  HA8IN. 


81 


Kinully,  thoro  aro  about  rtixty  Totitliro(lini(ln'  of  fourteuii  or  hftooii  specios 
jiiid  8(jv(>riil  jjfoiiora,  bosidos  a  single  spocics  of  Urocerifbi!. 

Aiiiiiuil  roinaina  Itosides  thoao  of  in.s(>ctrt  are  rare  at  FIorisHant.  Tbo 
most  iiljiiiiilaiit  is  a  apedos  of  thin-Hljcllod  Planorbls,  which  is  not  uncoiii- 
inon,  iiiid  ahvfiys  occurs  in  a  more  or  loss  crushed  condition;  it  is  the  only 
niollusk  yet  found  there  (exceptin}:^  a  I'hysa  or  allied  form  and  a  single 
small  spe»  iinen  of  a  bivalve,  referred  to  above  in  the  section  from  the  south- 
(!rn  lake),  and  acconlin}^  to  Dr.  C  A.  White  is  probably  undoscribed,  al- 
though very  siuiilar  to  a  species  found  in  the  Green  Uiver  shales,  differing 
from  it  principally  in  its  smaller  size. 

Fishes  rank  next  in  niunbers.  Kight  species  have  been  found,  belong- 
ing t(t  four  genera.  Of  Amiithe  we  have  Amia  scutata  and  A.  dictyocephala  ; 
of  Cyi)rinodonts,  Trichophanes  foliaruui  and  T.  copei;  of  Catostomida^ 
Ainyzon  pandatum,  A.  connnune.  and  A.  fusifonne;  and  of  Silurida*,  Rhin- 
eastes  pectinatus.  All  the  species  have  been  described  by  Cope,  excepting 
T.  copei,  which  was  published  by  Osborn,  Scott,  and  Speir. 

Several  bird's  feathers  have  been  found  in  these  beds,  and  a  single  tol- 
erably perfect  passerine  bird,  with  bones  pud  feathers,  has  been  described 
by  Mr.  .1.  A.  Allen  under  the  luime  of  Pahi'ospiza  bella,  and  admirably 
illustrated  l)y  HIake.  No  other  figure  of  a  Florissant  animal  has  yet  been 
published,  liesides  these,  (Jope  has  described  a  j)lover,  Charedinus  sliep- 
pardianus,  ami  writes  that  a  finch  is  also  found  in  these  beds. 

The  plants,  tiiough  less  abundant  than  the  insects,  are  exceedingly 
numerous,  several  thousand  specimens  having  been  studied  by  the  late  Mr. 
Leo  Lescpiereiix.  AI)out  one  hundred  and  sixty  species  have  been  described 
or  indicated,  of  which  the  apetalous  plants  show  the  larger  number,  sixty- 
eight  species;  the  next  most  abuiulant  group  is  the  polypetalous  division, 
forty  species,  the  gamopetalous  having  twenty-five,  the  Ooniferas  eight,  and 
the  lower  plants  nineteen  species. 

Among  tlui  ex(»genous  plants  the  following  polypetalous  families  are  rep- 
resented :  the  Malvaceu'  l)y  a  rare  species  of  Slerculia,  besides  some  flowers 
with  long  st.'inens,  which  are  referred,  d(  ubtfully,  to  the  genus  Bombax. 
Of  Tiliacea-,  .i  species  of  Tilia  has  been  f;Mind.  Of  Rutaceje,  one  species  of 
Ailanthus  and  one  of  Xanthoxylon.  \o  less  than  ten  species  of  Rhus  rep- 
resent the  Anacardiacea^  and  two  species  each  of  Paliurus  and  Rhamnus 
the  Rhamnacea'.     The  ( !el<istrace!v  show  three  species  of  Celastrns  and  one 


u 


32 


TKKTIAItV  INSHCTH  OK  NOKTIl  AMEUIOA. 


of  Cola.Hti*itcrt,  known  only  by  ii  few  IciiveH.  The  Sapindiici'ii'  ure  very 
lUunoi'onH  in  individiuilH;  ii  s|HMiit'H  of  Actr  i«  roprosontud  hy  hfiivcs,  flowors, 
uiid  fruits,  lint  not  yet  das'Tilufd ;  Iciivt^s  of  ii  Stiipliyli'ii  occur  witli  fivo 
Hpociuri  of  SupinduH  and  ono  of  l)odona>a.  Tlio  Hora  lias  a  largo  nundn'r 
of  Lcginninosa',  (Oovcn  spocioH  occurring,  (»f  oiglit  gonora,  CytisuH,  Dal- 
bcrgia,  OrciH,  I'odogoniuni,  Cassia,  Loguniinosites,  Aca«'ia  and  Miinositcs; 
Lt's(|UL'reiix  fornu'rly  rcforrod  Homo  of  tlicni  to  Wobinia  and  Coliitoa.  Tlio 
Rosacea'  show  an  Aniygoaius,  leaves  of  K(»sa,  and  a  sp(>cies  of  Spira'H, 
with  very  Hnoly  preserved  heaves  of  an  Anielancliier,  scarcely  distinguish- 
able from  sonjc  of  the  varieties  of  the  living  species.  Nunn^rous  leaves  of 
Weinniaiuiia  of  tiuce  species  re|)reseiit  the  Saxifragacea',  and,  finally,  a 
species  of  Aralia  and  another  of  lledera,  tlie  Araliactta-. 

Among  the  gamopetalons  plants  the  Ericacea'  are  represented  i)y  what 
is  probably  V^iccinium  reticulatum  Al.  IJr.,  together  with  a  species  of  An- 
dromeda; no  less  than  six  species  of  Ilex  represent  the  A(|uifoliacea';  two 
of  Diospyros,  and  oiu'  each  of  Muinelia  and  Macreightia,  the  8apotac(sv:  a 
species  of  .Myrsine,  so  common  in  the  Kuropean  Tertiaries,  but  in  our  coun- 
try represented  only  by  this  single  leaf,  the  Myrsinea'.  Ccmvolvulacea' 
show  two  specit's  of  I'orana,  and  the  Apocynacea'  a  single  species  of  Apo- 
cynophyllinn.'  Oleacea-  hav^  a  flowering  branch  of  Olea  and  eight  species 
of  Fraxinus,  one  regarded  as  identical  with  a  European  Tertiary  plant. 

The  apetalons  angiosperms  show  a  great  variety  of  forms  at  Florissant, 
and  among  them  many  are  referred  to  species  from  foreign  Tortiaries.  A 
species  of  Manksia  and  seven  of  Lomatia  represijiit  the  l'roteacoa>;  a  species 
of  Pimelia  the  Thyinelacea' ;  one  of  Santalum  the  Santalaceiv.  Urticaceic 
are  the  most  luimerous  of  all  plants;  four  species  of  Ulmus  occur,  one 
found  also  in  the  European  Tertiarie.s;  another  formerly  thought  to  be  iden- 
tical with  a  second  European  species  but  now  regarded  as  distiiu't,  and  two 
t>thers,  one  of  them  found  also  in  western  Colorado;  of  Celtis  there  is  one 
species,  whose  loaves  have  a  close  af!inity  to  the  existing  C.  occidentalis  and 
its  Texan  variety :  two  species  of  Ficus  are  identical  witii  European  species: 
but  the  mass  of  specimens — nearly  or  quite  one-half  of  all  that  have  been 
brought  from  this  locality — represent  species  of  I'laiiera;  two  species  oidy 
occur,  one;,  identical  with  a  European  form;  the  other  known  oidy  from  Flo- 
rissant and  the  White  IJiver,  and  in  the  former  very  variable;   Les(juereu.\ 

'  III  tlic  ti-xl  111"  IjJH  liiNt  rt'imrl  l.(«i|ui'r"iix  relors  tlilH  to  Alkali,  Wjoiniiig,  lull  in  his  lal)I"  to  Klorin 

Mtllt. 


THE  FI.OUI88ANT  LAKK  BAHIN. 


88 


hRH  8(*on  lit  loiiHt  two  tlioiiHHiid  HpociiiuMis.  'I'liu  Jii^liiiuliKU'ii*  iiro  repre- 
Hciiti'd  \>y  HJii^le  Hpuc.iiiiLMis  (if  l't(M'onii-y)i  iiiiu'i'iouiii  and  Ju^liins  tliui'iiiiiliH, 
ImHidoH  two  otlicr  wpecioH  otMii^'liiiif*,  one  of  tlioiii  Miiropciin,  tliri't)  of  ( Jiiryu, 
all  Kui'opcan,  aiidoiK!  Ktij^t'lliardtia,  also  Kiin>p«'tiii.  Thu  (!iipiilifi>ia-Hliow 
oim  HpiM'it's  uacli  of  Ostrya  and  Castaiu-a,  tlirco  (»f  Cai'piiiUH,  ouo  of  them 
Kui'opeaii,  and  Huveu  of  (^utinniH,  of  which  live  are  Kuropcan  sperins.  'I'ho 
Myricaixw  are  the  next  most  ahunchmttype  after  i'lanera,  \mutr  represented 
by  no  less  than  fit'teen  specieH  of  Myriea,  of  wliictli  six  are  Knropean.  Of 
Hetulacea'  two  speeieH  of  Detnia  oeeiir  and  two  of  Alinis,  one  of  tlie  latter 
Enropean.  Salicaeea'  are  toleraldy  ahnndant;  there  are  fonr  species  of 
I'opnius,  all  now  re^jardod  as  Knropean,  thoufrh  licsipiereux  first  looked  on 
them  as  new;  and  two  pecnliar  species  of  Salix,  hesiiU^s  four  identical  with 
Knropean  species.  Kinally,  there  an*  ohm  or  two  nndet<M'inined  plants  in 
this  j^ronp  re])resented  l)y  parts  of  flowers  or  seeds. 

Anioiiff  the  ( !onifera'  there  is  considerable  variety,  eiyht  species  occur- 
rinjj^,  of  six  f^enera,  nmstof  them  represented  in  the  Enropc^an  flora.  There 
are,  first,  two  species  of  I'inns,  one  Enropean;  a  speci«;s  of  Widdringtonia; 
well  preserved  branches  of  a  European  'I'axodinm;  al)nndant  remains  of  a 
Enropean  Glyptostrobns ;  a  couple  of  leaves  of  a  European  Podocarpus; 
as  well  as  two  species  of  Se(pioia,  one  European,  the  other  indi<>enonH. 
The  pre.sence  of  the  last-named  jfenus  is  als(»  well  attested  "l)y  their  cones 
and  by  the  remains  of  <fi<(antic  silicified  trunks  in  an  erect  position. 

Finally,  in  the  lower  orders  of  plants  the  following  have  been  found: 
Of  the  Palniii",  a  lar<;e  specimen  of  a  Sabal  and  a  fruit  referred  to  Palmo- 
carpon ;  of  the  Aracea',  a  species  of  A(!orus,  first  descrii)ed  from  Spitzen- 
bery;  of  the  Typhacea',  finely  preserved  leaves  of  a  Typha;  of  the  Naiad- 
acea',  two  species  of  I'otamofjfeton  and  one  of  Najadopsls;  of  the  Lemna- 
ceiv,  n  species  of  Lemna;  of  the  Ciramineas  fra<fmiMits  f»f  leaves  of  I'hrajr- 
mites;  of  Filices,  numerous  specimens  of  five  genera,  Splienopteris,  Adian- 
titCK,  r.astra'a,  I'teris,  and  Diplaxium,  the  last  a  European  species;  of  llhiz- 
ocarpa',  many  specimcMis  of  two  species  of  Salvinia;  of  Musci,  one  species 
each  of  Fontinalis  and  Ilypniun,  and  of  Characeic,  two  specimens  of  a 
Chara. 

Accordini^  to  .Mr.  Loscpiereanx,  such  an  assc'mbla.<«'e  of  plants  indicates 
a  climate  like  that  o*"  tiie  northern  shores  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  our  epoch. 
"The   |)reponderanc(i  of  conifers,  of  shrubs,     ...     of  trees  of  small 

VOL  XIII 3 


84 


TKIITIAHY  INSKtTS  OF  NOItTII  AMIUMdA. 


hIzo,  .  .  .  jjivcs  to  tli(>  tlorii  u  ;r(itu'nil  iiKpt'cf  which  recalls  tlint  «>f  tho 
vo^t'tatinn  of  u|)Iiiii(Ih  or  vnllcyH  of  moiintiiiiirt."  I'ahiis  an*  ahimst  ciitinOy 
iihstMit,  only  a  siii;;l('  spcciiiH'ii  of  oiu)  species  of  Salial  lui\  iii;j  oeem  red,  with 
11  fruit  of  I'almocarpoii.  "The  leaves  of  some  species  are  extreiiieK  mimer- 
otis,  none  of  tlieni  crninph'il,  t'oMed,  or  rolled,  as  if  driven  l)y  currents,  lint 
Hat,  as  if  thuy  had  been  embedded  in  the  muddy  surface  of  the  bottom  wlu^n 
falliu<r  from  the  trees  or  shrubs  alon^  thu  borders  of  a  lak(\"  . 

It  is  reinarl\al)le  for  the  almost  complete  abseiu'c  of  lianl  fruits,  and 
this,  with  the  presence  of  Howers,  of  unriptt  carpels  of  elm  and  maple,  and 
of  well-preserved  branches  of  Taxodium,  which  in  the  livin;^'  species  "are 
mostly  detached  and  thrown  upon  the  ;,'round  in  winter  time  or  early 
s|>rin;i-,"  led  Mr  liCSipiereaux  to  l»elieve  that,  the  deposition  of  the  ve;;-eta- 
ble  inaterial.s  took  place  in  thu  spring  time,  and  that  thu  lake  j,mid»ially 
driud  during  Hunmier. 

To  this  wo  may  add  that  the  ocpurrciico  of  Acorus,  of  Typha,  and  espe- 
cially of  Potamogeton,  leads  to  thu  conclusion  that  thu  wat«'r  of  thu  lake 
was  fresh,  and  not  saline  or  i)ra{dvish,  e(pially  proved  by  thu  fish,  acc«>rdiiig 
to  Cope,  and  by  thu  prusuncu  of  larvic  «>f  Odouata  and  other  insects  whose 
earlier  stages  are  passed  only  in  fresh  water 

Neither  thu  groups  of  lishes  which  have  lu-eii  founil,  nor  thu  water-plants, 
nor  thu  water-insects,  nor  thu  mollusks  exclude  .Mr.  Les(piereux'^  sugges- 
tion of  thu  annual  drying  of  tlu*  body  of  the  lake:  moreover,  certain  thin 
layers  are  found  overlying  coarser  deposits,  which  are  sun-cracked  through 
and  through.  Hut,  on  the  other  hand,  the  thickness  of  the  paper  shales,  upon 
which  mc:<t  of  the  fo.ssil  remains  are  found,  and  which  are  composed  of 
uniform  layurs  of  triturated  Hakes  of  v(dcanic  products,  la-ing  necessarily 
the  result  of  thu  loug-contiuuud  action  of  water,  excludes  this  idea.  'I'he 
structure  of  the  rocks  rather  indicates  a  (piiet  dej  >ition  of  the  mat«'rials 
in  an  iinruHled  lake  through  l(»ng  periixls,  interrupted  at  intervals  i)y  the 
influx  of  new  lava-Hows  or  thu  burying  of  the  bott(»m  sediments  beneath 
heavy  showers  of  V(di'aiiic  ashe.s. 

The  testimony  of  the  few  tishes  to  the  climate  of  thu  time  is  not  unlike 
thatof  the  plant.s,  suggesting  a  climate.  Prof  K.  I),  ('ope  infiMins  me,  like  that 
at  present  found  in  latitude;  3.")^  in  the;  riiited  States;  while  the  in.sects,  t'roni 
which,  when  they  are  completelv  studied,  we  may  certainly  draw  more 
definite  conclusions,  ap]iear  from  their  general  ensendde  to  prove  the  same 


I  { 


TIIK  I'l.omSSANT  LAKI-;  IIAHIN. 


86 


or  II  Moiih'wlmt  wiiniuT  «'liiimt(t.  Il'wt'  iiM|iiir()  wlnit  t«'Htiiii()ii\  tlic  lowur 
orders  (il  FlonHHuiit  iiimM-fH  Itciir  to  tlut  cliiiiutc  of  timt  diMtrirt  in  'I'ertiury 
tiiiu'n,  there  is  only  oixt  niiswer  to  Ito  jfivuii:  the  present  tlistrihiiMon  of 
their  iillioK  certiiiiily  points  to  u  <!onsi(l(!riil»ly  wiirnior  «'iiiMiitu  thiiii  nt>w — ii 
••linmte  whieli  may,  perhaps,  host  ho  coinpared  to  the  niiddht  zonci  of  our 
Sonthern  Statcfs.  'V\w  jxnown  liviii}^  sp«'cies  of  tiie  |;eneiii  to  which  thcty 
h(don<;-  ant  in  ^^cneral  cnnlitiMl  to  rcf^ions  lil\e  (Jeor;^ia  in  this  country  and 
the  t\vi»  sjiores  of  tho  .Modit(trranean  in  Knro|»e,  or  oven  more  southern 
districts.  Further  remarks  on  t'.UH  point  will  he  found  in  tlu)  hody  of  tho 
volume. 

As  noted  ahove,  tiie  supe/ahundance  (»f  specimens  of  sinjrlo  species  of 
plants  (I'lanera  and  Myrica)  is  repeated  in  the  insects,  where  certain  Hpo- 
cies  of  Korniici<la' aniony;  llynuMutptera,  of  |{ii)ionida'  anion;-'  Diptera,  of 
(■ercopida  and  of  Alvdina  amon;^  Heniipteni,  iiw,  to  l,e  counted  Ijy  tifticH 
and  hundreds. 

Tlie  only  other  yeiieral  feature  wliich  may  already  \ki  noted  among 
the  insects  is  an  mie.xpected  paucity  of  arpuitic  larvai  or  tiie  imagos  of 
water-insects.  Hardly  a  dozen  iieuropterous  larvae  have  coiiie  to  hand, 
very  few  a(|natic  lleiniptera  in  any  sta^c,  and  of  llydnipliilida'  and  other 
water  heetles  no  ^^reat  iinmlier.  The  paucity  of  neiiropteroiis  larvie  is  the 
more  reiiiarka))le  from  the  abundance  of  I'hry^^anidie,  while  not  a  sin^rlu 
larva-case  has  hieii  found. 

As  to  the  a;^e  of  these  deposits,  the  opiiiitnis  of  lies([uer(U.\,  hasetl  on 
the  study  of  Tertiary  plants,  and  of  Cope,  drawn  from  his  knowledge  of 
Tertiary  lishes,  are  far  more  harmonious  than  one  would  expect  from  their 
known  iliveii^ence  of  view  concerning  the  testimony  of  the  fo.ssils  to  tho 
age  of  other  Tertiary  beds  in  tho  West.  Such  dis[)arity  of  ideas  did  iadd  at 
first,  Mr.  Lesfpiereux  maintaining  in  his  earlier  notices  of  the  flora  the 
probability  of  its  later  Miocene  age;  in  the  Tertiary  Flora  he  placed  it  in 
the  "  I'ltpcr  (ireeii  K'iver"  <livision  of  his  "fourth  group,"  togetli(>r  with  the 
flora  of  Flko,  Nevada,  the  (ireen  Itiver  beds  being  placed  directly  beneatli 
them.  Ill  lliiydeii's  report  for  1876  ho  refers  the  Florissant  deposits  lo  the 
u|)per  Miocene.  In  his  review  of  Saporta's  Monde  des  IMantes,'  while  still 
considering  this  Hora  as  Miocene,  he  jioints  out  certain  important  relations 
whit'li  it   b(!ars  to  the  flora  of  Aix,  in  IVoveiicc,  then  considered  as  Eocene. 


'  Ainer.  .loiir.  Sci.,  Her.  ;t,  vol.  IT,  ISTD,  ji.  -iTJ, 


■Ill 


i 


36 


TERTIARY  INSKCT8  OF  NORTH  AMKHICA. 


Hut  later,  after  a  iMore  caivt'ul  revision,  ilrawu  from  more  cNteiuleil  sources, 
lie  writes  that  while,  l)y  the  presence  of  many  <feiiera,  "  there  is  an  evident 
relation  of  the  Florissant  thu'a  with  that  of  the  Euroi)ean  Miocene,  yet  by 
theaflhiities  and  even  identity  of  some  of  the  species  uith  those*  of  tlm  Hora 
of  the  gvpsum  of  Aix,  whic^h,  accordin<>'  to  Saporta,  includes  types  related 
to  those  of  the  whole  extent  of  the  Tertiaries  from  tlu*  upj)ei'  (Cretaceous  to 
the  Olifjfocene  and  above,  1  should  rather  refer  this  group  to  the  lower  Mio- 
cene or  Ollgocem*." 

iioth  Les(|uereux  and  Cope  agree  in  placing  the  Florissant  beds  at  the 
same  horizon  as  those  of  lOlko,  Nevada,  ami  also  those  directly  altove  the 
Fish-cut  beds  at  Green  River,  Wyoming.  Les(|uereux  has  identical  species 
alsi>  from  White  River,  Colorado,  among  specimens  conumniicated  by  Mr. 
Denton.  Cope  calls  the  Florissant  and  Klko  deposits  the  Amyzon  beds, 
from  the  prevalence  of  that  type  of  fish,  and  n^fers  them  to  the  "later  FiOceno 
or  early  ^^iocene."  Mr.  (^larence  King  places  the  (Jreeii  River  deposits  in 
the  middle  Focene,  but  considers  the  Klko  deposits  of  the  same  age.  We 
mav  therefore  provisionnlly  conclude,  from  the  evidence  aH'orded  by  the 
plants  and  vertebrates,  that  the   Florissant  beds  belong  in  or  near  the  Oli- 


gocene. 


At  })resent  no  geological  conclusions  ciin  he  drawn  from  what  is  known 
of  the  insects.  80  far  as  specific  and  generic  dcrcrMiiiiatioMs  has  proceeded, 
scarcely  anvthing  identical  has  been  found  in  the  (Incn  b'ivcrand  Floris- 
sant beds,  but  some  rcmiirkalde  alHnities  luive  licen  miticed.  'To  attempt, 
however,  to  draw  any  conclusion  as  to  the  age  of  either  of  these  deposits, 
atid  especially  of  tiiat  of  Flori.ssant,  before  a  cl<»ser  examination  is  made 
would  be  folly.  Almctst  the  entire  series  of  fossil  insects  from  the  beds  of 
Aix,  Oeningen,  and  Radidioj  recpiires  a  careful  generic  revision,  and  until 
this  is  done  it  will  ])e  difHcult  to  make  nuich  use  of  the  inf'()rmati(»n  given 
us  in  the  works  of  European  atithors.  This  should  not  be  considered  as 
reflecting  upon  the  character  of  these  works,  for  it  must  be  remembered 
that  they  were  nearly  all  completed  thirty  years  ago  and  could  not  be 
expected  to  meet  present  demands.  It  i.s,  indeed,  pr(d>able  that  the  richer 
.Vmerican  fields,  the  exploitation  of  which  has  onlv  just  begun,  mav  yet  be 
found  the  best  basis  for  the  study  of  the  relationship  of  the  Tertiary  insect 


fj 


aujias  o 


f  Eur 


ope. 


White  ///vrr.— Fossil  insects  were  first  d 


iscovered  on  the  lower  White 
River  ni  western  ('olorado  and  eastt  rn  I'tah  by  Mr.  William   Dunton  during 


\k 


OTUEU  TKUTIAUY  INSEOT  LOCALITIES. 


37 


his  passiigo  down  the  river  on  horseback  in  ISGf),  and  his  brief  and  cursory 
account  of  the  {^eoloiiical  structure  of  the  region  is,  I  believe,  the  first  and 
only  one  until  the  parties  of  the  Ilayden  Survey  entered  the  region  ten  or 
more  years  later.  IJrief  reports  of  the  geological  and  topographical  character 
of  the  country  were  made  by  Drs.  C.  A.  White  and  F.  M.  Endlich,  and 
Messrs.  G.  Ji.  Chittenden  and  G.  K.  Bechler.  None  of  these,  however, 
obtained  any  insects,  excei)ting  Dr.  White,  who  in  a  single  locality  found  a 
few  poor  specimens;  On  a  visit  to  the  place  in  tiie  summer  of  1889,  how- 
ever, I  was  able  to  rediscover  the  beds  in  which  they  were  found  by  Mr. 
Denton  east  of  the  Colorado- Utah  line,  and  to  greatly  extend  the  .stations  at 
which  they  could  be  found.  In  the  two  localities  on  the  lower  White  River 
where  Denton  found  fossil  insects,  "Chagrin  Valley"  and  "Fossil  Cafion," 
as  he  called  them  the  general  toi)ographi('al  features  were  the  same,  bluffs 
or  buttes  of  a  thousand  or  more  feet  in  thickness  being  composed  of  eveidy 
bedded  stnitiiied  deposits.  '•Chagrin  Valley  "  nuist  be  identified  with  the 
valley  of  l)(niglas  Creek,  though  it  was  not  iiere  but  five  or  si.x  miles  lower 
down  the  Wliite  River  that  Denton  really  obtained  his  fos^Ms,  at  a  point 
where,  to  one  traveling  westward.  Green  River  beds  first  appear  in  mass  and 
are  readily  accessible,  probably  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Canon  Butte, 
where  the  old  Indian  trail  on  the  south  side  of  theriver  cuts  off  u  sharp  bend 
and  i)asses  directly  over  nuiny  favorable  outcrops.  It  was  in  fact  at  pre- 
ci.selv  this  i)liice  that  I  obtained  from  the  rocks  collections  aj^reein"*  most 

••I  o  P^ 

clo.sely  in  general  appearance  and  character  with  tiiose  secured  by  Denton 
This  locality  is  in  Colorado  a  few  miles  east  of  the  Utah  boundary.  His 
other  locality  is  representtMl  by  him  to  be  fifty  or  si.x ty  miles  farther  down 
the  river,  l)ut  still  at  scnne  distance  from  its  mouth.  The  distance  is  no 
doubt  exaggerated,  and  the  locality  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  certainly 
in  Utah,  nt>t  improbably  near  the  mouth  of  Red  Hlufl"  Wash.  I  made  no 
■search  for  this  place. 

It  may  in  brief  be  said  that  the  Green  River  beds  in  the  bluffs  on  each 
side  of  the  White  liiver  Cafion  near  the  boundary  line  between  Utah  ami 
Colorado,  but  especially  on  the  northerii  side,  are  filled  for  over  a  thousand 
feet  with  insect  remains;  the  highest  and  the  lowest  bed:;  respectively 
yielded  me  the  best  results,  but  hardly  a  level  could  be  fouiul  where  patient 
search  did  not  reveal  some  relics,  though  perhaps  of  no  value;  the  more 
l)rolific  beds  v  ere  oftentimes  simply  crammed  with  remains,  frequently  in 


i 


Ii 


38 


TKBTlAJtY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTH  AMERICA. 


an  exfjiiisite  state  of  preservation.  Vegetsible  remains,  excejtting'  of  a  very 
fragmentary  natui'o,  wore  rare,  and  most  of  the  insects,  like  (hose  obtained 
by  Denton,  of  a  small  size;  excepting',  indeed,  dipterous  larva-,  which  were 
found  in  quite  incredible  numbers,  square  rods  of  stone  near  the  liigher 
levels  being-  absolutely  covered  with  them  in  nniltitudes  of  places. 

'i'he  insects  obtained  by  ^Ir.  Denton  and  Dr.  White  atthe.se  localities  are 
all  included  in  the  present  volume,  but  no  reference  is  made  to  those  found 
by  myself  in  1881).  The  age  of  the  deposit  can  hardh-  be  said  to  be  as  yet 
determined,  but  the  leaves  found  by  Mr.  Denton  (presumably  at  "Fossil 
Canon")  were  regarded  by  Mr.  Lescjuereux  as  more  certaiidy  syn<'hronous 
with  those  of  Floris.sant  than  with  those  of  the  Green  Kiver  beds,  and  in 
any  event  all  tinee  are  of  very  nearly  the  same  age. 

Grcni  Ilircr,  Wiioiu'ukj. — All  the  insects  described  in  this  volume  from 
Green  Hiver  were  obtained  at  a  single  spot,  next  what  is  known  as  the  Fish- 
Cut,  where  the  railway  cuts  through  the  rocks,  about  three  or  four  kilome- 
ters west  of  the  crossing  of  Green  Iliver.  Kven  here  they  have  been  found 
only  within  the  conq)a.ss  of  one  or  two  square  meters  of  ground,  and  by 
repeated  visits  this  "pocket"  has  now  been  entirely  chipped  away.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  other  etpially  prolific  pockets  will  be  found  in  the  .same 
innnediate  vicinity,  especially  in  the  more  favoral)le  ex|)osures  east  of  the 
river,  as  one  such  was  found  during  the  sunnner  of  1S8!I.  It  is  by  no  means 
improbable  that  the  beds  at  this  locality  and  tho.se  at  White  Kiver  may 
prove  to  belong  to  the  floor  of  one  and  the  same  Tertiary  lake  to  which 
Kinjif  (jave  the  name  of  Gosiute  Lake.  About  one  hundred  and  fiftv 
different  insects  have  Ix'cn  fonml  here,  besides  many  others  not  vet  described. 
They  are  most  connnonly  ('oleo|)tera,  this  order  being  represented  by  fully 
one-third  of  the  species  Ilcmiptera  and  I)i|)tera  come  next  with  almost 
e(pial  representation,  or  al»out  twenty-thrcje  per  cent  each.  Next  come  the 
Ilyunioptera  with  eight  per  cent.  The  other  ordcM's  are  about  e(pially  and 
meagerlv  represented,  th»;  Lepidoptera  not  at  all. 

Fossil.  Wjidiii'mii. — A  few  species  of  in.sects  have  been  found  in  the 
binft's  f'a/'ing  tin;  t<»wn  of  Fossil  at  the  head  of  Twin  ( !r('ek.  a  tril)utarv  of 
Hear  River,  l)lnfis  which  ai'e  {'anions  for  the  iunnense  numlier  of  fossil  fish 
they  have  furnished.  .Vs  a  rule  the  inscjcts  are  scarce,  and,  like  the  fisji, 
behnig  to  a  very  liiniteil  nnnil»er  of  species,  in  this  case  mostl\-  C'oleoptera 
and  Diptera.     In  the  present  work  only  two  or  tlcee  are  menti(»ned. 


OTHER  TKKTIAKY  INSECT  LOCALITIES. 


39 


Horse  Creel;  Wi/ominf/. — At  a  point  three  miles  south  of  this  creek, 
which  empties  into  the  Green  River  from  the  west  near  its  source,  and 
about  two  miles  west  of  Green  River,  a  thin,  hard  hiyer  of  white  limestone 
was  found  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale  covered  with  petrified  larval  cases  of  caddis- 
flies,  which  are  described  below  under  the  name  of  Indusia  calculosa. 

Qiir.sncl,  British  Columbia. — The  discovery  of  the  different  localities  for 
fossil  inaect.s  in  British  Columbia  by  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada  has 
been  due  entirely  to  the  investigations  of  Dr.  George  M.  Dawson.  On  the 
left  bank  of  the  Fraser  River,  at  the  town  of  Quesnel,  he  discovered  a  series 
of  clays,  sands,  and  graveis,  their  upturned  edges  covered  by  the  valley 
deposits,  in  one  of  which  series  (a  stratum  of  fire-clay  eight  or  nine  inches 
thick)  insects  and  plants  were  found,  the  beds  being  exposed  on  the  river 
bank  at  a  low  stage  of  the  water.  Nearly  twenty  species  of  plants  were 
met  with,  mostly  of  apetalous  families  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Cupuli- 
fera?,  such  as  the  beech,  walnut,  oak,  birch,  and  poplar,  and  a  considerable 
number  of  insects.  Such  of  these  as  are  included  in  the  present  report  con- 
sist of  twenty-five  species,  nearly  all  Hymenoptera  and  Diptera,  and  espe- 
cially the  latter,  and,  what  is  very  unusual,  only  a  single  beetle.  Sir  Will- 
iam Dawson,  who  determined  the  plants,  regarded  them  as  to  a  great 
extent  identical  with  those  from  the  Miocene  of  Alaska,  but  adds: 
"  Whether  the  age  of  these  beds  is  Miocene  or  somewhat  older  ma}-,  how- 
ever, admit  of  doubt."  Apart  from  an  uncharacteristic  egg-cocoon  of  a 
spider,  none  of  the  insect  renrains  can  be  regarded  as  identical  with  any 
found  elsewhere. 

Nicola,  Xorth  Similkaiiieen,  ami  Nine  Mile  Creek,  British  Coliimhia. — The 
other  localities  at  which  reniains  of  insects  have  been  found,  though  in 
smaller  numbers,  lie  at  no  great  distance  apart  to  the  south  of  Quesnel  and 
south  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  near  our  own  border.  One  of 
these  localities  is  upon  the  Nicola  River,  two  miles  above  its  junction  with 
the  Coldwater,  at  the  base  of  a  series  of  beds  containing  coal.  Another  is 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Similkameen  River,  three  miles  from  its  mouth; 
the  bods  hero,  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  "include  a  layer  of  lignite  about  a 
foot  thick,  which  rests  in  black,  rather  earthy,  carbonaceous  clays,  antl  is 
overlain  by  fifteen  feet  or  more  of  very  thinly  bedded  almost  paper-like  yel- 
low gray  siliceous  shales,"  which  contain  plants  and  insects.  The  third  is  on 
Nine  Mile  Creek,  flowing  into  Wlupsaw  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Similka- 


40 


TKKTIAin'  INSECTS  OF  NORTD  AMERICA, 


nieen,  where  a  sinnll  section  of  liurd  liuniiiiited  days  occurs  with  hvyers  of 
softer  arenaceous  clay.  Seven  sj)ecies  were  obtained  from  the  first  named 
locahty,  tive  from  the  second,  and  four  from  the  tliird.  'I'he  Nicohi  locality 
is  remarkable  for  yielding;:  only  (^oleoptc^ra;  from  Nine  Mile  ('reek  come 
three  species  of  Coleoptcia  and  one  of  llemiptera;  while  the  Similkameen 
locality,  like  Quesnel,  aH'ords  us  Hynienoptera,  Diptera,  and  llemiptera — 
threes  sp.'cies  of  the  last — but  no  Coleoptera.  There  can  ))e  no  doubt,  Dr. 
Dawson  informs  me,  "that  the  specimens  from  the  Nctrth  Similkameen  and 
Nine  .Mile  ("reek  represent  deposits  in  different  portions  of  a  sinyle  lake.  A 
silicifyiny  spring,  probaljl}'  thernnil,  mu.st,  however,  have  entered  the  lake 
near  the  first-named  i)lace,  as  evidenced  by  the  character  of  some  of  the 
beds,  in  which  fragments  of  jdants,  with  a  few  fresh-water  shells,  have  been 
preserved."  The  insects  of  each  locality  are  specifically  distinct  from  those 
of  any  of  the  others  As  to  their  age.  Dr.  Daw.son,  the  only  geologist  who 
has  studied  tliem,  remarks  that  we  shall  "probably  err  little  in  contimiing 
to  call  the  1\;rtiary  deposits  of  the  interior  as  a  whole  Miocene,  and  in 
correllating  them  witli  the  beds  attributed  to  the  same  period  to  the  south- 
ward in  the  basin  Ivmg  east  of  the  Sierra  Nevada." 

Scaiboro,  Ontario. — In  the  vicinity  of  Toronto,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Ontario,  Mr.  George. I.  Ilinde  has  discovered  vegetable  and  animal  remains 
in  thin  seams  in  day  beds  which  he  regards  as  interglacial,  lying  as  they 
do  upon  a  inorainal  till  of  a  special  character  and  overlain  by  till  of  another 
and  (piite  distiiu't  kind,  llis  account  of  the  locality  and  the  reasons  for 
his  conclusions  liav(i  Ix-cn  given  by  him  in  full.'  Among  the  material  found 
bv  him  was  a  consideraI)l(>  number  of  the  elytra  and  other  |»arts  of  beetles, 
an  asseml)lage  indeed  larger  than  has  ever  before  bec^n  foinul  in  such  a 
deposit  in  any  part  of  the  world,  and  they  are  mostly  in  e.xcdlent  condi- 
tion. Twenty-nine  sj)ecies  have  been  obtained,  some  of  them  in  consider- 
able numbers.  Five  families  and  fifteen  genera  are  represented;  they  are 
largely  (Jarabida-,  there  being  >.i.\  or  seven  .species  each  of  IMatvnus  atul 
Ptei'ostichus  and  species  also  of  Patrobu.s,  liembidium,  Loricera,  and  Elajdi- 
rus.  The  ne.\t  family  in  importance  is  the  Staphylinida',  of  which  there 
are  five  genera,  (Jeodromicns,  Arpedium,  Hlediu.s,  0.\3'porus,  and  Lathro- 
bium,  each  with  a  single  species.  The  Ilydrophilida-  are  repre;<ented  by 
Ilydrochus  and  Ildophorus,  each  with  one  species;  and  the Chrys(»melida^ 


'■.<»,i 


f 


'Cuiiuiliuii  Jour.  Sfi.,  iirw  series,  vol.  1"),  1887,  pp.  388-413, 


OTHER  TKUTIAKY  INSECT  LOCALITIES. 


41 


by  two  species  of  Donacia.     Finally,  a  species  of  Scolytidai  must  have  made 
certain  borings  under  the  bark  of  juniper. 

Most  of  these  are  described  and  figured  in  the  present  volume.  Looking 
at  them  as  a  whole  and  noting  the  distribution  of  the  species  to  which  they 
seem  to  be  most  nearly  related,  they  are  plainly  indigenous  to  the  soil,  but 
would  i)erhaps  be  thought  to  have  come  from  a  somewhat  more  northern 
locality  than  that  in  which  they  were  found;  not  one  of  them  can  be 
referred  ^o  existing  sjjecies,  but  the  nearest  allies  of  not  a  few  of  them  are 
to  be  sought  in  the  Lake  Superior  and  Hudson  Bay  region,  while  the  larger 
part  are  inhabitants  of  Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  or  the  jreneral 
district  in  which  the  deposit  occurs.  In  no  single  instance  were  any  special 
affinities  found  with  any  characteristically  southern  forms,  though  several  are 
most  nearly  allied  to  species  found  there  as  well  as  in  the  north.  A  few  seem 
tc  be  most  nearly  related  to  Pacific  forms,  su(!li  as  the  Elaphrus  and  one  each 
of  the  species  of  Platynus  and  Pterostichus.  On  the  whole,  the  fauna  has 
a  boreal  aspect,  though  by  no  means  so  decidedly'boreal  as  one  would 
anticipate  under  the  circumstances. 

Port  Kcnncdif^  Penusi/liHiiiia.— The  only  locality  remaining  to  be  noticed 
is  Port  Kennedy,  in  southeastern  Pennsylvania,  where  the  clays  in  the  bone 
caves  have  furnished  about  a  dozen  species  of  Coleoptera,  described  by  Dr. 
G.  n.  Horn,  in  187G,  but  now  first  figured.  His  descriptions  are  reprinted 
in  the  present  work,  with  the  results  of  my  own  study  of  the  same  material. 


'( 


l\  I 


■  '''iWintfiiiriiiiMiMj 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  GENERA  AND  SPECIES. 


Myriapoda  from  the  Tertiary  rocks  are  almost  unknown,  a  single  species 
a  little  larger  than  ours  having  been  figured  by  Bertkau  from  liott  under 
the  name  of  lulus  anticjuus  Heyden.  Other  species  have  been  indicated. 
Serres,  for  instance,  speaks  of  one  found  near  MontpelHer,  allied  to  the  living 
I,  sabulosus,  and  this  mention  has  been  quoted  by  ^leyer,  Keferstein,  and 
Geinitz.  Hope  also  catalogues  one  from  Aix,  and  Cotta  mentions  one,  per- 
hajjs  I.  terrestris,  from  Tharand,  Saxony,  which  is  proljably  a  recent 
inclosuro,  and  is  quoted  1)y  Brullc  and  Berendt.  Besides  these  diplopods 
Hope  catalogues  a  Scolopendra  from  Aix,  and  Keferstein,  on  the  authority  of 
Aldrovandl,  mentions  a  Scolopendra  from  Glarus,  in  Switzerland. 

The  Baltic  amber,  however,  contains  a  considerable  number  of  species, 
twenty  diplopods  having  been  recorded  and  most  of  them  described,  belong- 
ing to  the  genei-a  Craspedosoma  (seven  species),  Polyxenus  (five  species), 
lulus  (four  species),  and  Euzonus,  Lophonotus,  Blauiulus,  and  I'olydesmus 
(one  species  each).  The  chilofjods  have  a  less  number  of  species,  fifteen, 
representing  the  genera  Lithobius  (eight  species),  Geophilus  (three  species), 
and  Cermatia  and  Scolopendra  (two  species  each).  All  these  genera 
excepting  Euzonus  are  represented  among  living  forms. 

The  single  species  found  in  America  belongs  to  the  diplopods,  (No- 
vember, 1881.) 

Order  :OIP»LOr»Or)A  aervais. 

Family  lULID^  Leach. 

As  in  the  case  of  the  llott  species  described  by  Bertkai*,  tiie  form 
described  below  is  only  referred  to  the  geiuis  lulus  in  a  broad  sense,  its 
preservation  being  very  dcfectivi;.     It  is  smaller  than  the  Eui-opeau  species. 

43 


li: 


I 


44  TKKTIAUY  INaiiCTS  OF  NOItTll  AMUUHJA. 

lULUS  I.iiint'. 

Il.'LUS   TEL.LII8TER. 

in.  (i,  Fig.  15. 

lidiiH  ttUimter  Siiiililtr,  Hull.  II.  8.  Ueol.  Siirv.  TiTr,,  vol.  4,  lH7rt,  p.  776. 

The  .siii<>'lo  spofimon  is  so  tVa^jini'iitiuy  that  it  can  only  l)o  rcfcircd  to 
Iiihis  ill  a  l)roa(l  yeiicrif,  .sense.  The  piece  is  coinpo.seil  of  ten  or  twelve 
se^riiu'iits,  i)rol)ahIv  from  near  the  middle  of  the  body.  Iviii"-  in  a  straiiilit 
line  and  crushed,  with  no  trace  of  any  appenda;^es.  The  sejfments  appear 
to  he  compo.sed  of  a  short  aiit'jrior  and  a  larjjer  posterior  division,  each 
indejiendenfly  and  very  slij^litly  archetl ;  the  posterior  division  is  about 
twice  as  long  as  the  anterior,  and  each  is  transversely,  regularly,  and  very 
finely  striate,  paralhd  to  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins  of  the  segments. 
The  foramina  can  be  detectcnl  on  some  of  the  segments,  and  by  their  aid 
the  width  of  the  Itody  can  be  inon^  accurately  determined. 

As  criisjied,  the  body  is  2. .'J'"'"  broad,  but  its  probable  true  width  is 
IJj""",  while  the  .segments  are  each  about  0.8'"'"  long;  the  fragment  pre- 
served measures  S.5  """  long. 

(Jreeii  liiver,  Wyoming,  one  specimen,  No.  1.54,  V.  0.  A.  Richardson. 

The  object  represtMited  on  IM.  TJ,  Fig.  1,  was  at  one  time  thought  to 
be  a  mvriapod  and  accordingly  iigmed,  but  examination  provt'd  if  to  be  the 
broken  section  of  the  cone  of  Se(juoia,  not  uncommonl}'  found  at  Florissant. 


\\\ 


ARAC  HIST  IDES   Lutieille. 

Up  to  the  presont  writing,  a  littlo  more  tlum  two  liuiidred  and  Hfty 
specios  of  Aracliiiidi's  have  been  dcHcribed  as  I'ouiid  in  Tertiary  deposits.  ( )t' 
tiiese  about  one  hiuuh'ed  and  ninety  are  true  spiders,  wiiile  tiie  remainder 
are  in').stly  Acarina  (thirty-seven  species),  Opiliones  (eleven  species),  or  Ciier- 
neti(hv  (nine  species).  All  but  a  single  species,  Aranea  Columbia',  descril)ed 
below,  are  from  Kuropean  beds,  and  nine-tenths  of  them  are  preserved  to  us  in 
the  Eocene  amber.  Were  this  means  of  restoring  the  ancient  Tertiary  fauiuv 
unknown  tt>  us,  our  information  at  the  ])resent  day  woidd  be  based  upon 
twenty-four  species,  altliough  in  addition  to  these  half  a  dozen  nu)re  are 
indicated  by  simple  reference  to  genera  or  families.  This  number  is  already 
exceeded  by  those  described  below  from  a  single  localit}',  Florissant  alone 
having  yielded  more  than  thirty  species.  Whether  we  examine  the  Ameri- 
can or  European  species  preserved  in  stratified  deposits  we  find  .  u  almost 
total  absence  of  any  but  true  spiders  or  Araneides;  in  each  (inchuling  the 
one  herewith  figured)  a  single  species  of  Acarinahas  been  described,  though 
a  number  of  others  are  credited  without  descri})tion  to  Eiu'opean  strata. 
In  Prussian  amber,  on  the  coi.trary,  though  Araneides  are  vastly  in  the 
majority,  the  other  groups  of  Araclmides  form  27  |)er  cent  of  the  entire 
luimber  of  species,  distributed  mainly  in  the  three  groups  mentioned  above. 

This  greater  proportion  of  true  Araneides  in  Tertiary  deposits,  a  pro- 
portion exaggerated  at  the  present  day.  can  scarcely  be  well  com{)ared  to 
what  we  find  in  the  older  deposits,  from  the  extreme  paucity  of  their 
remains  in  the  latter.  Brodie  has  found  only  a  single  s|)ecies  (whicii  ho 
considers  a  true  araneid)  in  the  secondary  strata  of  England,  and  the 
European  Jura  has  furnished  nierely  half  a  dozen  arachnids  (nominal  species, 
perhaps  reducible  to  four),  of  which  only  a  single  one  is  referable  to  the 
Araneides,  llasseltides,  considered  one  of  the  Agalenides  by  Wevenbergh. 
In  the  paleozoic  formations,  again,  a  dozen  species  are  known,  all  but  three 
of  which  have  been  considered  scorpions,  Phrynida'  or  (^hernetl(la>,  or  else 
placed  in  their  vicinity,  while  one  of  the  other  three  has  not  been  placed 

4!> 


I 


I:  '- 


46 


TKKTIAKY  INSKrTS  OK  NOKTII   AMKItlOA. 


by  its  (loscrihcr  niuoiii^  tlu' ti'ii(i,s|ii(lcrs,  liiit  iiiIiikmI  Aillii(»ly<'(isa  only  f'n»m 
its  sonu'wliiit  iiiiirkcd  uriiiicitl  IciitiirL's.  Tlic  iciiiiiiiiiii;;'  two  nrc  cnii- 
sidtTiul  l>y  tlioir  (It'scrilu-rs  iis  trim  arimcidcs  jiihI  scciii  to  hv  tlic  <»iily  tnu* 
prtHMirsdi's  ot' this  ^ri'oup  known  to  us  iVoni  tlic  piilco/.oic  rocks;  tliu  propor 
tioii  tlu'i'ct'ori!  of  tlut  Aniiicidcs  to  otliiT  Armliiiidcs  is  ruvcirscd  ln'twuoiv 
i'alco/oio  and  Cuno/oir  times. 

In  tlio  prcst'Ut  volinncf  wo  are  alile  to  more  than  doul)h>  th(t  nnnihcr  of 
Ar.ichnidcs  (apart  from  tlu>  amltcr  inciosurcs)  which  arc  hitlicrto  known 
from  Tertiary  strata,  and,  as  we  sliall  see  further  on,  find  some  interesting 
points  of  eomnarison  between  the   Kiiropeaii  and  Amoriean  soicU'r  fauna  of 


J  ;}rt 


iarv  times. 


'1' 


Hp 


(Kel 


)riiarv 


IHHl.) 


Since  tho  iil)ovi)  was  written  the  iiiimher  of  known  Paleozoic  Arach- 
nides  has<rreatly  iiu'reased  ami  a  hiri^u  proportion  of  tluMii  have  huun  phiced 
in  a  distinct  order,  Authracomarti  Karsch,  with  ei^j^lit  or  ten  <>'enera.  (Octo- 
ber, l-SSit.) 

In  the  classification  of  the  remains  of  these*  animals,  from  th<*  almost 
complete  absence  of  such  characteristic  parts  as  the  details  of  the  structure 
of  the  ocelli  and  palpi,  it  has  been  impossilde  to  do  much  more  than  to  indi- 
cate the  pn»l)able  atlinities  of  tlu'  species  to  liviii<;  types  i»y  means  of  the 
;reneral  resendilances  which  the  lorm  of  tlut  cephalothorax  and  ubdonu'U 
and  the  relative  leuyth  of  the  leys  furnish.  In  a  few  instances  these;  can 
hardly  fail  to  fin'nish  us  with  sniliciently  clear  evidence,  whilt*  in  others  the 
reference  is  plainly  open  to  a  "greater  or  less  decree  of  doubt,  which  it  is 
hoped  future  material  will  e\«'ntually  extiniruish. 

C)  ivl.  r    AC  A  I  { I N  A    :N  itzscl  1. 

Acariiia  are  by  no  means  rare  in  Tertiary  deposits,  the  ffroup  bein;,'' 
better  represented  than  any  other  Araclmides  exceptinjr  the  true  spiders, 
and  it  is  ipiite  in  keep*:i<ic  with  this  fact  that  the  oidy  arac  hiiid  yet  discov- 
ered in  the  Ameiitan  strata  not  beloii^^in;,'  to  the  Araneides  shonhl  fall  in 
this  ji'roup.  Vet  the  j^r.iup  is  unrepresented  even  in  .Mesozoic  strata,  while 
the  scorpions  and  their  allies,  iiearlv  unknown  in  Tertiar\'  beds,  are  pro- 
portionally abundant  in  earlier  times.  The  amber  of  the  lialtic  is  partic- 
ularly rich  in  .\carina,  tliii't\  -live  species  bein;r  recorded  therefrom,  while 
a]tart  from  the  .Vi'aneides  this  ;^ruup  is  almost  if  not  ijuitt*  the  oidy  oU(f  rep- 
resented in  till!  stratilied  deposits  of   Murojx-;   ftseblv  represented,  indeed. 


AUACIINIDKS— ACARINA. 


47 


for  wo  have  only  ono  HpecicH  (rotcrnul  to  Liiimoclmn^rt)  (loKcrihcd  l)y  llny- 
(loii  from  Uott,  aiiothi'r  from  tlio  hhiik!  lonility  luisod  upon  lnHf-},nills  iiiul 
calliMl  I'liytoptiis  aiiti(puis,  aiitl  a  tliinl  iixlicattul  nicnily  (Acarus)  by  Iliior, 
UH  found  at  Oi3iiin;ruii.     (November,  I  MM  I.) 

Gourrot  liaH  latterly  (IcscriluMl  anuni};  tlio  arafliui(U  of  Tertiary  Aix  a 
couple  of  },'eiu!ra  of  Aeariua  with  one  specieH  each  which  he  ref^ards  an 
helonL'iii};  to  the  Troinbidida-.     (October,  1HH!>.) 


IXODES  Latreille. 

No  fossil  species  hav«(  before  been  referred  to  this  genus  or  anywhere 
near  it.  The  nearest  is  Acarns,  which  is  only  distantly  related,  l)elonginy 
indeed  to  a  distinct  subfamily.  The  species  of  Ixodes,  like  otiier  ticks,  bury 
themselves  in  the  Hesh  of  animals  to  suck  their  blood.  (November,  1^81.) 

Ixodes  tertiarius. 
PI.  G,  Fig.  12. 
Ixodes  tertiarius  Scuddur,  ZittuI,  Ilaiidb.  d.  Paliuout.,  I,  li,  73;i,  Fi);.  906  (1S8&). 

Although  there  are  few  definite  salient  points  in  the  structure  of  the 
single  specimen  known,  its  general  appearance  and  its  size  make  it  tiderably 
evident  that  it  belongs  to  the  Ixodidte  or  Uiciin  and  probably  to  Ixodes 
proper.  The  body  is  of  a  very  regular  ol)ovato  form,  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  with  a  .slight  indication  of  a  frontal  shield  of  a  triangular  shape  (not 
represented  in  the  plate  and  perhaps  illusor}),  formed  by  two  sulcations 
meeting  at  right  angles  and  terminating  just  witliin  the  front  pair  of  legs  on 
either  side.  The  ro.struin  is  not  preserved,  but  the  right  palpus  (j)oorly 
given  on  the  plate)  is  slender  and  0.2"""  long,  or  rather  projects  beyond  the 
body  to  that  amount.  Nearly  all  the  legs  are  present,  but  the  hinder  legs 
of  the  left  side  have  been  crowded  out  of  place  and  appear  on  the  right 
side  below  thos(f  which  properh'  belong  there»  and  whidi  ai)parently  are 
the  upper  four  there  seen.  The  legs  are  ai)j)arently  complete,  except  the 
termimil  appendages,  as  they  all  taper  rather  rapidly  at  the  end,  after  the 
manner  of  ticks;  they  are  stout,  short,  and  of  similar  length,  extending 
beyond  the  body  by  al)ont  the  width  of  the  latter. 

Length  of  body,  ,"..'')""";   breadth  .»f  sanu;,  1.7.5""". 

Fish-Cut,  Green  liiver,  Wyoming.     Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  No.  258. 


48 


TKKTIAKY  IN8I'X;T8  OF  NORTH  AMIOKICA. 


Oi'd.'i-    AUAN  I^:il)l<:S    I.nlrt.illc. 

As  Nftit««<l  iihovc,  Ity  fill'  tlu!  Iiii';;t>r  |mrt  of  llut  losHil  Arac)iiii*lcH  kiiowti 
iir*>  true  s|)i(l('rs,  ulxuit  oiio  hiiiHlruil  iiiid  ninety  HpecieH  liiiviii;^  lit*"ii 
(U>Hcril)e<l  (Voni  tim  'rorliiuy  (le|M»sits«»r  Kiirope,  luiil  inoni  tlitin  tliirty  l»ein^' 
atlileil  ti)  tlie  totiil  list  in  tliih  volume.  'I'liese  liiHt  are  <liHti'ilMite<l  anmnj,'' 
tli(!  liirf^er  ;,''n)U|»s  as  follows;  Saltij^riuliu  (all  Attides),  three;  (Jiti;>ra(la', 
none;  L;iteri;,'ra(la'  (all  trne  Tlioniisides),  threes  Territelaria',  none;  'rnl)i- 
telaria' ( A;,'aleniileH,  one;  Dnissitli's,  live;  Dysderides,  two)  — ei;;lit ;  Ketittf- 
lariii' (all  Theridides),  I'oiu';  Orhitelaria'  (all  Kpeirides),  I'onrteen— thirty- 
two.  My  this  it  apitears  that  nearly  halfari*  Kpeirides,  and  il  at  after  these 
the  l>rassides  are  best  repn'scnted.  A  eoinparison  of  this  result  with  the 
fossil  spiders  of  Kuntpo  is  shown  liy  the  followinj,'  tahle,  in  which  the  per- 
t'enta^i'es  of  the  groups  represontcMl  uro  compared  in  each  country  with  tlio 
total  reprosentation  in  each  : 

I'lrreiltiiiifii  of  firoiipn  of  Tnlinrij  npiilem  in  A'kio/m  (iiiif  in  . I mcricu . 


I'l'i'ccntiini'. 


Furnpo.    Aiiiorini. 


SnttiKrniliK 

I.ntiTlKriKlii 
Tiiliili'lariM' 
l.'clllrliiiiir 
Oi'liiti'lurlii' 


s 

■• 

1*; 

',» 

:it! 

24 

•v»lt 

1-2 

H 

II 

This  shows  that  America  is  far  the  richer  in  ( Jrhitelaria-,  and  Europe 
much  better  represented  in  Ketitelarur,  less  liut  still  consideraldy  better  in 
liaterij^nada'  and  Tubitelariie,  while  the  Sulti',''rad;c  have  an  almost  equiv- 
alent repr(;sentation  in  the  two  countries. 

If,  however,  we  eliminate  fr«»m  the  incpiiry  the  species  entond)ed  in 
amber,  and  compare  only  those  recoverecl  from  the  rocks  in  which  they 
have  l)een  preserved,  we  shall  reach  perhaps  a  moic  just  c(nnparis(m. 
althou'rh  the  data  will  be  far  more  nieajjer,  America  with  its  thirty-two 
species  bciii;r  actuallv  better  represented  than  Knrope  with  its  twenty-two 
species,  ;dl  bclonj^iii^'  to  the  same  live  larj^er  ffroups  which  are  represented 
in  America. 


I 


AI{A<;ilNII>KS-AltANi:il>KH.  49 

I'trceHlityei  u/vroN^  i^f  nrtiarn  iplitim  in  Kurope  anil  Amfrlva,  ejvlmltHU  Ihnnn/ouHil  in  umber. 


BiiliorilcrN. 


Iiiiti'i'i)(riitlii> 

Tiililti'larlii' 
Kt'tlri'luiiin  . 
OrliitulurJu). 


P«i'ouiilaK«. 

Kiirii|)i<. 

America, 

U.5 

0 

80 

.  0 

u:i 

W4 

11 

1'.' 

14 

44 

1)8.  fi 

W 

The  oxooHrt  of  proportion  in  xVinoiicu  of  Orltitolarijo  iH  hero  nearly  as 
f^reat  uh  is  hIiowm  in  tlio  fornior  tablo,  but  is  not  ho  <rroiit  as  tlio  now  In3i},'lit- 
ened  proportion  in  Fhiropo  of  Hotitolariie,  wliilo  tlio  Tiiljitolarijo  aro  now 
the  ones  in  which  thu  proportion  is  siniihu-  in  eaeli,  tlio  Latorigrada'  tho 
only  one  whoro  the  proportion  roniains  noarly  tho  same  as  before,  and  tho 
Saltif^radju  aro  nearly  lost  Hi<,flit  of  in  Kiirope,  a  single  species  being  known. 

If  now  we  carry  tho  analysis  a  liiilo  further  wo  shall  find  more  inter- 
esting relations,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  table,  in  which  all  the 
groups  represented  in  Europe  are  introduced,  and  both  tho  total  fauna  and 
the  species  from  the  strata  tabulated : 


A'umAer  o/iipmva  of  Terliary  aiiidiiH  found  in  Europe  and  in 

America,  bjifamiliei. 

SiibonlerH. 

FaiiiilUw. 

Id  Kiirope, 

inclnding 

tliotu  in 

ambur. 

In  Kiirope, 

exdndiiig 

tboNit  in 

unibcr. 

In  America, 

Sultigradu) 

AttideH 

14 

a 

3 
4 

•-'1 
(i 

1 
M 
;!,-: 
li 

:) 

1 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

:t 

0 

0 
0 

:i 
() 
u 
I 
5 

a 

0 
0 
0 
4 
14 

Cifinradm 

KreNoitlu) 

Luterigrudu! 

Terrltolariie 

TlKiiiiiHideit 

Uncertain 

ThurapliUHoiiliu 

Tiibiteluriiu    

Retiteloriiu 

DriiNHhleH 

AgalunidcH 

UerHilioidai 

Uncertain 

a                0 
1                " 

Scvtodoidn) 

Orbitelariiu 

Theridides 

Epciridcs 

r)4 

:» 

50 


TEUTIAliY  INSBOrS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Here  it  appears  at  a  glance  that  exactly  the  same  groups  are  represented 
in  the  stratified  deposits  of  P^irrope  and  America  in  every  instance,  except- 
ing the  Dysderide«,  whi;'h  is  '-rin-epresented  in  Enrope  inid  has  a  single 
member  in  America.  It  i.'st>  appears  tluit  only  those  groups  which  are 
represented  abundantly  in  amber  (aiul  all  of  them)  are  also  represented  to 
some  extent  in  the  American  fauna  and  (excepting,  as  before,  the  Dysder- 
ides)  in  the  European  rocks.  Excepti<»n  should  perhaps  be  nuide  for  the 
"luropean  amber  genus  Archa'a,  the  position  of  which  in  the  T.aterigradfc  is 
uncertain,  and  of  whicii  Thoroll  says:  "This  genus  may  perhaps  for  the 
present  best  be  taken  as  the  type  of  a  separate  family'*  of  liaterigradiv 
(European  spiders,  p.  2.">2).  Six  species  are  known,  and  lliey  are  classed 
above  as  uncertain.  The  relation  brouyht  out  in  this  table  is  certainlv 
striking,  but  it  should  l»e  noticed  at  the  sanu^  time  that  the  Dra.ssides  and 
Thi'vidides,  and  especially  the  latter,  are  enormously  re|»reseiited  in  the  Hal- 
tic  amber,  and  in  coniparisdii  willi  them  (though  not  by  any  means  to  the 
same  extent  in  comparisoi.  with  the  other  groups)  feebly  represented  in  the 
stratified  depo.sits  of  Europe  ajid  America. 

We  nuiy  venture  one  fiuther  inv(  stigation,  although  little  weight  can  be 
given  to  it  from  the  meag(nness  of  the  data,  viz,  a  compari.son  of  the  per- 
centage of  reprc.ientation  of  the  ditl'erent  larger  groups  in  the  different 
horizons  of  Tertiary  times  in  r^urope  with  that  of  Florissant,  where  all  the 
American  species  so  far  known  have  been  found 

Percenlaye  of  groupii  of  "ertinry  mndert  of  Ftoritiiatil,  Colnrado,  Fonipare4  with  tho<>e  of  Europt, 


SiilxirderH, 


Salti«nMl:i' 

L.iliTit;riichi' 

Tiiliitiil;.'.!'  

R.'titrliilin- I 

Orbitelariaj 


Aiiilicr  anil 

Holt  ; 

OiMiiiij;''"  ; 

KIori.HHunt. 

Aix;  1,1^11- 
I'iiiti  (')lij;o. 

Ai|iiilaiiiaii 
(  l.liwrr 

Tortoiiian 

(l?|l|>IT 

Cl'Ill'). 

MiiH't'iie). 
0 

Mi(ii'fiit-). 

9 

0 

9 

Hi 

i:j 

:«) 

'.'4 

:t7 

..-. 

:to 

1-J           1 

'if* 

:t7 

ao 

44          1 

8 

ur. 

10         1 

IW 

98 

UK) 

too         1 

As  this  fable  shows  so  great  a  difference  between  the  percentage  of 
n-presentation  in  ilie  Oligoccme  and  Lcwer  Mioccin'  of  Europe  that  it  can 
.M-arcely  prove  vcrv  instructive,  it  still  si-t-nis  to  indicate  a  greater  difference 
betwe.-n  tlu'   Florissant  dt'pi'-ifs  and  tlmse  of  Oeningeii  than   between  the 


ARACUNIDES— AKANKIDES. 


51 


former  and  either  of  the  others  ;  and  althouirh  the  proportionate  numbers  of 
Tiibiteluriiu  and  Orbitehirijc  of  Fk>rissant  and  especially  of  the  formcn* 
<>ronp  are  more  nearly  like  those  of  Rott,  the  representation  of  tiie  j^ronps 
in  o^eneral  ailias  Florissant  on  the  whole  with  the  Olijjocene  rather  than 
with  the  Lower  Miocene  of  Europe. 

Of  extinct  j^enera  there  have-certainly  been  proposed  a  very  large  nuni- 
l)er  for  the  P]in'opean  Araneidic,  more  than  half  the  genera  to  whicli  the 
species  have  been  referred  having  been  described  as  new  and  peculiar  to 
Tertiary  times;  these  genera  include  about  two-Hfths  of  the  species.  Among 
the  genera  are  some  remarkable  forms,  such  as  Arclueaand  Mizalia,  eachot 
which  is  considered  by  Thorell  and  others  as  representing  a  distinct  faniilj'.' 
Two  only  of  the  thirteen  genera  to  which  the  American  species  are  referred 
are  described  as  new,  and  to  them  are  referred  sev'en  of  the  thirty-two 
species.  Other  g(inera,  not  before  recognized  in  a  fossil  state,  but  here 
recorded  from  American  strata,  are  Titanieca,  Tetragnatha,  and  Nephila. 
To  enter  into  details,  seventy-one  genera  of  Araneidju  have  been  described 
from  the  Tertiaries,  sixty-six  from  Europe,  and  thirteen  (below)  from 
America,  eight  being  common  to  both.  Of  these  seventy-one  genera  tliirty- 
sev(^n  are  accounted  axtinct,  thirty-five  from  P]urope,  aiul  two  from  America, 
none  of  these  being  found  in  both  countries.  The  European  genera  are,  as 
may  be  suppostid,  largely  con^posed  of  amber  species,  no  less  than  fifty- 
two,  including  thirty-two  extini  t  genera,  being  confined  to  and)er  deposits, 
besides  others  which  they  possess  in  common      ith  the  stratified  beds. 

If  it  be  asked  what  indications  the  fossil  spiders  of  Florissant  give  as  to 
the  climate  of  that  district  in  Tertiary  times,  there  is  but  one  answer  which 
can  be  given-  that  the  present  distribution  of  their  allies  certainly  points  to 
a  considerably  Wiirmer  climate  than  now,  a  climate  which  may  perhaps  best 
be  compartfd  to  the  middle  zone  of  our  Southern  Stat(^s.  The  known  living 
species  of  the  genera  to  which  they  belong  are  in  general  credited  io  regions 
like  Georgiii  in  this  country  and  the  two  shores  of  the  Mediterranenn  in 
Europe  ;  but  our  own  s|)ecies  are  .so  little  known  that  nothing  can  be  saiil 
very  definitely  upon  their  innnediate  rchition.ship  with  exotic  or  indigenous 
torni.s.  The  preseiu'e  of  s,H'cies  of  Theridium,  I  iuyphia,  Tethneus,  and 
Kpeira,  including  tw(t-fifths  of  the  species,  has  no  sixjciid  significance,  but 
Thomisus,  iSegestria,  Clubiona,  Anypluena,  and  Titan<eca,  and  especially 

'  A  KiiDil  criticiil  ri'viow  of  tlio  iloxcribcd  f(i».sil  Hpi'iicrt  ot"  AraiicicUs  will  Ih^  ruMiid  in  Tlicin-H's  Kiiio- 
|)ouu  SpliliTN,  pp.  •J'j;!-'.?:)'.!. 


52 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORT'    AMERICA. 


;i 


Parattus,  Tetragnatha,  and  Nephila  certainly  present  an  enboinble  the  indi- 
cations of  whicli  can  not  be  overlooked.     (November,  1881.) 

Since  the  above  was  written  a  notable  addition  to  our  knowledge  of 
the  Arachnides  of  Tertiary  Europe  has  been  made  by  Gourret  in  a  paper 
on  those  of  Aix,  in  which  among  others  eighteen  species  of  Araneides 
are  described,  including  Eresoidtv  (two  species),  Lycosoidte  (two  species), 
Theraphosoidte  (one  species),  Dysderides  (one  species),  Hersilioida;  (two 
species),  Urocteoidaj  (two  species),  Enyoidaj  (one  species),  none  of  which 
families  had  before  been  found  in  European  rocks,  and  the  last  two  not 
even  in  amber.     (October,  1 889.) 

In  the  measurements  of  legs  in  the  Araneides  the  length  of  the  femur 
is  the  distance  of  the  apex  of  the  femur  beyond  the  margin  of  the  cephalo- 
thorax,  no  account  being  taken  of  the  coxa,  unless  It  is  specially  mentioned; 
so  too  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsus,  which  according  to  arachnologists  is  con- 
solidated with  the  tibia,  is  here  regarded  (in  the  measurements)  as  a  part  of 
the  tibia,  and  the  second  and  third  jdints  of  the  tarsi  are  alone  measured  as 
tarsi,  except  when,  as  in  Tethneus  hentzii  and  Thomisus  defossus,  separate 
account  is  taken  of  them. 

Suborder  SALTIGRAD^  Latreille. 

As  in  the  north  temperate  zone  to-da}',  so  in  Tertiary  times,  the  two 
families  of  Saltigradic,  Attides  and  Eresoida-,  are  verv  une(pially  represented 
ill  species,  only  two  fossil  spe"''_'3  at  the  latter  family  being  known  against 
seventeen  of  the  former.  The  two  Eresoidae  are  amber  species;  of  the  Attides, 
thirteen  are  known  from  amber,  one  from  Aix  in  Provence,  and  three  from 
Floris.sant,  Colorado,  described  below.     (November,  1881.) 

Since  this  was  written  Gourret  has  described  one  species  of  each  of 
these  two  families  from  Aix. 

Family  ATTIDES  Koch. 

The  fossil  species  of  this  family  of  jumping  spiders  hitherto  recorded 
are  all  confined  to  the  Prussian  amber  excepting  one,  a  species  referred  to 
a  new  genus,  Attoides,  described  by  Brongiiiart  from  Aix.  The  amber 
species  are  referred  to  four  genera,  Eiiophrys  (one),  (Jorgopis  (Hve),  Pro- 
petes  (five),  and  Steneattiis  (one),  besides  an  undescribed  s|)eoies  referred 
by  Menge  to  Salticus.  The  species  of  Gorgojjis  were  formerly  referred 
to  Pliidippiis,  a  genus  richly  represented  to-day  in  North  America,  and  it 


ARAOHNIDES— ABANEIDES— SALTIGKAl)^, 


53 


is  therefore  interesting  to  notice  that  the  three  species  described  below  and 
referred  to  a  new  and  aberrant  genus  of  the  family,  Parattus,  are  more 
nearly  related  to  Gorgopis  than  apparently  to  any  other  known,  and  that 
the  amber  genus  contains  nearly  one-half  of  the  species  of  this  family  pre- 
served in  Europe  from  Oligocene  times.  The  species  of  this  family  are 
spread  all  over  the  world,  both  in  tropical  and  temperate  regions,  but  seem 
to  be  comparatively  rare  in  Africa  south  of  the  desert,  (November,  1881.) 
Gourret  has  added  another  species  from  Aix,  refen-ed  to  an  extinct 
genus,  Attopsis. 

PARATTUS,  gen.  nov.  (a-a>o?,  aTTco). 

The  three  species  here  referred  to  the  Attoidae  seem  to  belong  to  a  dis- 
tinct genus  allied  to  Gorgopis  of  the  Prussian  amber,  in  that  the  posterior 
eyes  are  placed  far  behind  the  others,  but  differing  markedly  from  that,  as 
from  all  members  of  the  family,  so  far  as  I  kriow,  in  two  points:  (I)  The 
exterior  eyes  of  the  first  row  are  placed  a  little  in  advance  of  the  median 
pair  of  the  same  row,  and  (2),  more  particularly,  they  are  as  large  as 
or  scarcely  smaller  than  these  median  eyes.  The  anterior  row,  therefore, 
is  formed  of  four  very  large,  nearly  equal  and  nearly  equidistant  eyes, 
arranged  in  a  gentle  curve  opening  forward;  the  eyes  of  the  second  row, 
so  far  as  known,  are  minute  and  situated  within  and  behind  and  in  close 
proximity  to  the  median  eyes  of  the  anterior  row,  while  those  of  the  third 
row,  so  far  as  known,  are  of  medium  size,  placed  at  a  greater  or  Iciis  dis- 
tance apart  in  the  middle  of  the  ceplialothorax.  as  in  the  American  genus 
Phidippus  and  the  amber  Gorgopis.  The  American  genus  Phidippus  is 
confined  to  the  warmer  parts  of  the  continent  and  to  a  large  extent  to  the 
tropics,  so  that  the  presence  of  this  somewliat  allied  genus  indicates,  so  for 
as  such  analogy  indicates  anything,  a  warmer  climate  in  early  times  for 
Florissant. 

Tahle  nf  the  upecies  of  Parattus. 

Ceplialothorax  and  abdomen  well  rounded,  with  convex  sides 1.  p.  remrreetim. 

Cephalothorax  qnadrafe,  with  nearly  straight  sides. 

Small  species;  ceplialothorax  less  than  twice  as  longas  broad  ;  abdomen  quadrate. .2.  P.evocalus. 

Large  species ;  cephalothorax  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  abdomen  round  ...3.  P.  latitatus. 

1.  Parattus  eesurrkctus. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  26  (  9  ?), 

Cephalothorax  broad  oval,  subquadrate,  the  sides  gently  convex,  the 
two  ends  broadly  rounded;  front  regularly  semicircular;  the  two  middle 
eyes  of  the  anterior  row  very  hirge,  circular,  situated  just  behind  the  front 
edge;  the  lateral  eyes  of  the  same  row  nearly  or  quite  as  large,  circular. 


54 


TiiRTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMKIUCA. 


I 


.i 


forming  with  these  a  very  slightly  curved  row,  opening  forwards,  of  equi- 
distant eyes.  Eyes  of  second  row  from  one-eightii  to  one-tenth  the  size  of 
those  of  the  first  row,  situated  behind  and  within  the  middle  anterior  pair,  so 
that  lines  drawn  through  the  middle  of  the  large  and  small  ones  would  meet 
in  a  right  angle  behind  the  small  ones  and  leave  them  distant  from  each  other 
by  about  their  own  diameter;  the  outer  edge  of  either  of  the  small  ones  is 
behind  the  inner  edge  of  one  of  the  large  ones ;  the  eyes  of  the  third  row 
are  not  discernible  on  either  of  the  specimens,  and  on  one  the  lateral  eyes, 
on  the  other  the  eyes  of  the  second  row,  can  not  be  seen. 

Palpi  of  the  male  with  the  tip  very  large,  conchiform,  as  if  made  of 
three  wiiorls,  the  middle  twice  as  large  as  the  other  two  together  and  sub- 
globose,  the  terminal  small  and  globular.  Only  one  palpus  is  exposed,  but 
the  other  may  partially  be  seen  through  the  cepiialothorax.  Abdomen 
short  ovate,  somewhat  larger  than  the  cejjhalothoriix,  being  somewhat 
longer  and  slightly  broader,  subacuminate  at  tip,  with  a  pair  of  short  styles 
darkest  in  a  broad  mediodorsal  band.  Legs  moderatelv  lonjj  and  slender, 
subequal.  not  greatly  ta))ering,  furnished  tlu-oughout  and  rather  abundantly 
with  generally  alternate,  divergent,  long,  and  tapering  spines,  fully  as  long 
as  the  width  of  the  joint  from  which  they  rise. 

Length  of  body,  4.S5""";  cepiialothorax,  2""";  abdomen,  2.85""";  width 
of  cepiialothorax,  !.(]""";  abdomen,  L7""";  longer  axis  of  middle  section  of 
palpal  swelling,  0.8""";  length  of  wliole  swelling,  1.4,")""";  length  of  first  pair 
of  legs,  5.5""";  second  pair,  .').5"'"';  third  pair,  4"""  (?) ;  fourth  pair,  4.75'""'. 
Excejjting  in  the  palp  the  nicasuiements  are  those  of  the  feinale. 

One  of  the  specimens  is  a  male;  the  other,  the  palpi  of  which  are  not 
preserved,  is  judged  to  l)e  a  female  merely  from  its  variation  from  the  other 
in  its  larger  abdomen.  The  s|)ecies  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  others 
by  the  rounded  outline  of  the  cepiialothorax  both  on  the  sides  and  on  the 
strongly  convex  front. 

Kloris.sanr.     One  ,?,  No.  1081 ;  one  9,  Nos.  8282  and  8459. 

2.  Parattus  evocatus. 

Cepiialothorax  subquadrate,  somewhat  loss  than  twice  as  long  as 
broatl,  slightly  broadest  posteriorly,  with  straight,  st-arcely  divergent  sides; 
anterior  and  po.sterior  margins  broadh'  convex,  the  lateral  juigles  well 
rounded  off;  eyes  of  anterior  row  large,  round,  e(|ual,  equidistant,  the 
middle  ones  at  less  than  their  own  diameter  from  the  front  edge  and  from 


ARACHNIDE8— ARANEiDKS— SALTIGUADiE. 


55 


each  other,  the  wliole  arriing:e(l  in  a  slightly  curving  row  opening  forward; 
oyes  of  second  row  indistinguishable;  those  of  third  row  rounded  oval, 
obliquely  ))laced,  situated  each  in  the  center  of  either  lateral  half  of  the 
cephalothorax.  Abdomen  slightly  longer  than  the  cephalothorax,  of  the 
same  width,  with  nearly  straight  sides,  rounded  off  anteriorly  and  tapering 
to  a  subangulate  apex  on  the  posterior  third  or  fourth.  The  cephalothorax 
is  blackish  in  the  middle  posteriorly,  and  all  the  abdomen  but  the  terminal 
tapering  part  is  nearly  black.  Legs  very  poorly  and  imperfectly  preserved, 
but  evidently  tolerably  stout  and  furnished  w'*,h  abundant,  divergent,  taper- 
ing, sle.ider  spines. 

Lengthof  body,  6.65"™;  cephalothorax,  3""" ;  abdomen,  3.65"'"';  breadth 
of  cephalothorax  anteriorly,  1.8'"'";  posteriorly,  2'""*;  abdomen,  1.5""';  length 
of  first  pair  of  legs,  7.5'""'. 

The  specimen  is  presumed  to  be  a  female  from  some  faint  traces  of  a 
slender  palpus.  The  squareness  of  the  form  distinguishes  this  from  the  pre- 
ceding species;  from  P.  latitatus  it  differs  by  its  smaller  size  and  propor- 
tionally shorter  cephalothorax  as  well  as  by  the  more  rounded  front  of  the 
latter. 

Florissant.     One  ?,  No.  12005. 

3.  Parattus  latitatus. 

Ce[)]ialothorax  quadrate,  ne...  y  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  equal, 
with  straight  and  parallel  sides,  the  extreme  anterior  and  posterior  angles 
rounded  off;  front  nearly  8trai<rht  l)etvveen  the  rounded  angles.  Eyes  of  ante- 
rior row  large,  equal,  circular,  sube(|uidistant,  the  middle  pair  situated  their 
own  diameter  behind  the  front,  the  lateral  ones  at  the  front,  forming  thus  a 
curving  series  opening  forward;  eyes  of  second  row  not  discernible  in  the 
single  specimen;  those  of  third  row  also  doubtful,  but  appai'ently  repre- 
sented by  a  pair  of  spots  considerably  smaller  than  the  anterior  eyes, 
slightly  nearer  together  than  the  middle  pair  and  situated  a  little  in  front 
of  the  middle.  Across  the  middle  of  the  cephalothorax,  or  rather  a  little 
l)ehind  it,  is  a  straight,  raised,  black  line,  in  front  of  which  the  cephalotho- 
rax is  black  in  a  very  large  round  patch,  Abdomen  almost  globular, 
shorter  than  the  cephalothorax  but  nuudi  broader,  covered  profusely  with 
dusky  and  blackish  hairs.  Legs  moderateh'  slender  and  long,  armed 
sparsely  with  very  long  and  slender  ta})ering  spines  longer  than  the  breadth 
of  the  femora. 


! 


1 


; 


56 


TKRTIAKY  INSECTS  Ol  NORTH  AMERICA. 

abdomen,  S.f)"""; 


LeiijTth   of    body,  7  (15"'"' ;    ceplialothorax,  4.2™" 
breadth  of  cophalothonix,  1.7'"'";  abdomen,  3.2'""'. 

The  legs  are  imperfect  in  tiie  single  8|)ecimen  known,  and  as  no  palpi 
are  preserved  the  se.v  is  uncertain.  The  species  differs  from  both  the  pre- 
ceding in  its  much  larger  size:  from  P  resurrectus  also  in  its  very  quadrate 
ceplialothorax,  and  from  P.  evocatus  in  its  globular  abdomen. 

Florissant.  No.  'J823. 

Suborder  LATERIGRAD>E  Thorell. 

The  two  families  of  crevice-inhabiting  crab-spiders  which  have  been 
found  fossil  in  Tertiary  deposit.^,  Thomisides  and  Philodromina^  are  both 
(the  foi-mer  particularly)  common  at  the  present  day  in  Europe  and  North 
America.  The  fossil  species  belong  mostly  to  the  former,  only  four  species 
of  Philodromin;e  having  been  recorded,  all  from  amber,  while  twenty-one 
Thomisides  are  known,  not  including  those  described  below,  all  of  which 
also  fall  here.  In  this  statement  the  strange  amber  genus  Arcluva  is  not 
included,  since,  though  placed  by  both  Menge  and  Thorell  in  this  grouj), 
it  differs  strikingly  from  the  other  members  and  should  form  a  family  group 
apart  from  them,  having  no  known  ailinities  with  any  of  the  species  from 
the  stratified  deposits  of  Europe  or  Aujerica.     (November,  1881.) 

Two  additional  species  of  Thomisides  have  lately  been  described  from 
Aix  by  Gourret.     (October,  1889.) 

Family  THOMISIDES  Sundevall. 

All  but  four  of  the  fossil  Tiiomisides  des(!ribed  up  to  the  present  time 
come  from  amber  and  represent  the  genera  Athera  (one  species),  Clythia 
(five  species),  Ocypetc  (fi»ur  species),  Opisthophylax  ((»ne  species),  Sypiiax 
(five  species),  and  Thomisus  (one  species).  Thoniisiis  is  also  re|)resented, 
with  Xysticus,  by  two  s|)ecies  each  in  the  stratified  deposits  of  Oeningen 
and  Rott,  the  latter  locality  furnishing  one  Xysticus,  tlief<<riner  the  remain- 
ing species.  The  species  described  below  apnoar  pretty  certainly  to  'all  in 
the  Tiioniisi<les  proper  and  probably  also  in  the  vicinity  of  'I'liouiisus  or 
Xysticus.  'I'he  family  is  widely  distributed  in  all  pjirts  of  the  world. 
(Xoveml)er,  1881  ) 

The  two  species  recently  described  by  Gourret  from  Aix  are  regarded 
as  types  of  extinct  genera  which  he  terms  Aniphithomisus  and  Pseudotho- 
misus.     (October,  1889.) 


ARAOHNIDES— ARANEIDEa— LATERIGRAD^. 


57 


THOMISUS  Walckenaer. 

Three  species  of  Thoinisides  occur  in  the  Tertiaries  of  Colorado,  and 
apparently  all  of  them  (one  is  mutilated)  belong  to  the  true  Thomisinfe,  in 
which  the  hinder  two  pairs  of  legs  are  much  weaker  than  the  others.  As 
the  cephalothorax  is  in  all  cases  poorly  preserved  or  lost,  it  is  impossible  to 
speak  at  all  definitely  of  their  generic  relations,  and  therefore  I  have  placed 
all  of  them  in  the  typical  genus  Thomisus,  from  which  the  family  derives 
its  name,  and  which,  or  Xysticus,  its  near  ally,  they  closely  resemble  in 
general  appearance.  In  all  the  abdomen  is  nearly  round.  It  is  interesting 
to  find,  as  observed  above,  that  the  species  of  this  family  from  the  stratified 
deposits  of  the  European  Tertiaries' have  also  been  placed  in  Thomisus  and 
Xysticus,  thougii  none  of  them  appear  to  be  very  closely  allied  to  our 
species. 

This  genus  is  widely  spread,  but  nearly  all  the  species  belong  to  the 
warm  temperate  regions  of  Europe  and  North  America.     (November,  1 881.) 

Table  of  the  upeeiet  of  Thomitvt. 

Ti  ItiiB  of  hinder  pairs  of  le};Hbrnit<lor  at  tip  thnn  atliuHo,  and  ranch  broader  than  the  tarsi...!.  T.  resuius. 
Tihiio  of  hinder  pairs  of  lej;s  of  i>i|nal  width  througliont. 

Small  Hpecies;  femora  of  tirst  pair  of  le);g  half  as  long  a^ain  as  those  of  second  pair;  tarsi  as  broad 

as  the  tibiiB i.T.  disjiincliis. 

Large  H]>ecieH;  femora  of  flrst  and  second  pairs   ^f  leus  of  abont  ei|nal  length;  last  tarsal  joint 
slenderer  than  the  tibiie :i.  T.  defosaui. 


1.  Thomisus  resutus. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  1.3. 

Abdomen  plump,  short  ovate,  about  a  fourth  longer  again  than  broad, 
the  base  broad,  the  sir'es  well  rounded,  the  hinder  extremity  full,  with  the 
extreme  apex  Squarely  truncate.  Only  a  fragment  of  the  cephalothorax 
remains,  showing  tiie  br^ad  attachment  of  the  abdomen.  The  two  hinder 
pairs  of  legs  only  are  j)reserved,  showing  limbs  of  considerable  length,  bent 
forward,  the  femora  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  longer  than  the  tibiae 
and  fiattened,  largest  in  the  middle;  the  tibiiu  are  straight,  completely  con- 
solidated with  the  first  tarsal  joint  as  in  spiders  generally,  also  flattened, 
slender  at  base  and  gradually  though  slightly  increasing  in  size  apically,  a 
peculiarity  wliich  is  not  shown  in  the  plate;  the  tarsi  are  much  slenderer, 
not  flattened,  and  longer  than  the  tibijB,  the  first  joint  alone  being  nearly  as 


■  i 


! 


58 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


long  as  they;  tho  wliole  \eg  is  devoid  of  armature  or  clotliiiijr  and  none  is 
perceptible  on  tlio  abdomen. 

Length  of  abdomen,  .H""" ;  l)roadth,  2..^)'""';  lengtli  of  third  pair  of  legs, 
ft.ii'"'";  its  femora,  1.8.5""";  tibia",  1. «;.")"'"';  tarsi,  1.8""";  Hrst  joint  of  same, 
1.2""";  second  joint,  O.U""" ;  fonrth  pair  of  legs,  7.4.')""":  its  fem(»rr.,  2.7.'')"""; 
width  of  same,  O.."")""'  ;  its  tibia',  1..')""";  width  of  same  at  base,  (».2.")""" ;  at 
tip,  0.4""";  its  tar.si,  3.2™"' ;  width  of  same,  0.1"'"';  length  of  first  joint,  2"""; 
second  joint,  1.2""". 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  in  which  all  anterior  to  the  two  hinder 
pairs  of  logs  is  lost.  The  species  is  reiidily  distingui.shed  from  either  of 
those  here  described  by  the  nne(|iial  width  of  the  tibia',  as  well  as  for  the 
dv,parity  in  width  between  the  tibia'  and  tiirsi.  As  tho  front  logs  are  want- 
ing, this  may  not  so  properly  be  referable  as  the  others  to  the  Thomisides 
rather  than  the  Philodromina?. 

Florissant.     Nos.  5502  and  7521. 

2.   ThoMLSUS    DISJUNCTirS. 

IM.  11,  Fig.  9. 

Cephalothorax  obscure  in  both  specimens,  and  apparently  preceded  by 
a  slender  beak,  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  abdomen  and  divided  into  two 
lateral  halves  closely  united  ;  they  soem  to  bo  a  pair  of  elongated  choliceres, 
but  are  poorly  preserved  in  both  cases.  Abdomen  rounded,  short  oval, 
about  a  fourth  longer  than  broad,  with  both  ends  ecjually  rounded.  Logs 
long  and  slendei,  the  two  front  pairs  longer  than  the  hinder  two,  tho  first 
also  considerably  longer  than  the  second  ;  the  femora  are  long  and  slender 
(the  front  pair  about  as  long  as  the  alxlomen),  flattened  and  tiiporing  at 
either  end;  the  tibi;e  and  first  tar«d  joint  are  c(»mplotely  consolidated  into  a 
single  piece,  so  that  tho  line  of  demarkation  can  not  be  seen,  and  are  very 
slender,  ecpial,  as  long  as  the  femora:  the  otlier  tar-sal  joints  are  together 
less  than  half  as  lonjr  as  the  pnn-ious  member  and  scarcely  slenderer  than 
it,  terminating  in  a  .slightly  curved  delicately  pointed  daw  as  long  as  tho 
width  of  the  tarsus 

Length  of  abdomen,  1.75"""  :  breadth,  1.4.'/""';  length  of  first  pair  of 
legs,  4.2""":  its  fenuir,  1.8"'"';  tibia,  1.7""';  tarsus,  0.7""";  second  pair, 
2.85"'"';  femur,  1.2"'"'  ;  tibia,  l.l.V"'";  tarsus,  0.5""";  tibia  of  third  jiiiir,  1.05'"'"; 
tarsus,  0.4""" ;  fourth  pair,  2.2'"'" ;  feuuu-,  1""";   tibia,  0.8""";   tarsu.s,0.4""". 


ARA0HNIDE8— AHANKIDKa— liATEIUOKAn/*]. 


69 


The  sex  of  both  specimens  is  iincertniii.  Tlie  species  is  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  the  others  by  its  small  size,  slender  and  long  legs,  and  the 
complete  consolidation  of  the  tibia  and  first  tarsal  joint. 

Florissant.     Nos.  9677,  10377. 

3.    ThOMISUS   DKF088U8. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  23,  S  . 

Cephalothorax  bent  at  a  strong  angle  with  the  abdomen  and  perhaps 
distorted  in  the  single  specimen  known,  but  as  preserved  it  is  of  an  oval 
shape,  slenderer  than  the  abdomen,  but  not  much  smaller,  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  similarly  and  fully  rounded  at  oitlier  end,  the  sides  not 
strongly  convex ;  it  appears  to  have  a  median  transvetse  constriction  and 
incision.  Noiiiing  can  be  made  out  of  the  eyes,  but  a  single  large,  black, 
subcircular,  palpal  swelling  (represented  of  the  same  tint  with  the  rest  and 
merged  with  the  cephalothorax  on  the  j)late)  lies  bordering  the  middle 
of  the  front,  a  little  broader  than  long.  Abdomen  very  bro.id  ovate,  not 
more  than  a  third  to  a  fourth  longer  than  broad,  the  base  slightly  broadest 
and  broadly  rounded,  the  apex  similarly  rounded  and  the  sides  between  the 
well-rounded  corners  nearly  straight;  a  faint  separation  into  three  or  four 
segments  can  also  be  seen,  and  the  surface  is  sparsely  covered  with  minute 
short  black  hairs.  Front  pairs  of  legs  much  larger  than  the  hinder,  show- 
ing that  the  species  is  one  of  the  true  Thomisinne,  the  femora  large,  swollen 
in  the  middle  and  depressed,  the  front  ])airs  much  longer  than,  the  hinder 
pairs  nearly  as  long  as,  the  abdomen;  the  tibijc  proper  are  very  distinctly 
separated  from  the  first  joint  of  tarsi  (in  the  other  species  it  is  reckoned  with 
them  in  the  measurements),  excepting  on  the  hindmost  legs  having  a  distinct 
oval  form  of  their  own,  about  half  as  long  again  as  broad;  the  first  joint  of 
the  tarsi  is  only  a  little  shorter  than  the  femora  (on  these  same  legs)  a.nd 
with  the  til)ia  longer  than  the  femora;  it  is  ii.med  sparingly  with  long  and 
slender  recumbent  spines;  the  .second  and  third  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  sub- 
equal,  together  shorter  than  the  first  joint,  and  besides  tlieir  sparse  clothing 
of  short  fine  black  hairs  the  tip  is  armed  witli  a  single  short  blunt  claw. 

Length  of  cephalothorax,  3.5""" ;  breadth,  2.1"™ ;  length  of  abdomen, 
4  2mm.  breadth,  2.7"'"' ;  length  of  first  pair  of  legs  (as  preserved),  7.7.')'"'";  its 
femora,  3..5™"' ;  tibia  (proper),  1. 1"'"';  (true)  first  joint  of  tarsi,  2.4'""';  second 
joint  (as  preserved),  l'"'" ;  femora  of  second  pair  of  legs,  3"*™ ;  third  pair  of 


} 


m 


TBHTIAUV  IX8K11TH  OF  NORTH  AMKRIOA. 


logs,  7.15"'"  ;  itH  foiuora,  2.(>'"'"  ;  ifH  tibia  (proper),  0.8"'" ;  (true)  first  joint 
of  tarsi,  2"'";  second  joint,  I"'";  third  joint,  0.7')""';  foniora  of  fourtli  pair 
o.'lcgs,  8""";  its  tibia  (propor),  1""';  combined  tibia  und  first  joint  of  tJirsi 
(as  preserved),  A  ')'"'". 

Tliis  species  is  very  readily  separated  from  the  others  by  its  size,  nnd 
undoubtedly  belon^rs  to  a  frenns  distinct  from  them;  the  specialisation  of 
the  tibia  proper  is  sutlicient  indication  of  this. 

Florissant.     Oiu^  /,  No.  4742. 

Suborder  TUBITELARI^E  Thorell. 

This  {i^roup  of  spiders,  «riven  to  the  construction  of  silken  tubes  above 
{jround,  is  considered  by  Tliorell  as  the  most  lowly  or^ranized  of  the  Ara- 
neides,  and  it  is  interestiu};  to  find  that  it  is  far  better  represented  in  the 
Tertiary  deposits  than  any  otiier,  coniprisiiif^  more  than  one-third  of  the 
species  now  known  and  .'{(!  per  cent,  of  the  fossil  species  of  P2urope.  It  is 
ecpially  remarkal)le  for  its  diversity  of  form,  all  the  families  which  are  rich 
in  genera  in  Europe  at  the  present  time  being  well  represented  in  the  Ter- 
tiaries  of  that  country,  and  particularly  in  aml)er,  both  in  genera  and  spe- 
cies; especially,  as  we  shall  se(!  below,  is  this  true  i»f  the  Drassides,  a  group 
which  is  only  surpassed  in  the  number  of  its  fossil  species  and  the  variety 
of  its  genera  by  the  Theridides.  It  is,  however,  neither  of  these  families, 
but  the  Kpeirides,  which  predominates  in  the  American  Tertiaries,  though 
next  to  tnese  the  Tubitelariu'  stand  pre-emitient,  and  particularly  the  family 
of  Drassides,  already  mentioned.  The  same  three  families,  viz,  Dysderides, 
Drassides,  a  id  Agelenides,  which  are  best  represented  in  the  European 
Tertiaries  and  are  most  al)un<{ant  in  species  at  the  present  <lay,  are  al.so 
present  in  the  Amcfrican  strata,  the  first  l)y  a  single  species,  tlu^  second  by 
five,  and  the  last  l>y  two,  in  all  one-fourth  of  the  American  Araneides. 
(November,  1881.) 

Family  DYSDERIDES  Koch. 

Three  genera  of  this  family,  Dy.sdera  (four  species),  Segestria  (eight 
species),  and  Therea  (two  species),  have  been  found  in  Pnissian  amber, 
and  comprise  all  the  fossil  species  known  up  to  the  present  time.  To  this 
list  we  can  ad<l  from  America  one  species,  belonging  to  the  genus  most 
richly  represented  in  atnber.     iSo  far  as  known  the  living  species  of  thu 


1  • 


;■  i 


ARACQNIDBS— ARANEIDB8— TUUITBLAKIJS. 


61 


family,  which  aro  not  mimeroua,  are  almoHt  oxchiHlvely  confined  to  the 
European  fauna  (especially  the  Mediterranean  district)  and  to  Soutli  Amer- 
ica.    (November,  1881.) 

Gourret  Iuih  recently  descjrihed  a  specieH  of  tluH  family  from  Aix,  the 
tirst  known  from  the  European  rocka;  it  i»  referred  to  an  extinct  jfenus, 
iVodyrtdera.     (October,  1889.) 

SE(JESTKIA  Latreille. 

A  «'n}:;le  species  is  referable  to  this  j^omis,  and  with  little  doubt,  as  it 
bears  a  strikinjr  resemblance  to  tiie  living  H.  aenocubita  (Linn.)  of  Europe. 
Eight  species  of  tlii-  geiuis  have  been  found  in  the  European  Tertiaries,  all 
from  the  amber  of  the  Haltic,  and  two  others  are  reported  as  known  to 
Menge  from  the  same  source.  All  the  descrilied  amber  species  aro  smaller 
than  the  American  species,  and  have  longer  legs  and  more  elongated  cepha- 
lothorax,  being  evidently  more  nearly  related  to  one  another  than  to  tlxj 
American  form.  Tlie  living  species  of  the  genus  are  found  in  southern 
Euntpe,  northern  Africa,  and  Chili,  witli  a  single  one  in  New  Zealand.  A 
warm  temperate  climate  is  therefore  indicated.     (November,  1881.) 

SeGESTRIA    8ECE8SA. 
ri.  11,  Fig.  L'8  (  9  ). 

Female. — Cephalotli(»rax  short,  rounded  ovate,  about  one-fourth  longer 
than  broad,  with  no  distinction  of  cephalic  and  thoracic  areas,  the  front 
broadly  rounded,  obscure,  with  no  trace  of  eyes.  Mandibles  very  stout, 
tapering,  rounded  at  the  tip,  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  half  as  long  as 
the  cephalothorax,  and  together  as  broad  at  base  as  the  front  of  the 
cephalothorax.  l*alpi  slender,  longer  than  the  cephalothorax.  Abdomen 
rather  long  ovate,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax,  and  a  little 
broader,  broadcwt  in  the  middle,  tapering  only  a  little  toward  the  base, 
considerably  toward  the  acuminate  tip.  Whole  body  of  an  almost  uni- 
fownly  dark  color.  Legs  subeepial,  moderately  long,  and  pretty  slender, 
tapering  a  little  only,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  furnislied  above  with  lateral  rows 
of  very  long  tapering  spines  which  do  not  diverge,  but  lie  along  the  sides 
base  Lo  tip. 

Length  of  body,  9.5""";  cephalothorax,  2.75""";  abdomen,  5  "iS"""" ; 
breadth  of  cephalothorax,  2.25'""';  abdomen,  2.65""";  length  of  cheliceres, 


«2 


TEUTIAKY  INSKOTrt  OF  NOItTII  AMKRICA. 


1.5""-,  bxti.ij  i>f  piilpi  boyoml  c«)rHoIot,  ;J. ."">""";  lunKth  of  lirHt  jmir  of  legs, 
10""";  itsfoiiioni,  3"'"';  tibiiu,  l.r)""";  tiirHi,  . ')..'')"'"';  hocoihI  pair,  9.5'"'";  fuiiiom 
luid  tll)iu«,  a.Tr)""";  tui-Hi,  ri.Tf)'"'";  third  pair,  fi.fi""";  femoni  and  til)iu',  2.fi''""; 
tai-Hi,  4'"'";  fomtli  pair,  H).'-""'";  fmiiora,  2.4'"'";  tihiiu,  2"'"';  tarsi,  5.8""". 

F^loriHHaiit.    Two  ,',  Xoh.  20.'),  and  l.«()6  and  1.818  of  tho  Princoton  col 
lections. 

Family  DHASSIDES  Sundevall. 

This  family  is  richly  ro|m)scnt«d  in  Tertiary  species  ;  indeed,  oxcept- 
itiji;  Theridides,  mont  richly  than  any  other  family  of  Araneides,  hein^'  repro- 
.sented  in  Hurope  by  the  ;;enera  Anat(»ne  (three  species),  (Mubiona  (eight 
species),  Macaria  (live  species),  Melauophora  (live  species),  I'ythonissa 
(ten  species),  and  Sosybiiis  (two  species),  as  well  as  by  one  species  each  of 
Anyphicna,  Drassus,  Krithus,  Ileteronnna,  and  Idinonia.  KiVery  one  of 
these  are  amber  species,  exceptiiifi^  one  Clubionn  and  one  Macaria  from 
<  )enin<»'en.  ( )nr  own  faniia  has  besides  this  yielded  fonr  species  of  Clubiona 
and  one  of  Anypha-na,  b(»th  genera  represented  in  amber,  and  one  also  at 
Oeningen.  Tlu' present  distribution  of  the  species  of  this  family  is  over 
the  whole  world,  but  the  borders  of  the  Mediterranean,  eastern  Europe, 
and  western  South  America  appear  to  be  far  the  most  richly  represented. 
Some  of  the  genera  are  c'-nlintHl  to  one  or  the  other  of  these  regions  and 
nearly  all  to  warm  temperate  regions.     (November,  1881.) 

CLUlilONA  Latreillo. 

A  number  of  species  appear  to  fall  here,  although  it  is  diflicult  to  tell 
whether  they  should  not  rather  be  referred  to  the  lyco.soi(l  genus  Dolo- 
medos  or  its  vicinity,  .so  uiu;ertain  are  the  clews  we  have  to  their  real  posi- 
tion; until  mor(>  .satisfactory  ."•pecimens  can  be  obtained  they  may  be  placed 
here,  the  more  so  as  the  species  all  bear  some  resemblance  to  the  amber 
spiders  referred  to  the  .same  genus,  (!.  eversa  to  ('.  tomeiitosa,  (J.  arcana  to 
C  sericea  and  C  lanata,  (!.  Iat(;brosa  to  (!.  attenuata,  and  C.  ostentata  to  C. 
inicro|>htlialma.  The  Oeniugen  species  .seems  to  be  very  different,  with  its 
rounded  abdomen.  Very  few  genera  of  spiders  are  so  richly  endowed  with 
fo.ssil  species  as  this,  Theri ilium  indeed  being  the  only  one  which  surpasses 
it,  ami  ne.\t  h>  it  comes  I'vthoni.ssa,  a  genus  of  the  same  fa*-  !ly  as  this. 
The  genus  is  widely  spread  in  modern  times.  A  few  speci«'s  are  conmion 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  Europe,  others  are  contined  to  the  Mediter- 


AUA(!UNii>i:a— AKANKiDKs— tuhitiilaum:.  63 

mnonii  reirioii,  a  v<frv  fow  iim  toiind  in  tlu»  Hiist  IiidifH,  mid  ii  V(*ry  liirj^o 
ituiiilM'r  lint  roportod  tVoiii  ('liili;  tlio  ^roiiiiM  is  tliurut'orc  mostly  rontiiiud  to 
wiiriii  tuiiipcmtu  rofjioiis.     (Noveiiibor,  1881.) 

Tabh  of  thu  nieolei  of  CMlona. 

('o|iliikliiMinriix  iililiiim  oviti,  iii'ikily  or  iiuirn  tliitii  onti-liiili' longer  tliitii  liroiid, 

l.iiHi  |iitl|iiil  Jiiliil.  of  iiiikli'  liii'U"  :  iiliiliiriiiiii  alioiit  iti|iiitll,Y  niiiiiili'il  iiiitrriorly  ami  poRtnrlorly,  tinlf 

UN  loiiK  j'^ikiii  iiH  till'  i'i'|iliiili)tliontx !■  <!■  evtria. 

l.iMl,  |i»l|iiil  Joint  ol'iiiitlKNiimll ;  iiliiloinmi  tiipcriiiK  lioNtnrlorly  nnil  but  llttU  loii)(itr  lliitii  tliii  I'lipliit- 

lollioruN H.  '-'.  latthrina. 

('()|iliiilotlioritx  niiitiiliNli  (iviil,  only  oiiH-l'iiiirth  iiroiiKllilnl  Ioiikkf  tluin  liroitd. 

Morct  lliiiiillviniiillliiK'lirN  Ion;;;  uliiloiiinn  iiiiiili  liti'K<'>'  'toil  loiiui^r  lliun  ri'|ihuIotliiiritx    'i.  ('.  arraiia. 

LuNM  tin  II  llvo  iMilliiiniturii  lon^ ;  ulxlinniMi  Nriurnly  JitrK^r  anil  lint  lltllu  loiiKtir  tliun  (!t<|ilinli)tliii- 

nn 4.  V.  oitentiila. 


1.   ClUIUONA    KVER8A. 
V\.\l,V\li.'22{S). 

Mdlr. — ( '(!|»hulotlionix(tl)()viit(3,  eciually  nmiided  at  the  two  oudrt,  more 
than  liidf  as  loiin^  a<raiii  as  l)road ;  tlie  cophalic  Hiid  thoracic  portions  not 
s(»pariil)lc ;  fntnt  bhintly  roniidtHl,  tho  oycs  too  po.>rIy  preserved  to  allow 
auv  stiitciinMit  concerning  tluMii.  Palpi  nearly  as  lon;r  as  the  cephalothorax, 
the  last  joint  very  hu}^e,  ovate,  snbacniniiiate  at  tip,  tlu*  longer  diameter 
almost  efpiidinj^  tiie  breadth  of  the  cepiialotliorax.  Abdomen  ovate,  half 
as  long  again  and  nearly  half  as  broad  again  as  tho  corselet,  almost  equally 
rounded  iit  the  two  ends,  but  largest  near  the  base  and  tapering  slightly 
more  beliind  than  in  front.  Whole  body  of  a  nearly  uniform  Itrown,  but  in 
one  specimen  the  swollen  paljiiil  joint  blacki.sh.  liCgs  nutderately  long,  not 
very  uncfpnd,  tapering,  abundantly  furnished  with  dark  divergent  spines, 
about  lis  long  as  tlu!  width  of  the  tibia*. 

i.engthof  body,  r).2""";  ceplndothorax,  2.1""";  abdomen,  3.\""";  width  of 
cephalothorax,  1. (!')""";  abdomen,  2""" ;  extension  of  palpi  l)eyond  corselet, 
1.7""";  longer  diameter  of  last  joint  of  same,  0.7"'"';  length  of  first  pair  of 
legs,  (;.7.")""" ;  its  femora,  2.25'"'" ;  tibiu^  2""" ;  tarsi,  2."»"'"' ;  second  pair, 
d.T.')'""';  its  femora,  2.;{"'"' ;  tibia-,  2.2""";  tarsi,  2.25""";  third  pair,  5.1""°; 
its  femora,  l.li""" ;  tibite,  1..V'"";  tarsi,  2""" ;  ftairth  pair,  G.6"'"' ;  its  femora, 
2.1'""';  tibia',  2.2""" ;  tar.si,  2.3""". 

This  species  is  not  very  far  removed  from  the  amber  species,  C  tomen- 
tosa,  but  is  sligiitly  larger  than  it  and  has  a  less  tapering  cephalothorax. 

Florissant.    Two  ^,  Nos.  5944,  H:)51. 


64 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.  Clubiona  arcana, 

PI.  11,  Fig.  4  ( ,J ). 

Male. — Coplialothoi'jix  rouiulisli  ovul,  iibout  one-third  longer  than  broad, 
the  ceplialic  and  thoracic  portions  completely  blen(h;d,  the  front  in  the  single 
iiidividnal  obsciu'e  with  no  trace  of  eyes,  (^heliceres  apparently  pretty 
large,  the  jjalpi  very  long,  icngorthan  the  prothorax,  the  last  joint  large  and 
swoll'^n,  ovate,  more  tl.in  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  and  black.  Abdomen 
a  little  paler  than  the  bro\  nish  cephalothorax,  long  ovate,  considerably 
longer  and  soinenhat  bro  ider  than  Mie  cephalothorax.  Legs  not  very  long, 
tapering  considerably,  amply  provided  with  more  or  less  divergent  slender 
spines  as  long  as  or  .slightly  longer  than  the  femora. 

Female. — Cephalothorax  ovate,  about  one-third  longer  than  broad,  the 
cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  completely  blended.  Palj)i  nearly  or  (piite 
as  loiig  ah  the  cephalothorax.  Alxlomen  .sometimes  lighter  than  the  cepha- 
lothorax, long  ovate,  considerably  longer  and  sometimes  a  little  broader  than 
il.  Legs  as  in  the  male,  the  spines  perhaps  a  liitle  shorter,  and  on  the  tarsi 
arranged  to  a  cei  tain  extent  in  rows,  not  not'ceable  on  the  male. 

Length  of  body,  f  5.25""",  ,^  6.65""";  of  cephalothorax,  ,7  l.TS""',  9 
2.15""";  of  abdomen,  A  3.5""",  ?  4.5""";  breadth  of  cephalothorax, ,(  1.3"""',  2 
l.-t""';  of  abdomen,  f  1.4""",  ?  1.75""";  extent  of  palpi  beyond  cephalotho- 
rax, ^  2""",  i  2""";  longer  diameter  of  last  pal()al  joint,  r  1.15""",  shorter 
diameter,  '  0.5""";  length  of  lirst  pair  of  legs,  '  7.5""",  ?  6.7.5""";  its  femora, 
,;?  2.05""",  ?  2.-;""" ;  til*ia',  f  2.tt""",  ?  2.35'""';  tar.si,  ,(  2..55"'"',  ?  2""" ;  second 
pair,  r  6.45'""',  ?  6""";  its  femora,  ^  l.K""",  ?  2.2""'^;  tibia', ,?  2..5""",  ?  1.65"""; 
t.irsi,  '  2.35""",  .  2.15""" ;  third  pair,  r  5.35""",  ?  5.5""";  its  femora,  '  1.35 
1.8""";  tibia',  /  2""',  -?  1.H5""" ;  tarsi,  J  2""",  ?  1.85""";  fonrth  pair,  /  7.75 
'?  8.3""";  its  femora,  J  2.15""",  ,  3""";  tibia',  /  2.6""",  ?2.55""" ;  tarsi,  ,(  3"'"', 
?  2.75""". 

This  species  agree.*-'  very  well  in  size  with  C  eversa  (only  males  of 
cour.se  comi)ared),  or  is  slightly  sinallcv  ami  the  legs  if  anything-  a  litth; 
longer;  the  cephalothorax  is  rounder  and  the  jialpal  swelling  nnu-h  more 
elongated.  It  is  somewhat  like  both  C  sericeaand  (',  lanata  of  the  Prussian 
amber,  but  is  somewhat  smaller  and  has  longer  legs  than  they. 

Florissant.  One  >!,  No.  2831;  three  ?,  Nos.  3253,  7087,  8082,  i)eside8 
a  9  from  the  Princeton  collection,  No.s.  1.807  and  1.819. 


■! 


III  III 


AJ{A011NIJ)EiS-AHANI<:iDES-TUliITELAULE. 


65 


•I 


3.    OHJBIONA   LATEBROSA. 

PI.  n,  Fiff.  ],s(,?), 

7lf„/,._(;ei,l,alotliorax  oval,  Luj^rest  behind  tlie  middle,  tapering  consid- 
erably Ht  either  end.  with  no  distinction  in  outline  between  the  cephalic  and 
thoracic  portions;  front  ol,scure  with  no  eyes  preserved.  Cheliceres  pretty 
hirr-e.  I'aJp,  very  long,  almost  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax,  terminal 
jomt  moderately  stout,  obpyriforn,.  Abdomen  paler  than  the  cephalothorax, 
"Hi.h  larger  than  it  by  rea.son  of  its  greate.  breadth,  but  only  about  one- 
tourth  longer,  largest  i.ear  the  base,  tapering  apicallv  to  a  blunt  tip,  its 
hasa  two-thirds  .-overed  ,.  -sely  with  long,  stout,  .lark-tipped,  fointly 
<-l..bl,ed  hairs.  Legs  long  and  slender,  subequal,  the  femora  and  tibia,  fur- 
n.shed  not  very  abundantly  with  moderately  long,  delicateb- tapering,  very 
hnely  pointed,  slightly  divergent  spines. 

Length  of  body,  9.1- ;  cephalothorax,  4-;  abdomen,  5.1 •  bre-idth 

of  cephalothorax,  1.6-"  =  abdon.en,  2.6™-  ;  extension  of  palpi  be3'ond  front 

ot  cephalothorax,  3 ;  length  of  fir.st  pair  of  legs,  8. Tf. :  second  pair  U"-™- 

third  pair,  !)""" ;  fourth  i)air,  y..5""". 

This  spe..ies  differs  from  all  the  others  here  described  in  its  taperin-r 
abdon,en  and  its  proportionally  consi.ierably  longer  legs;  the  palpal  swelN 
.ng  ,s  also  .sln.lerer  than  usual.  In  its  tapering  abdomen  as  well  as  in  other 
features  .t  comes  pretty  near  the  aml,er  species,  (J.  attenuata,  being  also  of 
the  same  size :  it  differs  from  it  in  its  longer  legs. 
F'lorissant.     One  /.  Xo.  (;4!I2. 

4.    Cli  lUOXA    OSTKNTATA. 
I'l.  II.Fij,.  L'4{c?). 
.W.._(:epha!orhorax  broH<l  oval,  about  one-half  longer  than  broad, 
well  rounded,  with  no  distinction  between  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions; 
.•out  well  roun.Iea.  but  tcv,  {K.orly  ,;..«erve.l  to  show  anv  eyes.     Ciieliceres 
large.     I'alp,  s.ry  long,  fully  as  long  as  the  .■ephalothorax.    The  apical  joint 
verystout,.>bpyriform,  being  Ur^.-st  at  .so.ne  distance  bevon<l  the  nnddle 
beyond  rapidly  tapering  to  an  obtuse  .ngh-:   it  is  blackisl/and  I)ears  within 
.ts  apical  two-thirds  a  .stout  ribb...  b.-nt  in  the  middle  at  less  than  a  ri-^ht 
angle,  the  bend  broadly  curved,  and  the  apic.f  half  tapering  to  a  point  whlh 
extends   ,ust  beyond  tl,<.  margin  ..f  the  swelli,,;.      AbdomM.  onlv  a  little 


I 


G6  TKKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTH  AMKKM  A. 

liirjrer  than  the  cepliiilothorax,  ovate,  largest  in  the  middle,  tapeiing  almost 
('(jnally  in  either  direction,  the  apex  slightly  iuij^led,  the  snrfiice  very  sparsely 
clothed  with  long,  extremely  delicate,  tapering  hairs.  Legs  moderatelv 
long,  delicately  tapering,  sparsely  fnrnished  with  scarce] \-  divergent  s])ines 
about  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  joint  on  which  tiiey  ar*'  seated. 

l-'emalc. — 'i'he  single  spe(umen  is  rather  poorly  preserved,  Jiiirdly  aihnit- 
ting  of  do«:T:j)tion.  It  is  stouter  than  the^male.  The  cephalothorax  appears 
to  he  roundish  (piadrafe,  hroadest  hehind,  scarcely  longer  than  hroad,  tlu! 
hind  margin  very  broadly,  the  front  somewhat  narrowly,  convex.  The 
abdomen  is  somewhat  larger  than  the  ce])iialothorax,  but  only  a  little  longer, 
broadest  anteriorly,  j)retty  well  rounjed  behind.  Legs  nnich  a.s  in  the 
male,  but  with  slight  traces  of  spinos. 

Length  of  bod}-,  '  o.r"",  -?  4.70  "' ;  cephalothorax,   '2.65 ,  ,  2.25"""; 

abdomen,  ^  2.75""",  .2.5""";  breadth  of  cephalothorax.  '  1.75""",  ■:  2.15"""; 
abdomen,  f  1.6""",  ^  2""";  extent  of  palpi  beyond  ceplialorhorax,  '  1.3.5"""; 
length  of  paljjal  swelling,  '  0.75""":  length  of  lii'st  pair  .f  legs,  '  7"'"',  ; 
(i.2'""';  femora,/'  2"'",  ?  1.5""";  tibia-,  '  2.25""".  ;  2.(i""":  rarsi,  '  2.75""",  ■. 
2.1""";  second  pair  of  legs,  m;.(;5""",  ,6.1""";  femora.  '2""  1.(1""";  tibiie, 
'2.25""",  ?  2.25""";  tarsi,  '  2.4""",  ?  2.2.5""":  tliird  pair  ot  leys.  '  5.15"""; 
femora,  f  1.2.5"'":  tibia>,  f  1.9'"";  tarsi,  '  2""":  tourth  pair  .-r  legs,  '  6.9""", 
?  4.6""";  femora,    r  2""",   ?  0.8.5"""  (?) ;  tibia',    '  2""",    ,    1.7.5"""  (f) ;  tarsi.   ' 

p  (iniln       -    .)nini 

This  species  Is  considerably  smaller  than  any  of  the  tuliers,  and  is 
further  distinguished  t'rom  tliem  l)y  the  ne;ir  eipudity  in  size  of  tlu^  ceplialo- 
thorax  and  abdomen  it  reseml)les  a  little  C.  micropiithalnia  of  the  Haltic 
amber,  and  is  of  the  same  size  as  it,  but  the  cephalic  j)ortion  of  the  cephalo- 
thorax is  not  distinguished  b\'  a  constriction  a.s  there,  and  our  species  has 
somewhat  stouter  legs. 

Florissant.     Two  /,  Xos.  i:»9,  55(»7  and  5910;  oi.e  ?,  No.  9624. 

ANY IM LENA  Sundev:dl. 

To  this  genus  I  refer  a  single  species,  manii'estiv  belonging  in  this 
vicinity,  and  approaching  it.  so  far  asnia\  be  judged  b\- tin- ^^cneral  appear- 
aiu;e  of  the  specimen,  as  closely  iis  ;ni\'  other  toriii.  Truces  ol'thc  I'Sc-cini 
be  .seen  in  this  specinn-ii,  and  if  correctK  interpreted  their  :iii;niL;t'meiit  is 
not  ex.H'tly  that  of  .\n\plia'nii,  .iltlmiinh  ii  Is   not  M-rv   d  lib  cut    from  that 


AKACHNIDES— AUANEIDE8— TUBI'liiJLARl.E. 


of  this  iiiid  allied  genera  of  Drassidae.     For  the  present,  at  least,  it  may 
remain  here. 

A  sing'le  species  of  Anypha^na  has  before  been  recorded  in  a  fossil  state, 
A.  fuscata,  found  in  amber,  but  it  differs  very  much  from  our  species,  and  the 
arranj^enient  of  the  eyes  in  particular  is  altogether  different.  All  the  species 
of  the  genus  now  living  have  been  found  in  southern  Europe  and  Algeria 
exccj^ting  one,  which  is  reported  from  the  Pacific  Islands  ;  and  our  species 
thus  indicates  a  warmer  climate  than  the  localit}'  at  present  enjoys. 

Anyi'h;i:na  intkhita. 

PI.  11,  Fig.  5. 

Cephalothorax  subcircular,  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  jjortions  wholly 
blended,  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins  a  little  flattened,  .so  as  to  be  nearly 
stiaight,  fully  as  broad  as  long,  furnished  with  short,  tapering  hairs.  Eyes 
apparent]}-  formed  of  two  approximated  pairs  of  small  ocelli  close  together 
in  a  sliglitly  curved  line  opening  f(trward  next  the  middle  of  the  front  mar- 
gin; two  slightly  larger  dir'jctly  behind  each  of  these  pairs,  and  slightly 
more  distant  from  each  ot'ior  than  eithc:-  is  from  th(»  pair  in  front,  and  two 
nnu'h  larger  lateral  ocelli  situated  next  tlit-  front  base  ot  the  front  pair  of 
legs  close  to  the  margin,  and  forming  with  the  posters >r  middle  eyes  a  very 
slightly  curved  series  of  nearly  equidistant  ocelli  opening  forward.  The 
pair  of  approximated  eyes  and  the  one  in  their  rear  are  faint  and  more  or 
less  conjectural.  If  this  position  of  the  eyes  is  correct  the  spider  should 
not  be  placed  in  xVnypi  rna,  but  would  certainly  appear  to  fall  near  it  and 
('lul)iona.  Cheliceres  ver\  stout,  projecting  in  front  o*f  the  cephalothorax 
by  half  the  length  of  the  latter,  and  togetlier  coiisiderabl)'  more  than  half  as 
broad  as  it.  well  roiuuled  apically  I'alpi  of  female  rather  longer  tlian  the 
C('|)halothorax,  moderatfly  stout.  Aixlomeii  iipparentlv  pedunculate,  the 
pt'duncle  long  and  slender,  the  a'wlomen  plump  oval,  well  and  very  regu- 
liirly  rounded  in  fiont.  and  bur  fi-r  rne  i-^pid  tapering  of  the  extreme  apev 
rather  mor«'  broadly  rounded  Itehiiwi.  i^egs  short,  subequal,  moderately 
stout,  es))e(!ially  the  femora.  tapiriuL"  tlr  'tighout,  well  armed  with  prettv 
large  tapering  spiu<->  of  eipuil  leugtk  ui  the  whole  leg,  and  about  as  long 
lis  the  width  of  Tbe  tibiic,  somewhat  divergent  and  irregularlv  disposed  on 
the  femorii.  bevoiwl  nrranged  apparently  in  two  or  three  row-  and  scarcely 
at  all  (li\«'r:r«'nt. 


68 


TERTIARY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


Lenpfth  of  body  (as  preserved),  11.5"'"';  of  coplialotliorax,  2.75""";  of 
abdomen  (without  pedicel),  (>""";  of  pedicel,  1'""';   breadth  of  cephalothorax, 

3.1'""';    of  iibdomeii,   4.1""";   leii;>tli  of  clielicercs,    l.<;' ;    of  palpi    beyond 

corselet,  ;5.3""";  of  first  pair  of  le^s,  S""":   its  femora,  ■_'.".""";  tii)iii',  2.(J '; 

tarsi,  2.9""";  of  second  pair  of  legs,  i>.2' ;  its  femora,  2.(1'"'";  tibiic,  ;{.25'"'"  ; 

tarsi,  3.35""";  of    bird  pair  of  le<»s,  7.5'"'";   its  femora,  2.;{ ;  tibia',  2.5'"'"; 

tursi,  2.7'"'";  of  fourth  |)air  of  legs,  10.75'"'";  its  femora,  2.!)'"'";  tibiic,  3.2'""'; 
tarsi,  4.15""". 

Florissant      One  ,  (and  reverse),  Nos,  S2i(lt  and  S2.SI. 

Family  AGALENIDES  Koch. 

This  famiK  of  'I'ubitelariii-  is  also  fairly  re})resented  in  Tertiarv  times, 
three  species  each  having  liecn  found  in  amber,  of  the  genera  Aniiiurobius 
and  Tegenaria,  and  one  each  of  Agalena  and  Argyroneta,  besides  which 
Oeningen  furnishes  an  ArgN'roneta  and  Rotf  an  Argyronela  and  a  Ilisto- 
poua.  To  this  list  we  can  a(hl  from  this  country  two  species  of  Titamcca, 
more  nearly  allied  apparently  to  the  amber  pecie>  of  Anianrohins  than  t<» 
any  other  fossils.  Far  the  largest  part  of  the  spet-ies  of  thi.-  faniih  are 
known  from  Knrop<',  l)Mt  a  few  from  America.      (Xovendicr,   issl.) 

Gourrct  has  recentiv  described  a  Tegenaria  fr  i!n  .V  \. 


TITAN(K('A    Thorell. 

Two  species  are  placed  in  this  genus  from  their  close  general  n^sem- 
blance  to  the  tvpe  of  the  .same,  llahn's  riierifliuni  »]uadngiinatinini  of 
Kurope.  The  genus  has  never  before  been  found  fossil,  I»itt  is  not  fair 
removed  from  Amanroliius.  of  which  three  s|>ecies  are  known  'n  t\m-  Kuro- 
pean  Tertiaries.  The  living  sf>ecies  of  the  genus  are  conlined,  so  far  as  I 
discover,  to  the  Mediterranean  <listricf  and  cemtral  Kurope,  as  are  most  of 
the  sj)ecies  of  .\nianroiaus.  hut  a  few  of"  the  latter  are  reported  froui  the 
warmer  parts  of  .\merica  .\.-  in  so  Miaii\-  other  cases,  therefor--,  the  pres- 
ence of  these  sjMicies  indicat*-*  a  warm  tc^nperate  climate.  iXoveml>er, 
IHHI.) 

Table  of  the  iptei'-  of  Tilniiimi. 

CV|ili»liilliiir;t<c  fiiiiall  :iii<)  i>\  :kl,  ^iluiiil  liull  .i~  luii^  an  lli<-  aliilniiiru 1.7'.  iiigeii nii. 

(.'r|ilialiirliorax  larjff  ami  ilongal.'    about  tli''i'e-fipiiiilit  tin-  Iciifilli  •<{  llir  alidniiii'U   'i.  T  Uenlernu. 


ARACHNIDES— AltANEIDES— TUBITELARI^. 


69 


,  1.    TiTANffiCA    INGENUA. 

PI.  11,  Figs.  29,  .S2  (  9  ). 

Cephalothonix  oval,  about  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  largest  a  little 
behind  the  niiddlo,  the  front  not  produced  but  regularly  rounded,  the  lateral 
curve  being  slightly  convex  tln-oughout  its  course,  and  thus  showing  no 
line  of  separation  between  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions.  Arrange- 
ment of  eyes  not  determinable.  Cheliceres  stout.  Palpi  moderately  stout, 
(Hpuil,  about  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax,  the  terminal  joint  roundly  pointed 
at  tip.  Abdomen  plump,  subrotund,  at  least  four  or  five  times  larger  than 
the  cephalothonix,  being  more  than  twice  as  broad  and  fully  twice  as  long 
as  it,  slightly  mort;  tapering  at  the  base  than  at  the  apex,  only  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  and  of  a  uniform  tint,  or  possibly  a  little  duskier  along  the 
nK^lio-dorsal  ))orti()n.  Legs  moderately  slender,  short,  subequal,  abun- 
dantly furnished  with  hairs,  which  seem  (conspicuously  in  one  specimen, 
No.  13520,  less  distinctly  in  others)  to  be  more  abundant  laterally  than 
upon  the  u})per  surface,  and  armed  with  many  very  long  and  slender  only 
slightl}  diverging  spines  on  all  the  legs,  and  especially  on  the  femora  and 
tibiie  of  the  two  liinder  pairs.     All  the  specimens  appear  to  be  females. 

Lengtii  :tf  lx)dy,  !).6""";  of  cephalothorax,  3.1""";  abdomen,  ().5""'; 
l)ieadth  of  ce[)halothorax,  2.4"'"';  abdomen,  5.U""" ;  length  of  first  pair  of 
legs,  H""";  second  pair,  7.6""";  third  pair,  7""";  fourth  pair,  8.75'""'. 

The  shape  of  the  ce))halothorax  and  abdomen  sufficiently  separate  this 
sj)ecies  from  the  following,  with  which  otherwise  it  agrees  closely  in  general 
appearance. 

Florissant.     Four  ?,  Nos.  ;)7!)2,  11203,  13520,  14031. 

2.    'PlTANO^.CA    IIESTERNA. 

Cephalothorax  obpyriform,  the  cephalic  portion  a  little  produced  and 
tapering  anteriorly  less  than  the  fully  rounded  thoracic  part,  and  somewhat 
truncate  anteriorly,  the  front  scarcely  convex,  the  posterior  border  well 
rounded;  tlie  widest  portion  of  the  cephalothorax  is  in  the  middle  of  the 
thoracic  part  or  of  the  hinder  two-thirds  of  the  whole,  aiul  it  is  nearly  half 
as  long  again  as  l)road.  Arrangement  of  eyes  not  determinable.  Chefi- 
ceres  stout.  I'alpi  moderately  stout,  e(pial,  a  little  shorter  than  the  cepha- 
lothorax, the  apical  joint  roundly  pointed  at  tip.     Abdomen  ovate,  about 


■ 


'  ;U 


70 


TEKTIARY  INSUdTS  OK  N<)|{TFr  AMKI{I(5A. 


half  as  broiid  again  as  the  cephalothorax,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
but  only  half  as  long  again  as  the  cephalothorax,  tapering  apically  as  much 
as  if  not  more  than  basally.  Legs  njoderately  slender,  short,  subetpial, 
abundantly  furnished  with  hairs  and  with  spines,  even  to  the  tips  of  the 
tarsi,  especially  on  the  two  hinder  pairs  of  legs,  much  as  in  T.  ingenua  and 
with  the  same  thinness  of  ('ovoring  above  as  there,  one  specimen  especially 
(r2!>77)  showing  it  in  the  same  marked  degree  as  one  of  the  preceding 
species.     As  there  also,  all  the  specimens  appear  to  be  females. 

Length  of  body,  7.1""";  cephalothorax,  2.;{"'"':  cheliceres,  1.5"'"';  abdo- 
men, 5"'"';  breadth  of  cephalothorax  anteriorly,  1.4'""';  greatest  breadth, 
2.1 ';  breadth  of  abdomen,  2.75"'"";  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  7""":  sec- 
ond pair,  7..'{"'"' ;  third  pair,  S-f)"'"' ;  fourth  pair,  S""". 

The  slenderer  form  of  the  whole  body  and  the  less  disparity  in  size 
between  the  cephalothorax  and  abdomen  mark  this  species  as  distinct  from 
the  preceding. 

Floris.sant.  Four  ?,  No.s.  56.56,  !200(;,  12!i77,  and  Princeton  (jollec- 
tion.  No  1.H09. 

Suborder  RETITELARI^  Thorell. 

Next  to  the  last  equivalent  group,  tliese  sjaders.  vvliicli  make  a  loose 
web  or  .snare  ai)|)arently  constructed  without  any  rogtdar  plan,  are  the 
most  numerous  in  Tertiary  deposits,  forming  in  Kuroj)e,  as  we  have  seen, 
2!>  per  cent  of  the  total  fauna.  This,  as  before,  is  dependent  in  large 
nieasure  upon  their  representation  in  andier,  which  contains  forty-eight  of 
the  fifty-five  described  species.  The  tiuinber  known  from  the  Huropean 
strata  is,  however,  greater  than  in  any  other  of  the  larger  grouj)s,  while 
the  American  species  of  the  .siime  here  brought  to  light  are  for  once  con- 
siderably less  numerous  than  the  Kuropean.  All  the  species  belong  to 
the  Theridides,  which  is  also  far  the  richest  in  forms  at  the  present  day. 
(November.  ISSI.) 

Family  THERIDIDES  Koch. 

There  is  no  single  family  of  spiders  so  abundantly  lepresentod  in  Ter- 
tiary deposits  as  the  Theridides.  No  less  than  fifty-four  species,  oi-  more 
than  one-fourth  the  whole  number  of  fossil  Araneides  of  Europe,  in-long  to 
this  group  and  represent  fourteen  genera.  Theridium  is  rich(>st.  with  six- 
teen species ;  then  follow  Thyelia  with  eleven:  Zilla,  Micryphante.s,  and 


M 


ARACHNIOES— AUANEIDES— RETITELARI.'B. 


71 


Ero  with  five  each ;  Liiiypliia  with  three,  Corynites  and  Erigone  with  two, 
and  Anaiidrus,*  Clya,  Diehvcata,  Euryopus,  Flegia,  and  Schellenbergia  with 
one  each.  Flogia,  Corynitis,  Aiiandrus,  Thyelia,  Clya,  Diehicata,  and  Schel- 
lenbergia are  all  peculiar  to  the  Tertiaries,  Schellenbergia  to  Oeningen,  the 
others  to  amber.  Nearly  all  the  species  are  from  amber,  but  beside  the 
S('hellenber<^ia  from  Oeningen  there  is  a  species  of  Erigone  and  two  of 
Lin}'phia  from  Rott,  and  two  species  of  Theridium  from  Oeningen  as  well 
as  another  from  Aix. 

America,  however,  does  not  bear  her  proportionate  share  in  this  repre- 
sentation, l)eing  poorer  even  than  the  stratified  deposits  of  Europe,  whereas 
in  every  other  group  it  is  either  better  representeil  or  falls  diort  by  only  a 
single  species.  There  is  a  single  species  of  Linyphia,  two  of  Theridium, 
and  some  egg-cocoons  referred  for  convenience  to  the  comprehensive  genus 
Ariinea.  Tiiat  two  of  the  three  species  known  in  the  perfect  state  should 
l)elong  to  the  genus  most  highly  favored  in  the  European  Tertiaries  is  a 
point  worth  noting. 

Tlu;  family  is  best  represented  in  Europe  (especially  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean district)  and  warm  temperate  America,  but  a  few  liave  been  found  in 
the  East  Indies.     (November,  1881.) 

Gourret,  in  his  recent  investigation  of  the  spiders  of  Aix,  found  but  a 
single  species  of  this  family  among  the  eighteen  Araneides  described  by 
him.     He  referred  it  to  Ariamnes. 

AHANEA  Linnd. 

Under  this  broad  generic  name  are  placed  notices  of  some  egg-cocoons 
which  ar<»  like  those  made  by  species  of  this  group  and  which  have  been 
found  at  no  less  than  three  distinct  localities.  I  am  not  aware  that  any 
such  remains  have  before  been  noticed. 


.\  KANE  A   COI.UMIil.*:. 
PI.  11,  Figs.  1,  2. 

.Iranea  cohonhiir  Scndiler,  lirp.  TrMgr.  (ieol.  Siirv.  Can.,  187(i-'<7,  4li;?-464  (1878). 

Among  the  stones  obtained  by  Mr.  Dawson 'in  Hritiish  Columbia  are 
several  <-ontainiiig  tlie  flattened  remains  of  the  egg-cocoons  of  Araneides. 
There  are  no  less  tlnui  eight  of  them,  of  difierent  shapes  and  sizes,  occurring 

'  Anaudriis  ia  credited  with  uno  Hpeuies,  but  it  is  not  described  (Meiigu,  Lebenazeicben,  etc.,  p.  7). 


ill 


<  I 


72 


TEKTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOIITII  AMERICA. 


by  pairs,  none  of  tlioni  rtiverses  (•('  others.  Tlioy  ori-iir  on  st«>iius  mnii- 
bered  3S  to  41.  As  tlio  foi'in  of  tbo  cg'jLf-coi'oonH  in  Anuiuidos  is  so  viirious, 
and  the  number  of  s))eciniens  found  indicates  a  probability  of  obtaining  at 
some  time  the  probable  constructor  of  the  webs,  1  liave  only  applied  an 
ancient,  broad  generic  name  to  these  products  of  the  insect,  i\.v  *ha  auke  ot 
indicating  the  nature  of  all  the  fossil  remains  from  Quosnel.  It  is  probable 
that  the  spider  will  be  found  most  nearly  allied  to  Theridium,  species  of 
which  construct  pedunculate  egg-cocoons  not  very  difierent  from  these. 
The  cocoons  vary  slightly  in  size,  and  niore  in  shape,  owing  no  doubt  to 
their  varying  position  when  crushed;  proba])ly  tliay  were  globular,  or  pos- 
sibly slightly  oval  in  shaje;  averaging  about  tive  millimeters  in  the  longer 
and  four  millimeters  in  the  shorter  diameter;  of  a  firm  .structure;  testaceous 
in  color,  and  hung  by  a  .slender  thread,  less,  or  nnr  h  less  than  quarter  the 
length  of  the  egg-cocoon  (averaging,  perhaps,  one  millimeter  in  length),  to 
a  thickened  mass  of  web,  attached  to  some  object  or  to  tlu»  ins(!ct's  web. 

That  they  have  been  preserved  by  pairs  upon  the  stones  has  no  signifi- 
cance, and,  indeed,  may  be  due  simidy  to  the  way  the  stones  were  broken; 
for  they  lie  at  varying  distances  apart,  with  no  sign  of  cmnection,  and 
placed  with  no  definite  relations  to  each  other.  Two  of  them  show  no  sign 
of  the  i)edicel,  but  this  is  certaiidy  due  to  poor  pre.servation ;  and  a  single 
one,  the  least  circular  (4()«)  n»»t  oidy  has  no  jjcdicel,  but  appears  to  be 
formed  of  a  lighter,  fiimsier  ti.ssue,  and  may  belong  to  a  different  species. 
The  following  are  the  longer  and  .shorter  diameter,  and  length  of  pedicel,  of 
each  .specimen : 


NuinlHT»fsi,..c.., ,,,„,„^^„.  ,lui.M«tt.r.,     ,.e.llc.-l. 


i    No.  :wfc. 
i    No,  :wc. 

No.  -.VJa. 

No.  ;«•/), 
No.  40a. 
No.  4(1*. 
No.  41a. 
.No.  4 Id 


Mm. 

.'..0 
ti.O 
4.(1 
4.(1 


.'i.  (I 

4.:> 


Mm. 

:!. .") 

4.0 

:i.  (i 
:i. .-. 
v.  r, 
:t.7 
;t  ;t 

4. -2 


Mm. 
L.'i 

0.8 

i.a 


1.0 

(•) 
(•) 


'  Kttsu  uuly  of  ikhUccI  iiruHei'vvil. 

The  egg-cocoon  of   a  si)ider  (No.  4201 ),  of  exactly  the  sanu!  size, 
shape,  and  general  appearance;  as  those  described  abov<f,  excepting  that  from 


AKACnNinKS— AUANKIDKS— RKTJTKLAKI^. 


78 


u  break  in  the  Htono  tlioro  Ih  no  tmco  of  u  pedicul,  was  Ibiiiul  by  mo  in  tlio 
sluilos  at  Groon  Uivor,  Wyoiuinjf. 

A  singlo  spt'cinion  (No.  H9,'jr>),  of  an  ogfj-cocoon  was  also  found  at 
Florissant,  Colorado,  liavin}^  tlio  sanio  jfeneral  appearance,  but  with  no  trace 
of  a  pedicel  and  sli<rlitl}'  lar<,'er  than  any  of  the  others,  being  (!'""'  long  and 
4"""  broad.     It  is  of  course  impossible  to  say  that  it  is  the  same  species. 

Still  another  (No.  1.173)  was  brought  by  the  Princeton  expedition  from 
Florissant,  differing  in  the  opposite  direction,  being  considerably  smaller 
and  so  i)roserved  as  to  appear  br(>ader  than  long.  It  is  provided  with  a 
pedicel  1.4"""  long,  1)ut  is  itself  only  2"""  long  and  2.5'""'  broad. 

Quesnel,  Green  River,  Florissant. 

TJIEKlDIU^r  Walckenaer. 

No  less  than  sixteen  fossil  species  of  this  genus  have  been  described, 
thirteen  from  amber,  one  from  the  beds  of  Aix,  at  about  the  .same  horizon, 
and  two  from  Oeningen.  Those  from  Oeningen  and  Aix  are  very  different 
from  the  two  here  descri))ed,  and  those  figured  from  and)er  are  scarcely 
nearer,  though  T.  opertaneum  bears  some  resemblance  to  T.  granulatuni, 
and  T.  seclusum  to  T.  liirtum.  The  vast  majority  of  the  numerous  known 
living  species  of  this  genus  are  from  Europe,  but  not  a  few  occur  in  our 
country,  especially  in  the  Southern  States,  and  one  or  two  are  reported  from 
other  parts  of  the  world.  It  is  therefore  almost  exclusively  a  north  temperate 
genus,  but  is  by  no  means  confined  to  the  warmer  parts,  and  its  occurrence 
at  Florissant  has  no  special  significance  as  to  the  climate  of  the  times. 
(November,  1881.) 

Tails  of  the  specie$  of  Theridiim. 

Largo  Hii«t'i«8;  thu  c(i,iltalotli(>i'iix  mufli  longer  tliiiii  broml  (  9  ) 1.  T.  0!>irtaiieiim. 

Small  ipcLieH;  tlio  cupliulutliurax  nearly  oirciilar  (  ^  ) 3.  T.  aecliiaiim. 

1.    TUKUIUIUM   OrKRTANKUM. 
ri.  11,  Fig.  3(9). 

Founle. — Ccphalothora.-  elongated,  comparatively  slender,  nearly  ecpial, 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Legs  slender,  imperfectly  preserved,  not  very 
long,  sparsely  furnished  with  rather  short  delicate  spines,  not  longer  than 
the  width  of  the  legs.  Abdomen  very  large,  nearly  globular,  nearly  three 
times  as  broad  as  the  cei)halothorax,  of  a  grfeenish  tingf,.  though  the  whole 
body  is  brown. 


74 


TI;KTIAKY  INHKCT8  OF  NOHTII  AMKHICA. 


l.oii;ftliot'lH)(ly,  11 ;  of  copIialollKtnix,  :•""";   hmKlthof  siuih;,  2.L'"""; 

of  uIkIoiik'Ii,  6. 1""";  loii^'tli  <»f  lirst  pair  of  fmnorii,  (>"""  ;  ftcuMtiul  pair,  fi"'"' ; 
Hecoinl  tihiui,  4'"'":  t\\\vA  foiiioni,  «""'":  tliircl  tibiii!,  2.4'""';  foiirtli  fciuoiii, 
3.2;'.""". 

UosiiU'M  its  vcM'v  iniu'li  {jfroatoi*  size,  this  spocios  dilVcrs  <;reatly  from  the 
other  in  the  form  of  the  ccphnlothorax. 

Florissant.     Out'  , ,  No.  l,'{r)2l,  presorvotl  on  a  dorsiil  view. 

2.  'I'liKUiuir.M  sK('Li:8rM. 
n.  11,  Fig.  L'»(,t  ). 

Muk, — Oc'plial(tthorax  stout,  stpiarc  ovnl,  n  littlo  loujjcr  only  than 
broad,  the  front  broadly  and  r<'<>ularly  rounded.  Cindiceres  nitlicr  stout,  as 
Ion;;  as  lialf  tlie  width  of  the  eoraolet,  tapering  a  littlo,  rounded  at  tlm  a))ex, 
the  outer  rdyo  straight,  the  iinier  rouiuled.  l/ist  joint  of  palpi  nearly  as 
lar;;e  as  the  ehelicores,  oval,  on  a  stalk  as  Ion;;;'  as  the  cophalothoi  These 

two  parts  are  ine(»rrt'<'tly  repre.sented  on  the  plate,  where  the  pali)i  andcheli- 
cercs  appear  as  one  ^'reat  jjiecd.  Abdomen  rather  small,  oval,  narrowi^r 
than  the  ccphalothorax,  but  of  about  the  .same  length.  Legs  long  and 
slender,  the  first  pair  partieularly  long,  and  the  second  pair  consideraldy 
lonyer  than  the  fourth,  whieh  is  unusuallv  slender  :  all  the  legs  are  furnisht'd 
with  numerou.s  spines,  apparently  arranged  In  three  rows  and  clustered  much 
more  n\imerously  at  the  distal  end  of  the  femora  and  tibia-  than  elsewhere; 
the  spines  are  moderately  slender  and  about  as  long  as  the  width  of  the 
joints,  separated  from  one  another  by  al)ont  their  own  length,  sometimes  a 
litth;  le.ss. 

Length  of  body,  4.")""" ;  of  abdomen,  2,2')""" ;  width  of  cephalothorax, 
1.6iV""':  of  abdomen,  1.2'"'";  length  of  eheliceres,  O.?."*""" :  of  lirst  pair  ot 
legs,  15'""':   its  femora,  I..')"'"';   tibia-,  4.. V'"" ;  tarsi,  6""" ;  .second  pair  of  logs, 

!•_»"'"' :  femora.  ;{.7."»' ;  tibia-,  a. 7.')' :  tarsi,  4.5'"'" ;  third  pair  of  legs,  .'..25"""  ; 

femora,  14'""';  tiliia-,  1.1 ;   tarsi,  2.7.".'"'" :   fourth  jjair  of  leg.s,  9""" ;  femora, 

3..")'"'"{?):   tibia-.  1  ..T'"  ( .' ) ;  tarsi,  4""". 

The  species  is  very  nmch  smaller  than  T.  opertaneum,  besides  having 
a  very  dilTerent  corselet. 

Florissant.  Xos.  228(),  7Hl(j,  y02().  All  the  specimens  appear  to  be 
males. 


aii.v<'HN!I)Ks~.\I!.\ni:iiu:h— wrnTKi.Aiti.K. 


T» 


MNVI'lllA    Latnillc. 

Two  s|KM',ioH  of  tins  }>;oiiiiH  linvc  liccn  ihrnrriltcil  tVoin  Rott,  and  one 
(foniKii'Iy  (ronsi(!  nnX  two)  Mpi'iios  Frnm  ainlicr.  'I'Ik*  siii<ilo  H|)(H'i<'K  we  ciiii 
]\('.n)  luUl  to  tin*  Miinilii'f  is  tolcriibly  iicurly  iillicd  to  tlio  iiinl)oi*  .s|)ocm«>«,  ii« 
wull  iiH  t(»  \j.  rotti'iisis  of  tlio  lilioiiisli  hiowii  i  oal,  thmi^fh  it  U  nuicli  liirgor 
than  tlio  lattiT.  Tlic  livinjj;'  H|R'('i('H  arc  fonn<l  abinulaiitly  in  all  pailH  of 
Kni'opu,  oxcoptin^jf  itossibly  the  most  sonthcrn,  and  scvcial  spccios  are 
rocorih'd  from  (loorj^iu  and  from  (liili.  Its  proHoncct  at  hMorissunt  would 
rather  imlicaU!  a  mean  tcnipyratocdiinato.  The  spocif^naro  Hvuly  an  iH.-iviig'd 
in  (diarac^tcr,  constructing'-  u  rather  « ompHcated  sheet  of  Wel»,  nn(Un-  tlio 
middle  of  which  they  lie  in  wait  in  an  inverted  position  for  their  prey. 
(Xovenihcr,  ISKl.) 

I.IWI'niA    KKTKNHA. 

I'l.  II,  rigs.  U.-.,  27  (<J  ). 

A  sinjfle  male  ami  its  reverse  re|)resent  this  species;  the  reverse  was 
broken,  and  tint  jjosterior  portion  fiLinred  before  its  anterior  half  was  found; 
lienct!  the  specimen  is  nnmliered  three  times;  it  is  tolerably  well  preserved, 
especially  the  le^jfs  The  better  preserved  half  shows  a  nearly  uniform 
dusky  figure  upon  the  stone,  but  on  the  reverse  the  abdomen  is  imndi 
darker,  almost  black,  and  the  palpi  also  are  darker  than  the  eephah)thora\. 
The  latter  is  regularly  oval,  the  anterior  extremity  the  more  pointed:  upon 
this  some  t)celli  may  l»e  seen,  of  which  there  are  apparently  two  approxi- 
mate biif  .dependent  ones  next  the  middle,  and  ou  one  side  a  pair  f)f  con- 
,';"••  ,  of  the  same  size,  all  next  the  anterior  ed;^e.  The  last  pal})al 
joint  IS  larj^e,  subcircnlar,  or  somewhat  pyriform,  ftuMiished  interiorly  with 
a  stout,  strongly  bent  ribbon,  and  is  perched  on  a  stalk  long  enough  to  carry 
it  by  its  own  width  beyond  the  margin  of  the  corselet.  Abdonu^n  regularly 
obovate,  a  trille  brnader  in  front  than  behind,  somewhat  longer  than  the 
corselet,  and  roundly  pointed  behind.  Legs  very  long  and  slender,  except- 
ing tlie  tliiril  i)air,  which  an;  short,  all  the  femora  rather  sparsely  furnished 
with  very  delicate  spines. 

Length  of  body,  7.1'""';  of  abdomen,  4""";  breadth  of  cephalothora> 
2""";  Mf  abdomen,  2.1.")""":  diameter  of  palpal  swelling,  1'""';  length  of  lirst 
pairoflegs,  1!)""":   second  pair,  lo.r)'"'" ;   third  pair,  G.D""" ;   fourth  pair,  14"""; 
fu>'    pair  femora,  ()'"'";  tibia',  7'"'";  tarsi,  6""'";  second  pair  femora,  f)'""'; 


■I 


I! 

i 


7»J 


Ti;i{TiA.  V  ;.. SKITS  or  Noirni  amiiijkja. 


11 


tibia',  r).r»""";  tiirni,  :.'""';  tliinl  pair  of  lViiii>iii.  2..V'"" :  tlWuv,  '2.\ :  tm-rti, 

L*""":  foiirtli  piiir  <»f  femora,  4.:>""" ;  tibia",  4..'i ;  tiii»<i,  :.""". 

'I'liiri  HjK'cit's  tlitVerrt  tVom  I,,  fboitacantha  in  its  coiiHidfrably  lar^roi- size, 
tht>  abHoiicu  of  distant  Mpiiics  ii|ioii  tbu  IcK**!  '>i>*l  >(>*  iiiiicli  tnori*  sIciMlt'i'  cepba- 
lotborax  and  lon^fcr  Ic^js. 

FlorisHant.     On."  ',  Xos.  1297(1  and  l.'J21"J  and  t  lo.'l'J. 

Suborder  ORBITELARIvE  Thorell. 

The  synnnctrical-wol)  constniftin^^'  spiders,  tboii^rb  nut  rare  In  Tertiarv 
dopnsits,  are  not  so  eoninion  as  tlu'ii'  al)nndanee  in  reeent  times  woidd  lead 
one  to  anticipate,  for,  as  wo  bave  seen,  only  S  per  cent  (»f  tbe  i'iiiropean 
fossil  spiders  belon^r  to  tliis  ;;ronp,  and  all  or  nearly  all  of  tlieni  are  Kpei- 
ridt's.  In  tins  nnnd)er  are  not  incliide(l  two  or  tbree  s|)ecies  described  b\' 
older  autliors  nnder  tbe  name  of  Aranea,  tbe  precis(>  location  of  wbicb  is 
and  must  prol)al»ly  always  remain  uncertain.  'I'liirteen  species  are  credited 
to  aml)er,  two  to  Uolt,  and  oni^  to  <  )eninjien.  In  our  own  cnnntr\'  tlas  case  is 
very  ditftu'ent,  for  nearly  one-liidf  of  oiu'  sjiecies  (41  per  cent)  are  to  bo 
refern.'d  to  tbis  ;rroup,  and  all  al-o  are  Mpeirides.  It  is  tbe  one  considerable 
I'oint  in  wliicli  tbe  American  fauna  may  be  contraste(l  witb  tbe  Kuropean. 
In  l{ottalon(^  of  all  tbe  Kuropean  localities  (wbere  tbe  ()rl)itehn'ia'  lorm  one- 
foiirtb  of  tbe  known  fauna)  do  we  bave  any  approacb  to  tbe  proportionate 
number  of  tbis  j^reat  jiri'oup.     (November.  ixSI.) 

Family  EPEIRIDES  Sundevnil. 

Tbe  ficuera  of  Mpeirides  represented  in  tbe  Kuropean  Tertiaries  are 
Kjieira  (livc!  species),  of  wbicb  two  come  fnnn  Uott  and  one  from  ()enin;;('n, 
(Jra'a  (tour  species),  Antopia  (tbree  species),  <  )nca  (two  species),  and 
Kj)eiiidion  and  Siu-a  (one  species  eacb).  Tbe  American  fauna  is  nearly  as 
ri(li,  ricber  for  once  tban  tbe  aiidter,  wbence  lome  all  tbe  Kuropean  species 
except  fliose  specit'.cd  above,  end>racin;»'  seven  or  more  species  of  Kpeira, 
four  ol  iinextinct  j^enus.  'retbiieus,  and  ime  eacb  of  Tetra^^iiatba  and  Xepbilii, 
;f».'nera  liefore  unknown  in  tbe  fossil  state.  Not  only,  tben,  is  tbe  American 
fauna  pecidiar  tor  its  riclmess  in  species  ol'  tbis  family,  but  no  otber  sbows 
so  many  novel  forms  for  tbe  Tertiary  epocb.  One  of  tbese  latter  }j|;enera  pre- 
dumiiiates  ill  America  and  tbe  <»tber  is  u  tropical  j^enns,  wbicb  lends  addi- 

'  Tim  Irriiiinal  puil  nf  llir  liylil  taixi  hh  givi^ii  in  Vnf.  •.'"  lUivn  nut  lielonj;  to  tin'  tarni. 


n 


Ai{.\«'iiNiin;s-Ai{ANKii)r,M-<>unrn;iiAiti-i':. 


77 


tioiml  iiitorcst  to  their  diMi'Dvcry.     'I'lii!  M|to('i('.s  arc  Hprt'iid  nil  over  tlu*  jifU»lK* 
ill  linlli  fciii|icriito  iiild  toiiid  icyiniis.      (  NnvtMllliff,   iMSl.) 

Ar  Ai\,  (ioiiirct  toimd  Imt  :i  sinuh-  iiifiiili*ti- of  tliJH  fiiiiiil) ,  wliicli  Ik* 
rcturrcd  to  ti  distinct  j^ciiiih  nillcd  ( '<>rfidit>llti. 

'IK'lh'AliNA'niA   L.iti.Hlc. 

'I'liiM  ^ciiiiH  liiiH  n(3V('i'  hot'om  hctMi  n-ro^iii/.t-d  in  ii  t'osHil  Htatc,  Altliongli 
r(*|>n'scnf(M|  in  ovcry  (•(nitincnt,  it  is  only  in  Aincricii  and  particniarly  in  tlie 
wariiKT  parts  of  North  America  that  it  is  at  all  ahundant:  here  sonic  spccius 
raiif;o  north  to  Now  I'iii^fland,  hnr  it  is  essentially  a  ^oiiiis  of  tlut  Soiitheni 
8tut.oH;  these  spiders  fnMjiieiit  the  liordei's  of  poiulM  and  hoiico  it  is  not 
Htriin*j>'(t  that  we  shonhl  find  thoin  in  tlio  lake  deposits  of  Florissant,  althon^rh 
their  prcwonce  tlieiut  certainly  indicates  a  warnitir  climate  than  tlie  present. 
'I'he  spocics  horo  described  does  not  appear  to  have  special  atlinities  with 
the  American  species  with  which  I  luivo  been  alile  to  eonipare  it,  beiiij>- 
stouter  bodied  than  they.     (Noveinlior,  18H1,) 

'rKTKAONATllA    TKUTIAItlA. 
n.  ll,riB.  11  (<5). 
Tflraijiuithn  Urliarui  Sciidilcr,  Zittcl,  lliiiiaii.  il.  I'liloont.,  I,  ii,  714,  I'ig.  '^•i^  (IHfh). 

\  siiif^lo  male  and  its  reverse  represent  the  under  surface  of  this  spe- 
cies; as  preserved,  it  is  of  a  palo  rusty  color,  the  cephalnthoracic  ap^)end- 
a<^es  much  darker  than  the  alidomen,  which  is  as  pale  as  the  legs,  or  than 
the  cephalothorax,  which  is  nearly  as  pale.  The  cephalothorax  is  circular 
or  scarcely  lonj^itndinally  oval,  the  exposed  ventral  portion  between  the 
bases  of  the  inandibhts  and  legs  shield-shaped  or  heart-shaped.  '^Fhe  man- 
dibles are  very  larj^e,  longer  than  the  cephalothorax,  broader  on  the  apical 
than  on  the  basal  half  and  thus  formed  of  two  jiarts,  a  basal,  straij^ht,  equal 
piece,  as  bro.id  as  tlu^  third  or  fourth  lo<^s  and  about  donlile  the  longtli  of 
the  coxu'.  iiiiil  an  apical  ovate*  portion,  not  unlike  the  apical  joint  of  the 
palpi,  somewhat  Ioiij>er  than  the  basal  portion  and  fully  half  as  broad  again 
as  the  front  legs.  Ueyond  these,  and  separated  from  them  by  a  little  space, 
and  thtM'efore  supported  bv  a  long  pedicel,  which  however  is  not  preserved, 
are  tin*  apical  jialpal  joints,  a  little  smaller  than  the  ai)ical  portion  of  the 
mandibles  and  of  about  the  .same  shape,  in  the  interior  of  which  a  strongly 
curveil  coriieoiis  thread  can   be  made  out,  forming  more  than  a  complete 


-f 


i :  ■ 


;    \ 


\^      ' 


m 

m 


78  TEKTIAUV    INSECTS  OF  NOUTII  AMlClilCA. 

circle.  The  legs,  of  which  only  the  third  and  fourth  puirs  are  poi'fect,  are 
very  long-,  excepting  the  third  pair;  the  femora  and  perhaps  the  tibia;  have  a 
sniiei'ior  series  of  alternately  diverging,  slender.  v(^ry  distant  spines,  farther 
from  one  another  than  their  own  lengths.  TJie  abdomen  is  long  oliovate, 
siibcvlindrical,  a  little  tlu;  largest  at  the  base,  as  long  .is  th(>  ceijhalothorax 
and  cheliceres  together. 

Lengtii  of  body.  10""";  of  abdon>en,  ;'»"'"';  breiidth  of  cephalothorax, 
•J..")"'"';  (»f  abdomen,  2.3"'"';  length  of  mandibles,  3.2""";  breadth  of  the  basal 
portion,  0.7""".  of  the  apical  portion,  1.3'"'";  greatest  diameter  of  last  palpal 
j(»int,  1.2.0'"'".  least  diameter  of  .same,  l.lo'"'";  length  of  femora  of  Jirst  pair 
of  leg.s,  S.7.5""";  of  .second,  7""";  of  thh-d,  :\J)"'"':  of  fonrth,  7'"'";  lengtli  of 
tliird  i)air  of  legs,  '.1.5 ;  of  fourth  pair,  18..')""". 

FInris.sint.     One  ',  Xos.  oOOO  and  .5.S!IS. 

TETIINEUS,  gen.  nov.  {(-h'tlauc^). 

Under  tliis  name  are  h(>re  grouped  sevend  evidently  nearlv  allied  spe- 
cies of  spiders,  which  closely  resemble  in  general  aspect  thost;  placed  under 
l]l)eira,  but  which  differ  also  bom  them  in  certai:i  features,  and  in  these 
same  characteristics  appear  to  dirt'er  also  fron»  all  other  Kpeiiides,  to  which 
family  t'.iov  evidently  belong.  'I'liey  iire  compact  in  I'orin,  with  short  and 
stout  legs  of  not  very  unequal  length,  and  in  particular  the  first  two  pairs 
(tf  legs  are  unusually  heavy.  The  second  and  fourth  pairs  of  legs  are  of 
nearly  equal  length,  or  the  .second  pair  may  be  slightly  longer;  the  femora 
of  the  first  and  second  pairs  of  legs  are  at  base  as  Inoad  as  or  even  broader 
than  half  the  width  of  (he  cephalotlutrax,  and  the  longest  legs  are  less,  gen- 
erally consideraljly  less,  than  twici-  as  lung  as  the  l)o(ly.  The  species  are 
of  medium  size. 

I'lihli'  <tf  till  n/itiitH  lit'  i^illiiinttt. 

Cepliiilic  ami  llioraoic  iiorlions  i>l'  tins  roiHcli-t  Mr|iaialiil  liy  .1  lli^tiIll:l  riiiiiiii^dliir  iiiriNiim. 

Last  palpal  ,j"iiit  ipI'  iiiali'  cliiliiimi I.  T,  iiuijati. 

Last  palpal  .jiiiiit  nt  inali'  iloiinati'il l.  /'.  /iini'fcddi. 

No  111      if  cliiiiarliutiDii  brtwciMi  tlic  Iwip  parlH  of  llio  ('(iiscli'!. 

Smaller  spi'uii's,  ci'plialdtlicirax  ic-;{iilai  l\  uliovati- ','   /',  oUdiiraluH. 

liarger  gpecion,  cephiilothdraN  nvair,  nearly  |i>  nloriii ;!.  T.  henlzii. 

1.    Tk)IIM.I'S    Ot'VOTI. 
I'l.  II,  KiK.s.  ,S  (  <J  ),  10(9). 

» 'ephalothotax  roundly  oljovatf,  not  nuich  longer  than  broad,  broadest 
liehiud  till-  middle,  the  cepli.alic  separated  from  the  llioracic  portion  by  a 
deep  iiicisi:)ii.  n.-acliing  nearlv  to  the  middle  of  the  whole  section ;  and  behind 


AKA(JIIN1I)H8~AKANK1J)KS— OHHlTELAKIvK. 


79 


it  IS  a  distinct,  short,  median  furrow.  The  front  is  well  rounded;  nothing 
can  1)0  said  of  the  eyes;  the  hist  palpal  joint  of  the  male  is  very  large  and 
<^'lobose,  the  liasal  joints  e-,  idently  short.  Abdomen  a  little  larger  than  the 
ceplialothorax  and  of  the  same  general  form,  l)ut  more  regidarly  obovate. 
i^egs,  especially  in  the  male,  rather  short,  the  femora  being  also  very  stout; 
til)ia'  and  tarsi  (but  not  the  femora)  furnished  with  a  superior  row  of  irreg- 
ularly alternating,  somewhat  divergent,  long  and  slender  spines  on  either 
side. 

Length  of  body,  S  T.V.-i,    ?  8.5""";  of  cophalothora.x,    '  a.5,  ,    4.25 ; 

width  of  same,  ./:  3.8,  y  3.25""";  length  of  abdomen,  '  4.25,  ?  4.25""";  width 
of  same,  .7  4.  9  3.5""";  diameter  of  last  palpal  joint,  '  1.4""";  length  of  tirst 
pair  of  legs,  S  12.75-12,  •?  IS.S"'";  its  tibia,  '  4.2-4""";  tarsi,  <?  '^.1-4.5"""; 
width  of  femora,  '  1.2-1,  ?  0.8"'">;  second  pair,  ^  11.75-10.5  ?  14?r)""";  its 
tibia,  ,r  i-3.25'""';  tarsi,  ^  3.75-3.75""';  third  pair,  ,^  7.75--!  o,  ?  8.5""";  its 
tibia,  '  2.5-2,  ?  2.5""";  tarsi,  -f  2.5-2.25,  ,'  3.5""";  fourth  j^air,  ?  9.25-8,  ? 
12.75""";  its  tibia,  /  3.25-2.5,  v  4"'"';  tarsi,   '  3-2.5,  ?  4.25'""'. 

The  second  measuiements  of  the  legs  of  the  male  are  of  a b  nailer  indi- 
vidual. It  will  be  seen  that  the  sticond  pair  of  legs  are  proponionatel}- 
longer  in  the  female  than  in  the  male,  where  they  are  shorter  than  in  the 
first  pair. 

The  species  is  represented  by  four  individuals,  one  of  them  in  dupli- 
cate. All  but  one  are  males  and,  excepting  one  male,  all  are  tolerably  pre- 
served. 

Named  for  the  late  Prof.  Arnold  Gu}'ot,  to  whose  kindness  I  am 
indebted  for  the  opportunity  of  studying  the  Princeton  collection  of  Floris- 
sant insects. 

Florissant.  ; ,  No.  320:  ^,  Nos.  8^(j5,  8311,  and  from  the  Princeton 
collection,  one  <r,  Nos.  1.808  and  1.854. 

2.    TeTHNEUS    OBnURATUS. 
PI.  11,  Fi}?.  31  (9). 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  rather  poor  specimen,  pretty 
certaini}-  athliatod  with  the  others  of  this  genus,  but  smaller  than  any  of 
them.  The  cephalothora'c  is  of  a  very  regular  obovate  form,  nearly  half  as 
long  again  as  broad,  with  a  small,  circular,  dark,  central  spot ;  no  line  of 
demarkation  of  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  can  be  seen  ;  the  front  is 


r^ssrz 


80 


TEltTIAUY  INSECTS  OK  NOllTU  AMERICA. 


!l 


'^    l\ 


Htroi)<r]y  convex,  but  no  certain  trace  of  the  eyes  can  be  made  out.  The 
1  alpi  (female)  are  .stout  and  larjLife,  taperin*^  apioally,  but  bhiutly  pointed. 
'^I  .le  le{;'s  are  very  .stout,  but  unfortunately  hardly  any  of  llicni  perfect. 

Length  of  cephalothorax,  3.(>""" ;  breadth,  2.7""" ;  projection  of  palpi 
beyond  front,  2""";  their  breadth.  0  4""";  breadth  of  fore  femora,  1"'"' ; 
length  of  femora  of  first  pair  of  legs,  2""" ;  tibia",  3"'"' ;  femora  of  second  ])air 
of  legs,  2.5""";  tibite,  IV'"";  tarsi,  3"'"':  fcMuora  of  third  pair,  1.5""";  tibije, 
2'""';  tarsi,  2.5""';  femora  of  fourth  pair,  2.25"'"'. 

Floris.saut.     One  ,,  No.  7177. 

y.    IVrHNKUS   IIKNT/II. 

PI.  11,  FifT.  li{S). 

Tethnmia  liciil:ii  ScikIiUt,  Zitl.l,  llamll..  .1.  I'ahn.iit.,  I,  ii,  T4I,  li},'.  '.hJS  (ISa'O. 

This  species  is  represented  by  seven  individuals,  one  of  tliem  in  dupli- 
cate and  all  of  them  males.  About  half  of  them  are  well  preserved,  'i'he 
cephalothorax  is  short  ovate,  almost  pyriform.  liroade.st  behind  and  strongly 
convex  in  front,  with  no  dem;n-kation  between  the  cephalic  and  thoracic 
portion.s  of  the  corselet ;  although  there  are  traces  of  the  eyes,  their  position 
and  relations  can  not  be  satisfactorily  determined.  Palpi  short,  the  terminal 
joint  barely  separated  entirely  from  the  front,  very  largo  and  globose,  a 
little  longer  than  broad  by  rea.sf.r  if  a  broad  bulbous  protrusion  of  the 
anterior  extremitv,  which,  however,  is  not  clearly  apparent  ii\  all  the  speci- 
mens by  their  mode  of  preservation  :  in  one  specimen  the  upper  anterior 
extremity,  and  that  only,  is  covered  with  rather  long  and  close  bristly  hairs, 
forming  an  open  tuft.  Abilomen  nearly  circular,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
oidy  a  little  larger  than  the  ce))halotliora\  and  of  a  lighter  color  than  it, 
with  a  darker,  broad,  median  patch  not  so  deej)  in  t'nt  as  the  cephalothorax. 
Legs  short,  .stout,  tapering,  spinous,  and  hairv  throughout,  of  not  greatly 
un((|nal  length,  the  femora  very  stout  and  tapering  more  lapidly  near  the 
tip  than  elsewhere. 

Length  of  l)ody.  lift"'"';  width  of  same,  3""":  length  of  cephalothorax, 
;)..^'""';  of  abdomen.  ;;.2.")""" :  longer  diameter  of  last  joint  of  palpi,  1.4""": 
length  of  first  paii' of  legs.  l;i.75"""  ;  its  coxa.  1.1""":  feumr,  3.1""";  tibia, 
1""" :  tirst  tarsal  joint,  con.solidated  with  the  til)ia,  2.75""" :  the  tarsus  proper, 

r>""":  length  of  second  pair  of  legs,  11..'. ;   its  i-oxa,  1.5""';   femur,  2.7""" ; 

tibia,  r ;   first  tarsal  joint,  2.3'""' ;   tarsus  pioper,   I""":   length  of  third  p.iir 


AKACHNIDKS— AHANKIDKS— OHHJTELAKl.E. 


81 


of  legs,  7.25'"'" ;  its  coxa,  0.7a""" ;  fenuir,  2""" ;  tibia,  O.M'""' ;  first  tarsal  joint, 
1  3""";  tarsus  proper,  2.4'"'" ;  l<Mi<rtli  of  fourth  pairof  leg.s,  11.25'"'" ;  its  coxa, 
0.75""";  femur,  2.75'"'" ;  tibia,  l""'" ;  iiist  tarsal  joint,  1.75""" ;  tarsus  proper, 
;}""". 

Named  for  the  Anierican  arachnolo<j;ist,  the  late  Pro4'.  N.  M.  Mentz. 

Tliis  species  (litters  from  T.  guyoti  in  wanting  iiny  distinct  tlemarkation 
of  the  thoracic  and  cephalic  portions  of  the  corselet,  in  the  spiny  character 
of  the  femora,  and  in  the  longer  and  more  tapering  legs.     It  is  also  smaller. 

Florissant.  Seven  S,  Nos.  122G,  1447,  8860,  (5000,  8533  and  8635, 
8681),  141J82. 

4.  Tethneus  pkovectus. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  21  (  5  ). 

Four  specimens,  one  of  them  in  duplicate  iind  all  of  them  tolerably 
preserved,  represent  both  sexes  of  this  species.  Cephalothorax  of  female 
(that  of  the  male  too  vague  for  determination  of  form)  rounded  subcpuidrate, 
broadest  and  subangulated  behind  the  middle,  the  rapidly  narrowing  front 
almost  straight  anteriorly,  and  scarcely  more  than  one-fornth  the  width  of 
the  posterior  portion  ;  cephaiic  separated  from  the  thoracic  portion  of  the 
corselet  by  a  rectangular  incision  and  by  the  slightly  concave  curve  of  the 
sides  of  the  anterior  half;  the  cephalic  is  also  distinctly  darker  than  the 
thoraci(^  region.  Nothing  can  Itc  said  of  the  eyes.  'Hie  last  palpal  joint  of 
the  male  is  large,  '-ounded  (pmdrate,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad  ;  tlie  palpi 
of  the  female  ai'c  as  stout  as  the  base  of  the  front  tarsi,  hairy,  tapering  only 
on  the  a])i('al  half  of  the  terminal  joint,  rather  bltinth'  jxtinted,  extending 
nearly  as  far  beyond  the  front  as  the  whole  length  of  the  cephalothorax. 
.Mxlomen  as  dark  as  the  cephalic  portion  of  the  corselet,  in  the  female 
plump,  nnnided,  slightly  ovate,  considerably  larger  than  the  cephalothorax, 
the  a\)e\  almost  angulated ;  in  the  male  rounded  subfusiform,  much  longer 
than  the  cephalothorax,  but  not  greatly  broader.  Legs  very  hairy  but 
without  conspiciuius  spines,  the  femora  very  stout,  and  at  the  tip  rapidly 
ta|)ering,  the  rest  of  the  legs  diminishing  in  size  less  noticeably  than  in  the 
j)receding  species. 

Length  of  body,  6.5'"'";  <»f  cephalothorax,  .".""";  of  al)domen,  3.5"""; 
breadth   (.f  cephalothorax,   2.S'"'"  ;  of  abdomen,   3.1'"'":   exten.sion   of  palpi 

VOL    XIII 1) 


It 


i  •* 


82  TEltTlAKY  INSliGTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

beyoml  front,  2.2""" ;  length  of  first  pair  of  lefrs,  !)  25"'™  ;  its  tibia,  3.25""" ; 
tarsi,  2.4"'"' ;  .second  pair  of  leg.s,  S""" ;  its  tibia,  2.75'"'" ;  tarsi,  2.4""" ;  third 
pair  of  legs,  5.5'"'";  fourth  pair  of  legs,  7'"'";  its  tibia,  2.3'"'";  tarsi,  2.3"'". 
The  measurements  are  all  taken  from  the  female. 

This  species  is  of  about  the  same  size  as  the  last,  but  differs  from  it  in 
its  slenderer  form,  the  shape  of  the  cephalothora.x,  slightly  slenderer  and 
less  taperhig  legs,  as  well  as  :n  the  clothing  of  the  same. 

Florissant.  One  /,  three  I,  Nos.  8141,  13519  and  13522,  13524  (?), 
14fi!)l  (^). 

EPEIKA  Walckenaer. 

Only  a  very  few  species  have  been  described  in  a  fossil  state  under  this 
generic  name.  Hevdeu  tigiu'ed  a  Gea  krantzii  from  the  Miocene  beds  of 
Kott  on  the  Rhine  .vhich  Thorell  considers  an  Kpeira  and  which  is  about 
the  size  of  Iv  delita,  but  wliicli  does  not  resemble  any  of  our  species.  Heer 
figures  an  E|)eira  uiolassica  fr  im  Ocningen,  consideral)ly  larger  than  any 
of  the  Florissant  Epeira-,  but  perhaps  more  nearly  resembling  E.  delita 
than  anv  of  tl\e  others.  Menge  names  b\it  does  not  describe  an  E.  eogena 
from  aml)er,  three  millimeters  long,  or  of  about  the  size  of  our  smallest  spe- 
cies; and  tinally  Bertkau  has  more  recently  de.scribed  and  figured  a  second 
species  from  liott,  under  the  name  of  E.  trfischelii,  which  bears  no  small 
resemljlance  to  our   Iv  nieekii,  with  which  also  it  agrees  very  well  in  size. 

Seven  species  are  here  described  and  others  indicated,  this  genus  l)eing 
the  oidy  one  represented  on  both  continents  in  Tertiary  times  which  is 
richer  in  sjiecies  in  America.  The  genus  is  found  in  all  parts  of  the  world, 
and  its  occurrence  in  such  numbers  in  the  Florissant  beds  is  a  noint  of  no 
significance  beyond  the  com|)arison  ju.st  made  with  the  European  Tertiaries. 
(October,  ISHl.) 

Tiibli  of  the  Kperiin  i>f  Epeira. 

Cephiilic  dintiiictly  separatpil  fri>iii  the  tlKHacii-  pnrf  of  llii>  m-phalotlioriix. 

I.iirKi'  Hpi'iicn;   front  of  crpliiilotliorax  cxiiHi'il  In  the  in:il(i    1.  /■'.  mrekii. 

Small  Hpi'iiei,;  fi  out  of  .iplialollior.ix  iijjiilaily  convex  in  thn  iniiln 'i,  li.  nbwoniita. 

t't'plialic  and  llioiacii'  poition  of  tht>  ci'plialotliorax  coiiiplrtoly  liliinliil. 
AInloiiiiii  narrow  111  in  front  .iiid  lii^hiinl. 

AlidoMi-'ii  ilistiiKtly  ovati'        3.  A",  delilit. 

Front  of  alidonu'i!  i|iiiiilriilo,  asliro.i.l  an  in  tin-  niiddli" t.  E.  vinefncUi. 

Alidoinen  nearly  {{lobular. 

Lar;;iM  «p«;i;  .s;  alicliiniMi  niiialli'i  than  ( rphalothiira.\    ."i.  /•'.  rucanalii. 

Snialli  r  xpecicH  ;  alid  iini'n  lar({i'r  than  <«'plialothora\ ♦>.  £.  emertoni. 


M 

it 


AKAOUJJIUES— AKANKII)K-8— OUHITBLAUlJi. 


83 


1.  Ei'KiuA  mki;kii. 

PI.  11,  FigM.  L'  (  9  ),  17  (  <J ). 

(Jeplialotlionix  of  the  iimle  hirge,  the  thoracic  portion  uciirly  circuhir, 
scarcely  longer  than  broad,  ;intl  flistinctly  separated  from  the  cephuhc  por- 
tion, which  is  subipuKh'ate,  expanding  anteriorly,  the  sides  scarcely  curved, 
at  the  extreme  front  parallel,  the  front  deeply  and  angularly  incised,  the 
whole  aljout  half  as  large  as  the  thoracic  portion.  Cephalothorax  of  female 
moderately  large,  compact,  the  thoracic  portion  as  ui  the  male,  but  only  a 
little  largtM-  than  the  scjuare  thoracic  portion,  the  latter  being  equally  broad 
in  front  and  behind,  with  scarcely  convex  sides  and  a  slightly  excised  front, 
and  sparsely  furnished,  especially  along  the  front,  with  stiti'  bristles  resem- 
bling those  of  the  palpi.  The  cephalothorax  is  marked  by  a  rather  broad, 
dark,  median  band  and  two  fainter,  dark,  extreme  lateral  bands.  Abdomen 
globular,  scarcely  longer  than  l)road,  a  little  shorter  (f)  or  a  little  jonger 
(?)  than  tile  cephalotlioi-ax,  the  median  pornon  very  broadly  marked  with 
brown,  deepening  toward  the  middle.  Some  of  the  eyes  can  be  seen  at  the 
edge  of  the  front  in  the  female,  showing  simply  that  they  are  of  the  usual 
size  and  the  two  outer  sc^parated  by  their  own  diameter.  '^I^he  palpi  of  the 
female  are  tolerably  stout,  stouter  than  tlie  tarsi,  as  long  as  the  cephalotho- 
rax, abruptly  terminated,  and  furnished  somewhat  abundantly  with  bristles, 
considerably  longer  than  the  wi<lth  of  the  palpi;  those  of  the  male  have  the 
apical  portion  large,  hemispherical,  and  hair)-,  convexity  forward,  together 
nearly  as  large  as  the  cephalic  portion  of  the  cephalothoi-ax,  and  separated 
from  that  by  a  peduncle  as  hmg  as  it;  from  the  inner  edge  of  one  jjrojects 
a  gently  subfusiform,  slender,  arcuate  riblxm,  as  long  as  the  width  of  the 
terminal  joint  and  directed  forward,  with  the  convexity  inward.  The  tibiic 
are  armed  above  on  either  side  witii  a  row  of  distant  bristles,  scarcely 
longer  than  the  width  of  the  tibia  and  farther  apart  than  their  length;  in 
the  female  a  few  scattered  bristles  also  occur  on  the  femora,  especially  on 
the  front  pair.  The  fourth  pair  of  legs  is  shorter  than  the  second  in  the 
male,  etpial  to  or  scarcely  longer  than  the  second  in  die  female;  the  thin! 
pair  of  legs  is  not  perfectly  preserved  in  either  of  the  male  specimens,  but 
in  the  female  is  half  th<?  length  of  the  first. 

Length  of  body,  f   7""",  ,'  S""";  of  cephalotiiorax,   '  2.8""",  9  3.5""";  of 
abdomen,  ,^  4.2'""',  i  -4.5""";  width  of  .s...  '>■,  ,f  3""",  ?  4.-J"'"' ;  length  of  tirst 


84 


TKKTIAUY  1N«1<X!TH  OK  NOIM'll  AMIOKMCA. 


pnir  of  lofrs,  .r  lfi.5""",  ?  14""";  tibiiv,  ,r  5"'"',  ,  4"'"':  tursi.  '  5""".  ,  r).?;")™™; 
second  pair  of  logs.  /  15"'"',?  12.75'"'";  tibia-,  .^  3.2'.'""',  ?  2.5""";  tarsi,/  H'"'", 
?  r).5""";  third  pair  oflof?s,  ?  7""";  tibiii',  ?  1.75""";  tarsi,  ?  3""";  fourth  pair 
ofh;{;.s,  '  12""".,  13""";  tibiji',  r  3  5'"'",  ?  3.5""" ;  tarsi,  ;  4.4""",  ,  5""" ;  lon-rtli 
of  palpi,    ■  1.75'""'.  ,  2.1' 

This  spec Cs  is  rciKhly  distiiig'iiishL'd  from  tho  others  of  the  gemis  here 
described  l»y  its  coiisideraljly  larj^or  size.  It  is  named  after  the  hito  .Mr.  K. 
!>.  Meek,  nineli  of  wlntse  paleontolo<xieal  \v.)rk  \\i\s  d  a'.  in  conjunction 
with  |)r.  Ilayden.  It  resembles  in  jj^eueral  appearance  as  well  as  in  size 
the  less  well  preserved  K.  tWlschelii  Hertkau  from  Hott  on  the  Whine,  but 
has  proi)ortionally  lon<.;'er  l(><>s  and  esjxM'ially  much  lonji'er  hind  lej^s ;  the 
disprojjurtion  of  size  between  the  cephalofhorax  and  abdomen  is  also  <,''reater. 

Flori.ssant.     Three  s[>e(imens;  two  ',  Nos.  11211,  8221,  ono  ?,  No.  3204. 

2.     Kri;il{.\    .Mi.SCONDITA. 

ri.  11.  Fiji'.  7(,n. 

Mdlf. — C'ephalothorax  subrotund,  the  cepIiaMc  |»ortion  hemispherical, 
almost  lilack.  abunt  half  the  sizf  of  the  tlxiracic  part  and  separated  from  it 
in  fill"  iiticrai  outline  b\  a  distiiict  incision;  front  broadly  and  regularlv 
rounded;  thoracic  portion  with  well  rounded  sides,  the  ini<l(lle  half  very 
much  darker  than  the  rest,  foiiniuii  a  broad,  median,  dark  brown  band. 
Abdomen  sulirotund.  Ioulsit  than  broad,  scarcely  compressed,  of  i!"^  same 
size  as  the  <i-|)l)alothorax,  with  faint  indications  of  a  broad  median  band, 
deepest  in  tint  at  the  vxtreniities  of  the  sejiinents.  The  eyes  can  luit  be 
seen.  The  palpi  are  sessile,  the  terminal  joint  appearinfi-  just  beyoiul  the 
front,  larj^e  mid  i^lobose,  perhaps  a  little  broader  |Histeriorlv  than  anteriorly. 
I'he  lejis  are  stout.  espe<iall\  the  femora,  not  very  Ion;:',  the  tibia'  furnished 
with  distant.  \\idel\  di\ crg'eiit.  delicate  bristles,  cousiderabK'  longer  than 
the  width  of  the  tibia,  situated  on  either  side.  Thev  are  not  coi..pleteIv  pnv 
ser\ed,  liut  lia\c  Iteen  woiked  out  of  the  stone  since  the  plate  was  eiij>-raved, 
so  that  the\  ;ire  more  perfect  than  wouhl  there  appear.  The  foiu'th  pair, 
though  not  completeU  pie.->er\ cd,  is  apparently  longer  than  tiie  second,  as 
the  basal  joints  aie  longer. 

[.ength  of  body,    I.2.V :   of  cephalothoiax.  2""";   of  ,ii)domen,  2.25 '; 

widthof  same,  1.8' :    length  oj' lirsi  p.air  of  legs,  1  1.25 ;    tiiiia',  ."i :   t.n-si. 

4.i; ;   second  pair  of  legs,  ;i, 75""":   tibi.c,  2.5 ;   tarsi,  ;i.l"""  ;   third  piiir  of 


AUACIINIDES— AUANKIDliS— OHHITKLAKl.i:. 


85 


hi^a  (broken),  5.5""" ;  fourtli  jKiir  of  lejifs  (l>rokeu),  8"'"' :  of  |)art  previous  to 
tiltifi,  ;V2""";  (Uaim'for  of  piilpi,  0.45"'"'. 

This  species  dirt'crs  from  K.  ineekii  in  size,  in  the  shape  of  the  eephahi- 
thorax,  the  stouter  femora,  and  more  sparsely  armed  tibiie. 

Florissant.     One  /,  No.  758a. 

a.    EpEIRA   DELITA. 
IM.  11,  Fit;.  6(5?). 

Oeplialotliorax  rounded  obovate,  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions 
completely  blended,  the  sides  uniforndy  rounded,  the  front  very  convex, 
witli  no  eyes  that  can  be  seen ;  neither  are  the  palpi  preserved,  the  part 
(ignre«l  between  the  front  lej^s  having-  no  relation  to  the  spider  ;  it  is  judged 
to  be  a  male  from  tlu;  small  size  of  the  abdomen  which  is  ovate,  no  larger  than 
thecephalothorax,  largest  in  front  of  the  middle,  but  here  slightly  narrower 
thfin  the  cej)halothorax,  tapering  slightly  behind,  and  well  roinided  at  the 
extremity.  The  legs  have  very  stout  femora,  those  of  the  front  pair  taper- 
ing in  the  middle,  and  both  femora  and  tibia-  and  even  the  basal  part  of  the 
tarsi,  but  especially  the  tibia',  armed  with  very  long,  very  distant,  delicate, 
divergent  spinules  considerably  longer  than,  sometimes  almo.st  twice  as  long 
as,  the  width  of  the  tibia- ;  the  basal  joint  of  the  tiliite  tapers  perceptildy. 
The  second  pair  of  legs  is  represented  too  long  in  the  plate,  though  it  is 
unusually  long,  not  greatly  falling  behind  the  iirst  i)air  and  exceeding  the 
fourth  in  length  nearly  as  nuich  as  that  exceeds  the  third  pair. 

Length  of  body,  4,75"'"' ;  of  cephalothorax,  2.25"'"' ;  width  of  same,  2™"'; 
length  of  abdomen.  2.,'")'""^ ;  of  first  jiair  of  legs,  11.;")""";  tibia-,  o.5"'"' ;  tarsi, 
5""";  .second  ))au-  of  legs,  il.8'"'" :  tibia-,  3.25""";  tar.si,  4.2""";  third  })air  of 
legs,  7.5"'"' ;  tibia-,  2'"'" :  tarsi,  2.5'""' ;  fourth  i)air  of  leg.s,  !•'"'" :  tibia-,  2.2.5"'"'; 
tarsi,  3.75""". 

This  species  agrees  w(-ll  with  E.  abscondita  in  size,  but  is  readily  dis- 
tinguished lioth  from  it  and  from.  E.  meekii  in  the  uniform  character  of  the 
cephalothorax  and  the  relative  length  of  the  legs. 

Florissant.     One  f.  No.  13523. 

4.  Epeira  cinefacta. 

PI.  11,  Viji.  U>(i). 

Male. — Cephalothorax  globose,  l)lackish,  the  dividing  line  between  it 
and  the  abdomen   concealed  by   the  overhanging  (piatlrate  front  of  the 


H(> 


TKHTIARY   INSKCns  OK  NOKTM    AMKUIdA. 


Jilt(l<»iiu'n,  find  the  ceplmlic  iind  thoracii;  portions  completely  blended  ;  possi- 
l)lv  it  is  slijrhtly  lonj^er  tliim  broad.  The  eyes  eiin  iu)t  be  innde  out;  the 
terniiii;il  joint  of  the  palpi  (as  preserved,  sessile)  is  moderately  liir^fe.  <;lobidar 
or  sli^lillv  ovate,  blaek,  but  none  of  the  internal  strnetnre  can  be  made  out. 
AlKJonien  sulxpiadrate,  taperin;;  ver\  sli<>htly  from  in  tVoni  bjickwio-d.  the 
front  stnii^lit  with  well  rounded  lateral  anjilcs,  the  posterior  extremity  well 
rouiideil,  the  whole  nearly  twice  as  lonj;  as  broad,  the  sides  nesnly  straij^ht. 
Lcji's  (dosely  resembling''  those  of  K.  dcdita,  the  second  p.iir  lieiiifj^  unusually 
loiii,'-,  but  v'vcn  inor«'  tluiu  in  that  species  exceeding;  proportionally  the  extent 
of  tlie  fourth  pair  :  the  fcmorii  ai"c  only  moderatcdy  sfoui,  ,uid,  like  rhe  tibia', 
tli(»njih.to  a  less  extent,  are  furnished  with  dedicate  spinules,  less  divergent 
but  more  abinidant  than  usual,  exceediui;  in  leni^tli  the  width  of  the  tibia-. 

Leujfth  of  Itody,  ,">""" ;   width  of  cephidothoriix.  I' ;   lenii'th  of  abdomen, 

•J.-jrr"":   its  width   anteriorly.  Lfio""":   posti'ri.u-ly,    l.-J""";   diimieter  of  last 

j)alpal   'oint,  0.3.')""";   lenjrth  of  first  pair  of  le;-'s,  !i ;  til)ia',  •_'.!!"'"';  tarsi, 

4"'"':   s  cond  pair  of  leffs,  8"'"' :   til)ia',  -.M"'"' :   tarsi,  .'!,')""" :   tliird  pair  of  h'frs. 

4.S.-)'""';   tiltia',  l..'V""':    tarsi.  lM :   fourth    pjiir  of  lens.    fi. '»"'"' :   tibia',  l*"'"' : 

tarsi,  2.5"'"'. 

This  species  diHers  from  all  others  of  the  <>'(Mms  here  described  in  the 
shape  of  tile  al)doiuen.  whicii  is  cjon^^'ate.  and  tiie  sides  of  which  are  not 
rountled  but  >ul>p:o'allel.  In  the  chai'acleristics  of  the  le^i's,  however,  it  re- 
seuddes  flie  precediuf"-.  .\  sln;.de  n\i]v.  represeute  I  bv  l)otli  obxcrse  and 
reverse,  is  lietter  preserved  than  the  ti«iure  in  tlie  pliite  would  indiciite,  as 
the  form  of  the  wliole  alidomeii  can  lie  seen  ns  wtdl  as  of  the  last  palpal  joint. 
The  (i}4in'e  morevei'  indicate-  the  -.ii.ipe  ut  the  IkmK  altofictlier  wrou^lv.  as 
tilt;  ceph:duth<>ra\  >h<iuld  lie  smaller  and  the  abdomen  slaadil  taper  con- 
siderabh    liehind.  as  tlie  mea>in'euieiits  show. 

Florissant.      <  >ue    •.  No.  s.'iTC  :ind  s.sdii. 

."l.     Mil  IK  \     Vri  <  ANAI.IS. 

Mull. — <  "ephalotliMi;i\  neai'lv  i^lubuiar,  scarceK  louiri'i' than  liro.td,  the 
cepiialic  and  thoracic  pMrtimis  cumpleteK  lileiided.  luit  marked  1»\  a  large 
semicircular  deiiressioii  .iiiterinrK,  uccupviiiL;  a  little  more  tliaii  the  Iroiit. 
i.  e..  encroachinji'  iipiai  the  lateral  mar;:in.  and  i>\' •\  darker  bi'own  than  the 
thfinwic  portion,  I''iiiiit  somewhat  coii\ex,  with  insutlicient  trace  of  eves 
< 'ludicf'res  stout,  as  loiij;' as  the  cephalic  portion  of  the  corselet,  t.'ipeiin^r, 
bluntl\  rounded  at  the  tip.      Last  joint  of  palpi  very  large,  nearly  ns  large 


AKACIINIDKS— AHANKIDKS— ORHITI'ILAKM:. 


S'i 


HH  the  ceplmlif  part  of  th«  corselet,  blackiHli,  globular,  its  proximal  ttiul  as 
preserved  lying  just  beyond  the  tip  (•♦'  the  clieliceres,  tlio  stalk  not  pro- 
served.  Abdomen  llglitor  colored  than  the  cephalnthornx,  smaller  than  it, 
Hubu^lobular,  a  little  tlattened  at  base,  with  a  pair  of  lUibdorsal  series  of  black 
points  in  a  slightly  curving  row,  its  convexity  c  itward ;  the  anal  plate 
darker,  circular,  not  half  so  large  as  the  apical  joint  of  palpi,  (..egs  long, 
of  very  une(iual  length,  the  femur  nuu'h  stouter  than  the  ta|)ering  part  < 
beyond,  furnished  rather  abundantly  witii  diverging  spiiu's  noarl)-  to  the  tip. 

J.ength  of  body,  .'5..')""" ;  of  cephahtMiorax,  l.V""" ;  of  iil.donu'ii,  1."."""; 
of  cephalic  jtortion  of  cor.selet,  0.6""";  ot  cheliceres,  O.GT)"""  ;  breadth  of 
ce})lialothorax,  1  fi""" ;  of  abdomen,  1. (>""";  diameter  of  palpal  swelling, 
0.G5""";  length  of  first  i»air  of  legs,  7.25"'"' ;  femora,  2""" ;  til»ia',  2""" ;  tarsi, 
3.2.')""";  .second  pair  of  legs,  6"'"';  femora,  1.4""";  tilla',  2"'"':  tar.si,  2.6"""; 
third  pair  of  legs,  2.!)""";  tarsi,  1.4'"'";  fourth  pair  <  f  legs,  4.7'"'":  femora, 
1.65""";  tibirts  1.25"'"';  tarsi,  1.8'"'". 

This  sj)ecies  resembles  E.  emertoni  in  general  aspect,  but  is  much  larger 
than  it,  and  differs  from  it  in  several  important  points,  such  as  the  rotundity 
and  especially  tiie  much  greater  size  of  the  cephalothorax  as  compared  with 
the  abdomen,  and  the  greater  stoutne-ss  of  the  femora. 

Florissant.     One  <?,  No.  5784. 

6.  Epkira  kmertoni. 

PI.  11,  Viirs.  15(3),  1!»(9). 

Male. — Cephalothorax  dark  brown,  siibgl(>bose,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  the  cephalic  only  distinguished  from  the  thMiiicic  portion  by  a  slight 
bend  in  the  curved  outline;  front  well  rounded  with  no  sigu  of  eves;  last 
joint  of  palpi  blacki.sh,  very  large,  ghdiulnr,  mor<'  than  hall'  ms  liirge  as  the 
cejdialic  portion  of  the  cephalothorax,  nearly  twice  iis  liniad  as  the  length 
of  the  basal  joints,  containing  a  falcate  ribbon  of  shMiderand  uniform  width, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  jr»iiit,  bent  iif  its  distal  edge,  bluntly 
pointed  at  the  tip,  which  is  situated  near  the  middle.  Abdomen  light  brown, 
g](sbular,  slightly  larger  than  the  ce|tlialothorax.  I.egs  moderately  long, 
rather  sparsely  haired,  the  femora  tolerably  stout  and  furnislMd  witli  dis- 
tant, slender,  divergent  spinules,  hard'y  so  long  itn  Hie  width  of  the  joint, 
and  which  also  a})pear  in  one  or  two  places  only  on  the  tibia-. 

Female. — Cephalothorax  bhck,  globular,  with  no  sign  of  distiticfion 
between  tiie  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  ;  neither  eye«  nor  palpi  are  pre- 


88 


TKUTIAia    INSKCTS  Ol"  NOKTII   A.MKKICA. 


U'i 


scivctl.  AImIoiiicii  iliirk  linnvii,  rspt  riiilly  in  ii  very  liioiid  niciliini  hiitid 
oc('U|tviii<,''  fully  liiiHtlH'  widtli  ol'ilic  dorsiil  iispi-ct,  slu)rt  ovjiic,  iiciirly  Imlt' 
its  Itroiiil  a^j'iiiii  IIS  the  fi-plialntliortix,  tiiiil  only  jilioiit  oiic-tliiril  iis  lon;^' ii<;;!iin 
at  ln'oad.  I.('<:s  )i|»|iiii»'ntly  fJitluT  short  (tlu'V  iin-  not  well  picscrvt'd  anil 
mostly  ln'nt  iu'iu-atli  tlu'liody),  sparsi'ly  liain'd.  with  slijiht  tracr  oi"  spinulcs. 

Lt'Tif-th  ot'l>  .dy.  ■•_'.-.»5 ,  ,3.7'.""":  of  n-phalothorax,   M""",      1.35"""; 

width  oi>nm',     •».! 1.;'.'""';   Ii'ii-rth  of  liidoincn,  '  1.25"'"'.  ,  •_>.4'""';   width 

of  sanio,   '  1'"'".      I.s ;  dianii'tiT  of  last  palpal   joint,  '  0.;{5'""' ;  h-Uffth  of 

first  pair  of  h'}.'s,  '    J. (;."»""".  ,    3. -J')'"'"   '.plus  tarsi);    til.ia-.  '    1.5""",  ,    I""": 

tarsi.   '  I.T.V'"":   of  si'cond  pair  of  h'i;.s,  '  4.-_' ',  ,  2  (i'"'"  (plus  tarsi);   tihia'. 

'  1,3"'"',  ,  0.8""";  tarsi.  '  1.7."i'"'";  of  tliird  pairoflc^rs.  ^  ■_>"""  ;  of  fourth  pair 
of  U'frs,   '  ;!.•_':.'"'". 

It  is  possililr  of  toiirst'  that  this  '  and  ;  do  not  liclonj.^  to;;i-tlii'r,  in 
wliich  casi'  tlir  niali^  as  tin-  most  perfectly  prescrvi'd  should  be  considered 
the  type  'f  the  species.  It  is  smaller  than  any  other  of  the  species  nlerred 
here  fo  Kp  ira,  exceptinj,'  perhaps  the  one  to  wliich  no  name  is  o;iven,  and 
it  differs  from  all  in  the  ;;lol)ular  or  nearly  <^lol»ular  form  of  the  cephalo- 
thora.\  as  well  as  in  other  characteristics,  as  will  appe;ir  on  coinparin"^-  the 
desrriptions.  The  species  is  named  for  Mr.  .1.  II.  Kinerton,  whose  papers 
on  North  Ameriran  .\rachnida'  have  l)een  tif  nnich  assistance  to  the  writer. 

Florissant.     One  ',  one  ,,  No.s.  H77V,  5117. 

A  sinirle  specimen,  ajjjiarently  a  female,  which  is  also  provisionally 
referred  to  this  species,  is  consideralily  smaller  than  thoother  female  and  has 
more  deiisidy  hairy  lejis  (almost  the  only  parts  preserved),  the  len;j;ths  of 
which  are  as  tollows:  first  pair,  .'l  5"'"' :  second  pair,  .'i.:.'5""" ;  third  pair, 
1.7' :   fourth  jiair.  ;'..•_'.')""". 

Klori.ssant.     (hie     .  No.  10!H)H. 

Ml'KIliA    sp.  . 

IM.   II,   Ki^'.   I. 

A  siiiffle  specimen,  fi;i:ured  in  IM.  II,  Fij^-.  1,  is  tlie  only  representative 
of  a  species  apparently  of  Kj)eira,  certainly  distinct  from  the  others,  hut  too 
poorlv  jtreserved  to  indicate  more.  The  outlines  of  the  hodv  are  almost 
altn;i('tli,''r  (dditerated,  and  it  can  onlv  l»e  said  that  it  is  one  of  the  smallest 
speciert,  liein;^  lar;;er  only  than  the  smallest  specimen  referred  to  E.  emer- 
toni,  hut  (dearly  distinct  from  that  in  the  much  "greater  .stoutness  of  the 
femora,  whiidi  are  indeed  unusually  robust,  and  the  length  of  the  third  pair 


AKAJMINlMKS—AKANKlDKrt— OHlllTKI-AUI.K. 


85) 


of  logH,  which  uj>|MMir  iicurly  to  t'nual  tho  fourth.     It,  is  ini|)owHil»h'  to  miy  to 
wliiU  Hi'x  it  lK'lonj{H. 


Lcufrtli  of  lii-Ml  piiir  of  k'jfs,  5.r)"""  ;  of  third  pair,  7""";  til)ia. 


tar«i, 


2h""" ;  of  fcmoni  and  tiltia  (»i  fourth  pair,  \ 


h-ntrtii  of  its  tibia,  •-*" 


I'l 


onssa 


lit.     No.  O-JSo. 


KpKIRA    S]). 


widtli  of  its  teiuora. 


0.7" 


Several  spocimtMis  roprcseut  1o},^h  of  tlio  .sanio  or  allied  spoiMos  of  spidor 
of  about  tho  Hi/,(;  of  Rpoira  riparia  Ileiitz;  tho  foinora  and  tibijo  and  tiio 
.si(le.s  of  tlio  tarsi  aro  abiinihnitlv  supplied  with  loMi>'itudiua]  rows  of  fine, 
lonjr,  (thick  sjiiuos,  tlio  rhuv  double,     .\notlier  ))ro.>i'rves  the  Kpuies  alone 


of  tl 


le  sanii;  soi 


t  ofl 


otr. 


i.curjth  of  t.-mora,  7'""' ;    of  tibire,  7.75""" ;    of  tarsi,  .'..J.V'"" ;    of  ehiw, 


0.3""";  of  spiiK-.s,  O.To" 


Greo 


LMi  uiver 


W 


voininjr. 


»os.  .>, 


4\  :\Cu  41911,  42(»0. 


Epeira  sp. 


Still  another,  from  the  same  locality  m  the  last,  .shows  the  hairy,  sub- 
fusiform,  ovate  body  of  n  spider  apparently  a  little  sniallor  than  the  above. 
Lenj,4h  of  abdomen,  4.5'""';  breadth  of  saiur.  1.8'""'. 
(fifon  River,  Wyomiiij/.     No.  6.i. 

Nki'HILA  Leach. 

This  intereatintr  tropical  genus  has  never  before  been  found  fossil,  and 
altliou<r|i  the  species  here  described  diil'ers  coiisidciably  from  any  with 
which  I  have  been  able  to  conipaie  it,  it  is  iiitorestiM<4'  to  see  some  special 
points  of  comparison  with  a  common  species  of  our  Southern  States,  as  will 
be  noticed  further  on.  Its  presence  at  Florissant  decidedly  indicates  a 
warmer  climate  than  the  present,  thouoh  not  necessarily  one  mnch  wanner 

NkPHII-A    I'ENNATll'ES. 

ri.  11,  Fig.  lii. 

yr))hUa pennalipit  Soiutder.  Zittel,  Haiidb.  d.  Palicoiit.,  I,  ii.  744.  Fig.  026  (18H5). 

Cephalic  portion  of  corselet  s(piare,  with  rounded  angles,  the  front 
margin  slightly  excised  in  the  middle :  two  eyes  oidv  can  be  made  out, 
situated  posterior  to  the  front  margin  by  nearly  their  own  dianiet(>r,  of 
moderate  size,  less  than  one-fourth  the  width  of  the  terminal  joint  of  the 
palpns,  and  placed  rather  nearer  the  middle  line  than  the  outer  edge  of  tho 
body.     Palpi  stout,  not  very  long,  bluntly  rounded  at  tip  and  extendiii;>;  in 


s^  \^  ^> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A 


ss 


1.0 


I.I 


14^  ■2^    12.5 

:!f  1^  12.0 


18 


1.25     1.4   III 

^ 

4 6"     

► 

^ 


<^ 


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% 


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Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  873-4503 


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90 


TKltTIAKY  1NSK(5TS  OF  NOKTH  AMKRIOA. 


11* 


[III 


front  of  the  body  by  a  little  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  front  of  the 
corselet.  (These  organs  are  incorrectly  given  in  the  plate,  which  was 
drawn  before  the  specimen  had  been  properly  pre})ared.) 

The  first  pair  of  legs  aj-e  the  longest,  the  third  the  shortest,  and  the 
second  and  fourth  of  e(iual  length,  moderately  slender,  the  first  and  fonrth, 
and  to  a  less  degree  the  second,  famished  at  the  extremity  of  the  tibia'  with 
a  brush  of  coarse  divergent  hairs,  giving  this  portion  of  the  leg  tlie  appear- 
ance of  being  about  half  as  broad  again  as  it  should  be ;  all  the  joints  of 
the  legs  can  not  be  made  out,  but,  to  judge  by  analogy,  the  brush  would 
appear  to  occupy  about  half  (the  distal  half)  of  the  tibia ;  there  appears  to 
be  no  such  brush  on  the  third  j)air  of  legs,  nor  any  marked  increase  of  hairi- 
ness or  stoutness  of  the  hairs  at  the  tijjs  of  tlie  femora.  The  legs  have  also 
been  worked  out  of  the  stone  since  the  plate  was  drawn,  so  that  they  are 
nearly  complete,  with  the  exception  of  the  appendages.  With  this  omis- 
sion the  tarsi  compose  scarcely  less  than  two-fifths  of  tlie  whole  leg. 

The  thoracic  portion  of  the  cephalothorax  is  subglobular,  a  little 
broader  than  the  corselet  and  just  equaling  tlie  width  of  the  abdomen  at 
its  greatest  af  the  end  of  tiie  basal  third ;  the  abdomen  is  oblong  ovsite, 
about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  with  well  rounded  apex. 

Length  of  l)ody,  U""";  of  abdomen,  8.5""";  width,  ^.7"'";  length  of 
palpi  l>oyond  the  front  of  hndy,  2""";  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  26""™;  first 
tarsal  joint,  8.25"'"':  second  joint,  2.25""';  of  hair-tuft,  3.5-;i.75""";  second 
pair  of  legs,  2.H""":  first  tarsal  joint,  7,25"'"';  second  joint,  2.25'"";  of  hair- 
tuft,  2.5'""';  third  pair  of  legs,  l.-io'"";  first  tarsal  joint,  4.5™"';  second  joint, 
1.5"'"':  fourth  pair  of  legs,  2.'?'""':  first  tarsal  joint,  7'"'":  seccmd  joint.  2'""'; 
of  hair-tuft.  4..5"'"';  diameter  of  eves,  (►.12'""'. 

The  general  res(;mblanco  .»f  this  spider  to  Nephila  plumipes  Koch  of 
our  southern  Atlantic  seu-boaid,  familiar  to  us  bv  the  researches  of  Wilder, 
will  strike  every  American  naturalist  at  a  glance.  It  is,  however,  a  much 
smaller  species,  if  the  fossil  be  fully  grown,  and  difi*ers  from  it  in  some 
striking  points,  very  probal)ly  of  generic  importance.  The  eyes  differ  con 
siderably.  although  the  p«»sition  of  oily  two  of  those  of  the  fossil  species 
is  known;  the  cor.selet  is  scpuinn-  in  t'le  fossil,  and  per  contra  the  abdomen 
is  oval  and  not  quadrate;  while  the  tarsi  are  unusually  long  in  i)roportion 
to  the  whole  leg;  the  tufts  of  hairs  occur  otdy  on  the  extremity  of  the  tibise. 
Nephila  is  essentially  a  tropical  genus. 

Florissant     One  ?  ,  No.  11651. 


NEUKOFTKHA. 


91 


Using  this  tern  in  its  large  sense,  as.  for  convenience,  we  have  done 
here,  there  is  no  group  oi"  fossil  insects  more  interesting.  In  no  other, 
unless  it  be  the  cockroaches  among  Orthoptera,  do  we  find  a  considerable 
representation  in  all  the  rocks  wJiicli  have  yielded  fossil  remains  Still  the 
time  has,  perhaps,  not  yet  come  for  a  careful  historical  survey  of  the  group, 
since  we  are  annually  receiving  large  additions  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
extinct  types,  and  a  considerable  number  of  those  known  have  been  insuffi- 
ciently studied.  Such  a  study,  too,  belongs  essentially  to  the  student  of 
the  older  types,  and  would  be  less  appropriate  here,  for  it  mp.y  certainly  be 
stated  with  confidence  that  the  types  of  existing  Neuroptera  were  thor- 
oughly established  at  the  beginning  of  the  Tertiaries.  With  a  single  excep- 
tion, Ballostoma,  no  large  group  existed  then  and  has  since  expired,  nor  is 
there  a  single  existing  type  of  any  prominence  wliich  has  not  been  found  in 
the  Tertiaries,  unless  we  look  upon  the  aberrant  and  until  lately  hardly 
known  Scolopendrella  as  belongirig  here.  Yat  a  large  proportion  of  the 
genera  of  Tertiary  Neuroptera  are  extinct ;  that  is,  differentiation  has  gone 
on  with  the  lapse  f>f  time,  until  the  original  characteristic  features  of  an 
early  group  have  been  lost  and  new  ones  taken  their  place,  and  no  species 
referred  to  in  the  following  j)rtges  exists  at  ,he  present  timo.  The  differ- 
ences between  the  Tertiary  and  existinjr  forms  are  never  verv  ijreat,  usually 
rather  small,  but  they  are  constant  and  everywhere  found. 

The  number  of  known  Tertiary  Nerroptei "  is  considerable.  For  the 
sake  of  graphic  comparison  T  have  presenter'  ...o  fjicts  as  far  as  possible  in 
the  following  table,  where,  in  the  European  columns,  the  numbers  at  the 
right  are  tlie  real  total,  the  otiiers  representing  those  known  from  the  rocks 
alone  (excluding  the  amber)  for  the  sak(^  of  comparing  more  fairly  the  yield 
of  the  fiUropean  and  American  rock.s.  Tlie  numl)ers  on  the  American  side 
rejjresent  with  a  single  exception  (Phryganea  hy)ierl)orea  from  (li'eenland) 
the  result  of  my  own  studies  only,  and  therefore  the  ntunei'ical  estimate  is 
presumably  more  correct  than  in  the  European;  in  the  latter  I  have 
endeavored  to  give  a  fair  statement  of  the  numbers,  including  a  con.sidera- 
ble  proportion  of  mere  indications,  the  value  of  which  h.ad  to  be  weighed, 
sometimes  in  a  somewhat  summary  manner. 


92 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOItT'I  AMERICA. 


Tabular  ttatemeni  of  the  known  tperien  of  Ttrliari)  yeuropUra. 


BulloHtoma 

LepiHiiiiitidiR  (Cinara)  .. 
Poduridif  (CoUeiubola)  . 

Tbysanura 

Teruiitina 

Embiilina 

Psocina 

Perliua 

Epbeuierioa 

Agrionidip 

Calopterygidie 

A);riouina 

(ioDiphidie 

^81'bniiliL' 

.Eschnina 

Cordalidif 

Libelliilidiii 

Libellalina 

Odoiittta 

Sialidic 

Kupbidiiiltv 

Siulina 

Hemcrobidi(i 

ChryHopidm 

Hemerobina 

A  JCiilapbina 

Myrmeleontina 

CuuiopteiyKidii- 

Paiiorpidu! 

Planipennia 

Hydroptilidn- 

Rbyacopbilidii- 

Hydro  psyohidic 

Leptocer.da; 

Spricostt  iiida* 

himDopbi:'dii' 

Phryganidip 

Tricboptera 

lotal 


Kiin)|H)uii. 


Aiiicri- 

'•""•        Kxtl.        1ml. 
amber.  ]  amber. 


AtiuTi- 
t'liii. 


8 

9 

0 

1 

8 

lO 

0 

3 

2 

4 

9 

* 

(» 

!i 

1 

15 

1 

*ir 

0 
4 
4 

•i 
4 
6 

0 
II 
0 

•i 


0 
II 

17 
•2 
0 

f2 
4 


0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

t5 


18 
10 


2 
1 

s 

H 
0 

8 

a 
1 
1 

4 


2 
2 

Hi 
fi 
4 
:< 


Kiiriipoaii. 

K\c\.    I  Incl. 
amber.  <  amber. 


10 

2 

I  SI 


lO 

s 

15 
IT 


11 


12 


25 


0 
10 

0 
0 

1 
1 


34 


28 
16 

1 

1< 
11 

7 


;«» 


19 


•>.{ 


.'.9 


40 
174 


nrand  total.  237. 


*  Thla  nnmlier  !■  largely  made  op  of  larra'.  which  may  be  the  ume  a*  Rome  of  the  ImaKoa. 
t  locliiiliiiE  Urral  raset. 


NEUKOPTRRA. 


93 


This  table  brings  to  light  some  curious  discordances  when  the  species 
from  the  American  and  European  rocks  are  compared.  This  indeed  is 
marked  in  every  instance  where  the  numbers  are  considerable  on  either  side, 
•excepting  in  the  Termitina,  where  we  have  six  American  to  ten  tjuropean 
species.  Europe  shows  a  decided  .superiority  in  the  Odonata,  where  thirty- 
four  species  are  offset  by  only  eleven  species  in  America ;  and  it  is  not 
a  little  curious  (though  not  unexpected,  considering  the  nature  of  the 
deposit)  that  it  is  here  only  that  the  amber  fauna  adds  scarcely  at  all  to  the 
B^uropean  preponderance.  The  American  Thysanura  find  no  counterpart 
in  the  European  rocks,  though  the  amber  fauna  counts  no  less  than  twenty- 
eight  species,  while  the  American  representatives  of  the  Ephemerina  (six 
species),  the  Planipennia  (twelve  species),  and  the  Trichoptera  (twenty-five 
species)  far  outweigh  the  European  examples,  Ephemerina  (one  species), 
Planipennia  (six  .species),  Trichoptera  (seven  species).  This  American 
preponderance  is  in  every  instance  counterbalanced  when  the  total  Tertiary 
yield  of  Europe  is  brought  to  view,  the  Ephemerina  showing  seven  species, 
the  Planipennia  nineteen  species,  and  the  Trichoptera  forty  sjiecies. 

If  the  smaller  groups  are  considered,  there  are  some  closer  correspond- 
ences, as  when  we  find  eight  species  of  American  Agrionina  to  ten  in  the  Euro- 
pean rocks,  two  American  to  one  European  Henierobidaj  and  Panorpid*,  two 
American  to  two  European  Limnophilidaj,  and  four  American  to  five  Euro- 
pean Phryganidje.  The  discrepancies,  however,  are  not  less  marked,  for 
we  find  of  groups  unrepresented  in  European  rocks  four  species  each  of 
Raphiaiidiv  and  Chrysopida",  seventeen  of  Hydropsychidaj,  and  two  of 
Leptooeridte  in  American  strata,  which  in  the  first  two  instances  are  hardly 
or  not  at  all  represented  in  amber.  On  the  other  hand,  the  European 
rocks  show  species  of  Calopterygidtc  (one),  Goniphidtw  (three),  Cordulidae 
(two),  Sialidtxi  (one),  Ascalaphina  (two),  and  Myrmeleontidse  (one),  where 
the  American  rocks  are  wholly  destitute.  On  the  whole,  the  European 
rocks,  as  compared  with  the  American,  are  rich  in  Odonata  and  j)Oor  in 
Ephemerina,  Planipennia,  and  Trichoptera.  Wiiile,  if  the  entire  Tertiary 
yield  of  Europe  is  considered,  America  nowhere  shows  a  considerable  pre- 
ponderance of  forms  excepting  in  tho  small  j)lanipennian  groups  of  Raphi- 
diidiv  and  Cln  y«opida',  while  Europe  has  a  very  striking  preponderance  in 
Thysanura,  Psocina,  Perlijia,  j^Eschnina,  Libellulina,  and  Hemerobidic, 
having  in  none  of  these  cases  less  than  four  times  as  many  species  as 
America.     (February,  1884.) 


94 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


'K 


Order  THY8ANTJRA   LatreiUe. 

All  we  have  hitherto  known  of  fossil  'rhvsanura  has  been  derived  from 
inclusions  in  amber/  of  which  about  eighteen  species  of  six  or  seven  genera 
of  Lepisniatidiv  and  ten  species  of  four  genera  of  Poduridse  are  known ; 
among  them  are  some  very  remarkable  forms.  Florissant  has  yielded  two 
species  of  this  gn>up,  the  first  that  have  been  found  in  rock  deposits,  and 
one  of  them  in  considerable  numbers,  representing  a  species  of  exceptional 
interest. 

Suborder  BALLOSTOMA  Scudder. 

For  characters  see  under  the  single  species,  at  the  end. 
PLAN0CEFHALU8  Scudder. 

PlANOCEPHALUS    ASELL01DE8. 

(See  tlgurus  in  text  below.) 

Plaiioeephaliia  imelloidet  Scndd.,  Mem.  Nut.  Acail.  Sciences,  III,  KVOO  FigH.  (I8H5);  in  Zittel,  Handb. 
Pnlu^ont.,  I,  ii,  77^,  Fig.  97'2  (lH6i>))  Bertk.,  SitzungHb.  niuderrh.  (ieselUcli.  Xatnr.  u.  Heilk., 

IH-if),  1298  (lB8o). 

Among  the  remains  of  animals  in  my  hands  found  in  the  ancient  lake 
basin  of  Florissant  are  about  forty  specimens  of  an  onisciform  arthropod, 
about  a  centimeter  in  length,  whose  affinities  h.ive  provett  very  perplexing. 
This  does  not  result  from  poorness  of  preservation,  for  an>nng  the  numerous 
specimens  apparently  all  the  prominent  external  features  are  found  com- 
])letely  jjreserved,  and  even  the  course  of  some  of  the  internal  organs  may 
occasionally  be  traced ;  but  it  presents  such  anomalies  of  structure  that  we 
are  at  a  loss  where  to  look  for  its  nearest  kin. 

It  appears  to  be  an  aquatic  animal.  Its  body  consists  of  three  large 
subequal  thoracic  joints,  and  an  abdomen  about  half  as  large  again  as  any 
one  of  them,  with  occasional  indications  of  a  feeble  division  into  four  seg- 
ments. These  are  the  only  jointed  divisions  that  can  be  found  in  the  body, 
there  being  no  distinct  head.  The  thoracic  segments  are  so  considered 
because  each  bears  a  j)aiv  of  legs,  which  occur  nowhere  else.  Their  dorsal 
plates  are  large,  flat  longitudinally,  and  arched  transversely,  smooth,  and 
deeply  and  narrowly  notched  in  the  middle  of  the  front  margin.  The  first 
plate,  in  which  the  median  notch  is  more  conspicuous  and  open  than  in  the 

'  Siiion  tbiN  was  written  Bmngniart  liati  il«Bcril>ed  a  species  from  the  Carboniferous  deposits  of 
( 'iinniientr;;,  France. 


NEUBOPTBBA— THY8AN  URA — B  ALL08T0M  A. 


95 


others,  albo  narrows  and  becomes  more  arched  in  front,  so  us  to  form  a  sort 
of  hood.  The  legs  are  very  broad  and  compressed,  usid  adapted  to  swim- 
ming, which  was  apparently  their  use,  as  there  would  be  no  need  of  such 
comi)ression  to  crawl  into  chinks  when  the  body  is  so  much  arched.  They 
consist  of  a  femur,  tibia,  and  two  tarsal  joints,  termiiuitod  by  a  single  curved 
claw.  The  femur  is  very  large,  subovate,  inserted  (presumably  by  a  coxa) 
in  large  cavities,  those  of  opposite  sides  separated  by  their  own  width,  and 
situated  a  little  behind  the  middle  of  each  segment.  The  tibia  is  also  verv 
large  and  subovate,  but  more  elongated  and  squarer  at  the  ends,  being 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  fringed  on  the  anterior  edge  by  a  row  of 
delicate  hairs  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  joint.    Of  the  two  tarsal  joints,  the 


FlK.8. 


Fig.  1,  dnnat  view  j  Tig.  2,  lateral  v1«w:  Flj.  3.  trannvcriiu  sectional  viow  of  Pluuo 
oephaliiH  axelloiilea  from  the  OliKuoeneof  Flori»iinnt.  Colorado,  restored,  and  maKnifled 
about  six  diameters. 


r-K.  I. 

basal  is  a  little  the  larger,  being  both  longer  and  stouter.  Eaah  is  armed 
at  the  tip  internally  with  a  tolerably  stout  spine  of  moderate  length,  and 
together  they  are  a  little  longer  than  the  tibia,  much  slenderer,  and  quad- 
rate in  form.  The  terminal  claw  is  about  half  as  long  as  the  terminal  joint. 
The  hind  legs  are  somewhat  stouter  and  the  middle  pair  a  little  shorter 
than  the  others ;  but  otherwise  they  closely  resemble  each  other. 

The  different  segments  of  the  thorax,  as  stated,  are  protected  above  by 
the  development  of  distinct  chitinous  plates,  the  lower  edges  of  which  are 
clearly  marked,  and  extend  downward  to  the  concealment,  on  a  side  view, 
of  the  lower  part  of  the  body.  The  abdomen,  however,  seems  tcf  have 
no  such  specialization  of  the  integument  of  the  upper  surface.  It  Is  stout, 
apparently  well  rounded  transversely,  and  tapers  to  a  produced  but  blunt 
tip,  which  is  armed  with  a  pair  of  slightly  recurved  stout  claws,  two  or 


(   9i 


96 


TRKTIAUY  IN8K(!TS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tlu'ee  times  u«  loiiff  us  tho  lej>-r-law»,  urranged  as  if  to  (Iraj;  tlm  hoily  back- 
ward. The  abdomen  is  faintly  divided  into  four  segments,  often  entirely 
obscured.  Of  these  the  terminal  usually  appears  shorter  than. the  others, 
which  are  subequal. 

These  divisions  of  the  body  are  all  that  appear  to  have  belonged  to  the 
animal;  and  it  is  the  most  remarkable  fact  in  its  organization  that  it  cer- 
tainly had  no  distinct  chitinous  head.  This  is  tho  more  surprising  from  the 
clearness  with  whici;  tho  thoracic  segments  are  marked.  All  that  one  can 
find  preserved  is  what  appears  to  bo  a  ring  of  buccal  plates  terminating 
anteriorly  the  alimentary  caiud,  and  which  was  evidently  capable  of  being 
thrust  forward  a  long  distance  beyond  the  body.  If  it  were  not  for  the 
unusual  preservation  of  the  alii.ientary  canal  we  should  be  forced  to  con- 
sider tho  head  as  lost  from  all  the  specimens,  notwithstanding  the  nearly 
|»erfect  preservation  of  tho  other  parts ;  but  in  several  specimens  tho  ali- 
mentary tul)o  can  be  traced  with  ease  half  th.ough  the  body,  terminating 
in  front  in  these  more  or  less  clearly  ))re8erved  chitinous  plates,  arranged  to 
form  51  circle  a  little  smaller  than  tho  coxal  cavities.  What  is  most  remark- 
able is  tlij  e.xtension  of  this  alimentary  tube  and  accompanying  buccal  plates 
like  a  proboscis  far  beyond  the  limits  of  the  body;  sometimes  forward 
(apparently  through  the  anterior  not(;h)  to  a  dit-tance  in  front  of  the  first 
segment  equal  to  half  the  length  of  the  latter;  more  often  directed  down- 
ward as  well  as  outward,  perhaps  between  the  front  legs,  and  occasionally 
e.xtending  beyond  the  body  to  nearly  or  quite  fhr  rntire  hitf/tli  of  the  same. 
It  seems  to  leave  its  din  ct  course  within  the  body  at  about  the  middle  of 
the  fir.st  thoracic  segment,  directly  in  front  of  which  position  the  buccal 
}ilates  appear  in  oko  or  two  specimens,  apparently  in  the  position  ofrepo.se. 
The  vjirious  positions  in  which  these  buccal  plates  are  foinid  outside  the 
body,  both  when  their  connection  with  the  tube  is  traceable  and  when  it  is 
obscure  or  fails,  shows  how  perfectly  movable  »  proboscis  the  creature  pos- 
sessed. The  external  parts  of  the  head,  then,  may  be  said  to  have  been 
probably  conqtosed  entirely  «)f  a  flexible,  extensilde  nu>mbrane  capable  of 
protrusion  as  a  fleshy  proboscis,  si-parated  by  no  line  t>f  demarkation  from 
the  first  thoracic  seginent,  and  bi-aring  as  appendages  only  a  series  of  buccal 
plates  for  mouth-parts,  and  beyond  this  nothing — neither  cranium,  eyes, 
antennse,  nor  palpi.  In  the  absence  of  eyes,  one  would  natnralh  look  for 
the  devei<q)nient  of  tactile  organs  of  .soin<;  sort;   but  nothing  of  the  kind  is 


NEUKOPTEUA— THY8ANUEA— BALL08TOMA. 


97 


discoverable  on  tlio  most  careful  special  search,  unless  such  an  office  may 
be  performed  by  long  delicate  liairH  which  seem,  in  some  few  instances,  to 
be  scattered  distantly  over  the  projected  mouth-tube. 

A  special  study  of  the  buccal  plates  in  the  twenty-four  or  twenty-five 
specimens  which  best  show  them  gives  no  very  satisfactory  explanation  of 
their  form  and  relations.     They  have  been  said  to  form  a  ring,  because  in  a 
considerable  number  they  are  so  an-anged ;  but  it  may  be  doubted  whether 
this  appearance  is  not  due  tc  the  flaking  of  the  chitinous  parts.     Like  the 
lips  of  the  notches  of  the  thoracic  segments,  the  buccal  apparatus  was  evi- 
dently more  dense  and  thicker  than  other  tegumentary  parts,  for  these  are 
d'M'ker  colored  than  the  other  parts  and  often  carbonaceous.     In  this  con- 
dition the  central  portions  seem  liable  to  flake  away  and  leave  the  thinner 
edges  with  ragged  fragments  of  the  carbonaceous  inner  portions  attached, 
thus  frequently  foruiing  a  sort  of  irregular  ring  of  dark  chitine.     On  the 
other  hand,  it  is  just  as  connnon  for  fragments  to  become  chipped  out  from 
tiie  edges,  or  for  rounded  bits  to  fall  out  here  and  there,  producing  thereb/ 
an  almost  endless  variety  of  present  appearances.     Among  these  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  trace  the  clew  to  the  original  arrangement  and  form  of  the  plates. 
One  might  anticipate  that  these  would  have  occurred  around  the  central 
orifice  of  a  proboscis ;  and  if  anything  of  this  sort  was  present  it  would 
appoar  the  most  probable  (though  extremely  doubtful)  that  there  were  four 
subtriangular  plates  of  pretty  large  size,  the  lateral  the  larger,  nearly  meet- 
ing by  their  tips  at  the  center.     From  specimens,  however,  which  are  least 
broken,  it  would  seem  quite  as  prol)able  tiiat  the  apparatus  consisted  of  two 
attingent  or  overlaj)ping  circular  plates,  placed  transversely,  densest  cen- 
trally, which  by  their  consolidation  form  an  oval  rounded  mass.     How 
such  a  pair  of  plates,  or  compound  plates,  could  have  subserved  any  pur- 
po:se  in  tlie  procuring  of  food  I  can  not  understand,  but  that  such  is  their 
not  unfrequent  appearance,  especially  when  seen  through  and  protected  by 
the  thoracic  shield  of  the  first  segment,  is  nevertheless  the  fact.     It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  other  specimens  may  set  this  matter  at  rest.    Those  at  hand  allow 
no  more  definite  statement  than  has  been  made.     About  three-fourths  of 
the  specimens  of  this  species  show  the  buccal  plates  more  or  less  distinctly. 
In  all  but  three  they  lie  outside  the  body,  usually  at  a  distance  from  it  of 
about  half  the  length  of  the  first  thoracic  segment.    In  a  fourth  specimen 
they  lie  half  protruding  at  the  front  edge  of  the  body. 
\.1L  \iii 7 


98 


TEKTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTH  AMEUIOA. 


These  buccal  pliitoH,  na  already  statod,  are  tlio  only  hard  partH  of  the 
lioad,  and  tiio  only  appendaj^ott.  Indeed,  tlie  only  claim  tliiH  portion  of  the 
body  liaH  to  bo  called  the  head  at  all  is  that  it  is  certainly  the  anterior  ex- 
tremity of  the  dii^estive  canal.  On  account  of  this  peculiarity  of  the  orfrani- 
zation  of  the  liead,  the  creature,  which  is  certainly  widely  different  from 
anvtiiin<r  known,  may  be  called  I'lanocephalus  (TrXayaioiy,  KegtaXt^),  and  on 
account  of  its  onisciform  body,  I'lanocephalus  aselloides. 

The  first  impression  the  sij^ht  of  this  straiifj^e  headless  crreature  conveys 
is  that  of  an  isopod  crusfjicean.  But  the  limited  nund)er  of  le^s  at  once  |)uts 
its  referencf  to  the  Crustacea  out  of  (piestion,  since  no  abdominal  le<jfs  at 
nil  are  present.  Kveii  in  the  parasitic  (Crustacea,  when*  sonu«  of  the  lejfs 
are  aborted,  the  same  is  the  case  with  the  segments  themselves  and  with  the 
joints  of  the  legs  whicii  remain.  The  clear  distinction  which  obtains  between 
the  thoracic  and  abdominal  regions,  and  the  limitation  of  the  j«>inted  legs  to 
a  single  pair  on  eacli  thoracic  segment  seems  to  lead  one  strongly  to  the 
conviction  that  tiiese  important  elements  of  its  con.struction  place  it  among 
insects.  The  structure  of  the  legs  and  the  snuill  tapering  ab(h>men  furnished 
with  small  anal  !i|)pendages  tend  to  the  same  coiu-lusion. 

Where  among  insects  it  should  be  placed  is  more  (piestionable.  Think- 
ing it  possibly  a  larval  form,  carefid  search  has  been  made  among  all  the 
groups  into  whicli  it  could  by  any  possibility  be  presumed  to  fall,  viz,  among 
the  Neuroptera  and  Coleoptera,  but  nothing  in  the  slightest  degree  seeming 
to  l)e  related  to  it  could  be  found,  and  its  conspicuous  size  reiulered  it  the 
less  probable  that  a  kindred  forni  would  l)e  overlooked  On  account,  how- 
ever, of  its  apterous  character,  and  the  disc(»v(!ry  in  recent  years  of  certain 
curious  types  of  animals  (all  of  them,  however,  very  minute),  whose  affini- 
ties have  provoked  more  than  usual  discussion,  my  attention  was  early 
drawn  toward  certain  resemblances  wiiich  IManocephalus  bears  to  the  I'au- 
ropida  among  Myriapotls  and  to  tlu*  Thysanura,  and  here,  if  anywhere,  its 
affinities  .seem  likely  to  be  found. 

Its  passing  resemblance  to  the  ol)tected  forms  of  Pauropoda  which 
Kyder  has  published  under  the  name  of  Enrypauropodida'  is  certainly  very 
considerable,  especially  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  young  of  I'auropoda 
bear  oidy  three  pairs  of  legs.  The  position  of  the  more  mobile  part  of  the 
head  (»f  Knrypauropus  beneath  the  cephalic  shield  is  the  same  that  the  head 
of  Planocephalus  bears  to  the  first  thoracic  shield ;  and  the  mouth  parts  iu 


I  ■  ^!  il 


NEUUOPTKRA— THY8ANDRA— BALLOSTOMA. 


99 


both  are  confined  to  »i  Honiowhat  Hunilar  circular  area ;  there  are  no  eyes  in 
either,  and  the  logs  terniinato  in  u  Hinj^'le  cnrved  claw. 

On  the  other  hand,  not  only  are  antonnic  of  a  highly  organised  character 
developed  in  Panropoda,  hut  the  upper  portion  of  the  head  carrieH  a  cephalic 
shield  H»  large  and  conspiciiouH  as  the  others ;  two  pairs  of  logs  are  de- 
veloped in  the  adult  on  every  or  nearly  every  segment  of  the  body,  and 
always  on  the  abdominal  to  the  same  extent  as  on  the  thoracic  segments,  no 
abdomen  being  distinct  from  a  thorax  as  in  IManocophalus,  but  all  the  joints 
of  the  body  entirely  similar;  the  legs  of  the  Pauropoda  are  formed  on  the 
myriapodal  type,  consisting  of  cylindrical  undift'erontiated  joints,  while  those 
of  Planocephalus  are  hexapodal  in  character,  having  a  clearly  defined  femur 
and  tibia,  and  a  two-jointed  tarsus  conspicuously  smaller  and  shorter  than 
the  preceding  joints,  of  different  form  and  apically  spined. 

The  closer,  therefore,  we  compare  these  two  types  the  less  important 
seem  the  points  of  resemblance  and  the  more  important  the  points  of  diverg- 
ence between  them  ;  for  in  the  clear  distinction  of  the  thorax  and  abdomen, 
the  absence  of  abdominal  legs,  and  the  structure  of  the  legs  themselves — 
fundamental  features  of  its  organization — Planocephalus  clearly  belongs  to 
the  true  hexapod  type  of  insects. 

Its  probable  reference  to  the  Thysanura  may  be  defended  on  both 
negative  and  positive  grounds.  There  is  no  other  group  of  hexapods  to 
which  it  could  be  considered  as  more  likely  to  belong,  and  there  are  some 
special  thysanuran  features  in  its  structure,  anomalous  as  it  is.  Since 
Packard  has  shown  the  reasonableness  of  placing  the  Symphyla  (=:Scolo- 
peadrella)  of  Ryder  in  the  Thysanura,  with  the  Collembola  and  Cinura  as 
coordinate  groups,  the  range  of  the  Thysanura  has  been  extended,  and  as 
a  group  of  equivalent  taxonomic  value  to  the  larg(M'  divisions  of  winged 
insects  it  has  seemed  itself  to  gain  a  better  ratio  vivendi.  It  is  not  necessary, 
therefore,  in  considering  the  relations  of  Planocephalus  to  Thy.sanura  as  a 
whole,  to  limit  ourselves  to  points  of  comparison  which  it  may  have  to  one 
or  another  of  its  subordinate  groups,  but  consider  any  points  of  resemblance 
we  may  find  to  any  of  these  groups  indifferently.  The  thoracic  segments 
remind  us  not  a  little  of  some  Cinura,  while  the  abdomen  as  a  whole  recalls 
many  of  the  Collembola,  its  approximated  pair  of  specialized  anal  append- 
ages being  also  like  the  variously  developed  organs  of  all  Thysanura,  and 
unlike  anything  we  can  recall  in  any  myriapod.     The  legs,  in  the  develop- 


100 


TEBTIAUY  IN8KCT8  UF  NOltTU  AMEUIUA. 


i' 


munt  uf  tii»  basnl  joiiitH  and  in  tlio  Hiimllor  double-jointed  tnrHUH,  are  clottely 
related  to  tliuHe  of  >>onie  Cinura — huilt  indeed  upon  the  Hanie  general  pattern, 
excepting  that  in  IManorephaluH  they  are  Hpeeially  developed  for  Hwinnning. 
In  the  claw  of  our  i'itm]  geniiH  we  have  Honiething  decidedly  thyHanuriforni. 
We  have  heretofore  Hpoken  of  the  tw«)  tarHal  jointn  an  each  armed  api(;ally 
with  an  interior  Hpine,  hut  that  of  the  Hnal  joint  ariHeH  from  the  haHe  of  the 
curving  claw,  and  taktm  on  more  or  leHH  \t»  direction,  though  only  half  att 
long  a8  it,  cauHing  it  to  rerteml>le  very  closely  the  HUialler  digit  of  the  claw 
of  both  CoUembola  and  Cinuia,  which  in  always  inferior  to  the  larger,  and 
not  infretpiently,  as  in  liCpidocyrtUH,  etc.,  straight  instead  of  curved 

Of  course,  the  rudimentary  character  of  the  head  and  the  entire  <)l)liter- 
atiou  of  the  cephalic  |)lates  render  our  fossil  very  distinct  from  any  known 
type  of  Thysanura.  Hut  these  features  separate  it  (piite  as  widely  fnun  any 
other  group  that  may  be  suggested  for  it,  and,  taking  into  account  the  con- 
siderable devehipment  of  the  thoracic  portions,  we  must  look  upon  I'lano- 
cephalus  as  in  some  sense  a  lowly  form,  descended  from  a  type  in  whirli 
the  head  was  developed  at  least  to  some  extent,  and  this  renders  it  more 
probable  that  we  have  liere  found  its  |)roper  place.  Moreover  when  we  ex- 
amine the  mouth-parts  of  I'odura,  we  find  them  partially  withdrawn  within 
the  head,  reduced  in  external  presentiition  to  a  small  circle  at  the  end  of  a 
conical  protrusion  «)f  the  under  siUe  of  the  head.  Take  away  the  cephalic 
plates,  withdruw^he  mouth-parts  to  the  same  protection  of  the  first  thoracic 
segment  which  they  now  enjoy  under  the  cephalic  dome,  imagiiu;  fur- 
ther that  the  mouth-parts  coidd  bo  protruded  to  their  original  [x^sition  when 
covered  by  a  cephalic  shield,  and  we  have  about  the  same  condition  of 
things  we  find  in  Planocephalus ;  indeed  the  extensibility  of  the  mouth- 
parts  beyond  the  thoracic  shield  seems  quite  what  one  might  expect  after 
the  loss  of  the  hard  parts  of  the  head  ;  and  the  mouth-parts  of  Planocepha- 
lus l)ear  nnu-h  the  same  relative  position  to  the  first  thoracic  shield  which 
those  of  Podura  bear  to  the  cephalic  shield. 

Assun)iiig,  then,  that  Planocephalus  is  a  true  hexapod,  its  general  rela- 
tions are  cerfainly  with  the  Thysanura  rather  than  with  any  other  grouj) ; 
while  the  character  of  the  legs,  the  half  developed  double  claw,  sind  the 
anal  appendages  specialized  to  peculiar  use  are  characters  which  are  posi- 
tively thysanuran.  Add  to  this  that  we  find  in  Podura  something  in  a 
remote  degree  analogous  to  the  extraordinary  mouth-parts  of  Planocephalus, 


'  fi 


NKUROrrKBA— TllYHANUItA— HALIiOSTOMA. 


101 


whh^h  we  Hhniild  in  vain  Hoek  elnowlioro,  iind  tho  prolmbility  thnt  wo  find 
huro  itH  noiiroHt,  nilioH  iH  rundonid  very  Htronff,  iind  tlie  nioro  mo  from  tlio 
divornity  of  form  and  typo  in  tluH  grcmp  Hun-ii  the  addition  to  it  of  .S(u»lo- 
pendrella.  The  diHcovory  of  ii  collophoru  or  Homething  honiologouH  to  it 
would,  wo  conceive,  ho  dociHivo  on  tho  point ;  but  tho  Intenvl  proHorviition 
of  nearly  all  tho  HpocimotiH  of  thitt  foHHil,  and  the  obRcurity  of  tho  bane  of 
the  abdomen  in  nearly  all,  not  oidy  forbid  itH  determination  in  thone  yet 
found,  but  render  it  doubtful  if  it  will  over  be  discovered. 

Tlio  position  of  this  group  among  the  Thysanura  nuiHtbe  an  independ- 
ent one  botwoeii  the  Cinura  and  tho  Symphyla  and  of  an  ecpiivalont  value 
to  them.  For  such  a  group  the  name  of  Ballostoma  is  proposed,  in  reference 
to  the  remarkable  power  possessed  of  thrusting  forward  the  gullet  and  mouth- 
parts.  It  would  be  characterized  by  the  peculiarity  named,  by  the  lack  of 
any  chitinous  frame-work  of  the  head,  the  equal  development  of  three 
thoracic  segments  developed  dorsally  as  shields,  and  all  separated  from  a 
cylindrical  abdomen,  which  is  armed  at  tip  with  a  pair  of  hooks  for  crawl- 
ing; legs  largely  developed  and  with  expanded  and  flattened  femora  and 
tibirc,  the  tarsi  two-jointed.  The  principal  points  toward  which  attention 
should  bo  directed  for  the  more  perfect  elucidation  of  its  structure  are  the 
buccal  plates  and  a  possible  collophore. 

Bertkau  compares  Planocephalus  with  an  insect  from  the  brown  coal 
of  Rott,  Rhenish  Prussia,  described  by  Heyden  as  a  mite  under  the  name 
Limnochares  antiquus.  This  Bertkau  regards  as  a  larval  Cl^algulid,  one  of 
the  Hemiptera,  and  he  believes  Planocephalus  something  similar ;  but  he 
does  not  seem  to  me  to  justify  this  latter  view,  and  the  abundance  of  Pla- 
nocephalus with  tho  absence  of  mature  Galgulidjc  at  Florissant  seem  an 
obstacle  not  easily  thrown  aside. 

Ordinary  length  when  extended,  7-8'"" :  breadth,  2.5-3""" ;  diameter, 
of  mouth-parts,  0.5"'"'. 

Florissant.  Sixty-six  specimens,  of  which  the  best  are  Nos.  302,  574, 
3508,  5229,  6933,  7907,  9782,  9896,  10551,  12807. 


m^mmmmm 


■a 


■!■■! 


•V, 


r 


102  TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Suborder  CINURA  Packard. 

Family  LEPISMATID^^  Burmeister. 

This  group  has  lieretofore  been  found  fossil  only  in  amber,  where 
eighteen  species  of  six  or  seven  genera  are  known ;  but  a  single  species  has 
been  found  in  the  shales  of  Florissant,  Colorado. 

LEPISMA  Linnd 

The  species  provisionally  placed  here  seems  to  differ  decidedly  from 
known  types  in  the  structural  characters  of  the  legs,  but  tlie  single  speci- 
men preserved  being  very  imperfect,  it  is  not  at  present  generically  distin- 
guished. In  the  equality  of  the  caudal  setie  it  is  nearest  Lepisma,  but  the 
legs  are  very  diffei'ont.  The  femora  resemble  closely  the  broad  coxje  of 
some  species  of  Lepisma,  and  would  hnve  been  taken  as  coxae  but  for  the 
slender,  elongated  joint  which  follows ;  one  of  the  legs,  too,  more  perfectly 
preserved  tluin  the  others,  shows  the  short  tarsus  following  the  tibiic,  and 
leaves  no  room  for  doubt  that  the  broadly  expanded  ovate  disks  on  either 
side  of  the  body  represent  the  femora,  to  which  succeed  a  slender,  rod-like 
tibia  of  equal  length  and  of  uniform  slenderness.  The  abdomen  consists  of 
ten  joints,  tapering  very  gently,  but  at  the  extremity  n)ore  rapidly. 

Two  amber  species  were  referred  to  this  genus  by  Koch  and  lierendt, 
one  of  which  wiis  tl'ought  to  be  almost  identical  with  Lepisma  saccharina, 
but  Menge  pointed  out  that,  notwithstanding  the  resemblance  between  the 
two.  they  differ  at  almost  every  point.     Tiie  group  is  cosmopolitan. 

Lepisma  pla  rvMERA. 

PI.  12,  Fit;.  18- 

A  single  specimen  in  which  the  head,  if  preserved,  is  separated  from 
the  body,  and  tlie  grontcr  part  of  the  thorax  is  lost,  but  the  whole  of  the 
abdomen  with  the  caudal  seta',  some  of  the  lateral  bristles,  and  most  of  the 
legs  are  fairly  preserved ;  the  latter  do  not  appear  in  the  figure.  The 
abdomen  is  slender  and  ordy  slightly  tapering,  excepting  on  the  last  three 
segment^^,  which  narrow  more  rapidly,  so  that  the  tip  of  the  a1)domen  is 
about  half  as  broad  as  its  base.  The  legs  are  very  remarkable  for  the  size 
and  great  expansion  of  the  femora  and  the  contrast»ul  linear  tibiae ;  the 


NBUUOPTERA— TERM  ITINA. 


103 


ieinora  are  ovate  flattened  disks,  distally  aubacuniinate,  more  than  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  as  long  as  (fore  and  middle  femora),  or  even  longer  than 
(hind  femora),  the  width  of  the  base  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  tibia'  ai-e  as  long 
as  the  ff'mora  and  scarcely  stouter  than  the  caud.i":  setiv,  while  the  tjirsi  are 
scarcely  if  any  slenderer  than  the  tibiae  and  less  than  half  their  length ;  a 
few  lateral  bristles  nearly  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  abdomen  can  be  seen, 
indicating  that  one  such  projected  from  either  side  of  each  abdominal  seg- 
ment, that  borne  by  the  last  segment  being  somewhat  longer  than  the 
others.  The  caudal  seta;  are  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  central  slightly 
longer  than  the  Literal  wh.ich  divaricate  gently,  and  are  nearly  if  not  quite 
as  long  as  the  body.  Nothing  can  be  made  of  the  detached  head  extremity 
more  than  its  slenderness,  it  being  about  half  the  width  of  the  base  of  the 
abdomen  Probably  the  body  was  fusiform  in  outline,  slender,  tapering 
from  the  middle  of  the  thorax  more  rapidly  forward  than  backward.  The 
last  abdominal  segment  is  somewhat  abruptly  truncate. 

Length  of  abdomen,  5.5"""' ;  breadth  at  base,  2""" ;  at  tip,  0.8""° ;  proba- 
ble length  of  fore  and  middle  femora,  2°"" ;  their  breadth,  0.8""" ;  probable 
length  of  hind  femora,  3""";  their  breadth,  O.t)"'"';  length  of  tibia',  l.TS"'""; 
of  tarsi,  O.TS'""  (perhaps  incomplete) ;  length  of  outer  caudal  setae,  8""" ; 
of  middle  caudal  seta,  8.5'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1693. 


Family  TERMITINA  Stephens. 

It  has  generally  been  supposed  that  the  white  ants  were  present  and 
tolerably  well  represented  in  paleozoic  rocks,  but  most  of  the  species  which 
have  been  referred  to  this  family  have  been  shown  by  recent  researches  to 
belong  to  the  Protoi)hasniida,  and  the  others  to  various  neuropteroid  Pala^- 
odi(!tyoptera.  At  least  half  a  dozen  species  are  known  from  the  mesozoic 
rooks,  however,  most  of  tiiem  coming  from  the  Lias  of  England,  Germany, 
and  Switzerland,  the  mo.st  c(tinmon  type  being  the  extinct  genus  Clathro- 
termes  Heer,  peculiar  for  its  numerous,  transverse,  gently  oblique  cross- 
veins  in  the  costal  Held  and  for  the  diuk,  quadrate  spots  which  usually  ac- 
company these  and  other  cros.s-veins.  If  we  are  to  follow  K.  Geinitz,  the 
species  must  have  been  exceedingly  variiible.  Two  white  ants  also  occur 
in  the  oolite  of  Bavaria,  which  llagen  refers  to  Termes  proper.     (1885.) 


104 


TKIITIARY  INSEOTS  OF  NORTH  AMKRI(!A. 


!   ; 


m 


The  family  of  Terniitina  is  represented  in  the  Tertiarios  of  Europe  by 
twenty-nine  nominal  species.  Haj^en,  liowever,  asserts  that  several  of  those 
purporting  to  come  from  amber  are  in  reality  copal  species,  and  this,  with 
synonyms  and  species  merely  nominal,  reduces  the  actual  number  to  sev- 
enteen. It  is  doubtful  if  one  of  these,  T.  peccana*  Massal,  is  a  Termes  at 
all,  and  if  it  is,  its  position  can  not  be  further  defined  The  number  may 
therefore  be  considered  sixteen;  besides  this,  a  species  has  been  indicated 
without  name  from  the  English  Tertiaries. 

Of  these  sixteen,  six  come  from  amber,  belonging  to  three  genera 
(Calotermes  two  species,  Termopsis  three,  and  Termes  one);  six  from 
Radoboj,  also  of  three  genera  (llodotermes  two  species,  Termes  two,  and 
Eutermes  two);  and  three  from  Oeningen,  of  two  genera  (Hodotermes  two 
species,  Termes  one — the  same  as  found  at  Radoboj)  Besides  these  there 
is  a  Calotermes  from  Rott,  and  a  Ht)dotermes  from  Schossnitz 

The  section  comprising  the  genera  having  a  brancherl  scanular  vein  is 
therefore  represented  by  eleven  species  (Calotermes  three,  Termopsis 
three — from  amber  only,  Hodotermes  five),  while  the  section  with  simple 
scapular  has  only  five  species  (Termes  three,  Eutermes  two).  The  nominal 
and  doubtful  species  (and,  it  might  be  added,  most  of  the  synonyms)  fall 
into  the  latter  section,  and  should  doubtless  increase  it  sou'.ewhat.  As  it 
stands  the  first  section  has  two-thirds  of  the  fossil  species. 

Thirteen  of  these  sixteen  species  are  entered  iu  ilagen's  Monographie 
der  Termiten;  the  others  have  since  been  published;  and  it  is  noteworthy 
that  of  the  eighty-foiu"  modern  species  contained  in  this  monograph  fifty- 
five,  or  nearly  two-thirds,  belong  to  the  secoiul  .'^ection;  in  other  words, 
only  31  per  cent  of  the  Tertiary,  but  o5  per  cent  of  the  recent  species,  be- 
long to  the  second  section. 

The  additions  to  the  Tertiary  Termite-fauna  here  made  are  in  entire 
kee|)ing  with  these  statistics;  six  species  are  described,  of  which  four  be- 
long to  the  first,  and  two  to  the  s(>cond,  section,  raising  the  number  of  Ter- 
tiary species  to  twenty-two,  or  about  one-fourth  the  number  of  recent 
species. 

Of  the.se  six  speci(^s,  three  belong  to  a  new  extinct  genus,  apparently 
peculiar  to  America,  but  possibly  including  .some  of  the  species  from  the 
Europe:!  n  T'ertiaries;  another  is  referred  doubtfully,  from  want  of  sufficient 
data,  t'    llodotermes,  which  has  yielded  species  from  Radoboj,  Oeningen, 


NEUROPTKKA— TERMITINA. 


105 


and  Schossnitz,  as  well  as  among  modern  types;  while  the  other  two  prob- 
ably fill]  into  Eutermes,  and  are  allied  to,  but  considerably  smaller  than, 
the  species  from  Radoboj  placed  with  many  modern  types  in  the  same 
genus.  They  are  perhaps  more  nearly  allied  to,  as  they  certainly  agree 
better  in  size  with,  the  two  species  of  Termes  found  living  in  the  neighbor- 
ing valley  of  the  Fontaine  qui  Bouille,  Calotermes,  which  has  furnished 
species  from  amber  and  the  Rlienish  basin,  Termopsis,  which  has  more  fos- 
sil (auiber)  species  than  recent,  and  Termes  proper,  which  is  represented  at 
Oeningen  and  Radoboj  and  in  amber  and  the  Rhenish  basin,  all  seem  to  be 
wanting  in  the  American  Tertiaries.  The  composition  of  the  white-ant  fauna 
of  the  ancient  Florissant,  to  which  locality  the  known  American  fossils  are 
confined,  differs  considerably  from  that  of  the  localities  known  in  the  Eu- 
ropean Tertiaries,  but  resembles  that  of  Radoboj  more  closely  than  it  does 
any  other^  as  will  appear  from  the  following  table  of  representation: 


Firal  division. 


Florissaut. 

Radoboj. 

Parotermes  iumgiiis. 

PiirotiTiiiPH  liiiKenii. 

Parotermes  fotlinm. 

Hmloterineii  T  cnloradensis. 

HoiIoternicB  haidiiiKeri. 

HoJoteriiuiH  procenw. 

Serond  dirininii. 


Eutermes  fnHsnriim. 
Cutermes  lutiadii. 


Termes  prUtinus. 
EiiteniK'H  (iliHciirns. 
Eutermes  croaticns. 


Out  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  specimens  of  amber  white  ants  ex- 
amined by  Hagen  only  a  single  larva,  and  no  soldier,  was  found ;  all  other 
fossil  individuals  have  also  been  winged  specimens;  but  it  is  worthy  of 
special  remark  that  in  the  collection  of  twenty-six  individuals  from  Floris- 
sant one  is  a  larva.  The  scarcity  of  such  forms,  whether  in  amber  or 
lacustrine  deposits,  is  easily  explained  by  the  habit  of  life  of  these  creatures. 

The  very  presence  of  so  considerable  a  number  of  Tennitina  (twenty- 
six  specimens,  six  species')  in  the  Florissant  beds  is  indicative  of  a  much 

'  According  to  Ha(?eii  (Liun.  Eiit.,  vol.  I'i.  p.  iU)  no  locality  in  the  world  has  yielded  more  than 
nine  species  of  livint;  types;  they  so  rarely  number  more  than  four,  that  he  had  formerly  indicated 
this  as  the  limit,  so  far  as  known. 


106  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

warmer  climate  formerly  than  the  locality  now  enjoys.  Only  three  species 
of  white  ants,  and  of  these  only  one  belonging'  to  the  section  with  branched 
scapular  vein,  have  been  recorded  from  the  United  States  north  of  the  Gulf 
margin,  excepting  on  the  Pacific  coast,  where  one  or  two  more  extend  as 
far  north  as  San  Francisco.  Yet  seventeen  species  in  all  are  recorded  from 
North  America  by  Hagen  in  1801,  and  some  have  since  been  added  to  the 
list;  while  his  South  American  list  (nearly  all  from  Hrazil)  includes  thirty- 
one  species,  of  whiidi  five  are  repeated  from  the  North  American  list,  F'lor- 
issant  is  situated  in  3!)°  north  latitude,  and  Ilagen  says  that  the  family 
only  rarely  (wenifj),  and  that  only  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  extends  be- 
yond the  fortieth  degree  of  latitude.  One  species  occurs  as  far  north  as 
Manitoba.     (September,  1881.) 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Termitina. 
Scapular  vein  branclieil. 

Siibniargiiial  vein  proseut 1.  Pitrolermei. 

8iibniar);inal  vein  abwmt !i.  nodntirnie-'. 

Scapular  veiu  unbranched '.i,  £'M(frme«. 

1.  PAROTERMES  Scudder. 

Parotermen  Scndd.,  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  ArtH  and  >Sci.,  XIX,  13.^.(1883). 

Head  rather  large,  short-oval  in  form,  almost  as  broad  anteriorly  as 
posteriorly,  well  rounded  behind:  eyes  .^mall,  ocelli  wanting;  antennic 
longer  than  the  head,  but  shorter  than  the  head  and  prothorax,  slender,  per- 
haps slightly  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  either  end,  composed  of  about 
twenty  equal  joints,  shorter  than  broad.  Prothorax  from  i>  iialf  to  a  third 
as  long  as  the  head,  narrower  than  or  only  as  broad  as  it,  broader  in  front 
than  behind,  subquadrate,  with  the  hinder  angles  rounded  oft'.  Wings 
slender  ami  straight,  subccpial,  less  than  half  us  long  again  as  the  l)ody,  four 
times  as  long  a.-^  broad ;  basal  scale  obscure  in  most  specimens  examined, 
moderately  large,  as  long  as  the  prothorax,  its  costal  margin  convex ;  costal 
margin  of  wing  straight  nearly  to  tin;  tip,  which  tapers  to  a  well-rounded 
point;  marginal  and  mediastinal  veins  both  present,  the  latter  distinct  and 
reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  (sometimes  only  to  the  end  of  tlie  basal  third) 
of  the  costal  border;  .scapular  vein  ruiniing  j)urallel  to  the  costal  mavgiu  to 
the  tip  of  the  wing  and  emitting  from  five  to  seven  very  obli(|ue  gentlv 
curving  superior  Iranches  at  pretty  regular  intervals,  the  second  arising 
before  the  middle  of  the  vein ;  it  al.so  emits  a  couple  of  inferior  branches 


NEUKOPTKltA— TERMITINA. 


107 


from  opposite  the  base  of  two  of  the  later  branches  which  strike  the  apex 
of  the  w\ug,  diverging  from  the  main  vein  no  more  than  the  superior 
branches.  Externomedian  vein  also  running  parallel  to  the  costal  margin 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  wing,  and  not  ao  far  removed  from  the 
scapular  as  the  latter  is  from  the  costal  margin  ;  it  has  four  or  live  simple  or 
forked  branches,  mostly  arising  in  the  basal  third  of  the  wing,  and  with  these 
branches  takes  a  remarkably  longitudinal  course  obliquely  toward  the  hind 
margin  and  parallel  to  the  inferior  apical  branches  of  the  scapular  vein ;  it 
therefore  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the  wing.  The  internomedian  vein  is 
reduced  to  a  very  contracted  area,  consisting  apparently  of  only  a  single 
forked  vein  or  two  in  the  narrowing  basal  part  of  the  wing.  The  feeble  char- 
acter of  the  externomedian  and  internomedian  veins,  as  well  as  of  the  inferior 
branches  of  the  scapular  vein,  prevents  their  preservation  on  most  of  the 
fossils,  and  it  is  only  in  a  few  specimens  that  the  whole  or  nearly  the  whole 
can  be  made  out.  There  is  apparently  no  net-work  or  reticulation  anjwhere 
on  the  membrane  of  the  wing.  The  abdomen  is  large  and  ovate,  generally 
broader  than  the  rest  of  the  body. 

Tliis  genus,  which  is  most  nearly  allied  to  Termopsis  and  Calotermes, 
differs  from  each  of  them  in  points  wherein  they  differ  from  each  other,  and 
has  some  peculiarities  of  its  own.  It  dift'ers  from  Calotermes  in  its  shorter 
wings  (relative  to  the  length  of  the  body),  which  lack  any  fine  reticulation, 
and  in  its  want  of  ocelli.  From  Termopsis  it  differs  in  its  slenderer  but  yet 
shorter  wings,  without  reticulation,  its  uniform  scapular  vein  running  par- 
allel to  the  costa  throughout  and  j)rovided  with  fewer  and  straight  branches. 
From  both  it  differs  in  the  presence  of  distinct  inferior  branches  to  the 
scapular  vein,  but  especially  in  the  slight  development  of  the  internomedian 
vein,  the  excessive  area  of  the  externomedian  vein,  and  the  course  of  the  lat- 
ter, which  is  approximated  much  more  closely  than  usual  to  the  scapular 
vein  and  emits  branches  having  an  unusually  longitudinal  course.  These 
last  peculiarities  also  separate  this  genus  still  more  widely  from  Hodotermes, 
with  which  it  agrees  preUy  closely  in  many  points,  and  in  which  Hagen 
places  most  of  tlie  larger  Termitina  described  by  Heer  from  the  European 
Tertiaries,  although  ihey  do  not  ap]>ear  to  agree  with  the  characteristics  of 
the  genua  as  given  by  him,  and  certainly  approach  in  some  of  their  features 
the  peculiarities  of  the  present  genus.  It  is,  however,  impossible  from 
Heer's  figures  alone  to  judge  whether  they  are  really  more  closely  allied 


108 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


to  Hodotermes  or  Paroterniea ;  a  nearer  examination  of  the  types  them- 
selves would  perhaps  decide;  but  at  present  Parotennes  must  be  con- 
sidered peculiar  to  the  American  Tertiaries. 

The  species  are  all  of  pretty  large  siz(\     They  may  be  separated  af« 
follows : 

Table  of  the  tproirH  of  Vnrolermn, 

AlHloriiuii  considornbly  broader  Minn  tliti  thorax. 

WiiigM  proilueod  at  the  apox ;  miliiuarKiiinl  win  short;  l)ranchos  of  the  oxternomodinn  vein  mid 

int'eriiir  linmi'hoK  olHPnpiilnr  iiiorp  oltliqiie  than  the  HiiperiorHcapiiIar  hratU'h*>N I.  /'.  inaigmn. 

WinjfH  roiiiidcd  nt  Ihcnpt'x;  HiilininrKlnnl  v«in  Ioiir;   liranohoH  of  \\w  Niihinedian  vein  niid  infer- 
ior hranclie^of  the  waunhir  om  lonKitndiiinl  an  the  giiporior  Hc.apniar  bninisliits 'i.  l\  haiimiii. 

Abdomen  no  broader  than  thorax X  P.  fndiiin: 


u  \ 


1.    PaROTERMES     IN8IGNI8. 
PI.  12,  Figs.  13, 14. 

Parottrmei  inmgiiis  Scndd.,  Proc.  Anier.  Aoad.  Arte  and  Sci.,  XIX,  1:17-130  (1883);  in  Zittel,  Handb. 

Palwont.,  I,  ii,  T7:i,  FiR.  974  (ISSTi). 

Head  broad  oval,  of  pretty  regular  shape,  but  broadest  in  the  middle 
of  the  hinder  half,  the  front  and  hind  border  broadly  rounded ;  there  is  a 
slight  median  longitudinal  suture  in  the  posterior  half  of  the  he.ad.  Eyes 
one-fifth  the  diameter  of  the  head,  situated  with  the  front  margin  slightly 
more  distant  from  the  front  than  from  the  hind  border  of  the  head  and  the 
outer  margin  just  within  or  at  the  lateral  margin  of  the  head ;  they  do  not 
appear  to  project  strongly  above  the  surface.  Antenna;  scarcely  so  long  as 
the  head  and  prothorax  together,  composed  of  about  twenty  to  twenty-two 
joints,  the  basal  joints  twice  as  broad  as  the  stem,  the  others  broader  than 
long  and  eqiial  throughout,  not  enlarged  toward  the  middle  of  the  antenntc. 
Pronotuin  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  as  broad  as  the  head,  the  front 
uKirgin  nearly  straight  with  slightly  rounded  corners,  the  hind  border  and 
sides  forming  one  nearly  uniform,  broad,  semicircular  curve ;  its  surface  ap- 
pears to  be  flat,  or  at  least  there  is  no  median  impressed  line.  Mesonotum 
a  fourth  broader  than  long,  with  a  distinct  aiodian  impressed  line,  at  least  in 
the  front  half,  sulxjuadrate  in  shape,  broadest  in  tlio  middle  of  the  front  half, 
and  tapering  slightly  and  regularly  behind,  the  front  margin  broadly  rounded 
to  the  shoulder  of  the  wing.  Metanotum  about  as  long  as  the  niosonotum 
and  of  a  similar  shape,  but  tapering  more  rapidly  behind,  and  likewise  with 
a  median  impressed  line  more  distinct  anteriorly.  Abdonuni  obovate,  broad, 
and  about  equally  rounded  at  either  end,  in  the  middle  nearly  half  as  broad 


NEUROPTEBA-TEBM ITINA. 


109 


again  aH  any  other  part  of  the  body,  in  length  just  about  equaling  the  en- 
tire thorax.  Abdominal  appendages  obscurely  seen  ir.  a  single  individual, 
where  they  are  tolerably  stout,  taporing  slightly,  very  bluntly  terminated, 
and  about  as  long  as  the  last  abdominal  segment.  Legs  very  short,  the 
tibiae  being  shorter  than  tlie  width  of  the  thorax,  and  armed  at  tip  with  a 
])air  of  short  straight  spurs ;  tarsi  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  tibiae, 
but  the  separate  joints  are  not  determinable  on  any  of  the  specimens. 

Wings  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  middle  of  the  front  pair  reaching 
the  end  of  the  abdomen,  long  and  very  regularly  obovate,  the  only  differ- 
ence in  the  form  of  the  two  extremities  being  in  the  gentler  tapering  of  the 
base  and  the  straighter  course  of  the  costal  margin  next  the  base.  The 
basal  scale  is  triangular,  about  as  long  as  the  mesonotum,  its  costal  and 
outer  margins  each  a  very  little  convex.  Tlie  scapular  vein,  its  superior 
branches,  and  the  mediastinal  are  stout,  while  the  other  veins  are  very 
feeble  and  only  appear  under  favorable  preservation.  The  submarginal 
vein '  is  crowded  against  the  margin,  l)ut  does  not  run  fairly  into  it  before 
the  end  of  the  basal  fifth  of  the  wing.  The  mediastinal  vein  terminates  a 
short  distance  before  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  scajjular  vein  runs  at 
only  a  short  distance  from  and  parallel  to  the  margin,  and  emits  from  five 
to  eight  superior  branches  running  in  an  extremely  longitudinal  course  to 
the  costa ;  usually  the  first  branch  is  thr<»wn  off  almost  as  far  out  as  the 
middle  of  the  second  quarter  of  the  wing,  but  where  the  l)ranches  are 
numerous  three  branches  are  thrown  off  before  the  middle  of  the  wing;  in 
addition  to  the  superior  veins  two  inferior  veins  are  emitted  in  the  apical 
third  of  the  wing,  and  strike  the  lower  margin  of  the  wing  just  below  the 
apex.  The  externomedian  vein  runs  subparallel  to,  but  a  little  divergent 
from,  the  scapular,  and  nearly  as  far  from  it  as  it  is  from  the  costal  margin, 
emitting,  four  inferior  simple  or  forked  branches  which  cover  the  greater 
part  of  the  hind  border  with  their  nervules ;  from  near  the  middle  of  the 
wing  a  superior  branch  is  also  emitted,  which  is  soon  lost.  The  interno- 
median  vein  is  forked,  and  strikes  the  margin  near  the  middle  of  the  basal 
half 

Although  in  the  mimber  of  branches  to  the  scapular  vein  the  speci- 
men showing  the  wings  most  clearly  (No.  7752)  differs  considerably  from 

'  What  I  hurv  cull  tUe  Hubmargiual  vein  is  the  tiliort  simple  vein,  sumetiriieH  prraeot  in,  at  other 
times  abuent  from,  Termitiiia,  whic'j  precedes  the  modiastiaal  veiu.  Hagen  calls  it  the  first  branch  of 
bis  subcosta. 


no 


TEUTIAttY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


the  others,  the  vein  coimnoncing  to  briiiu^h  nt  a  considerably  earlier  point, 
all  the  speciii  ens  iigreo  s(»  well  in  every  other  particular  thai  these  would 
appear  to  h.'  individual  variations.  It  is  the  largest  8pecie>  of  the  genus. 
I.engtI.  of  body,  1 1.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  21)""" ;  of  abdomen,  .'{.3""" ; 
length  of  antenna",  4.2.')""";  of  front  wing,  l.'i.;}"'"';  breadth  of  same,  3.35""" ; 
length  of  middle  tibia,  2""";  of  tarsi,  1.25"'"';  of  abdominal  appendages, 
0  65"'". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  400,  7752,  9041,  14400. 

2.    PaROTKRMKS    nAGENII. 

PI.  12,  Fig.  2. 

Pariitfrmeii  hagrnii  Sciidil.,  Prov.  Amur.  Acud.  Arts  »acl  Sci.,  \IX,  i:it>-140  (188:i). 

Head  roundish  obovato,  very  regularly  rounded,  scarcely  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  broadest  at  the  eyes,  which  are  scarcely  behind  the  middle, 
and  are  deeply  set,  their  outer  border  projecting  but  little  beytnid  the  c(»n- 
tour  of  the  head.  Antenna>  nearly  as  long  as  head  and  pronotum  taken 
together,  C(.:»iposed  of  about  twenty-si.\  joint.s,  subequal  lutyond  the  base, 
a  little  taper  ng  at  the  tip.  Pronotnni  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
fully  as  broad  as  the  head,  the  front  margin  slightly  concave,  the  hind 
border  and  sid(*s  forming  a  regular  bnmd  curve.  Mcsonotum  and  metano- 
tum  shaped  exactly  as  in  P.  insignis,  and  with  a  similar  impressed  line. 
Abdomen  ol)ovate,  but  with  mon^  parallel  sides  than  in  P.  insignis,  being 
only  a  little  broader  than  the  thorax,  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the 
body,  including  the  head.  Abdominal  appendages  tolerably  slender,  e(pial, 
bluntly  j)ointed,  composed  of  Hve  or  six  joints,  the  last  of  which  appears 
to  be  two  or  thnie  times  as  long  as  the  otiu;rs,  which  are  eipial ;  the  whole 
is  about  half  as  long  as  the  pronotum.  T-^egs  short,  but  longer  than  in  P. 
insignis,  the  tibi.e  being  about  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  thorax,  but  thev 
are  imperfecth'  preserved  on  all  the  specimens. 

Wings  a  littl(!  more  than  four  times  longer  than  In-oad,  the  middle  (»f 
the  front  pair  scarcely  reaching  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen,  broadest  in 
the  middle,  tapering  almost  as  much  apically  as  basally,  the  tip  roundly 
pointed,  the  costal  margin  pretty  straight  until  shortly  before  the  tip,  the 
lower  margin  broadly  curved.  The  basal  scale  is  of  the  same  shajjc  and 
size  as  in  P.  insignis,  l)ut  with  a  stronger  costal  curve.  The  .scapular  vein 
and  its  superior  branches  are  stout,  its  inferior  branches  and  the  veins  below 


NEUBOPTBHA— TERMITINA. 


Ill 


fetible,  »o  88  only  to  appear  under  favorable  clrcuinstanceH,  being  visible 
in  only  half  of  the  specimens  before  me.  The  Hubmarginal  vein  of  the 
front  wing  terniinateM  at  about  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wing, 
and  about  opposite  tlu-  origin  of  the  first  superior  scapular  branch.  The 
mediastinal  vein  extends  about  to  the  middle  of  the  wing  both  in  the  front 
and  hind  wings.  The  scapular  vein  is  related  to  the  nuu-gin  exacth'  as  in 
P.  insignis,  and  has  five  or  six  superior  branches  on  the  hind  wing,  six  or 
seven  on  the  front  wing ;  on  the  front  wing  they  originate  at  subecpuil  dis- 
taii'  >8  apart,  conunencing  usually  at  about  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of 
the  wing,  but  when  there  are  but  six  brunches  (which  appears  to  be  less 
conuuoidy  the  case)  tiie  first  originates  at  a  greater  distance  from  the  base; 
on  the  hind  wing  there  is  greater  irregularity ;  in  one  specimen,  that  fig- 
tu'ed  (No.  S616),  there  are  five  branches  on  the  left  hind  wing,  the  first  orig- 
inating beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  while  on  the  right  wing  there  is  an 
additional  vein,  originating  far  before  the  second,  at  the  middle  of  the  basal 
half  of  the  wing ;  in  another  specinjen  with  only  five  veins  (No.  8250)  the 
basal  branch  originates  somewhat  beyond  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of 
the  wing,  and  the  others  follow  at  subequal  intervals ;  besides  these  superior 
there  are  two  inferior  nervules  arising,  the  first  at  the  end  of  the  middle 
third  of  the  wing,  opposite  a  superior  branch,  and  the  second  opposite  the 
succeeding  branch;  sometimes  a  third  vein  appears  beyond  these;  after 
parting  from  tiie  scaj)ular  vein  these  take  a  longitudinal  course  and  termi- 
nate at  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  externomedian  vein  runs  .><»ibparallel  to 
the  scapular,  diverging  slightly  from  it  and  being  as  far  from  it  as  it  is  from 
the  costal  margin ;  it  enn'ts  two  or  three  inferior  branches,  the  last  scarcely 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  basal  ones  of  which  apjiear  to  be 
forked,  but  all  having  an  unusually  longitudinal  course,  being  only  slightly 
deflected  towards  the  lower  margin.  Nothing  can  be  said  of  the  interne- 
median  vein. 

This  species  differs  from  P.  insignis  by  its  more  laterally  disposed  eyes, 
rounder  head,  differently  shaped  wings,  more  longitudinally  disposed 
branches  of  the  externomedian  vein,  atul  longer  and  narrower  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  10.5-12,  a,v.  11""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.1""";  of  abdo- 
men, 2.6""'';  length  of  antenna;,  4"'"";  of  front  wing,  13.5-15.5,  av.  14"'"'; 
breadth  of  same,  i{.35""" ;  length  of  middle  tibia,  l.GS"";  of  abdominal 
appendages,  0.65'""". 


! 


112 


TICRTIAUY  INSKCT8  UK  NOUTII  AMKUICA. 


Niiinud  tor  Dr.  II.  A.  Ilaguii,  tliu  diHtiu^iiiHiuul  iiKHio^^niplier  of  tlio 
'i'uriiiitiiia,  liviiit;  mid  fimMil. 

FI(>ii--.:«.Mt.  ScvtJii  spocimena,  Noh.  4629,  4652,  6224,  6030,  8250,  8616, 
14167 

3.  Pakotekmes  kooinjb. 

PI.  lli,  FijjH.  3,  J'J. 
I'arolermrt/odinir  HemUi.,  Proc.  Aiiht.  Avail.  ArtHaiKl  8ci.,  XIX,  141  <l*)83). 

Head  oliloii}''  obovato,  half  as  loiij;  again  as  broad,  tlio  oyew  huge,  nr- 
riil.ir,  about  one-fifth  tho  diainetor  of  th(t  head,  slightly  projecting  beyond 
the  «:des,  the  Ulterior  edge  near  the  middle  of  the  head.  Pronotnni  trans- 
versely luiiiite,  as  broad  as  the  head,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  the 
front  margin  regularly  and  considerably  concave,  the  hind  margins  and 
sides  forming  one  uniform  strongly  (ronvex  curve,  the  anterior  lateral  angles 
roundetl  off.  Mesonotum  and  metanotnin  obscurely  preserved,  but  a[)par- 
ently  formed  much  as  in  the  other  species,  the  mesonotum  being  of  al)OUt 
the  same  width  as  the  proiiotum.  Abdomen  rather  long  and  comparatively 
slender,  scarcely  if  at  all  e.\cee<ling  in  width  the  parts  in  front,  the  sides 
being  unusually  parallel,  the  tip  w(?ll  rounded,  the  whole  as  long  as  the 
rest  of  the  body.  Abdominal  appendages  very  small,  stout,  being  oid\'  a 
little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  l)road,  largest  in  the  middle,  and  tajjering 
either  way,  the  tip  blunt,  the  whole  not  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the 
eye.  I.'egs  poorly  and  partially  preserved  in  a  single  specimen,  showing 
them  to  be  much  as  in  I',  hagenii,  the  hind  tibia  being  oidy  a  little  shorter 
than  the  width  of  the  mesothorax. 

Wings  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  niiddle  of  the  front  pair  reach- 
ing the  tip  (»f  the  alxlomen;  the  exact  form  can  not  be  made  out,  but  the 
costal  margin  is  strr.ight  until  very  near  the  tip,  and  the  hind  border  appears 
to  be  uniform  and  to  make  the  wing  slightlv  broadest  just  beyond  the  mid- 
dle. The  submarginal  vein  is  unusually  long,  running  into  the  costa  only 
a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  mediastinal  terminates  not  far 
beyond  the  middle  The  scapular  \ein  has  five  (»r  .six  In-anches  in  the  front 
wing,  generally  five  in  the  hind  wing,  the  first  appearing  always  to  origi- 
nate at  the  end  of  the  ba.sal  third  of  the  wing.  The  inferior  nervules  of 
this  vein  and  the  cour.se  of  the  branches  of  the  veins  below  can  not  bo 
determined  in  any  of  the  specimens,  but  there  are  faint  indications  of  their 


NEIJUOPTERA— TRRMITINA. 


113 


proHence,  and  nothing  in  them  appears  to  (listiiiguisli  this  HpecieH  by  any 
marked  peculiarities  from  the  others  of  the  genus. 

This  speeios  differs  from  tlie  others  here  described  in  its  considerably 
smaller  si^te,  slender  abdomen,  and  much  smaller  abdominal  appendages. 

Length  of  body,  9""" ;  breadth  of  tliorax,  2™"' ;  length  of  front  wing, 
13""";  breadth  of  same,  3.26""";  length  of  hind  tibia,  2""";  of  abdominal 
appendages,  0.25"'"'. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  1247, 1253,  7608,  11190  and  14391. 

2.  H0D0TERME8  Hagen. 

Hagen  refers  to  this  genus  two  fossil  species  from  Oeningen  and  two 
from  Rudoboj.  Assmann  also  describes  a  species  from  Schossnitx,  and  one 
of  the  ^''loriHsant  white  ants  is  referred  here  doubtfully.  The  fossil  there- 
fore nearly  eqiuil  in  number  the  living  species,  which  are  all  inhabitants  of 
the  Old  World,  the  most  northern  species  being  found  in  Egypt. 

HoDOTERMESif   COhORADENHIH. 

PI.  12,  Ff?.  0. 
ffodolermetl  coloradentii  Sondd.,  Proc.  Amer.  Acail.  Artk  and  Sci.,  XI.X,  1412-143  (1883). 

Metanotum  considerably  narrower  than  the  mesonotum,  as  long  as 
broad,  tapering  posteriorly,  the  front  border  straight,  the  hind  border 
rounded.  Abdomen  ovate,  stout,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  the  sides 
full,  as  broad  as  the  meaothorax,  posterior  extremity  rounded.  Abdominal 
appendages  long  and  slender,  half  as  long  as  the  metanotum,  composed  of 
at  least  six  or  seven  joints,  slightly  tapering,  terminating  very  bluntly. 

Wings  very  long,  the  middle  of  the  front  pair  lying  far  beyond  the  tip 
of  the  abdomen.  Submarginal  vein  absent  from  all  tlie  wings.  Mediasti- 
nal vein  t'M'iniuating  at  the  middle  of  the  front  border.  Scapular  vein 
parallel  to  the  front  margin,  with  at  least  four  branches  in  both  wings,  and 
in  the  front  })air  pretty  certainly  five  branches,  and  perhaps  six ;  the  first 
branch  originates  in  the  front  wing  at  the  end  of  the  basal  fourth  of  the 
wing,  in  the  hind  wing  a  little  farther  out. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  the  other  fossil  Termitina 
of  North  America  by  its  very  great  size,  the  length  of  the  wings  being 
double  that  of  any  other.  Although  the  specimen  is  very  imperfect,  the 
VOL  xiii 8 


I 


J 


III 


f 


114 


TKRTIARY  INaRCTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tip  and  lowor  halt'  of  t\w  w'lUf^  hm\g  nhHent,  nx  woll  m  tlin  \uhu\,  prothornx, 
and  lo^'H,  it  (lifr(>i'H  ho  iiiiicJi  from  tho  Hpnoiim  of  INirotorniHM,  in  tlio  aliHoiuMt 
of  tlio  Hiihmai'fji'iiiul  voiit  ami  tho  groat  longtii  of  tho  ahdoniiiial  appoiidagtm, 
that  it  prohahly  can  not  l)o  asHociatod  with  them  gcnorically.  In  nhe  and 
gonoral  appoaranco  it  agreon  ho  fairly  with  tho  Tertiary  HpociondoHrribod  by 
Iloor,  rofcrrofl  to  iloilotcrnicH  hy  Ila^fun,  that  I  plaoo  tho  npocicH  proviHion- 
nlly  in  tho  mime  ^onuH,  from  wliioh  (as  from  all  othor  gonora  ho  far  aH  I 
know  in  whioli  tho  Htructuro  of  tho  win^s  would  allow  it  to  be  placed),  it 
ditTorw  hy  tho  ^nvat  length  of  its  anal  appon<lagoH. 

liOngth  of  body  aH  proHorvod,  9"""  (probably  it  reached  about  12) ;  of 
abdonu'ii,  6""" ;  breadth  of  nanio,  4J>""" ;  length  (»f  fore  wing,  23"""  or  more  ; 
of  abdominal  appendagoH,  l/if)""";  breadth  of  name,  0  3""". 

FlorisHunt.     One  Hpecimon,  No  (iOlO. 

8.  EUTERMES  Ileor. 

The  romainin;^  /.pocioH  fall  into  the  division  of  Tormitina  in  which  thi 
Hcapular  vein  is  unbranched,  and  it  is  uncertain  whether  they  should  fall  in 
TermcH  proj>er  or  in  Entormes,  the  veins  below  the  scapular  being  in  all 
oases  poorly  preserved  or  wholly  obliterated.  The  limiti^l  number  of  an- 
tennal  joints  in  such  as  have  these  preserved  sullicieiitly  for  examination, 
and  the  occasional  indication  of  a  broad  subscapular  field  in  others,  lead 
rather  to  tho  presumption  that  they  .should  bo  ])laced  in  Eutormes.  Two 
species  have  1)een  found  at  Floris.sant.  The  genus  has  been  well  known  in 
a  fo.ssil  state,  four  species  having  been  described  from  lladolntj  in  Croatia 
and  five  from  Prussian  amber.  Indeed,  the  genus  was  first  founded  upon 
fossil  species,  but  it  was  soon  seen  that  many  living  forms  belonged  to  the 
same  group.  The  existing  species,  sonio  thirty  in  number,  belong  almost 
exclusively  to  the  tropics,  and  ('specially  t<»  those  of  the  southern  hemi- 
sphere. 

The  two  species  of  Eutermes  which  have  been  found  at  Florissant 
may  be  separated  l)y  the  following  features: 

Table  of  Ihe  iptciet  of  Ktilermtt. 

HfoiI  liriiatlrr  l)«hinil  than  in  front,  ocnroely  hnlf  ax  long  iiKbin  »h  broad  ;  prnnotnm  Reinicircular,  the 
|iiiHtt>riur  curve  iinirorrn I.  /■-'.  /omarum, 

IIi'iiil  not  lirondi-r  lichinil  thnii  in  front,  fully  half  as  long  at;a<n  an  hruad  )  iironotiiin  vi^ry  Hhoit,  tho 
bind  iiiargiu  niori<  or  li'w*  trnncatn '«!.  E.  meadii. 


NEUUOPTEUA-TKKMITINA. 


115 


1.  KirTEKMKM  roiMAKirM. 

PI.  12,  Pig.  20. 

Euttrmti  /oMafNm  HoikIiI.,  Proo.  Aninr.  Aflsil.  Arti  and  Hoi.,  XIX,  U:)-144  (IHR)). 

Ileftd  vory  roj^iiliirly  ohovato,  a  little  hmador  behind  than  in  front, 
nearly  half  aH  lony;  a^^ain  aH  hroad,  itH  poHtorior  border  well  rounded.  EyoM 
rather  Hmnll,  situated  in  the  middle  laterally,  projoctin)^  but  little.  Anten- 
na; Hcarcely  if  any  lonjjer  than  the  head,  rather  Mtout,  enlarj^injif  away  from 
the  baHo,  eompoHed  apparently  of  Iuhh  than  fifteen  jointM.  I'ronotum  art 
broad  aH  the  head  and  twice  hh  broad  aH  long,  Hemicirciilar,  the  front  border 
scarcely  concave,  the  front  margiim  Hlightly  rounded.  Menonotum  and 
metanotuin  as  broad  hh  pronotuin,  quadrate,  ecpial,  about  half  att  broad 
again  as  long.  Abdomen  Homewhat  longer  than  the  rest  of  the  body  and 
slightly  broader  than  tliw  thorax,  with  gently  rounded  sides  and  well- 
rounded  tip  i  no  abdominal  appendages  are  diHcovorable  on  any  of  the 
specimens.  Legs  poorly  preserved  on  all  specimens ;  apparently  they  are 
of  medium  length. 

Wings  rather  more  than  four  timp'»  as  long  as  broad,  the  middle  of  the 
front  pair  not  reaching  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  very  uniform  and  regular, 
of  nearly  equal  breadth  throughout  the  middle  two-thirds,  the  costal  mar- 
gin straight  until  just  before  the  tip.  Sca[)iilar  vein  parallel  to  the  margin, 
the  subcostal  area  infumated ;  veins  below  the  scapular  not  determinable. 
The  basal  scale  appears  to  be  small,  broad,  triangular,  its  costal  border 
swollen. 

Length  of  body,  G.5-7..'),  av.  7. IS""™;  of  abdomen,  3..^)-4.5,  av.  4.1.5"""; 
breadth  of  pronotum,  1.2""';  of  abdomen,  1.5'"";  length  of  aiiteiuuB,  1.2"""; 
of  front  wing,  7.76-9.25,  av.  8.25"" ;  breadth  of  same,  2"". 

Florissant.  Five  sjjecimens,  Nos.  2329,  6049,  7393,  11752,  14980; 
three  of  thera  in  pretty  good  condition. 

2.   EUTERMES   HEAD!!. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  12,  17. 

Eutermet  ineadii  SoniM.,  Proo.  Amor.  Acad.  Arts  nnit  Hci,,  XIX,  144-145  ;1883>. 

Head  very  regularly  obovato,  broadest  just  behind  the  middle,  where 
the  small  eyes,  scarcely  projecting,  are  situated,  not  broader  behind  than 
in  front,  the  hind  margin  strongly  rounded,  the  whole  fully  half  as  long 


'<      -i 


116 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


anfain  as  broad.  A  titeiina;  nowhere  well  preserved,  l)ut  apparently  longer 
and  with  nior(3  numerous  joints  than  in  E.  fossaruni.  Pronotuni  as  broad 
as  the  head  (?)  and  very  sliort,  probably  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
the  hind  margin  not  forming  with  the  sides  a  continuous  curve,  but  in  its 
middle  half  only  slightly  convex.  Mesonotum  and  metanotnin  (piadrate, 
broader  than  the  head,  the  mesonotum  somewhat  the  larger,  at  least  half  as 
broad  again  as  long.  Abdomen  rather  stout,  longer  than  the  rest  of  the 
body,  the  sides  nearly  parallel,  the  tip  broadly  rounded,  aiul,  as  fiir  as  can 
be  made  out,  unj)rovidod  witii  terminal  appendages.  JiOgs  moderately  long 
and  stout,  the  tibiiu  armed  witii  a  psiir  of  spines  at  apex,  the  front  tibise 
about  as  long  as  the;  proiu)tum. 

Wings  long,  slender,  and  uniform,  four  times  or  slightly  less  than  four 
times  as  long  as  broad,  the  middle  of  the  front  pair  reaching  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  broadest  at  or  slightly  beyond  the  middle,  the  lower  border 
slightly  arcuate  throughout.  Costal  margin  straight  in  the  basal  three- 
fourths  of  the  wing.  Scapular  vein  parallel  to  the  margin,  the  subcostal 
area  scarcely  infumated.  Veins  below  the  scapular  not  determinable. 
]}asal  scale  small,  triangular,  equilateral,  the  sides  straiglit  excepting  the 
costal,  which  is  very  slightly  convex  and  prominent. 

This  .species  differs  from  the  preceding  by  its  slightly  smaller  size, 
squarer  pronotum,  and  differently  shaped  head. 

Length  of  body,  0.25-7,  av.  6.3"'"';  of  abdomen,  2.8-3.'),  av.  3.2'""; 
breadth  of  abdomen,  Lf)""";  length  of  wing,  7.5-8"'";  breadth  of  same,  2"". 

Named  for  Mr.  T.  L.  Mead,  whose  collection  of  Florissant  insects  he 
has  permitted  me  to  study. 

Floris.sant.  Four  specimens.  No.  19  (Coll.  T.  L.  Mead),  and  Nos.  31, 
1203,  8062. 

A  single  specimen  of  a  wingless  white;  aiit  has  been  found,  apparently 
belonging  to  this  .species  or  to  K.  fos.sarum.  It  measures  ;».75'"'"  \n  length, 
and  is  ot'  tlic  ordinary  form  of  the  worker,  with  rounded  head  and  con- 
8tricte<l  protliorax,  Ix-aring  a  general  resemblaiu-e  to  the  only  other  known 
fossil  termite  larva,  Hgured  in  Herendt's  work,  but  has  the  head  more  pro- 
duced anteriorly  and  the  abdomen  less  distended. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  6100. 


N  E  UttOPT  Eli  A— PSOCIN  A. 


117 


Family  PSOCINA  Burmeister. 

Until  now  this  group  has  been  found  fossil  only  in  amber,  but  here  in 
considerable  abundance,  since  several  of  the  species  are  represented  by . 
twenty,  thirty,  or  even  sixty  individuals;  and  fifteen  species  are  recognized, 
about  one -ninth  the  number  of  living  species  known,  but  nearly  one-half  as 
many  as  the  species  now  living  in  Germany,  according  to  the  latest  mono- 
graph by  Kolbe.  These  fossil  species  are  divided  among  ten  genera  as  fol- 
lows: Troctes,  one;  Sphivropsocus,  one;  Enipheria,  two;  Archipsocus,  two; 
Amphientomum,  one ;  Epipsocus,  one ;  Cajcilius,  three ;  Philotarsus,  two ; 
Psocus,  one ;  Elipsocus,  one.  The  genera  Sphseropsocus,  Empheria,  and 
Archipsocus  are  peculiar  to  amber ;  the  first  mentioned,  a  most  remarkable 
form,  has  the  front  wings  developed  into  the  semblance  of  elytra.  It  is 
worthy  of  note  that,  while  in  the  existing  fauna  of  Europe  the  groups  to 
which  Psocus  and  Elipsocus  belong  embrace  about  half  the  species,  they 
include  only  one-seventh  the  amber  fauna.  Hagen  and  Kolbe  are  at 
variance  on  the  interpretiition  of  these  facts.  The  single  imperfect  specimen 
so  far  found  in  American  deposits — the  only  one  indeed  in  any  rock  forma- 
tion— proves  to  belong  to  a  distinct  generic  type,  remarkable  for  the  wide 
separation  of  the  ocelli. 

PAROPSOCUS  gen.  nov.  (rrdpo?,  Psocus). 

The  single  insect  on  which  this  new  generic  group  is  based  is  very 
fragmentary,  but  seems  to  diflcr  so  clearly  from  other  types  of  Psocina, 
whether  living  or  fossil,  that  it  can  only  be  recognized  as  distinct.  The 
head  is  broad,  not  including  the  eyes  as  broad  as  long,  the  nasus  prominent, 
very  broadly  convex,  almost  truncate  ;  the  eyes  are  very  large,  very  promi- 
nent, globose,  subpedicellate,  being  strongly  constricted  at  base,  widening 
the  head  one-half;  ocelli  large,  exceptionally  distant,  the  outer  paired 
ocelli  infringing  on  the  margin  of  the  eyes.  Anteinue  with  the  first,  second, 
and  third  joints  successively  narrower  by  one-fourth,  the  first  and  second 
broader  than  long,  not  large,  the  third  Joint  four  oi  five  times  as  long  as 
broad,  cylindrical,  the  remaining  joints  on  the  proximal  tiiird  of  the  antennae 
two  or  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  smallest  at  base,  apically  rounded. 
Prothorax  narrow,  pedunculate,  free,  with  its  angulate  apex  ovtn-lapping  the 
mesonotum,  longer  than  broad.     Mesothorax  much  broader  than  the  total 


ill 


1  ■*.  i 

ml 

(V 

1^ 

i   -v 

<  [I] 

■     :  J 

' 

118 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


width  of  the  head.  Fore  tibine  slender,  longer  than  and  not  half  so  stout 
as  the  fore  femora.  Abdomen  very  short  and  stout,  tapering  very  rapidly 
behind. 

Perhaps  this  genus  is  as  nearly  related  to  Amphientomum  as  to  any 
other.     A  single  species  is  at  hand. 

Paropsocus  disjunctus. 
PI.  5,  Fig.  51. 

The  single  specimen  unfortunntely  shows  only  an  insignificant  fraction 
of  neuration,  and  therein  no  distinctive  parts,  but  only  those  which  are 
conmion  to  all  genera  of  Psocidae.  So  far  as  can  be  seen,  the  head,  thorax, 
antennje,  and  legs  are  absolutely  naked.  The  plate  wrongh'  shows  the  left 
antenna  as  the  tarsus  of  the  fore  leg.  The  third  joint  of  the  antenna?  is 
shorter  than  the  width  of  the  head  between  the  eyes. 

Length  of  body,  l.ti""";  breadth  cf  head,  0.45""";  of  thorax,  0.7.5"""; 
length  of  third  antennal  joint,  0..'5""". 

Fos.sil  Cafion,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen,  No.  33'',  W.  Denton. 

Family  EPHEMERID^  Stephens. 

Our  previous  knowledge  of  Tertiary  Ephemeridii'  is  based  entirely  upon 
imagos  and  almost  entirely  confined  to  the  statements  made  by  Pictet  and 
llagen  nearly  thirty  years  ago  in  their  account  of  amber  Neuroptera.  Four 
species  of  IJaetis  and  one  each  of  Potamanthus  and  Palingenia  were  there 
described,  and  two  years  earlier  mention  is  made  by  Ilagen,  by  name 
merely,  of  a  second  species  Oi"  Palingenia,  but  in  the  subsequent  work  it  is 
referred  to  Baetis.  Here  also  Pictet's  Palingenia  is  considei-ed  as  more 
closely  related  to  Baetis  anomala,  for  which  in  his  monograph  of  the 
I']phemeri(la'  Eaton  establishes  the  genus  Cronicus.  Eaton  also  refers  the 
Potamantlnjs  to  Leptophk'I)ia.  We  have  therefore  from  the  amber  threa 
species  of  Baetis,  one  or  proljably  two  of  Cronicus,  and  oiu*  of  Lei)tophlebia. 
Besides  these,  Sendel  figures  a  species  which  he  cla.sses  "inter  ei)hemeras 
minores,"  and  Burmeister  says  ]w  lias  seen  "zwei  individuen  der  gattung 
Ephemera"  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 

From  the  Tertiary  rocks  we  have  only  a  rt^A^rence  by  Schlotheim  to 
an  insect  from  Oeningen,  which  he  says  may  be  an  Ephemera  or  a  Phry- 


NEUROPTEllA— EPHEMERIDiE. 


119 


<w| 


ganea,  Heer's  undescribcd  Ephemera  oeningensis,  and  a  reference  to  an 
Australian  species  by  Wlkinson. 

It  is  not  worth  while  to  enter  here  upon  any  discussion  of  the  pre-Ter- 
tiary  Epheineridsc,  but  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  modern  discoveries  is 
Fric's  gigantic  Palingenia  foistmanteli  from  the  coal. 

The  American  remains  referred  here  are  rather  unsatisfactory,  con- 
sisting of  a  single  imago  and  five  different  species  of  larvii;  and  pupju.  The 
earlier  stajyes  have  not  before  been  noticed  in  a  fossil  state.  The  least  sat- 
isfactory  is  the  imago,  which  is  so  rudely  preserved  that  only  its  three 
caudal  setic  of  equal  length  give  any  clue  to  its  relationship.  The  larvae 
and  pupai  agree  closely  in  structural  features,  and,  excepting  E.  inter- 
empta,  seem  to  belong  to  one  genus.  The  stoutness  of  the  tibia;,  which  are 
of  nearly  equal  breadth  with  the  femora,  and  particularly  the  size  of  the 
fore  tibia;  where  preserved,  indicate  pretty  clearly  that  they  were  burrowing 
in  habit  and  belong  in  the  neighborhood  of  Ephemera  and  Palingenia;  their 
legs,  however,  though  longitudinally  hairy,  are  not  laterally  fringed,  as  ap- 
pears to  be  the  case  with  such  larviu  so  far  as  thoy  are  known;  and  the 
respiratory  organs  of  the  abdomen  are  too  ])oorly  preserved  to  offer  any  as- 
sistance; the  legs,  however,  are  evidently  flattened,  and  hence  I  have  placed 
them  in  Ephemera  I'ather  than  in  Palingenia.  They  seem,  however,  to  in- 
dicate the  existence  here  of  a  distinct  type,  for  they  differ  from  such  larva; 
as  are  known  in  the  form  of  the  body,  which  is  unusually  stout  at  the  thorax 
and  particularly  in  the  mesothorax,  tapering  anteriorly  to  such  a  degree 
that  the  head  is  very  small,  and  it  is  also  not  produced  anteriorly,  or  to  a 
slight  degree  only ;  the  abdomen  tapers  also  either  throughout  its  length 
or  from  the  middle  posteriorly;  the  respiratory  organs,  if  of  the  fonji  and 
position  in  which  they  are  found  in  Ephemera  and  Palingenia,  would  cer- 
tainly be  clearly  seen,  whereas  no  sign  of  them  appeals  upon  the  upper 
surfiice  of  the  abdomen;  there  are,  however,  certain  indications  laterally 
which  may  be  referred  to  them,  and  if  so  this  would  be  an  additional  dis- 
tinction. The  unfringed  legs,  in  which  femur,  tibia,  and  tarsus  are  of 
nearly  unilbrm  diameter,  indicate  a  further  diff"erence  from  known  types. 
So  little,  however,  is  known  of  the  early  stages  of  this  group  that  it  will  be 
impossible  to  indicate  the  nearer  affinities  of  these  fossil  larva?  until  further 
information  of  living  forms  is  obtained.     (September,  1883.) 


120 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I  ii 


EPHEMERA  Linnd. 

Tlie  species  known  only  in  the  immature  stages  may  be  distinguished 
as  follows : 

Table  of  the  species  of  Ephemera, 

Outer  caudal  sntiu  fringed  on  both  Hides.     Middle  Heta  as  long  aa  the  outer  Hetiv. 

8f  103  Vfr>' much  more  widttly  friiiffod   in  thf  middle  thiin  toward  either  end;  dorsiil   iilidoniiiial 

markings  consiHting  of  liglit  blottdioH  on  »  dark  ground 1,  K.  Uibifica. 

Setiv  only  a  little  more  widely  fringed  in  the  niiddl"  tliun  toward  the  buHe  or  tip;  dorNiiI  abdom- 
inal markingx  con.si.sting  of  light  lini-H  on  u  dark  ground '.i,  JC.  miicilenia. 

Outer  caudal  setie  fringed  on  this  inuer  Hide  only,  and  very  uineh  more  broadly  in  the  middle  than 

near  the  Imyi  or  tip.     Middle  HVta  Hhorter  than  thu  outer  Metm ..'i,  E.  immohilis. 

Sutii)  of  equal  length  and  naked,  or  not  noticeably  fringed. 

Large  npecieg.     Head  less  than  half  the  width  of  thorax;  dorsal  abdominal  markings  of  light 

lines 4.  A',  pumiiosa. 

Small  species.     Head  considerably  mora  than  half  as  wide  as  the  thorax  ;  no  dorsal  abdominal 
marking Ti.  E.  inlerempta. 

1.  Ephemeba  tabifica. 

Pupa. — This  species  differs  somewhat  in  form  from  the  otiier  larger 
types,  the  abdomen  l)eing  very  nearly  of  etjual  size  throughout  and  the 
thorax  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  it,  while  anteriorly  the  whole  body  tapers 
reg'ularly,  as  in  the  succeeding  species.  The  head  is  rounded  quadrate, 
about  half  the  width  of  the  thorax.  The  lej^s  are  slenderer  tlum  in  the 
succeeding  species  and  short,  the  front  pair  no  longer  than  the  width  of  the 
thorax,  the  hind  pair  longer,  being  as  long  as  the  iiead  and  thorax  together. 
The  wing  pads  are  blackish,  about  three  times  as  long  as  broail,  reniform 
in  shape,  the  inner  margin  bent  in  the  middle,  and  the  l)a.sal  halves  of  the 
inner  margin  of  the  two  winjjs  meetiii"'  to  form  an  an<;le  sliyhtlv  less  than 
a  riglrt  angle,  the  apical  half  tapering  to  a  rounded  apex.  The  abdomen 
is  long  and  slender,  the  apical  joint  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  basal, 
the  dor.sal  suit. ice  blotched  with  large  (piadrate  patches  of  lighter  color 
than  the  ground,  .sometimes  central,  sometimes  anterior  and  transverse, 
divided  by  a  median  line.  The  three  caudal  seta-  are  slendi-r,  le.ss  than 
half  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  ecpial,  very  broadly  fringed  on  either  side  in 
the  middle. 

Length  of  body  exclusive  of  seta-,  L'o'""' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  4J}""" ; 
of  middle  of  abdomen,  2.6""" ;  length  of  wing  pads,  4..")""" ;  of  front  legs. 
4"'"' :  (»f  Itind  legs,  S""" ;  of  setiv,  7""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  13238. 


J! 


NEUROPTEUA— EPHEMERID^. 


121 


2.  Ephemera  immobilis. 
PI.  12,  Fig.  5. 

Larva. — This  is  the  largest  of  the  ephemerid  larvse,  and  is  represented 
by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse.  The  body  is  stout,  largest  at  the  meso- 
thorax  and  metathorax,  tapering  rapidly  and  somewhat  rounded  in  front, 
tapering  gently  behind,  the  hinder  half  of  the  abdomen  more  rapidly  than 
the  basal  half.  The  head  is  small,  about  as  broad  as  the  terminal  segment  of 
the  body;  transversely  rounded  oval,  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax, 
and  symmetrical,  being  rounded  in  front  as  behind ;  the  mandibles,  not  rep- 
resented on  the  plate,  are  not  so  long  as  the  head,  moderately  stout,  nearly 
straight  and  tapering.  The  front  legs  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  thorax,  the 
femora  and  tibia;,  which  are  of  equal  width,  nearly  oi  quite  as  broad  as  the 
length  of  the  prothorax ;  the  tibia  is  a  little  longer  than  the  femur  and 
about  half  as  long  again  as  the  tarsus,  which  is  also  somewhat  slenderer. 
The  other  legs  are  longer  and  a  little  stouter,  but  retain  the  same  relations, 
excepting  that  the  tarsus  is  much  longer,  half  as  long  again  as  the  tibia 
and  toward  the  tip  tapering.  The  thoracic  branchiae  form  a  pair  of  trian- 
gular equilateral  pads,  their  inner  margins  straight  and  attingent  at  the 
mediodorsal  line,  their  outer  margins  convex.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the 
abdomen  is  ornamented  by  a  pair  of  approximated  subdorsal,  longitudinal, 
curved,  white  streaks,  convexities  outward,  reaching  the  posterior  but  not 
the  anterior  border  of  each  segment.  The  caudal  setae  are  of  unequal 
length,  the  outer  more  than  one-third,  the  middle  one  nearly  one-fourth,  the 
length  of  the  body.  They  are  fringed,  the  outer  ones  on  the  inner  surface 
only,  the  middle  one  on  both  sides  by  a  delicate  fringe  of  hairs,  which 
increases  in  breadth  from  either  end  toward  the  middle,  where  the  fringe  is 
from  a  third  to  a  fourth  the  width  of  the  last  abdominal  segment. 

Length  of  body,  21""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  5"™  ;  of  head,  2.4""" ;  length 
of  fore  tibia,  2.25""' ;  breadth,  O.G"'™  ;  length  of  hind  tibia,  2.7r)'"'"  ;  breadth, 
0.8"'" ;  length  of  outer  caudal  setfe,  8""" ;  of  middle  seta,  5"'". 

The  species  differs  from  the  other  larvtc  here  described  by  its  greater 
size  and  tlu»  peculiar  fringing  of  the  caudal  seta\ 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  8824  and  8828. 


122  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

3.  Epiiemeka  macilenta. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  4,  10. 

Larva— The  body  is  stoiit  but  not  so  stout  iis  in  the  last  species,  wliich 
is  only  slightly  larger  than  this ;  it  tapers  also  in  a  similar  manner  but  is  not 
so  rounded  anteriorly.  The  head  and  mandibles  at  j  of  similar  form  and 
size,  but  the  head  is  not  so  distinctly  separated  from  the  thorax  as  in  that 
,  species,  being  continuous  with  the  general  outline  of  the  body.  The  legs 
are  considerably  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  species,  but  while  agreeing 
with  them  in  general  structure  the  femora  are  stouter  in  relation  to  the 
tibite.  The  abdomen  is  similarly  nuirked,  but  the  stripes  are  shorter,  reach- 
ing neither  the  M".iterior  nor  the  posterior  margins  of  the  segments.  The 
caudal  setiv  are  of  ecpial  length,  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  body,  and  fringed 
on  either  side  with  slicrt  cilije,  scarcely  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  seta. 

Length  of  body,  1.75™";  breadth  of  thorax,  lUT";  of  head,  1.8.5"'"'; 
length  of  fore  tibia,  l.n""";  breadth,  0..'J5"'"';  length  of  hind  tibia,  2'""'; 
breadth,  0.35""' ;  length  of  caudal  seta%  7.5"'"'. 

The  brevity  of  the  legs  and  the  uniform  brief  ciliation  of  the  caudal 
seta?  distinguish  this  species  from  either  of  the  other  larvu"  here  described. 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  232,  1137,  7280,  10423,  1352G. 

4.  KrilKMERA    PUMICOSA. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  7  (pupa),  15,  1«  (larvn). 

Larva. — This  sjjecies  is  both  snialler  and  slenderer  than  any  of  the  larva; 
described  above.  It  taj)ers  in  the  same  manner  as  the  others,  excej)t  in  being 
more  raj)idly  exj)aiided  at  the  thorax  and  in  having  the  abdomen  of  more 
uniform  width,  a  peculiarity  seen  also  hi  the  nymph  referred  to  the  same 
species.  As  in  the  other  species,  the  head  is  of  the  same  width  as  the  ex- 
tremity of  (he  abdomen.  The  legs  are  poorly  preserved  in  all  the  speci- 
mens, but  .seem  to  agree  entirely  with  their  appearance  in  the  nymph.  The 
abdouien  is  marked  as  in  E.  iinmobilis,  but  if  anything  with  longer  uiid 
straighter  stripes.  All  the  caudal  seta-  are  of  similar  length,  slender,  but 
rather  short,  being  only  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  body ;  th"y  are 
furthermore  distinguished  from  those  of  the  other  species  by  being  naked,  as 
far  as  can  be  .seen,  thuugli  one  specimen  seems  to  show  an  apical  bristle  on 
either  side  at  the  end  of  each  joint  oi'  the  middle  seta. 


!' 


r) 


NEUROPTERA— EPHEMERID^. 


123 


Length  of  body,  17"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  4'°"';  of  liead,  1""';  length  of 
caudal  setas  6°"™. 

Pupa. — The  form  is  altogether  that  of  the  larva,  but  the  legs  are  better 
preserved,  showing  them  to  be  as  long  in  this  species  as  in  K.  inmiobilis, 
but  to  differ  in  their  almost  uniform  slenderness  throughout,  the  tarsi  being 
scarcely  narrower  than  the  femora.  Tlie  wing  pads  are  distinctly  marked 
in  dark  brown  and  are  renifornn  in  shape,  of  nearly  unifoim  width  and 
nearly  three  tinies  as  long  as  broad,  the  basal  half  of  their  inner  edges 
meeting  at  less  than  a  right  angle,  and  the  distal  halves  parallel  and  ap- 
proxin)ate  along  the  mediodorsal  line,  the  outer  edges  gently  concave  and 
the  tips  well  rounded.  The  stone  is  broken  at  tlie  tip  of  the  body  in  tlie 
only  specimen,  so  that  the  caudal  seta;  are  not  preserved. 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  233,  1070,  1516,  10385  (larva;), 
10660  (pupa). 

5.  Ephemera  interempta. 

This  smallest  of  the  ephemerids  from  Florissant,  represented  by  a  nearly 
complete  pupa  and  the  terminal  segnu  nts  of  what  may^e  either  larva  or 
pupa,  and  which  appears  to  belong  here,  differs  considerably  in  structural 
features  from  the  others.     The  former  only  will  be  described. 

Pupa. — The  body  is  tolerably  stout,  largest  at  the  thorax  wliere  it 
tapers  forward  toward  the  head,  which  is  fully  three-quarters  its  width. 
Posteriorly  the  abdomen  remains  in  its  basal  half  very  nearly  as  broad  as 
the  widest  part  of  the  thorax,  and  only  tapers  rapidly  a  little  betore  the  tip, 
which  is  more  rounded  than  usual  find  scarcely  one-third  as  broad  as  tlie 
thorax  The  head  is  rounded,  a  little  broader  than  long ;  the  legs  only 
moderately  stout,  all  the  femora  subequal  and  about  as  long  as  the  head. 
The  wing  pads  are  subtriangular,  tapering  pretty  uniformly  to  a  rather 
broadly  rounded  tip  about  half  as  broad  as  the  base,  the  inner  margin  bent 
close  to  the  base,  and  the  basal  portions  of  the  two  pads  forming  an  angle 
much  broader  than  a  right  angle ;  they  differ  therefore  altogether  in  form 
from  the  two  sjjecies  of  which  nymphs  are  known.  The  .abdominal  joints 
are  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  wholly  devoid  of  the  niarkings 
which  distinguish  all  the  other  species.  The  caudal  setaj  are  about  one- 
third  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  unfringed.  Only  the  base  of  the  median 
seta  is  preserved  in  the  type,  but  in  the  other  specimen  referred  here  it  is 
as  long  as  the  lateral. 


' 


.  -  ■*  ; 


H 


124 


TBllTIAttY  INSECTS  OP  NOJVfU  AM'^JUICA. 


Lengthof  body,  Df)' ;  width  of  lioiul,  1.3"";  of  thorax,  2"'™;  lenjrthof 

femora,  1.2'"";  of  wiiifr  pud,  2""";  of  sotiu,  2.5™'". 

Florissant.     Two  specinieiis,  Nos.  1.582,  obtained  by  the  Princeton  ex- 
pedition, and  1070(3. 

Ephemera   exsucca. 
PI.  12,  Fig.  0. 

A  sinylo  specimon,  very  badly  preserved,  bnt  showin<f  unmistakably 
the  caudal  seta*.  The  whole  is  preserved  as  I  have  seen  no  other  specimen 
from  Florissant,  as  if  drawn  on  the  stone  with  a  pale  blue  pencil.  The 
body  is  tolerably  stout  for  an  Ephemera,  the  abdomen  tapering  a  little.  The 
exi)aiuled  wings  are  only  partially  j)reserved,  but  are  apparently  nearly  as 
long  as  the  body.  The  thi'ee  caudal  seta'  are  very  slender  and  of  exactly 
the  same  length,  a  little  shorter  than  the  body.  No  ciliation  can  be  detected 
on  them. 

Eength  of  body,  g*"'";  breadth  of  thorax,  2"'";  expanse  of  wings,  16"""; 
length  of  caudal  seta",  7"'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5587. 

Family  ODONATA  Fabricius. 

More  than  thirty  years  ago  in  his  work  in  conjunction  with  de  Selys 
on  the  P]uropean  Odonata,  Dr.  Hagen  contributed  a  chaj)ter  on  the  fossil 
species  of  Europe,  in  which  about  half  of  the  species  enumerated  (thirty- 
nine  in  number)  belonged  to  the  Secondary  ami  half  to  the  Tertiary  period. 
Since  tiien  no  one  has  done  more  than  Dr.  Ilagen  to  add  to  our  kiu)wledge, 
especially  of  the  Secondary  species.  The  time  has  hardly  come,  and  the 
species  known  are  as  yet  perhaps  not  snfliciently  nuinert>us,  to  enter  on  any 
study  of  the  relation  of  the  Secondary  and  Tertiary  types;  but  it  may  l)e 
stated  in  a  general  way  that,  omitting  all  mention  of  larval  remains,  wo 
now  know  nearly  double  the  number  then  recorded,  and  the  Tertiary 
species  are  considerably  in  excess.  Of  these  the  larger  part  belong  to  the 
Agrionina.     (January,  li^S2) 

To  enter  into  a  few  details,  the  strongly  limited  group  of  dragon-Hies 
makes  its  ajjpearance  in  the  Lias  in  considerable  variety  and  apparently  as 
highly  specialized  as  to-day,  htr  n(»  less  than  four  tribes  are  present,  the 
true  Ajjrionidae  and  the  Cordulida^  alone  beinj'  absent.     Ae.schnina  are  the 


II 

W 


NBUROPTBRA-ODONATA. 


125 


most  iihiindnnt,  the  Aeschnidm  being  roprosontod  by  ft  species  of  Acpchna 
at  Schiimbolen  and  the  Oonipliida'  by  one  species  each  of  Potahira 
and  Gonipiioides  from  Enghind.  Caloptorygidii^  come  next,  witli  one 
species  each  of  Tarsophlebia  and  Heteroi)ldebia,  both  extinct  genera,  also 
from  Enghuid,  and  finally  a  8j)ecie8  of  Libellula  from  England.  The  same 
relation  holds  in  passing  upward  into  the  oolite,  where  the  Agrionina  are 
added.  Here  we  have  thirty-two  species,  of  which  half  are  Agrionina:  four 
Agrionida?,  and  twelve  Calopterygidjc  of  five  genera,  mostly  extinct,  namely, 
Isophlebia,  two ;  lleterophlebit^,  two ;  Stenophlebia,  three ;  Tarsophlebia, 
one,  and  Euphoia,  four;  three  are  Aeschnida;  of  the  genera  Anax  and 
Aeschna ;  eight  Gomphida)  of  some  undetermined  genera,  besides  Petalura 
and  Potalia;  and  finally  five  Libollulida)  of  abo'-t  as  many  genera,  yet 
undescribed.  A  species  of  Gomphidaj  has  also  been  found  in  the  Wealden 
of  England.  The  lithographic  slates  of  Bavaria  afford  numerous,  some- 
times wonderfully  preserved,  dragon-flies,  called  by  the  workmen  Stangen- 
reiter  or  Schladen-Vogel,  which  have  been  carefully  studied  by  Hagen. 
Tlipy  lie  on  the  stone  with  expanded  wings  and  are  generally  larger  than 
modern  types;  sometimes  the  most  delicate  veins  are  perfectly  preserved. 
Most  of  them  are  referred  to  extinct  genera. 

Considering  the  comparative  abundance  of  this  group  in  the  Second- 
ary rocks  one  would  expect  to  find  a  better  representation  in  the  Terti- 
aries  than  is  the  case,  for,  even  counting  all  the  species  founded  upon  the 
innnature  stages  as  distinct  from  any  of  those  established  upon  wings,  the 
Tertiary  species  are  less  than  twice  as  nnmerous  as  those  from  the  Second- 
ary rocks.  The  subfamilies  are  about  equally  represented,  though  the 
Agrionina  are  a  little  in  excess,  and  the  species  are  very  unequally  distrib- 
iited  among  the  tribes.  Thus  tliere  are  twenty-two  species  of  Agrionida;  of 
the  following  genera :  Agrion,  seven;  Lestes,  five;  Argya,  one;  Platycne- 
niis,  two;  Steropi,  one  ;  Dysagrion,  throe  ;  Podagrion,  one ;  and  Lithagrion, 
two,  the  last  four  genera  being  extinct;  wiiile  there  is  but  a  single  species 
of  Calopterygidic  known  by  a  pupal  form,  from  amber,  a  curious  reversal 
of  the  proportion  in  Mesozoic  rocks.  The  .Eschnina  are  more  equally 
balanred  between  the  tribes,  the  Gomphida;  being  represented  l)y  six 
spec  as,  of  the  genera  Gomphus,  Gomphoides,  Ictinus,  and  Petalura,  and 
the  Aeschnidic  by  nine ;  of  the  genera  Aeschna  (eight)  and  Anax  (one). 
The  Lil)ellulina,  however,  have  sigain  only  a  single  species  of  Cordulidtc, 


i 


'11 


*  t 


126 


THIITIARY  INSKirrS  OV  NORTH  AMKKICA. 


Imt  Hixtoon  npocit's  of  Lihelluliilivi,  ull  oxcopt  ono,  a  Colithcinis,  referred  to 
Lihelliilii  ill  H  broad  Heiiwe.  Nearly  every  locality  where  Tertiary  iiitteets 
are  foiiiul,  even  iiieliuliii^r  aiiiher,  lias  Hiipplied  its  (|iiota  of  tliiH  family,  and 
8oine  loculities,  hiicIi  hh  Oeningen,  have  furniHhed  the  larvu>  and  pupa;  in 
great  iiunilters.     (IHSr).) 

The  Odoiiata  furnish  the  first  opportunity  that  my  studies  have  afforded 
of  a  coiiijuirison  between  the  insect  faunas  of  Florissant  and  the  Green 
River  shales.  The  Florissant  beds  have  furnished  six  species  in  the  perfect 
state  l)esides  two  larviv ;  the  Green  River  shales  four  species  in  the  perfect 
state  besides  fra^fuieiits  of  another,  concerning  which  nothing  more  can  be 
said  than  that  it  probably  belongs  to  the  Libollulina.  Two  of  the  Floris- 
sant forms  belong  to  Aeschiia,  besides  one  of  the  larva\  All  the  remainder, 
four  Green  River  species,  and  four  from  Florissant,  besides  a  larva,  belong 
to  the  Agrionina.  The  Green  River  shales  are  reju'esented  by  one  species 
of  Podagrion  and  three  species  of  Dysagrion,  an  extinct  genus  of  the 
legion  I'odagrion  allied  to  the  genera  Podagrion  and  Philogenia;  the  Flor- 
issant bods  by  two  species  of  Agrion  and  two  of  Lithagrion,  an  extinct 
genus  with  the  same  alliances  as  Dysagrion ;  the  species  of  Agrion  are  not 
sufliciciitly  perfect  to  decide  into  what  subgenus  they  will  fall,  but  they 
are  ceitainly  closely  related  and  appear  to  he  most  nearly  allied  to  Amphi- 
agrion  or  else  to  Pyrrhosonia  or  Erythroinma.  All  the  Green  River 
species  belong  then  to  the  legion  I'odagrion,  while  the  Florissant  species 
are  divided  between  the  legions  Podagrion  and  Agrion.  The  resemblance 
of  the  faunas  of  the  two  localities  is  very  apj)arent,  though  the  species  and 
even  the  genera  are  wholly  distinct.  The  facies  of  both  faunas  is  decid- 
edly subtropical      (October,  1882.) 

Tribe  AGRIONINA  Hagen. 

This  grouf)  is  the  richest  of  Odonata  in  the  Tertiarics,  both  in  Europe 
and  America,  but  curiously  the  legions  into  which  it  is  divided  by  de  Selys 
are  very  (litlcreiilly  represented  in  the  two  (Countries.  To  establish  better 
terms  of  cKiiiparisdu  I  have  given  some  attention  to  the  de.scriptions  and 
figures  of  tlu'  mature  European  forms,  and  their  study  brings  out  some 
interesting  points. 

Ill  Europe  the  legion  [..estes  is  far  the  ])e.st  represented;  into  this  fall 
Lestes  coloratus  Ilageii  from  Ra(h)boj,  fir.st  figured  by  Charpentier,  Agrion 


NKUUOI'TRUA— OnONATA— AORIONINA. 


127 


ligOH,  A.  loucoHiu,  and  A.  poislnoo,'  nil  of  Iloor  uiid  from  OonIiiu;en,  mid 
prolmhly  A.  iris  Hoor  of  Ouniiigun;  a  cloHor  dotoriiiination  is  periiaps  iiiipoH- 
Hihlo.  Into  it  also  fall  Lestes  vicina  Uajfen  from  Siehlos,  wliioh  appears  to 
Imj  a  [jostjm  in  tlio  narrowest  sense,  and  Aj^rion  (Steropo)  partlienopo  Ileor 
from  Oeninj^en,  whieh  is  either  a  Sympyc.na  or  e.\ceediiif,'ly  close  to  it. 
The  loj^ion  next  hest  representtMl  is  Platycnemis,  since  to  the  subgenus 
I'latyenemis  Agrion  anticpunn  llaf^cn  from  amber  and  Agrion  icarus  llageii 
from  Uott  pretty  certainly  belong.  Finally,  to  the  legion  Agrion  belongs 
Agrion  aglaope  lleor  from  Oeningen. 

In  Anjericii,  on  the  other  hand,  the  bulk  of  the  species  fall  in  the  legion 
Podagrion,  viz,  Dysagrion  frodericii,  D.  lakesii,  and  I),  packardil  of  Green 
Kiver,  Podugrion  abortivum  from  the  same,  and  Lithagrion  hyalinum  and 
L.  umbratum  from  Florissant.  The  other  two  species  fall  in  the  legion 
Agrion,  viz,  Agrion  mascescens  and  A.  exsularis. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  distribution  of  recent  and  fossil  spe- 
cies in  Eurojje  and  North  America : 


Rnveiit. 

FoSHil. 

Legion. 

Kiirope. 

North  Araer- 

icra  nortli  of 

Moxii'n. 

North  Ainer- 

icii  fliiil  West 

IiiilinH. 

Kii 
No. 

rope. 

North 
AiiK^rioa. 

No. 

Per  cent. 

No. 
5 

11 

Per  etui. 
21 



No. 
(i 

14 

1 

Per  cent. 
7 

17 

1 

ferceii*. 

No.   \ Percent. 

7 

18 

7            70 

Podikirrion     ...... ...... 

6  '           75 

11 

'i<l 

1 

ii            90 

20            53 

.17 

70 

GO 
3 

71 
4 

1 

10 

2 

25 

ProtoiioiirA 

1 

Totiil 

;tH    

&3 

84 

10    -- 

8 

Concerning  the  pre.sent  distribution  of  these  "  legions,"  it  may  be  said 
that  Pseudostigma  belongs  to  troj)ical  America,  Podagrinn  and  Protoneura 
to  the  tropics  and  South  Africa,  Platycnemis  to  the  Old  World,  and  that 
Lestes  and  Agrion  are  cosmopolitan.  The  cosmopolitan  groups  and  the 
one  confined  to  the  Old  World  are  those,  and  tiie  only  ones,  represented  in 
the  European  Tertiaries;  while  one  of  the  cosmopolitan  genera  well  repre- 

■  lln);en  conNidered  these  ns  most  nearly  allied  to  the  HpocieB  for  which  Selyn  hiis  «inoe  ostah- 
llNhed  the  ^t'liim  Chlorolpstes  in  the  Ie)rinn  Podii);rioii,  but  to  judge  from  the  origin  of  the  median  and 
8iil)nodal  sectors  they  certainly  belong  iu  Lestes. 


1 


lU 


128  TKItTIAKY  INHKCT8  OF  NOKTU  AMRRK^A. 

Boiitod  in  tho  riiit(>(l  Stutos  to-iliiy  Imn  not  yot  hoou  fouiKl  in  itn  'r<Mliaiy 
tUipOHitM,  and  fhn't<-(|iim't('rM  of  tlw*  fossil  H|ie<Mi'H  liolonf^  to  a  lojfion  uhhuii- 
tially  tropical  and  two-thinls  of  whoso  livinj,'  n'prt'sontativi'H  oiu-iir  in 
America;  to  otfsot  tliiM,  flio  two  t>tlior  li'^^ions  wliicli  aru  pocidiarly  tropical 
(and  ono  of  tluMn  oxclnsivch*  Annn-ican)  aro  wholly  nnrc^proHcntod  in  the 
American  TcrtiaricH.  From  what  wo  then  know  at  th(»  prosoiit  time  the 
relationship  of  th(*  a^ri'ionid  faniia  of  the  Kiiropean  and  American  TortiariuH 
was  n<»t  nearly  ho  closet  as  the  livinjf  famias  of  tho  two  conntries.  (Hep- 
tombor,  18h;{.) 

Lpglon  POnAOniON  (Ic  Sfilys. 

To  this  h'ffion  helon;^  most  of  the  fossil  A<;rionina  of  North  America. 
The  species  Imro  descriltetl  are  the  tirst  that  have  been  fonnd  fossil.  Tho 
recent  forms  of  this  legion  —  not  i  verv  prolific  ono — occnr  mainly  in  trop- 
ical AnuM'ica,  thoii^rh  nearly  half  the  j^enera  and  about  ono-third  of  tho 
species  bolonjf  to  the  Kast  Indies  and  South  .Vfrica.  The  forms  hero  brou^rht 
to  notico  aro  mostly  referable  t<»  new  {>:enera  which  lind  their  place  in  near 
vicinity  to  the  South  American  types.  ( )ne  spec-ies  appears  to  bolon}'  to 
tho  South  AnK'rican  genus  i'odam'rion.  The  relationship  of  those  fossils 
may  i)e  looked  upon  as  well  delined.  Their  nearest  living  relatives  aro 
inhabitants  of  Hra/.il,  Venezuela,  and  (Jtdondiia. 

The  genera  hero  ro|)resented  may  be  separated  in  tho  following  man- 
ner : 

Tnbl«  of  Ihe  gennn  of  t'odai/rion. 

PteroRtiRmn  not  iiinrn  tlinii  tirico  oh  Idii);  iih  Immtl,  HiiriiHiiiiitiiij{  Iohn  tlinii  twn  crllalm  ;  anpplMnentnry 
HftloiM  few  ;  lew  |irntiij5<)iiiil  iilliili'H 'i.   I'mlaijiiiin. 

rtcro8ti);iiia  iikid-  iIiiiii  twin-  ait  loii^  iih  liniuil,  Niinnoiiuting  tuivorul  ci'lliilos;  Nii|i|)leiiu>iilury  lu-ctora 
niitiKToiis;  many  |><'iitit)(oiiiil  ci'lliileM, 
NfMliil  Hcclor  uriHiiiK  I'roiii  the  prhiciiml  at  hi'iiitoI.v  oiic-llftli   the  iliHtaiuut  from  \\w  noilim  to  llio 
ptcroMi){iini;  pohtcoital  area  vxcliiHivcly  or  aInioNt  (<x('liiNiv(>ly  tlllid  witli  pt'iitaKoixil  tcIIh; 

m'vrral  Nii|ipli<iiii';itii      Niu'torN  lictwi-t'ii  tlic  mi'iliiiii  anil  Niihiiodiil  wctorit 1,   IhiHiujrioH. 

Nodal  HiM'tor  ariHJii);  froii.  ilio  princi|ial  al  al>oiil  oiii'  tliiril  tli)^  tli.staiii'K  from  tho  iiodait  to  tli<t  pt)>r- 
OHti^ma:  poxti'iistal  area  witli  tciraKoiial  and  very  fcn'or  no  pi-nta;;omil  voIIh;  no  porlVi'l  nnp- 
pli'munlary  mi'tor  lictwi'i'n  tli«  mnliaii  and  Niilinodal  KcilorH K,   LithaijriuH. 

1.   I)VSA(JliI()N   Scudder. 

IhjHnijrion  Scudd.,  Hnl!.  U.  .S.  (i<-ol.  (iro^r.  .Siirv.   Terr.,  IV,  WM  (1878). 

This  new  type  of  Agrionina  belongs  to  the  legion  Podagrion  as  defined 
by  Solys-Longchamps,  having  a  normal  pterostigma,  much  longer  than 
broad,  X\w  median  sector  arising  frrnn  the  principal  vein  near  the  nodus,  tho 
subnodal  a  little  fiu'ther  out,  and  many  interposed  supplementary  sectors. 


NKUKOITKIIA— ODONATA— AOniONINA. 


129 


It  <liflr»*rK  Homowlmt  lonmrkiihly,  liowovor,  from  ntiy  of  tlu*  gojuira  jf'ivon  in 
tliiit  imtlior'rt  8yno|miH  (1«'h  AyrioiiiiKiH  (IH(12)  lii  H«v«(ral  poiiitH,  iih  will  ho 
Meen  on  nnimvin^  tlut  following  cliiinu'turiHtirM. 

Tho  modiiin  Hoctor  iiriHim  from  tliu  principul  voin  more  tlmn  ono-tliird 
tlio  «liMttinc(>  from  tlio  ikmIiih  to  tlio  arc.uliiM;  tho  Hul)tio(lul  iiriHUH  from  an 
extoiiHioii  of  thu  notliiH,  which  in  paHHiii)^  holow  tho  principal  iH  directed 
HOMH^what  inward  iiiHtoad  of  outward,  a  sonu'what  extraordinary  feature; 
tho  nodal  arinoH  from  tho  principal  only  an  far  hoyond  tlu^  n^duH  as  tho  n»o- 
dian  orif^inatoH  before  it,  or  Hcarcoly  more  than  oiuf-fifth  »  •;;  to  tho  ptoro- 
Htij,Mna.  The  roticularion  of  tho  upper  half  of  tho  winjf  Ih  mostly  totra},'onal, 
nnd  in  the  discoidal  area  very  open,  while  in  the  lower  half  of  tho  wiiijf  it 
is  mostly  pcMta^onal,  and  dense  apically  ;  this  results  in  part  from  tho  yrvnt 
numhrf  of  interposed  supplonxMitary  sectors,  of  which  there  are  several 
between  tlie  nltranodal  and  nodal  sectors,  and  several  between  each  of  the 
followin;^  sectors  as  far  as  the  upper  sector  of  the  triangle;  the  upper  of 
these  curv(f  sonunvhat  downward  as  the)'  approa(di  tl»e  apical  border.  The 
postcostal  area  has  at  first  two  rows  of  cellules,  but  it  expands  rapidly 
below  tho  nodus,  and  then  has  throe  and  afterwards  (n-on  four  ntws.  The 
nodus  is  situatiMl  at  an  unusual  distance  outward,  indeed  not  vcfi/  far  before 
the  middle  of  tho  wing  (rather  more  than  one-third  tho  distance  from  the 
base),  and  at  a  third  of  tho  distance  from  the  areulus  to  the  ptorostigma. 
The  petiole  terminates  at  some  distance  before  tho  arctdus  and  is  very  slen- 
der. Th(»  wing  is  rather  full  in  the  middle,  ami  tho  api(;al  half  of  the  pos- 
terior border  is  very  full,  tho  apex  falling  considerably  above  the  middle  of 
tho  wing. 

Those  characters  show  the  nearest  alliance  to  Philogenia,  but  the  genus 
differs  strikingly  from  that  in  the  pv^sition  of  tho  nodus,  its  retreat  below 
the  principal  sector,  the  character  of  the  postcostal  area,  and  in  the  great 
nund>er  of  the  supplementary  sectors,  as  well  as  in  le.ss  imp(»rtant  charac- 
ters, such  as  the  den.sity  of  the  reticulation.  It  .seems  indeed  to  be  a  verv 
aberrant  member  of  the  legion.  As  the  members  of  this  group  are  all 
tropical,  aiul  those  to  whi(di  this  is  most  nearly  allied  (as  indeed  two-thirds 
of  the  species)  are  from  tho  New  World,  this  is  an  additional  instance  of 
neotropical  alliaiu^es  in  the  insect-fauna  of  our  Tertiaries. 

It  is  upon  tho  wing  that  I  would  establish  this  geiuis.  Yet  fragments 
of  other  parts  of  tho  body  occur  with  the  wings,  showing  that  the  legs  were 

VOL  XI u 9 


IE 


r  ;i 


t 


130 


TEKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


probably  long  iiiid  sleiulor,  furnished  with  spine-like  hairs  as  long-  as  the 
breadth  of  the  femora.  The  abdomen  was  moderately  slender,  rather  longer 
than  the  wings;  its  nintii  and  tenth  segments  a  little  enlarged  in  the  $,  the 
tenth  half  (?),  or  three  qnarters  ((j,  as  long  as  the  ninth,  and  the  eighth  half 
as  long  again  ( j),  or  twice  as  long  (s),  as  the  ninth,  and  a  little  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  seventh.  The  anal  appendages  were  as  long  as  the  tenth 
segment,  rounded  triangular  (?)  or  (piadrate  ((). 

The  species  of  Dysagrion  found  at  Green  River  may  be  separated  by 
the  characters  drawn  from  the  neuration  of  the  wing  in  the  following  table : 

Table  of  the  specim  of  Dijsaijrion. 

Pter(>8ti);uiik  at  loUHt  four  tiiii«N  iih  Ioii^;  iih  hroud ;  i|iiu<lrilitt('ral  longer  tliiiii  broad  ;  iiiiddlx  of  \\w  nrea 
occupied  by  aupplumentiiry  veins  between  the  principal  and  Hubnodul  sectorH  lilled  with  (|uad- 
rilatcral  cells. 
Pterustlgniu  Hurnioniiting  funr  cells;  qnadrilateral  nearly  as  broad  al  base  as  at  apex. 

1).  fredtricii. 
Pterostignia  surmounting  throe  cells  :  quadrilateral  nearly  twice  as  broad  at  apex  as  at  base. 

•i.  />.  lake»ii. 

Pterostignia  only  three  times  as  long  as  broad;  i|uadrilateral  slightly  broader  than  long;  middle  of  the 

area  between  the  principal  and  subuodal  sectors  tilled  with  pentagonal  cells.,  .'i.  I),  packardii. 

1.    DVSAGRION  FKEUERICII. 
PI.  6,  Figs.  2,  5,  6,  y,  10,  14,  17. 

Dyiagrion  fredericii  Scndd.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  l>:t4-.'>;!7,  77.1  (1878). 

Several  specimens  of  various  ptu'ts  of  the  body  with  wings  were  found 
by  Mr.  F.  C  IJowditch  and  myself  in  the  (Jreen  liiver  shales,  in  a  railway 
cutting  by  tiie  river  bank  beyond  (Jreen  IJiver  sttition.  The  most  important 
are  a  iiearK-  perfect  wing  and  its  reverse,  which  preserve  idl  the  important 
points  of  the  neuration.  A  single  antecubital  appears  to  be  present,  nearer 
the  nodus  than  the  arciilus;  the  principal  sector,  like  the  short  sef'.or  (sec- 
tor brevis),  l)ends  .slightly  npwiird  just  as  it  reaches  the  arculiis;  the  cel- 
lules in  the  discoidal  area  are  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  yet  the  breadth 
of  the  wing  is  such  that  the  broadest  part  of  the  postcf»stal  space,  between 
the  nodus  tind  the  middle  of  tiie  wing,  is  more  than  half  tis  broiid  as  the  rest 
of  the  wing  tit  that  point.  The  (piadrilateral  is  sulxpiadiate,  about  half  as 
long  again  as  broad,  its  upper  iind  lower  margins  su))p!iriillel  and  its  lower 
outer  iingh'  about  sixty  degrees;  pttM'ostigma  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  a 
little  dilated,  ol)li(jtie  both  within  anil  without,  but  especiallv  pointed  above 
on  the  outer  sich;,  touching  the  costiil  margin  throughout.  The  wing  is 
wholly  hyaline,  excepting  the  infumated  pter»»stigma,  which  is  bordered  by 


IJJEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGIIIONINA. 


131 


thickened  bliick  veins,  and  surmounts  four  cellules  at  its  lower  margin ;  the 
veins  of  the  wing  generally  are  testaceous;  tliero  are  twenty  i)Ostcubitals. 

Length  of  the  wing,  SiJ'"";  length  of  part  beyond  peduncle,  34""°; 
breadth,  I)""";  distance  from  nodus  to  tip  of  wing,  23""";  from  arculus  to 
nodus,  8'""';  from  nodus  to  inner  angle  of  pterostigma,  17""";  length  of 
pterostigma,  3.5"'"'. 

Another  wing  from  the  sauie  beds  with  its  reverse  (Nos.  41(55,  4166) 
is  very  fragmentary,  showing  little  besides  the  border  of  the  apical  half  of 
the  wing  with  the  pterostigma,  und  most  of  the  postcubital  nervules.  I  have 
here  considered  it  the  hind  wing  of  the  same  species,  from  its  similar  size, 
the  exact  resemblance  of  the  pterostigma,  which  also  surmounts  four  cel- 
lules, and  the  indication  of  a  similar  profusion  of  intei-calated  supplementary 
nervules.  It  seems,  however,  not  improbable  that  it  may  prove  to  be  a 
second  species  of  the  same  genus,  from  the  great  difference  in  form.  The 
two  borders  of  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  are  nearly  parallel,  and  the  apex 
falls  a  little  below  the  uiiddle.  This  difference,  however,  really  concerns 
oidy  the  posterior  curve  A'  the  wing  below  the  apex.  The  nodus  is  not 
preserved.     Greatest  breadth,  7.5'""'. 

Considering  the  fraguients  of  heads,  etc.,  referred  to  under  the  genus 
as  belonging  to  this  species,  we  liave  to  add  Nos.  417!t,  4180,  and  41S2 
(besides  No.  62  of  Mr.  Richardson's  collection)  as  representing  heads;  Nos. 
418 J,  4184,  the  united  head,  thorax,  and  base  of  wings;  and  Nos.  4170, 
4173,  4174,  4177,  4178,  as  parts  of  the  abdomen.  The  abdomen  shows  a 
slender,  dorsal,  pale  stripe,  distinct  and  moderately  broad  on  the  sixth  to 
the  eighth  segments,  scarcely  reaching  either  border,  and  posteriorly  ex- 
j)anding  into  a,  small,  round  .spot ;  and  a  faint  dorsal  line  on  the  fourth  and 
iiltii  segments,  interrupted  just  before  the  t'p.     The  appendages  are  simple. 

Length  of  head  (ac(!ording  to  ti>e  mode  of  preservation),  4.0-4.5"""; 
breadth  of  same,  5.5""";  length  of  thorax,  5'""';  of  pedicel  of  wing,  5"™;  of 
abd»)men  (probably  1'"'"  should  l)e  added  for  a  break  at  the  base),  39""; 
length  of  segments  8  to  10,  6""";  breadtli  of  ninth  segment,  2.75"™;  of 
fffth  segment,  2.1""";  estimated  length  of  whole  body,  55"'". 

Xamed  for  my  friend  and  fellow  collector  t)f  Ureou  River  fossils,  Mr. 
Frederick  (J.  Howditch,  of  Boston. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  4165  and  4166,  4167 
and  4168,  15244,  besides  the  parts  of  the  body  mentioned. 


ii- 


132 


TERTIARY  INSECIS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.  Dysagrion  lakesii. 


A  nearly  perfect  wing  and  its  reverse  represent  another  species  of  this 
genus,  vvhicli  is  more  nearly  allied  to  D.  packardii  than  to  I),  fredericii, 
differing  from  the  former  principally  in  the  form  of  the  quadrilateral  and 
the  shape  of  the  pterostignia,  which,  althongli  as  long  as  there,  surmounts 
only  three  cellules.  There  are  two  antecubitals,  one  at,  the  other  a  little 
before,  the  arculus ;  the  base  of  the  principal  and  short  sectors  is  straight, 
the  cellules  in  the  discoidal  area  are  much  as  in  D.  fredericii,  the  quadri- 
lateral is  twice  as  long  as  its  mean  breadth,  its  basal  margin  half  as  long 
as  its  apical,  and  the  vein  forming  the  lower  margin  l)ent  at  a  similar  a  ijle 
with  the  inferior  vein  of  the  triangle  as  in  D.  fredericii ;  the  nodus  is  placed 
at  one-third  tlie  distance  from  the  arculus  to  the  i)terostigma.  The  wing  is 
hyaline,  excepting  the  fuliginous  pterostignia,  which  is  four  times  as  long 
as  broad,  surmounts  three  cellules,  and  is  bordered  by  thickunt  u  i/.ack  veins; 
its  outer  margin  is  much  more  oblique  than  its  inner ;  there  are  nineteen 
postculiitals. 

Probal)le  length  of  wing,  35'""' ;  length  of  part  beyond  jieduncle, 
33""" ;  breadth,  8""" ;  distance  from  arculus  to  nodus,  8'""' ;  from  nodus  to 
tip  of  wing,  22..')"'"';  from  nodus  to  inner  corner  of  pterostignia,  15.5™"; 
length  of  pterostignia,  .3.75"'"'. 

Named  for  Prof  Arthur  Lakes,  of  Colorado,  my  comjianion  in  explor- 
ing the  fossil  insect  beds  of  the  West. 

Green  River.     One  specimen.  Dr.  A.  S  Packard,  Nos.  25!»  and  260. 


^  r  i 


3.  Dysaorion  packaruii. 
PI.  6,  Figs.  1,  ;j,  11. 

Dytagrion  packardii  Scudil.,  Zittel,  HaniMi.  «1.  raliiM)iit.,  I,  ii,  77ti,  Fig.  1)79  (isai). 

Another  species  of  this  genus  is  represented  by  a  nearly  complete 
front  wing,  a  fragment  of  a  wing  and  its  reverse,  and  liy  a  tolerably  per- 
fect body  i)resumal»ly  belonging  to  it.  Tiie  wing  agrees  with  that  of  D. 
fredericii  in  form  and  size,  but  differs  in  the  following  particulars:  No  ante- 
cubitals exist,  except  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  arculus,  one  being  present 
nearly  half-way  from  it  to  the  Itase  and  another  may  exist  in  tlu^  l)roken 
part  of  the  wing  just  beyond  the  arculus;  the  base  of  the  ja-incipal  and 
short  sectors  is  straight;  the  cellules  in  the  discoidal  area  are,  if  anvthing, 


ii 


NEUltOPTERA— ODONATA— AGEIONINA. 


133 


slenderer  than  in  that  species ;  the  qii?.drilateral  is  of  about  equal  lengtn 
and  breadtii,  its  basal  only  a  little  more  than  half  the  length  of  its  apical 
margin  and  the  vein  forming  its  lower  margin  bent  at  a  much  greater 
angle  with  the  inferior  vein  of  the  triangle  than  in  the  preceding  species ; 
the  nodus  is  placed  slightly  beyond  one  third  the  distance  from  the  arculus 
to  the  pterostigma,  while  in  the  preceding  species  it  is  placed,  if  anything, 
at  less  than  one-third  that  distance ;  the  wing  is  hyaline,  excepting  the 
dusky  pterostigma,  which  is  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  surmounts 
four  cellules,  and  is  bordered  by  thickened  black  veins ;  there  are  nineteen 
postcubitals. 

The  body  is  slender,  the  legs  slender,  but  not  very  long,  armed  with 
long  hairs,  ana  the  abdomen,  which  is  considerably  longer  than  the  front 
wing,  is  viewed  partly  from  the  side  and  partly  from  above ;  the  superior 
male  appendages  are  shorter  than  the  tenth  segment,  quadrate,  apparently 
of  equal  length  and  breadth,  with  a  slightly  projecting  tooth  at  the  inner 
tip  directed  inwards. 

Length  of  entire  body,  49""" ;  head,  3"" ;  thorax,  8.5°"" ;  fore  femora, 
4.25""' ;  middle  femora,  5""" ;  hind  femora,  G""" ;  abdomen,  36™™ ;  second 
joint,  3.5"'"' ;  third,  5""™  ;  fourth  to  sixth,  each  G""™  ;  seventh,  4.6"'"' ;  eighth, 
'i.S'"™;  ninth,  1.5™"';  tenth,  1.1™™;  appendages,  0.6'"'" ;  breadth  of  head, 
4.5""' ;  second  to  fifth  abdominal  segments  (side  view),  2.75™™ ;  sixth  and 
sevenih  abdominal  segments  (top  view),  1.75™™ ;  eighth,  3™™ ;  ninth,  2™™ ; 
tenth,  1.75™™ ;  appendages,  0.6"'™ ;  length  of  wing,  36.5™™ ;  of  part  beyond 
peduncle,  34.5™™ ;  breadth,  8.6  ;  distance  from  arculus  to  nodus,  9™™ ;  from 
nodus  to  tip  of  wing,  22.75'"™ ;  from  nodus  to  inner  angle  of  pterostigma, 
16.75™™;  length  of  pterostigma,  3™™. 

Named  for  the  world-known  American  entomologist.  Dr.  A.  S.  Pack- 
ard, of  Brown  University. 

Green  River.  Three  specimens.  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  Nos.  146,  147, 
252  and  253. 

2.  PODAGRION  de  Selys. 

Tropical  South  America  claims  the  half  dozen  known  living  species 
of  this  genus,  most  of  which  have  been  found  in  Colombia  and  Venezuela. 
The  single  species  we  refer  here  is  somewhat  imperfect  but  apparently  be- 
longs here,  and  can  certainly  not  be  far  removed  from  it,  for  it  agrees  with 
it  in  the  character  of  the  pterostigma  and  the  supplementary  sectors.  Ex- 
cept this  no  fossil  species  have  been  found. 


134 


TERTIAUY  IXSKCTS  OF  NORT  /  AMERICA. 


u  »■ 


PODAGRION   AHORTIVUM. 

PI.  6,  Figs.  7,  8. 
Podagrion  abortinm  Scudil.,  Hull.  U.  8.  (iool.  Ooogr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  IV,  '7'>-77r>  (1H78). 

The  specimen  represents  the  apical  part  of  a  win<^  with  fragnjents  of 
the  middle  portion.  The  pterostigniu  is  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  and,  altliough  less  oblique  on  the  inner  than  on  the  outer  aide,  yet 
lies  at  an  angle  of  forty-live  degrees  with  the  costal  edge,  and  is  therefore 
more  oblirpie  than  usual  in  Podagrion ;  its  outer  side  is  arcuate  as  well  as 
very  oblique,  but  in  its  entire  ext«!nt  the  pterostigma  scarcely  surmounts  two 
cellules;  the  outer  side  is  nujch  thicker  than  the  inner,  and  thickens  below 
as  it  passes  gradually  into  the  lower  border,  whicli,  like  the  costal,  is  much 
thickened,  and  appears  the  more  so  from  being  independent  of,  although  in 
conjunction  with,  the  median  ncrvure.  IJeyond  the  pterostigma  the  ultra- 
nodal  aj)proaches  the  principal  nervure  very  closely,  so  that  they  are  only 
half  as  far  apart  at  the  margin  as  below  the  jjterostigma ;  there  are  two  sup- 
plementary sectors,  one  between  the  ultranodal  and  the  nodal,  arising  below 
the  outer  half  of  the  pterostigma,  the  otiier  between  the  nodal  and  subnodal, 
arising  slightly  farther  back ;  botli  of  these  supplementary  sectors  are 
straight,  but  the  nodal  is  slightly  undulated  after  the  origin  of  the  supple- 
mentary sectors  ;  all  the  other  veins,  excepting  the  extreme  tip  of  the  prin- 
cipal, are  straight,  and  the  reticulation  tetragonal.  The  wing  appears  to  be 
hy.iline  throughout,  the  ])terostignia  very  slightly  infumated,  the  nervures 
fusco-castaneous,  those  about  the  pterostigma  deepening  nearly  to  black. 
Apically  the  wing  is  well  rounded,  its  ape\  falling  in  the  middle  and  not 
at  all  produced.     A  species  is  indicated  of  about  the  size  of  P.  macropus  Sel. 

Length  of  pterostigma  along  costal  edge,  I..'*""";  of  same  from  inner 
lower  angle  to  outer  upper  angle,  2.1'"'";  breadth  of  pterostigma,  O.G.O'"'"; 
of  wing  in  middle  of  apical  half,  5.5""". 

Green  River.     One  specimen,  No.  4169. 


:}.  LITHAGRION  gon.  nov.  (^Xi'Oo?,  Agrion). 

Subnodal  sector  originating  from  the  nodus,  the  median  a  little  more 
than  one  cellule  previous  to  it,  the  nodal  at  a  little  less  than  one-third  the 
distance  from  the  nodus  to  the  pterostigma  :  the  latter  is  stout,  dilated,  sur- 
mounts about  five  cellules,  its  inner  border  a  little  obliijue,  its  outer  slightly 


NEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 


135 


oblique  in  tlie  same  sense.  Reticulation  dense,  mostly  tetragonal  except- 
ing in  the  region  of  the  supplementary  sectors  of  which  there  are  two  be- 
tween each  pair  of  sectors  from  the  ultranodal  to  the  short  sector,  excepting 
in  the  interspace  between  the  subnodal  and  tlie  median ;  none  excepting 
the  upper  ones  are  curved,  and  there  is  also  a  single  very  brief  one  between 
the  short  sector  and  tlie  superior  sector  of  the  triangle  Postcostal  space 
simple  or  nearly  so,  the  inferior  sector  forming  it  extending  beyond  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing  but  not  reaching  the  border.  Wings  enlarging  considerably 
towards  the  middle,  strongly  petiolate  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  quadrilateral; 
this  is  several  times  longer  than  broad,  enlarging  slightly  away  from  the 
base,  the  lower  side  from  a  fourth  to  a  third  longer  than  the  upper.  Nodus 
situated  about  one-third  the  distance  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Philogeniaand  Podagrion,  the  subnodal 
and  median  sectors  having  a  similar  origin,  but  it  is  clearly  distinct  from 
either;  it  differs  from  the  former  in  the  structure  of  the  pterostigma,  which 
nowhere  departs  from  the  costal  margin,  in  the  straightnesr^  of  the  supple- 
mentary sectors,  the  obliquity  of  the  apex  of  the  quadrilateral,  the  greater 
distance  of  the  nodus  from  the  base  of  the  wing  and  the  less  petiolated  nnd 
more  broadly  expanded  form  of  the  wing.  In  the  number  and  position  of 
the  supplementary  sectors,  however,  it  closely  resembles  it.  From  Pod- 
agrion it  differs  in  the  earlier  departure  of  the  nodal  from  the  principal 
vein,  the  larger  number  of  cellules  below  the  pterostigma,  the  much  greater 
nuniber  of  supplementary  sectors,  and  the  more  bro.idly  expanded  wing;  it 
resembles  it  rather  than  Philogenia  in  the  structure  of  the  pterostigma,  the 
petiolation  of  the  wing,  and  the  position  of  the  nodus.  It  differs  even  more 
from  Dysagrion,  which  I  have  placed  in  the  same  group,  than  from  either 
of  these  two  recent  genera.  Two  species  have  been  discovered,  both  from 
Florissant. 

Table  of  the  speeiet  of  Uthagrion. 

Wings  clear ;  poHtciibitaU  finv I  L.  hiialimim. 

Winf^ii  clouded  except  at  basu  and  apex;  pnstcnbitals  luiincroiiH 2.  L.  umbratum. 

I.    LiTHAGRION   HYALINUM. 

PI.  13,  Fig.  4. 

A  pair  of  wings,  barely  overlapping  at  the  postcostal  margin  and  with 
the  tips  broken  beyond  the  middle  of  the  pterostigma,  but  otherwise  in 
admirable  preservation,  represent  this  species;  they  appear  to  be  upper  wings. 


136 


TEUTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  wiri<»8  are  liyaline  and  are  petiolated  up  to  the  base  of  the  quad- 
rihiteral  or  some  distance  be3'ond  tl»e  first  i)ostco8tal  nervule.  intranodal 
sector  oriyinatinjjf  from  a  cross  vein  midway  between  the  nodus  and  the 
pterosti<»-nia,  its  course  reguhir  and  not  zigzag-  througliout  its  extent ;  inferior 
sector  of  the  triangle  straight  to  near  its  tip,  where  it  bends  a  little  upward, 
running  parallel  to  the  margin  and  terminating  in  a  cross  vein,  a  little 
irregular  near  the  tip.  Pterostigina  dark  chocolate  brown,  the  bordering 
veins  thickened  and  black ;  being  broken  its  form  can  not  be  positively 
stated,  but  it  appears  to  be  nearly  four  times  as  long  as  its  median  width  and 
considerably  expaiided  on  the  under  surface,  probably  surmounting  four  or 
fiive  cellules;  quadrilateral  more  than  four  times  its  breadth  at  base,  its 
lower  side  half  as  long  again  as  the  uj)per,  the  outer  side  very  oblicpie. 
Nodus  rather  more  than  one-third  the  distance  from  the  base  to  the  ptero- 
stigina ;  sixteen  postcubitals.     Wings  rather  slenderer  than  in  L.  umbratum. 

Probable  length  of  wing,  33"""  ;  breadth,  6.()""" ;  distance  from  nodus  to 
pterostigma,  17""'";  from  nodus  to  base.  11.5""";  breadth  of  wing  in  middle 
of  petiolated  portion,  1.3""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  8619. 


I  hi  E 


2.    LlTHAGRION    UMBRATUM. 
PI.  13,  Figs.  12,  14. 

Two  specii^'^ns,  one  a  complete  vving,  the  other  lacking  only  the 
extreme  base  and  an  insignificant  fraction  of  the  apical  margin,  represent 
this  species.     Both  appear  to  be  u])per  wings. 

The  wings  are  hyaline  at  base  and  tip,  faintly  or  distinctly  clouded  on 
the  disk,  the  clouded  portion  having  distinct  lines  of  separation  from  the 
hyaline  area;  the  iinier  line  is  straight  and  transverse,  crossing  the  wing 
from  the  second  jmstcubital  veiidet ;  the  outer  line  is  bent  or  curved  some- 
what, subparallel  to  the  apical  margin,  and  runs  fron>  the  middle  of  the 
j)terostigma  to  a  little  beyond  the  apex  of  the  short  sector,  bending  on  the 
nodal  sector.  The  wings  are  petiolated  very  nearly  up  to  the  first  postcostal 
nervule,  which  is  placed  shortly  Itefore  the  base  of  the  quadrilateral.  Ultra- 
nodal  sector  originating  from  a  cro.ss  vein  a  little  distance  be  ondthe  nodal 
and  shortly  before  a  point  midway  between  the  nodus  and  pterostigma; 
its  course  is  more  or  less  zigzag  at  its  origin  and  again  in  the  middle,  but  is 
uiostly  simple ;  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle  straight  in  its  basal  half, 


NEUROPTERA— ODONATA-AGRIONINA. 


137 


beyond  more  or  lesa  irregular,  increasingly  so  towards  its  apex,  where  it 
bends  upward  so  as  more  gradually  to  approach  the  border,  and  finally  ends 
close  to  the  superior  sector  of  the  triangle  in  a  cross  vein ;  many  of  the 
cellules  in  the  apical  half  of  the  postcostal  space  are  broken  by  cross  veins 
forming  a  broken  supplementary  sector  here,  and  the  same  thing  occurs 
feebly  in  the  interspace  above.  Pterostigma  scarcely  more  infumated  than 
the  disk  of  the  wing,  expanding  slightly  in  the  middle,  about  four  times  as 
long  as  broad,  surmounting  five  to  six  cellules.  Quadrilateral  very  slender, 
five  or  six  times  as  long  as  its  basal  breadth,  its  lower  about  one-fourth 
longer  than  its  upper  side,  its  outer  side  oblique.  Nodus  rather  more  than 
one-third  way  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma  ;  twenty-seven  postcubitals. 
Wings  rather  stouter  than  in  L.  hyalinum. 

Length  of  wing,  34.5'""' ;  breadth  in  middle,  8.5""'" ;  in  middle  of  petiole, 
LS"";  distance  from  nodus  to  pterostigma,  18"'"*;  from  nodus  to  base, 
10.5™"'. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6927,  8163. 


Legion  AGRION  de  Selys. 

All  the  fossil  species  of  this  group,  both  in  Europe  and  America,  have 
been  referred  to  the  genus  Agrion,  which  is  by  far  the  richest  of  its  mem- 
bers at  the  present  day. 

AGRION  Fabricius. 

This  genus,  in  recent  times  one  of  the  largest  and  most  cosmopolitan 
of  the  legion  to  which  it  belongs,  is  I'epresented  in  the  rocks  by  a  single 
species  in  Europe,  A.  aglaope  Heer  from  Oeningen,  and  the  two  species 
from  America  here  described.  Besides  these  a  single  inmiature  species  has 
been  found  in  Europe  (Oeningen)  and  another  in  America  (Florissant), 
which  are  placed  in  this  group  as  typical  of  the  Agrionina. 

Tiie  genus  is,  as  stated,  cosmopolitan,  but  its  richest  representation  is 
in  the  tropics,  and  in  the  northern  hemisphere  at  least  it  is  more  richly  de- 
veloped in  the  New  World.  The  two  species  here  described  from  wings 
are  not  sufficiently  perfect  to  decide  into  what  subgenus  they  will  fall,  but 
they  are  certainly  closely  related  to  each  other  and  appear  to  be  most 
nearly  allied  to  Amphiagrion  or  else  to  Pyrrhosoma  or  Erythromma, 


i 


\m  1 


m  \ 


.1 


:» 


111 


138 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  American  fosHil  species  of  Agrion  which  are  represented  by  their 
winga  may  be  separated  as  foUows : 

Table  of  Iht  ipecieii  of  Agrion, 

Four  niitoiimlal  celliiloB  below  thti  hIiuH  Hector;  niitenodal  portion  of  the  eonta  ocarcely  arched, 

1.  A.  maticetceni. 
Three  auteoodal  celliileii  below  the  abort  sector ;  anteiiodal  portlou  of  the  costa  Dotlceably  archnl. 

'i.  A.  tXHulariii. 

1.    AOKION    MA8CE8CEN8. 
PI.  13,  Pigs.  8,  9. 

This  species  is  roprosonted  by  a  pretty  well  preserved  specimen  and 
its  reverse  showing  most  of  the  body,  a  part  of  tlie  legs  and  the  wings,  but 
tlie  latter  confused  by  the  overlying  of  those  of  one  side  upon  those  of  the 
other.  The  head  is  preserved  only  enough  to  show  its  form,  which  has 
nothing  j)eculiar,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  tl.o  thorax.  Seven  joints  of 
the  slemler  abdomen  are  preserved,  the  second  of  which  indicates  that  the 
specimen  is  a  male.  The  head  and  thorax  with  the  legs  are  black,  but  the 
abdomen  is  colorless:  the  legs  are  doubled  up,  the  femora  about  as  long  as 
the  breadth  of  the  head,  and  the  tibial  spines,  of  whic'.i  there  are  seven  or 
eight  in  a  row,  are  a  little  shorter  than  the  interspaces  between  adjacent 
ones  The  wings  are  scarcely  depressed  at  the  nodus,  the  antenodal  por- 
tion of  the  costal  margin  almost  straight,  hyaline  with  black  veins,  the 
pterostigma  normal,  rhomboidal,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  alike  on  ooth 
wings,  the  only  difference  being  in  a  slightly  greater  obliquity  of  the  outer 
and  inner  margins  (and  especially  of  the  outer)  and  the  slightly  shorter 
lower  margin  in  the  front  wing ;  very  pale  fuliginous,  fading  out  towards 
the  margins,  margined  with  heavy  blackish  veins,  surmounting  a  single 
cellule.  The  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle  originates  far  before  the  basal 
postcostal  norvule,  which  is  situated  slightly  nearer  the  second  than  the  first 
antecubital  nervule.  The  an-ulus  is  directly  beneath  the  second  antecubital 
nervule.  There  are  apparently  eleven  jjostcubitals  on  the  fore  wing  and 
there  are  ten  on  the  hind  wing.  Quadrilateral  of  the  fore  wings  with  the 
inner  and  upper  side  of  similar  length  and  half  as  long  as  the  lower  side ; 
on  the  hind  wings  the  inner  side  is  consideraljly  shorter  than  the  upper,  and 
the  latter  nearly  three-fifths  the  length  of  the  lower ;  four  antenodal  cellules 
below  the  siiort  sector ;  the  petiolation  begins  unusually  near  the  base  of  the 
wing  or  considerably  l>efore  the  first  antecubital  nervure.     The  nodal  orig- 


ft  ! 


NEUROPTERA -ODONATA— AGBIONINA. 


139 


inateB  rather  less  than  half-way  from  the  nodus  to  the  pterostignm ;  the  sub- 
nodal  terminHtes  quite  beyond  the  extreme  tip  of  the  ptorostigma,  the 
median  below  its  tip,  the  short  sector,  whicli  ends  in  a  zigzag  course,  before 
the  ptorostigma  and  below  the  origin  of  the  ultranodal ;  the  superior  sector 
of  the  triangle,  whicli  is  straight  to  the  tip,  midway  between  the  origin  of 
the  nodal  and  the  pterostigma ;  and  the  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle,  which 
becomes  zigzag  a  little  beyond  the  nodus,  terminates  a  little  before  the  last. 

Length  of  wings,  21.3""';  breadth,  4.6"'"';  distance  from  nodus  to  base, 
7.25"""';  toarculus,  3  4'"™;  to  center  of  pterostigma,  riiV""';  breadth  of  head, 
3.5'""';  diameter  of  eyes,  1.25™"';  length  of  thorax,  5'""';  of  femora,  3™™;  of 
tibial  spines,  0.25™™;  of  abdomen  (seven  joints),  24.5™™;  of  first  joint,  O.G"'™; 
second,  1.8™™;  third,  4.4™™;  fourth,  6™™;  fifth,  4.6™™;  sixth,  4.6™";  seventh, 
3.4"'™;  width  of  last,  1.2"™. 

While  the  venation  of  the  wing  proves  that  this  insect  belongs  in  the 
legion  Agrion,  the  unusually  short  petiolation  of  the  wing  shows  that  it 
can  not  be  referred  to  Telebasis,  and  the  short  spines  of  the  tibiic  that  it  can 
not  be  an  Argia.  To  which  of  the  numerous  subgenera  of  Agrion  it  should 
be  referred  can  not  be  determined  at  present,  but  from  the  apparent  want  of 
postocular  spots  and  the  early  origin  of  the  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle 
it  would  appear  to  be  most  nejitly  allied  to  Ampliiagrion  or  else  to  Pyrrho- 
soma  or  fi^rythromma.  If  to  tiie  former  its  affinities  are  with  tropical 
American  forms  ;  if  to  the  latter  witii  temperate  forms  of  either  hemisphere 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  6824,  7158. 


2.  Agrion  exsulabis. 
PI.  13,  Fiff.  0. 

A  single  nearly  perfect  wing  differs  so  slightly  from  A.  masceacens 
that  it  would  appear  to  belong  to  the  same  restricted  genus,  although  from 
our  ignorance  of  the  length  of  its  tibial  spines  it  might  be  considered  an 
Argia.  The  wing,  which  is  apparently  an  upper  one,  is  a  little  depressed 
at  the  nodus,  the  antenodal  portion  of  the  costal  margin  being  somewhat 
arched,  hyaline  with  black  veins,  the  pterostigma  normal,  rhomboidal, 
slightly  longer  than  broad,  the  outer  and  inner  margins  considerably 
oblique,  the  outer  perhaps  the  more  so,  fuliginous,  margined,  especially 
within,  with  heavy  black  veins,  surmounting  rather  more  than  one  cellule. 
The  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle  originates  before  the  basal  postcostal  nerv- 


140 


TKKTIARY  INSKCT8  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


.3  ! 


F   I 


ulu  orjuHt  beiieuth  tlio  lirst  iinti'ciibital ;  tlio  petiolutiuii  lilicvetoro  bojjfiiiH  at 
thirt  point;  tliu  busiil  postcoital  lii'H  midway  betwuun  thu  two'aiitucubitalH; 
tljo  arciihiM  i»  (liivrtiy  Itciu'atli  the  socoiid  aiitcciibital  norvrilo ;  thuro  aro 
olt'veii  postculiitals :  <|iia(h'ibitcral  witli  its  iiiiuT  sido  scarcidy  shortor  tban 
its  upptT,  tbe  lattiT  bait' as  Ion;;'  as  tbo  lowoi  side;  tlireo  unteiiodal  I'uUult's 
below  tlio  rtliort  Hoctor.  Tlio  iiltranodal  ori^'iiiati's  oidy  two  cellules  betbro 
the  pteroHtij^nia  ;  tlie  nodal  at  scarcely  less  than  lialf-way  t'roin  tlie  nodus  to 
the  pterostif^nia;  the  subnodal  tenninates  just  below  the  tip  of  the  ptero- 
stifjfnia,  the  median  beK>\v  its  middle ;  the  short  sector,  which  has  a  zij^zajf 
course  in  the  outer  tV)urth  of  the  wing,  tcrmiiuites  apj)arently  below  the 
base  of  the  pterosti.<j;ina  or  scarcely  short  of  it. 

Length  of  wing,  21.(i5"""  (the  extreme  base  is  not  re))resented  in  the 
plate,  altliough  part  of  it  is  preserved) ;  breadth,  4.35""" ;  distance  from 
nodus  to  base,  7.(ia""" ;  to  arculus,  S.f)"""  ;  to  center  of  pterostignui,  12.5""". 

This  species  diH'ers  from  the  preceding  principally  in  the  longer  petio- 
ktion  of  the  wing,  the  arching  of  the  ba.se  of  the  costa,  the  number  of  ante- 
nodal  cellules  beyond  the  (puidrilateral,  and  the  more  apical  termination  of 
the  upper  sectors. 

Flori.ssant.    One  specimen,  No.  814(!. 

AciRION   TKLLURI8. 

PI.  13,  Fit;.  10. 

Two  nymphs,  evidently  belonging  to  the  same  8})ecies,  have  been  found, 
and,  iconsidering  the  impossibility  of  determining  to  which,  if  any,  of  the 
species  of  Agrionina  found  in  the  perfect  state  they  belong,  they  are  treated 
as  distinct,  following  the  precedent  set  by  Heer,  and  followed  by  others. 
The  head  is  full,  well  rounded  in  front,  .scjuarely  truncate  and  a  little  angu- 
lated  behind,  about  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  scarcely  broader  than  the 
thorax ;  the  anteuuie,  or  such  parts  as  an;  preserved,  are  very  slender,  a 
little  shorter  than  the  head,  the  basal  joint  twice  as  stout,  about  twice  as  long 
as  broad.  Tiie  legs  are  very  long  and  slender,  especially  the  hinder  pair, 
which  would  reach  to  the  base  of  the  ante|)eindtiniate  abdominal  joint ;  the 
fi.'inora  are  narrowly  and  ecpiidistantly  four  times  barred  with  dark  bands, 
the  extreme  bands  at  base  and  apex  ;  the  tibiae  are  less  than  half  as  broad 
as  the  femora  and  have  a  l»roader  median  dusky  band.  The  dark  wing  pads 
are  long  and  slender,  twice  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  al)domen,  and  less 


NRUROPTRRA— OnONATA— .ESCnNINA. 


141 


than  Imlf  UH  broad,  nearly  roacliiiiff  the  oxtroinity  of  the  third  abdominal 
H(.'}fin<*nt.  Tlio alxlonien  Ih  o(|ual,  Hcarcoly  tapc.iii}^  a|)i(rally,  tho  joints  twiiio 
m  iiroad  an  lonf'',  ontire,  notoxeoptiiifftholi...:.  T\ui  <  audal  flajw  or  tra<dioal 
ptids  an;  consithM'iihly  moru  than  half  an  loii<r  as  tho  alxlomon,  tho  middle 
on(!,  Hho\vin<(  on  tho  loft  in  Kijf.  10,  lonjf,  wlondor,  fuHiforni,  pointed  apically, 
larj^'cHt  a  littlo  boyond  the  middle ;  tho  latoral  pair  are  nuich  larjjfor  and 
asynnnotrical,  the  inner  flanj^o,  or  tho  portion  of  tho  tracheal  pad  lyinjf 
within  tho  median  rod,  Iwing  Huboqual,  but  broadest  just  before  tho  tip,  as 
broad  throuffhont  as  tho  broadest  part  of  (»no  flan<^o  of  the  median  flap;  the 
outer  flanj^o  j^radually  oxpandinjjf  with  a  slight  convexity  from  the  iso  to  a 
little  beyond  tho  middle,  where  it  is  twice  as  broad  as  the  opposite  flange, 
and  then  tapering  rapidly,  regularly,  and  with  a  scarcely  i)orcoptible  con- 
cavity, to  tho  tip  of  tho  median  rod ;  the  edges  of  tlu)  pads  are  delicately 
denticulate,  distantly  on  the  expanding  basal  portions,  more  densely  on  the 
apical  tapering  parts  and  especially  on  tho  outer  edges  of  the  lateral  i)ads, 
the  denticulations,  like  the  median  ribs,  being  black. 

Length  of  body  (excluding  terminal  flaps),  21"'™;  of  front  femora, 
3.2r)""" ;  middle  femora,  3.2')""" ;  hind  femora,  5""" ;  hind  tibijc,  6.2r»"'"' ;  hind 
tarsi,  2  '2h""" ;  wing  pads,  GJ}""" ;  breadth  of  head,  3.5""" ;  thorax,  3"'"' ;  base  of 
abdomen,  2.0;')""" ;  tip  of  same,  2.1""" ;  length  of  ternnnal  flaps,  T.f)""" ; 
l)readth  of  lateral  flaps,  2"'"'. 

In  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  of  the  larvae  of  Agrionidic  it  is 
impossible  to  indicate  with  any  certainty  the  position  of  this  nymph.  The 
absence  of  any  sign  of  the  mask,  too,  will  remain  a  difficulty  when  we  aro 
more  faniiliar  with  the  living  forms,  but  the  small  size  of  the  head  and  the 
shape  of  the  antenuic  and  caudal  flaps  will  afford  good  points  for  comparison. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos,  13525,  14174. 


Tribe  .^SCHNINA  Hagen. 

This  group  of  larger  Odonata  seems  to  have  been  less  richly  endowed 
with  species  and  gencni  than  tho  other  families  both  in  past  times  and  at 
present.  The  most  recent  study  of  the  group  by  de  Selys,  which  has  just 
ap])eared,  dividi^s  the  -d^schnidie  proper  into  five  genera  and  twenty-three 
subgenera,  of  which  ^Eschna,  with  more  than  half  the  subgenera,  embraces 
more  than  half  the  one  hundred  and  fifty  known  recent  species  and  is  cos- 
mopolitan.    It  also  embraces  all  the  known  fossils  from  the  Tertiaries, 


^'  ♦ 


142 


TERTIARY  IVSKCTH  OF  NOIITII  AMKRirA. 


excpptinjf  onn  from  UjkIoIx)),  mi  Amix,  i'lvM.  doHcrilxMl  uh  ^KHclina  nictiH  by 
Hoor.  Foiii'  t'nnn\\  M|)(t(iit'H  iiro  known  from  tlio  ( )I<1  World  und  two  aro  lu>ro 
diwrilxMl  from  tlio  Now.  Of  tlioOld  World  typnH  ono  is  niondy  muntioiicd 
by  IIji<,''('m  an  found  in  amix'r  and  in  n^prasontod  «)nly  by  tho  tip  of  a  winjf. 
A  HiH-ond,  from  lionxMnouth  in  Kn^^land,  lias  Ixu'U  ti;^iii-od  by  (Josh  witliout 
a  namo.  It  appears  to  bolon;;;  to  tbo  snb^onu8  Hasiicschna,  but,  an  it  in  ('cr- 
tainly  incorrm'tly  drawn  in  Homo  particulars,  it  may  bo  in  tlios(>,  sucli  as 
tho  simplitMty  of  tlm  subnoda!  sector,  upon  wliicli  this  suj^j^estion  is  based. 
The  other  two,  .Eschna  polydoro  and  vE.  tyche  from  Oeningen,  were 
descril)ed  nearly  thirty-five  years  ago  by  Ileor,  and  aro  certainly  very  closely 
allied,  though  distinct,  as  Ilcr  pointed  out.  They  seem  to  belong  pretty  c(»r- 
taiidy  to  /Eschna  s.  s.,  and  are  apjiio'ently  not  far  removed  fn)m  tlui  Knropeaii 
.E.  mi.xta  liatr.,  as  I  judge  from  direct  comparisons  with  the  eiitini  h^^eries 
referred  by  do  Selys  to  ..E.schna  s.  s.,  which  I  have  had  the  opportunity 
of  studying  in  tho  C'aml)ridgo  Musenuj  thntugh  the  favor  of  Dr.  Ilagen. 
Ileer  also  directly  compares  the  former  to  that  species,  as  I  subse(pu;ntly 
noted.  Our  independently  formed  opinions  have  therefore  completely  coin- 
cided. These  two  species  are  also  very  nearly  allied  to  or  '  the  Anieri- 
cnn  forms,  which,  however,  moro  closely  resembles  a  coi  American 

species,  ^E.  constricta  Say.  Tho  other  American  fossil  belongs  to  liasia*- 
schnn.  The  resemblance  of  the  Tertiary  icschnid  fauna  of  Europe  and 
America  appears  therefore  to  have  boon  tolerably  close.  (September, 
1883.) 

.I-^SC'HXA  Fabricius. 

All  the  fossil  .Eschniija  known,  excepting  one  (an  Anax),  belong  to 
..Eschua,  two  European  and  one  American  to  ^Eschna  proper,  and  one 
from  each  country  to  Hasia>scluia  ' 

The  species  of  .Eschna  from  Florissant  known  by  their  wings  may  bo 
separated  thus : 

Tahlf  of  Ihi  HiihgcKrra  of  .I\Hchna. 

Siil)ii<Mlal  M'l't^ir  rmkcil,  Iin  iipiHT  i'ork  Hepuriitoil  rriiiii  tint  iioiitl  Ity  it  Hiii);l<t  row  of  »(<IU;  iitt>r«Htii(iiia 
liiinUy  iiioic  lliuii  tlin-r  tiiiii's  uh  Ion;;  in  lirimil  anil  inily  oiKt-l'iiiirtli  uh  ion;;  iin  tliu  h|iiicu  lictwi'ttii 
it  itnil  tliK  iiihIiih t.  ./'.'nvAnii  *.  h, 

Siiliiimliil  Hi'ctiir  Hiiii|ili<,  N<!|iiirittiMl  i'roiii  tlin  iiodttl  liy  timw  rows  of  vflU;  |it<iriiNliKiiiit  four  or  llvo 
tiiiivH  u8  Ion;;  uh  biiiuil,  iniiru  tliun  onu-llilril  liH  luu|{  uh  the  ii|)acu  betwuvii  it  uiiil  tliu  iioilnN. 

'J.  Huninchim, 


'  Vulo  aiipra. 


NBUR(>I»TKRA— ODONATA— .K8CIININA. 


143 


1.  Hubj(enu8  .(Ehciina  Solyn. 

TtiU  f^i'oiip  of  tlio  ffoittiH  vKrtoliiia  in  ii  c(>Hino|)<)litnii  one,  iitid  iiu'.ltidoH 
ft  lar^for  proiiortion  of  the  Hpntiit^s  timii  iiiiy  otimr.  To  it  lutlonj,''  two 
Kiiro|Kuin  and  oiio  Aiiioi'icaii  fonHil  MjiocitJH,  all  idoHoly  allio<I,  but  tlio 
Kiifopuiin  more  noarly  rulatud  to  an  uxintiiig  Kiiropouii  spbciott,  M.  mixta, 
tlio  American  to  an  uxititing  Aniurican  spocioH,  M.  constricta,  than  to  any 
othurH. 

iEsCHNA    (J'jHCHNA)    80M1)A. 

PI.  13,  FiK.  1. 

A  remarkably  well  preserved  front  win;^,  the  extreme  base  only  loHt 
Win}f  of  rather  Hmall  Hize  and  rather  slender,  tlui  middle  line  of  the  basal 
half  l)ent  at  a  slij^ht  an^yle  with  that  of  the  apical  half;  tip  of  tli  winjf  uni- 
forndy  rounded ;  nodulus  altove  the  principal  se«'tor  stronj^ly  ami  rather 
rej^ularly  curved,  much  neanir  the  pterostij^ina  than  the  base ;  nodal  sector 
cur\  ijd  rather  gently  upward  in  the  mi(hlle  jjortion  of  its  course  but  termi- 
nniiiiy  some  distance  below  tlu^  apex  of  the  winj^;  subnodal  sect(»r  forked 
widely  a  little  before  the  pterostigma,  the  ujjper  fork  turning  abruptly 
upward  at  its  origin ;  the  intercalated  sector  between  the  subnodal  and 
median  forked  below  the  base  of  the  pterostigma,  its  upper  fork  also  curved 
upward  and  separated  at  tip  from  the  lower  fork  of  the  subnodal  by  only  a 
single  row  of  cells,  as  usual ;  median  and  thort  sectors  separated  in  the 
apical  half  (or  less)  by  a  doul)le  row  of  colls  in  tlu*  discoidal  field  below  the 
triangle,  first  two,  then  three,  and  afterwards  four  or  five  rows  C'  tolls  irreg- 
ularly dis])osed.  Pterostigma  scarcely  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the 
inner  and  outer  margins  very  oblicpie  and  parallel;  color  blackish  castane- 
ous,  the  bordering  veins  black.  Ante('ul)itals  more  than  twenty-two  (prob- 
ably about  twenty-five),  postcubitals  fifteen. 

Length  of  wing  more  than  41"""  (probably  44""°);  breadth,  10.5"'";  dis 
tance  from  nodulus  to  base  of  pteiostigma,  15"""  ;  length  of  pterostigma,  4""". 

"^riiis  species  plainly  l)el')ngs  to  the  subgenus  ..Eschna.  Hy  favor  of 
Dr.  Ilagen  I  have  compared  it  directly  with  all  the  species  referred  by 
Selys  to  that  grou|),  excepting  a  couple  of  rare  forms,  and  unquestionably 
it  is  most  closely  allied  to  M.  constricta,  though  closely  resembling  ^E. 
marchali.  Indeed,  the  resemblance  to  ^E.  constricta  is  closer  than  I  have 
yet  foiuid  between  any  well  preserved  Florissant  insect  and  any  living 


I  I 


^1    1' 


«,  t 


%' 
!■ 


144 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


typp ;  it  agrees  better  with  it  than  JE.  constricta  does  with  any  other  living 
form.     The  nodal  sector  of  JE.  solida  is  not  so  strongly  curved  as  in  M. 
ccinstiicta,  and  the  pterostignia  of  ilie  fossil  is  slightly  longer ;  these  are  the 
moct  important  distinctions  that  were  noted. 
Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  8347. 

2.  Subgenus  Hasi/ESchna  Selys. 

As  was  stated  in  the  general  remarks  under  ^Eschnina,  Goss's  unnamed 
iEschiiid  from  Bornemouth,  England,  probably  belongs  to  thin  group ;  an 
interesting  fact  since,  so  far  as  I  know,  it  is  exclusively  an  American  group, 
and  one  of  our  own  fossils  fjills  therein.  It  is  the  only  subgenus  of  iEschna 
besides  ^Eschna  proper  which  is  known  in  a  fossil  ftat\ 

VESCHNA    (BaSLESCHNA)    SEPARATA. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  15. 

A  comjdete  front  wing  and  its  reverse  broken  near  the  course  of  the 
median  sector  and  the  part  below  crowded  up  against  the  upper  portion,  so 
as  to  confuse  the  parts  next  the  line  of  fracture. 

The  wing  is  of  rather  small  size,  rather  slender  and  straight ;  the  tip 
is  slightly  angulated  rather  below  tlie  middle  of  the  wing;  noduhis  placed 
at  almost  two-thirds  the  distance  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma,  scarcely 
directed  backwaid  above  the  siibcostal,  below  that  straight,  directed  some- 
what forward  and  reaching  the  subnodal ;  nodal  sector  curved  rather 
strongly  and  somewhat  raj)idly  upwanl  in  the  middle  part  of  its  course, 
terminating  a  little  distance  below  the  tip  of  the  wing;  subnodal  sector 
simple  and  beyond  the  ba.se  of  the  pterostigmu  subparallel  to  tlie  nodal ; 
the  intercalated  .sector  between  the  subnodal  and  the  median  sim{)le, 
but  CTU'ved  in  the  cciirse  of  what  woidd  be  the  superior  foi-k  if  it  were 
branched,  and  oven  more  strongly  curved  than  in  yEschna  solida ;  median 
and  short  sectors  separated  apically  by  a  double  row  of  cells,  but  to  how 
far  from  the  margin  can  not  be  seen;  in  the  discoidal  field  below  the  tri- 
angle tliere  are  at  first  two,  then  tlu'ee,  and  afterwards  four  or  five  rows  of 
cells,  the  last*arraiiged  in  .somewliat  ol).sciu"e  oblique  scries.  Pterostigma 
five  times  as  long  as  broad,  botii  outer  and  iinicr  margin  very  oblifpie,  but 
the  outer  much  more  so  flian  tlie  inner;  the  color  uniform  pale  clay  brown, 
but  the  thickened  ijorderinj,'  veins  black.  Antecubitals  twenty-three,  post- 
cubitals  thirteen. 


\ 


NEUliOPTERA— ODONATA— LIBELLULINA. 


145 


Length  of  mr\g,  44""";  breadtli,  10.2"'"';  distance  from  base  to  nodulus, 
21.5""';  from  nodnlus  to  base  of  pterostigma,  13.2'""';  length  of  pteic- 
stigma,  '}""". 

This  species  diifers  from  M.  solida  in  its  more  pointed  tip,  straighter 
foi'm,  simple  subnodal  .sector,  which  is  separated  from  the  nodal  by  three 
rows  instead  of  one  row  of  cells,  and  by  the  greater  approximation  of  the 
nodulus  to  the  pterostigma  as  well  as  by  the  greater  length  of  the  latter. 

It  is  very  closely  related  to  xEsciina  janata  Say,  which  Selys  makes 
tlie  typo  of  his  liasia^schna.  The  nodal  sector  has  precisely  the  same 
curve  just  before  the  pterostigma,  and  it  differs  mainly  in  the  more  arcuate 
tip  of  the  principal  nervule  intercalated  between  the  subnodal  and  median 
sectors. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  8164  and  11693. 


iEsCHNA  LARVATA. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  11. 

A  single  specimen  of  a  larva  has  been  found  belonging  to  this  genus 
and  not  improbal)ly  belonging  to  one  of  the  species  described ;  but  as  this 
can  not  from  the  nature  of  the  case  be  detei'mined  it  will  be  best  to  give  it 
a  distinct  name  for  ready  reference.  Tiie  front  half  of  the  body  is  rather 
obscure,  but  the  outline  shows  the  form  with  sufficient  distinctness.  The 
body  is  Ifiv-rest  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  scarcely  deoieasing  in  size 
anteriorly,  ')'it  posteriorly  narrowing  somewhat  rapid'.y  beyond  the  fourth 
al)doniinai  segment;  the  outer  edges  of  the  posterior  borders  of  the  seg- 
ments are  not  ])rodnced ;  the  three  anal  valves  are  distinctly  seen,  are  very 
slender  and  finely  pointed ;  one  of  the  legs  is  preserved,  showing  that  it  is 
slender  and  of  the  usual  form. 

Length  of  body,  ;!4.r)"'"'r  breadth  in  middle  of  al»domen,  7.5"'"';  at 
base  of  abdomen,  (i""" :  at  base  of  anal  valves,  2.5'"'":  length  of  latter, 
;i25'"'";  of  fenuxr  of  hind  (?)  leg,  (i""";  of  tibia,  4.5'"'";  of  tarsi,  4.25""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1816. 

Tribe  LIBELLULINA  Hagen. 

A  small  number  of  species  of  this  tribe  occur  in  the  European  Ter- 

tiaries. 

VOL  xni K)  '         ' 


1     I 


I     1; 

I 


5 


1 

i     _    1 

146 


TKUTIAUY  INSIiCTS  OF  NOUTU  AMEIUCA. 


LlHKLLIIKA   HJ). 

PI.  <},  Fifts.  4,  H(. 

(Libfllulina)  Sciuld.,  Hull.,  V.  S.  (icol.  (Icogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  77;".  (1878). 

Fragments  of  an  abdomen  in  obverse  and  reverse  are  probably  to  be 
referred  to  Libelhda  «>nly  in  the  brftadest  possible  sense,  but  they  are  insufK- 
cient  to  give  further  determination.  They  evidently  represent  four  or  five 
of  the  terminal  segments  of  the  body,  there  being  first  three  segments  of 
e(pial  breadth  and  a  similar  length,  a  lltth^  longer  than  liroad,  with  a  slight 
median  carina;  and  then  three  others  without  a  median  carina  and  with 
continually  decreasing  length,  the  first  of  them  (probably  the  eighth  seg- 
ment) lialf  as  long  as  the  preceding,  but  of  the  same  width ;  the  next  half 
as  long  as  the  one  which  precedes  it,  but  narrower,  and  the  last  still  narrowei- 
(but  imperfect). 

Length  of  the  fragment,  20""';  of  its  third  (seventh  f  abdominal)  seg- 
ment, 4.5""";  breadth  of  same,  3  5. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.s.  4175  and  4176. 

Suborder  PLANIPENNIA  Burmeister. 

The  colle.'tions  obtained  at  Florissant  enibra(!e  eight  genera  and  thir- 
teen species  of  planipennian  Neuroptera.  All  of  the  species  and  four  of  the 
genera  are  new,  and  belong  to  four  families.  The  Kaphidiida-  are  the  most 
numerous,  embracing  Kaphidia,  with  a  single  species,  and  Inocellia  with 
tour ;  the  species  referred  to  IJaphidia  hardly  belongs  to  it  in  a  strict  sen.se, 
since  tlie  costal  vein  is  excessively  short,  there  are  no  costal  veinlets,  and 
the  sectors  do  not  origiiuite  obliquely  from  the  radius,  but  more  indirectly 
by  transverse  veins ;  all  the  species  of  Inocellia,  which  fall  into  two  sections, 
differ  from  living  types  and  also  from  the  species  found  in  Oligocene  amber 
of  the  Baltic  in  having  no  transverse  series  of  regular  discoidal  areoles  be- 
low the  pterostignia.  A  single  species  of  Osmylus  repre.sents  tlui  Henu!- 
robida',  and  differs  from  living  forms,  as  does  ulsit  the  auklter  species,  in  the 
simple  cliara(!ter  of  the  costal  nervules,  the  much  smaller  number  of  sectors, 
and  the  limited  supply  of  cross-veins  in  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  giving 
this  region  a  verv  different  appearance  from  its  rather  close  reticulation  in 


It  may  here  be  notiicd  that  a 


s  a  verv  jjeiieral  rule  tne  neu- 


th 


modern  types. 

ration  of  the  winij-  is  much  closer  in  moch-rii  I'lanineiuiia  than  in  their  Tei 


tiary  representatives. 


NEUEOPTERA— PLANJ PENNIA. 


147 


l''here  are  four  species  of  Chrysopida;,  referable  to  two  genera,  eacli  of 
them  extinct;  Chrysopidft  liave  not  before  been  recognized  in  Tertiary  strata, 
the  single  species  poorly  figured  by  Andrii,  and  never  carefully  studied, 
being  much  more  probably  one  of  the  Ilemerobidra,  These  two  genera, 
called  Pahvochrysa  and  Tribochrysa,  are  allied  to  the  living  Nothochrysa, 
but  differ  from  modern  types  in  the  zigzag  course  of  the  upper  cubital  vein, 
and  in  its  direction,  which  is  through  the  middle  of  the  wing,  as  well  as  by 
the  smaller  number  of  sectors  and  the  entire  absence  of  any  transverse 
series  of  grado.te  veinlets ;  Paheochrysa  is  represented  by  a  single  species, 
Tribochrysa  by  three,  and  the  genera  differ  from  each  other  in  the  course 
of  the  upper  cubital  vein,  which  in  Palseochrysa  is  direct  and  bordered  by 
comparatively  uniform  cells,  while  in  Tribochrysa  it  is  doubly  bent  in  tin 
middle,  and  is  therefore  bordered  by  very  unequal  cells.  Two  species  of 
Panorpida?  have  been  found,  one  of  which  is  referable  to  a  new  genus,  IIol- 
corpa,  which  differs  from  Panorpa  in  the  entire  absence  of  cross-veins,  and 
is  remarkable  for  the  spots  on  the  wings.  All  these  liave  been  discovered 
at  Florissant  only.  No  planipennian  Neuroptera  liave  been  found  in  the 
Green  River  shales,  but  the  Tertiary  beds  of  liritish  Columbia  have  fur- 
nished a  single  species  of  Ilemerobida^  belonging  to  an  extinct  genus  allied 
to  Micromus,  and  wliich  T  have  called  Bothromicromus ;  and  we  have  re- 
mains of  one  of  the  Sialidai  from  beds  of  Laramie  age  in  Colorado,  which  is 
introduced  hero. 

The  numl)er  of  species  of  Tertiary  Planipennia  is  nearly  doubled  by  the 
discoveries  already  made  in  the  American  Tertiaries,  but  the  families,  and  es- 
pecially the  genera,  are  very  differently  represented  on  the  two  continents ; 
thus  the  Rapliidiida'  have  in  Europe  only  one  species  of  Inocellia,  while, 
on  the  otlier  liand,  the  Ileraerobida'  show  one  or  more  species  each  of 
Nymphes,  Sisyra,  Hemoi-obius,  and  Osmylus.  The  Chrysopidjip,  as  stated, 
are  unrepresented,  although  two  species  are  known  from  the  Jura.  The 
Pant>rpida'  have  one  species  of  Panorpa  and  tlu-ee  of  Bittacus.  while  there 
are  also  two  spcn^ies  of  Ascalaphus  and  one  each  of  Myrmeleon,  Chau- 
liodes,  and  Coniopteryx,  belonging  to  families  not  found  fossil  in  this  coun- 
try.    (September,  1S83.) 


t ;: 


!  % 


II 


148 


TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Family  SIALINA  Leach. 

This  family  is  composed  ot'  two  groups,  each  represented  in  our  rocks. 
As  tliey  ditl'er  somewhat  remarkably  in  history  and  distribution,  such  gen- 
eral remarks  as  can  be  made  will  appear  in  contrasting  the  statements  which 
follow  under  each. 

Subfamily  SIALID/E  Stepheuss. 

The  Sialidie  are  evidently  an  expiring  type.  A  considerable  number 
of  Paleozoic  forms  have  l)een  referred,  with  more  or  less  reason,  to  it  or  its 
vicinity,  and  certainly  the  resemblance  of  its  modern  genera  to  tlie  bulk  of 
the  ancient  neuropteroid  types  is  greater  than  can  be  affirmed  of  any  other 
modern  group.  Yet  even  in  the  Mesozoic  period  we  know  of  comparati\ely 
few  examples;  TIagen  refers  an  undescribeds])eciesfrom  the  Jura  toC^ory- 
dahis;  Westwood  figures  a  Sialium  from  the  Purbecks,  and  the  species  given 
here,  belonging  to  the  disputed  Laramie  beds,  is  known  only  by  its  egg- 
masses  ;  I  have  also  shown  that  the  larval  Mormolucoides  articulatus  Hitchc. 
from  the  Connecticut  River  sandstones  is  to  be  regarded  as  a  sialid.  In 
Tertiary  times,  where  the  number  of  insects  known  is  vastly  increased,  we 
find  no  greater  representation.  One  species  only,  Chauliodes  prisca,  from 
the  amber,  is  well  known  ;  Gravenhorst  and  Burmeister  spcik  of  a  Semblis 
from  amber,  which  may  bo  the  same  as  Ilagen's,  above  mentioned ;  and  an 
insect's  leg  from  Rott  has  been  doubtfully  referred  here.  No  si)ecies  of  this 
group  has  been  found  in  the  American  Tertiaries.  So  too  we  find  the  exist- 
ing species  very  meager  as  compared  with  other  families  of  Neuroptera ; 
but  that  some  existed  in  American  Tertiaries  can. not  be  doul>ted  by  any 
who  win  compare  our  huge  living  Corydaltis  with  the  still  more  gigantic 
Corydalites  from  the  Laramie  beds.     (September,  1883.) 


CORYDALITES  Scudder. 

CorydaUlm  .Sciidil.r,  Bull.  {'.  .<?.  P.ool.  (Jcojir.  Snrv.  Torr.,  IV,  ,j:!7  (1S78). 

The  egg-niassos  thus  named  were  described  by  me  in  1.S7S,  but  it  was 
not  until  the  publication  of  a  figureof  oneof  them  in  Zittel's  Ilandbuch  der 
Pala'ontologie,  in  1885,  that  their  existence  in  beds  of  (piite  similar  age  in 
Kurojje  was  recognized.  On  this  point  I  may  quote  from  a  letter  written  me 
by  the  Marquis  de  Saporta  in  May,  188G  : 


1l 


It'.  ■*.  ?' 


'         <; 


NEUROPTEKA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA. 


149 


II  m'a  8u£B  de  jeter  lea  youx  sur  votro  figure  981  pour  rcconnaitre  l'i(lentit<S  par- 
faiteduvotreCoryilaliteafecimduiD  avec  dcs corpa  fossilea,  ayauf  mfime  aspect  et  m^ine 
coinpoHition  qui  out  6t6  reuueillis  en  aasez  bon  nombre  et  par/aitetiient  (ionsarv^a  dans 
notre  terrains  il  lignites  de  Fuveau  pies  d'Aix,  et  justemeut  ees  lignites  sout  uiaiute- 
nnnt  rapportes  uuiversel lenient  nu  Garuinnien  inferieur,  et  meme  plus  bas  au  Cam- 
panien,  c'est  it,  dire,  iY  I'borizon  de  la  craie  supdrieure.  II  est  done  trds  int^ressant  de 
constater  la  presence  de  ces  uids  ou  nkuiious  d'ceufs  de  Gorydalis,  au  mfime  uiveau,  en 
Europe  coinmc  en  Anierique  et  probablemeut  dans  les  lufiines  conditions  de  ddp6t. 
Lea  Gorydalites  fecunduin  ont  ete  reeueillis  h  Treta  pres  de  Fuveau  dana  les  lits  char- 
bonneux  exploitds,  ou  ils  ae  trouvent  nssoci<3s  i\  des  feuilles  de  Nelumbium.  II  est 
ii^^uie  visible  que  ces  Nelumbiuni  ont  v6cu  aur  place  et  les  Gorydalites  ont  dn  vivre 
cdte  i\  c6te  et  placer  leara  leufa  dans  des  inemes  lieux. 


COKYDALITES   FECUNDUM, 
PI.  4,  Figs.  5-7, 1.V16, 18-21,  23. 

Corydalitcs  fecundum  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  IV,  5:i7-540  (1878);  in  Zittel,  Handb. 
Pahvout.,  I,  II,  77C,  Figs.  981a,  b  (1885) ;  White,  Rep.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  XI,  173-174 

(1879). 

Under  this  name  I  have  classed  an  insect  which  laid  some  remavkable 
egg-masaes,  obtained  in  immhers  by  Dr.  C.  A.  White,  at  Crow  Creek,  fifteen 
miles  northeast  of  Greeley,  Colorado,  in  lignitie  Ijeds  of  the  Laramie  group. 
'I'hese  egg-masses  are  five  centimeters  in  length  by  nearly  two  in  breadtli 
and  one  in  height,  nearly  equal  throughout,  rounded  and  sliglitl}'  pointed 
at  the  tijis,  and  of  a  dirty  yellowish  brown.  Tliey  are  estimated  to  contain 
each  about  two  thousand  eggs  definitely  arranged,  and  coated  with  a  cov- 
I'ing  of  Vrliat  was  presumably  albuminous  matter,  which  also  surrounds 
each  egg.  The  close  general  resemblaiu-e  of  these  eggs  and  of  their  clus- 
tering to  that  of  the  eggs  referred  by  Mr.  C  V.  Riley  to  the  neuropterous 
genus  Corydalus'  leave  little  doubt  concerning  their  probable  affinities. 
j\Ir.  Riley's  description  is  as  follows : 

Tbe  egginass  of  Corydalus  cornutus  is  either  brofidly  oval,  circular,  or  (more  excep- 
tionally) even  pyriforni  in  circunifereuce,  flat  on  tbe  attached  side,  and  plano-convex 
[broadly  convex  is  doubtless  incantj  on  the  exposed  side.  It  averages  21""»  iu  length, 
and  is  covered  with  a  white  or  creani  colored  albutninous  secretion,  which  is  gener- 
ally splashed  around  the  mass  on  the  leaf  or  other  object  of  attachment.  It  contains 
from  two  to  three  thousand  eggs,  each  of  which  (PI.  4,  Figs.  17,  22)  is  1.3"""  long  and 
about  one  third  as  wide  [he  figures  them  of  a  slenderer  form],  ellipsoidal,  trauslucent, 
sordid  white,  with  a  delicate  shell,  and  surrounded  and  separated  from  the  adjoining 
eggs  by  a  thin  layer  of  the  same  white  albuminous  material  which  covers  the  whole. 
The  outer  layer  forms  a  compact  arch,  with  the  anterior  ends  pointing  inwards,  and 


'  It  ban  beeu  Hiiggostud  that  these  may  belou^  rather  to  CliaulioileH,  a  cloncly  allied  genus  of 
Nenroptera ;  but  Mr.  Kilcy  duclares  that  they  are  identical  with  these  found  in  tlie  body  of  Corydalus, 


150 


TERTIARY  INSKOTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


the  i)08terior  uiuls  Hhowiug  like  t'tiiut  (lota  tliruugli  the  whito  uoveriug.  Tliost^  of  the 
inurginal  row  lie  Hat  ou  the  attached  surface ;  the  others  (trmliially  diverge  outwardly, 
80  that  the  ceutral  ones  are  at  right  augles  with  said  object.  Beneath  this  vaulted 
layer  the  rest  lie  on  a  ]>lane  with  the  leaf,  those  touching  it  in  concentric  rows,  the 
rest  packed  in  irregularly.' 

In  the  tb.ssil  ootliecji  the  mass  is  much  hvrgor  and  more  ohmgated,  and 
possensoa  Ites'uU's  one  characteristic  in  which  it  difiers  strikingly  from  tliat 
of  Corydahis  (and  on  whicli  account  particuhirl}'  1  have  used  a  new 
generic  appelhition),  viz,  the  division  of  its  mass  into  two  hmgitudinal 
and  equal  lialves  by  an  albuminous  wall,  or  ratlior  by  double  albuminous 
walls,  which  mry  be  parted  above,  leaving  as  the  only  connection  between 
the  two  halves  their  common  albuminous  floor.  There  are  indeed  a  few 
specimens  which  show  no  sign  of  this  division,  Ijut  a  median  furrow,  or  n 
deeper  and  more  complete  separation  of  the  two  halves,  is  so  prevalent  that 
this  seems  to  be  the  only  explanation  to  be  offered  for  its  apjjcarance. 
Tlieir  absence  in  the  few  specimens  is  prol»ably  due  to  defect  of  preserva- 
tion. The  connnon  albuminous  floor  and  the  upper  and  outer  albuminous 
coating  are  of  remarkable  thickness,  varying  from  one  to  three  milli- 
meters; but  the  coating  attenuates  to  a  mere  lamella  as  it  i)asses  down  the 
median  furrow,  so  that  when  the  mass  remained  (piiet  in  the  position  in 
which  it  was  laid,  the  lateral  halves  pressing  closely  against  each  other,  the 
combined  thickness  of  the  two  all)uminous  walls  woidd  together  no  more 
than  equal  the  ordinary  thickness  of  the  albuminous  partition  between  any 
two  contiguous  eggs.  That  such  a  ])artition  existed  even  in  those  which 
do  not  now  show  it  seems  ])robal>le  from  the  regularity  of  the  furrow  in 
every  instance  of  its  occurrences  and  l)v  its  prevalence;  some  specimens 
merely  show  a  sharp  groove  along  the  middle,  the  halves  remaining  in 
complete  juxta{)osition ;'"  others  again  are  so  completely  separated  as  to  be 
curled  over  and  meet  beneath  (Figs.  19,  23). 

'I'his,  together  with  the  fact  that  the  egg-mass  is  otherwise  extremely 
regular  (showing  only  so  little  plasticity  as  to  allow  one  broad  side  to  be 
straight,  while  the  (»pposite  is  a  little  convex)  and  never  exhibits  the  slightest 
tendency  to  coil  longitudinally,  lea  Is  me  to  believe  that  the  egg-masses 
were  laid  i  <  the  water  of  shallow  basins,  upon  the  muddy  floors,  which 

'  I'roc.  Am.  Ahmoo.  Ail.  Sci.,  vol.  "i."),  |(|(.  'J77-'27-'. 

'Thi'Kn  .M|>(>ciiiiriis  arc  soiiio  from  wbidi  wtatlii'iiii;;  lias  rtMiKivml  their  outer  ulbiimiiKiiiH  cuatin;; ; 
|icTlia]iN,  if  tluH  liail  remaini'il,  thu  furrow  would  have  beuu  cuucualeil  by  tliu  cumpleto  union  uf  Miu 
uttiugi'ut  ulbuiiiiiiouH  wailH. 


>  ' 


ll._,^ 


NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IAL1NA. 


151 


could  be  reached  by  the  abdometi  of  the  insect  while  resting  upon  a  stone 
or  overhanging  twig.  In  this  medium  the  albuminous  secretion  would  ex- 
pand to  the  utmost ;  if  the  bunch  of  eggs  remained  undisturbed,  it  would 
present  us  with  the  more  regulnr  hirudiniforni  masses  that  have  been  found ; 
if  rolled  about  by  the  disturbance  of  the  waters,  the  tM-o  halves  would  curl 
toward  each  other  more  or  less  closely,  forming  a  subcylindrical  mass,  and 
inclose  between  their  approaching  walls  more  or  less  of  the  mud  in  which 
they  are  rolled.  This  is  exactly  the  appearance  of  most  of  them  now, 
inclosing  the  same  substances  as  that  within  which  they  and  the  accompany- 
ing Biilimi  and  other  fresh-water  moliusks  lie  embedded.' 

These  masses  differ  from  those  of  Corydalus  in  the  extraordinary  amount 
of  albuminous  matter  which  surrounds  both  the  entire  mass  (Fig.  16)  and 
each  individual  eg;g  (Fig.  7).  This  is  perhaps  to  be  explained  by  the 
medium  in  which  they  appear  to  have  been  laid,  and  will  in  part  account 
for  the  vast  size  of  the  ootheca,  which  are  much  larger  than  any  mass  of 
insect  eggs  which  I  can  find  noticed.  The  size  of  the  mass,  however,  is 
also  due  to  the  greater  inagnitud*)  of  the  eggs  themselves,  which  are  twice 
as  long  as  and  pi'oportionally  larger  than  those  of  Corydalus  (Figs.  17,  21), 
and  lead  to  the  conviction  that  we  are  to  look  in  the  rocks  of  the  Laramie 
Group  for  an  insect  of  great  magnitude,  closely  allied  to  our  Corydalus, 
itself  the  largest  of  all  known  Sialina.  It  can  hardly  be  doubted  that  it 
must  have  been  at  least  double  the  size  of  the  living  type.  The  number  of 
eggs  li.id  is  about  or  nearly  the  same  as  in  Corydalus,  presuming,  in  either 
case,  all  to  be  laid  at  once. 

Compared  with  the  eggs,  the  albuminous  substance  surrounding  them 
is  nnich  softer,  more  or  less  friable,  and  easily  removed,  being  everywhere 
composed  of  fibers  running  in  the  same  direction  as  the  longitudinal  axis 
of  the  egg.  The  weathering  of  the  specimens  has  been  such  that  in  sev- 
eral instances  the  whole  albuminous  cap  has  been  removed,  and  in  others  a 
large  part  also  of  the  interovular  partitions,  leaving  the  eggs  standing  erect, 
each  separated  from  its  neighbors  by  from  one-third  to  one-half  its  own 
thickness.  In  many  cases  the  eggs  can  be  i)ulled  from  their  cells;  and,  al- 
though frequently  flattened,  they  may  be  studied  almost  as  well  as  if  living. 

The  eggs  (Fig.  21)  have  an  average  length  of  2.6"""  and  a  central 

Tliu  (li'iioNit  ill  wliicli  they  oucur  ixii  I'lcsli-wateroue;  but  Mr.  Lc[,iiii<!rt'ux  iiifuriiismethat  In-nckisb- 
water  forms  are  foiinil  both  abovo  and  bt'low  them.  For  details  concerning  the  age  of  the  deposit  and 
the  fossils  associated  with  Corydalites,  see  the  article  by  Dr.  C,  A.  White,  quoted  above. 


152 


TFWTIAUY  INSKl'TS  OF  NORTH   AMKRICjA. 


width  of  0.6""" ;  they  uro  nearly  cylindrical,  hnt  faintly  arcnato,  slightly  at- 
tennutod  at  '.ho  antorior  cxtreniity,  and  slightly  tumid  on  the  posterior  half, 
at  tlie  tij)  of  which  they  taper  rapidly,  rounding  oft'  t«)  a  rather  broadly  con- 
vex extremity,  which  is  Hattened  or  often  sunken  in  a  circular  central  space 
O.T""'  in  diameter  (Fig.  7),  outside  (»f  which  the  surface  is  rather  profusely 
filled  with  very  shallow,  obscnire,  circular  pits,  averaging  0.01"'"'  in  diameter. 
The  anterior  extremity  (Figs,  f),  (5)  tenuinates  in  a  slightly  elevated,  thin, 
subtuberculate  rim,  inclosing  a  terminal  portion,  whoso  surfa<"e  gradually 
rises  centrally  to  form  a  truncated  cone,  and  is  pitted  with  saucer-like  depres- 
sioiis,  gradually  diminishing  in  .size  up  the  sides  of  the  central  extension ; 
the  latter  is  about  as  long  as  tiio  breadth  of  its  tip  ;  its  extremity  (Fig.  18), 
0.04-0.0')5'°"'  in  diameter,  is  more  or  less  sunken,  with  a  central  circular 
pit  (the  micropyle)  O.Ol""™  in  diameter ;  while  the  rounded  margin  of  the  ex- 
tension is  made  more  or  loss  irregular  by  the  saucer-like  depressions  which 
surmount  it,  but  have  now  become  of  extreme  minuter  jss. 

This  structure  of  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  c'g}^  agrees  with  what 
was  previously  known  of  the  vgj^  of  8ialis,  but  no  r.iention  of  the  elevated 
point  was  made  in  Mr.  Riley's  tlescription  of  the  vgg  of  Corydalus.  It  oc- 
curs there,  however,  as  I  find  by  examination  of  eggs  he  has  kindly  sent  me. 
These  eggs  of  Corydalus  (Figs.  17,  22)  also  show  the  sunken  space  at  the  pos- 
terior end,  and  the  sides  of  the  egg  are  marked  nearly  as  in  the  fossil,  the 
surface  of  the  latter  being  broken  up  by  scarcely  (devated,  slight  ridges  into 
obscure,  transverse,  hexagonal  colls,  one-tenth  of  a  millimeter  long  (acrf)ss 
the  (igg)  and  one-fifth  as  broad,  those  of  adjoining  rows  interdigitating. 

In  the  disposition  of  the  eggs  also  these  masses  dift'er  from  those  ot 
Corydalus,  for  the}'  are  arranged  in  a  radiating  manner  around  the  longi- 
tudinal axis  of  the  ootheca.  All  of  them  partake  of  this  arrangement 
even  wiien,  as  rarely  hapj)ens,  there  are  two  la}ers  in  place  of  one  over 
parts  of  the  mass ;  in  no  case  are  any  of  the  eggs  packed  in  irregularly, 
as  is  the  case  with  a  portion  of  those  of  Corydalus,  according  to  Riley. 
As  in  Corydalus,  however,  the  posterior  ends  are  those  which  are  directed 
toward  the  upper  albuminous  coating,  which  in  many  cases  shows  very 
slight  subhexagonal  or  circular  depressions  or  elevations  corresponding  to 
the  position  of  the  extremity  of  the  egg  beneath,  just  as  in  Corydalus  the 
po.sterior  ends  of  the  eggs  show  "like  faint  dots  through  the  white  cover- 
ing."    The  outer  all)uminous  coating  apjjoars  in  the  fossil  to  be  made  up  of 


NKUUOl'TKUA— I'LANII'KNNIA— HIAlilNA. 


163 


tirt  many  partH  nn  tlioru  aru  og^s,  tlio  iiitorovuliir  tiltnuiH  iiiaturiul  extuiuUng 
to  tlio  surtiu'o  of  tliu  ootlioca,  forniiiig  wuIIh  to  tloop  colls  which  contain 
eggs,  and  which  aru  corkod  up,  as  it  wore,  l)y  plugs  of  albuniin(UiH  niatorial. 
These  plugs  seem  to  1)0  very  similar  to  the  ooll-walls,  having  been  com- 
posed a))parently  of  viscous  threads,  also  running  in  the  sanjo  direction  as 
the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  egg;  but  i  <  some  casijs  the  cell-walls  beyond 
the  eggs  have  Itocome  blackened,  while  the  plugs  retain  their  normal  color 
and  separate  readily  from  them. 

When  the  egg  mass  was  undisturbed,  the  outermost  eggs  lay  horizon- 
tally, and  those  next  the  median  furrow  vertically  (Fig.  15);  the  division 
walls  of  the  colls  were  therefore  thinnest  below,  and  it  appears  probable 
that  the  young  made  their  escape  at  the  bottom  of  the  median  furrow,  where 
the  outer  coating  is  also  thinnest,  though  not  so  presented  in  th-j  schematic 
figure.  Where  double  layers  occur,  the  eggs  of  the  upper  seem  to  be  in  a 
direct  line  with  those  of  the  lower  layer,  egg  for  egg,  as  if  a  cell  of  double 
length  were  stocked  with  two  eggs,  separated  by  an  albuminous  partition, 
and  in  this  case  the  albuminous  floor  and  covering  are  thiinier  than  usual 
so  that  the  egg-mass  is  not  greatly  enlarged  nor  distorted.  When  tv/o 
layers  were  thus  formed,  the  young  larva*  of  the  upper  layer  must  Imve 
I'scaped  through  the  emptied  cells  of  the  lower. 

It  only  remains  to  add  that  with  a  single  exception  these  masses  differ 
comparatively  little  in  size,  most  of  them  being  nearly  or  quite  five  centi- 
nu'ters  long,  although  some  scarcely  exceed  four  centimeters.  The  single 
exception  is  of  a  mass  only  a  little  more  than  fifteen  millimeters  long,  six 
millimeters  broad,  and  three  millimeters  high.  It  .shows  no  furrow,  ])ut 
may  represent  only  one  lateral  half  of  an  egg-mass,  as  the  walls  of  one 
side  are  steeper  than  those  of  tlie  other  and  look  like  the  sides  of  a 
median  furrow.  This  mass  is  so  small  that  only  by  presuming  one-half 
to  be  gone  and  the  albuminous  covering  to  be  thinner  than  usual  can  it 
be  regardeu  as  belonging  to  the  same  species  with  the  others,  although 
evidently  of  a  similar  nature.  In  case  it  belongs  to  the  same  species,  it 
may  be  looked  upon  as  probable  that  a  female  usually  deposited  all  her 
eggs  in  a  single  bunch,  but  that  in  this  case  some  accident  preventing  it, 
the  remnant  was  subsequently  laid  in  a  mass  of  much  smaller  dimensions, 
one-half  of  which  is  preserved.     This  is  the  view  I  am  disposed  to  adopt. 

Crow  Creek,  near  Greeley,  Colorado  (Laramie  group).  Dr.  C.  A. 
AVhite.     ilany  specimens. 


1 


154 


TRKTIAUY  INSKCT8  OF  NORTH  AMKUKIA. 


1' 


11 


Su])tUinil.v  IIAPIIII)IIJ>.T':  StnplieiiH. 
IlitliiTtti  only  Olio  s|H't'i('s  of  tliis  group  litis  been  foiiiid  in  Tertiiiry 
beds,  hikI  itH  curlier  oxiHtonce  is  tmknowii ;  tliis  Hin^i'lo  iiistanco  is  Iiiocoilin 
oriyoim  f'ntiu  iiniher.  Now,  however,  we  find  them  in  the  rocIcH  theinselvPH, 
118  five  species  from  Fh»"iHHiint  are  before  us,  one  boh)iijjiiig  probably  to 
Raphidia,  the  others  to  Inoeellia.  This  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  striking 
of  the  facts  yet  discovered  in  the  American  Tertiaries;  fctr  the  known 
species  of  this  family  not  only  are  exclusively  n«)rth  temperate',  but  almost 
exclusively  geroiit(»geic,  the  only  form  known  from  this  country  east  of  the 
Sierra  Nevadas  being  a  (probably  introduced)  European  species;  S(!veral, 
however,  are  known  from  the  west  coast,  whoso  insect  fauna  is  w«'ll  known 
to  have  very  strong  European,  or  at  least  geroiitogeic,  atHiiiti(ts.  A  point  of 
additional  interest  is  the  fact  that  so  many  species  of  Inocellia  are  found  and 
only  one  of  Haphidia  (and  that  doubtful),  when  Uaphidia  is  very  rich  and 
Inocellia  very  poor  in  species  at  the  present  time.  As  alreaily  stated,  the 
amber  species  is  also  an  Inocellia.     (September,  188.').) 

7'(i6J«  of  Ike  gentra  of  HaptiidiiJa'. 

l'U>roHtigina  rrnitgiMl  by  vviiilcta  and  tlierufure  ooiiipuocd  of  iiioiu  than  oiu-coll;  wiii((N  tliruu  timcR  as 

Ion;;  iM  liron<l 1.  Raphidiii. 

I'terostiKimi  CDiiipotiMl  of  ii  siiiRk'  foil:  \vin);s  nioro  tliuii  three  timos  hh  long  ni*  broad '■!  Inovellia. 

1    KAPHIDIA  Eimie. 

The  single  species  referred  here  differs  considerably  from  modern  forms 
ill  the  brevity  of  the  costal  vein,  the  absence  of  costal  transver.se  veinlets, 
and  other  features  of  the  neuration  which  render  its  reference  to  Uaphidia 
doubtful.  It  can  not  be  referred  to  Inocellia  on  account  of  the  structure  of 
the  pterostigma,  and  it  should  perhaps  be  considered  as  belonging  to  a  dis- 
tinct genu.s.     If  a  true  Raphidia  it  is  the  fust  one  that  has  been  *"-  iiid  fossil. 

Raphidia  (?)  TKANyiiiLLA. 
PI.  1 1,  Fit;.  2  ( .^ ). 

A  single  sj)ecimen  in  which  the  head  is  wanting  and  the  four  wings 
are  overlapj)iiig;  the  neuration  is  almost  exactly  similar  in  all  the  wing.s, 
and  they  are  of  equal  size,  but  for  the  .sake  of  cleajne.ss  only  one  of  them, 
an  upper  wing,  has  been  drawn  for  the  plate. 

'  It  wax  by  error  that  I  alliidml  to  tbeso  genera  im  i\  dicutivH  of  a  w:iriii«reliiiiat«  for  ancient  KloriH- 
want  ill  the  Annual  Report  of  the  U.  S.  OeohiKical  nml      'o^frapliical  Survey  for  1S7H,  p.  IWV. 


NKUROl'TKUA— IMiANII'KNNIA-aiAMNA. 


155 


The  wiiigH  iiro  r.onwidomljly  lon^rm-  tlitiii  tlio  ulMlninoii,  oval,  rounded 
nt  the  tip,  with  ii  ^i^outly  coiivox  inner  nmrgin  and  a  nearly  Htrai<;ht  coHtal 
margin.  The  neuration  is  dintinct  and  Idack  and  in  th(!  front  winyn  as  fol- 
lows: Tho  pterostiynia  Ih  Hinall,  Hcuii-oval,  f'lilijfinous,  deepening  centrally, 
Hituatod  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  at  the  costal  margin, 
cut  oblicjuely  by  a  curving  transverse  veinlet  at  its  outer  extremity.  Tho 
costal  margin  is  scarcely  expanded  at  tho  base,  and  the  costal  vein  is  ex- 
ceedingly short,  terminating  in  tho  margin  before  the  end  of  tho  basal  third 
of  the  wing  ;  this  featiu'o,  with  others  in  the  neuration  and  tho  total  absence 
(as  far  as  can  l»e  seen)  of  costal  transverse  vt'inlets,  renders  it  doul)tful 
whether  it  belongs  to  Raphidia  in  a  strict  mnm.  The  subcostal  vein 
thoreforo  forms  a  considerable  part  of  the  costal  border  and  is  widely  sep- 
arated from  tho  radius  and  connected  with  it  by  a  single  transverse  voiidot 
in  tho  middle  of  tho  wing.  The  sectors  do  not  arise  obVupiely  from  the 
radius,  but  are  connected  with  it  by  straight  transverse  cross-veins,  making 
two  long  and  largo  pentagonal  cell'*  in  tl)e  middle  of  the  wing  beneath  the 
radius,  o(pialIy  broad  at  both  ends.  There  aro  three  long  discoidal  areolets, 
the  uppermost  narrow,  tho  middle  ouv.  shorter  than  the  others,  tho  outer 
limits  of  all  of  them  nearer  to  the  apical  margin  than  to  the  inner  limits, 
making  the  marginal  arooles  shorter  than  tho  discoidal ;  all  the  areolets  of 
th(;  central  portions  of  the  wing  are  large,  being  few  in  mnnber,  and  they 
ap])roach  rather  near  tho  margin,  with  which  they  are  connected  by  few, 
seldom  and  then  simply  furcate,  marginal  veinlets. 

Length  of  thorax,  1.85""";  of  abdomen,  r).2""" ;  of  wing,  7.75""";  breadth 
of  latter,  2.55"'™. 

Florissant.     Oiio  specimen.  No.  438^5  (s). 


2.  INOCKLLIA  Schneider. 

The  occurronco  of  a  species  of  this  genus  in  amber  and  its  present 
existence  oidy  in  tho  north  temperate  region  of  tho  Old  World  and  of  our 
extreme  western  coast,  where  tho  aifinities  of  the  fauna  are  decidedly  Euro- 
pean, render  the  disi-overy  of  four  species  in  our  Colorado  Tertiaries  one  of 
special  interest.  It  is  curious,  however,  that  they  differ  not  only  from  the 
modern  forms,  but  also  from  the  amber  species,  I.  erigena  Menge,  in  lacking 
the  regular  arrangement  of  the  cells  below  tho  pterostiguia  to  form  a  trans- 
verse iniiform  series  of  discoidal  areolos. 


156  TKBTIAUY  INHKCTS  OV  NORTH  AMKItldA. 

Tilt'  apccii'M  iiiuv  1)0  so|mniftMl  tliiw : 

Tabu  0/  the  iptiiii  0/  iHOfrlUa. 

Contritl  M>vtur  of  tin*  front  wlu)(  (or  tlin  Hoclor  wliloli  truvurniiii  tlii>  initlillo  nf  tint  wIiik  itbiive  tho  ou> 
Itllikl  i'cIIn)  iiriHiiiK  (rum  n  lirokcn  HrilcH  iif  tritiiHviTHi'  vritiN  cDiiiicvtiiiK  tli«  riitliiiH  niiil 

ikiial  v»iu 1.  /.  rflrrana. 

Central  rn'otor  of  tint  front  wliii;  itrUing  In  tlio  an)(li<  c>r,  iinil  ItlmicthiK,  tint  l)««ttl  veil  foruntd  Ity  thtt 
Junction  of  tl»<  nxlliiH  and  itN  liUNnl  britunli. 
Lonxitnilinul  row  of  ( itlN  lirlow  tint  rntliiiH  uf  ri|iiikl  or  iin)>it<|nnl  leiiRtli. 

Kront  w\ng  nliont  two  unil  it  liitif  thni>M  Ioiikit  lliiiii  Wroiiil ;  I'l-IU  JmhI  itliovi*  tlin  cnltltnl  ri>llM 
no  lonKi'r  tliiin  Ihity  anil  Nliortitr  tliuu  tlioHo  in  tlio  row  JiiHt  linni'iilli  tlitt  riMlhrn;  )iro- 

lliornx  HlrohKly  la|i<>rinK.. 'i.  /.  mimtiulfKlii. 

Front  winK  more  tliun  tliri'o  tiiiit'H  ox  lon){  m  broad  ;  I'ldU  juwl  uliovit  tlir  cnbilul  rellN  iniii'li 
lougttr  tban  thny  and  rw  Iuok  uh  tbow)  In  the  row  Jnit  httnttntli  tint  ritiliuH;  prothorax  ■■i|iiikl. 

:i.  /.  liiiuHlala. 
liOnKitndiual  row  of  culU  nitxt  below  tbit  rodiimof  very  unui|iinl  Ittugth 4,  J.  ittnla. 

1.    InoCKLLIA    Vr.TKUANA. 
IM.  14,  Fig.  1. 

A  sinj^le  specimen  luis  been  found,  in  whicili  the  two  front  wingn  are 
preserved  with  an  obscure  body,  hickinj;'  the  head.  This  front  wiiiff  iu  eon- 
Hidi'ialtly  lonjjftM-  than  thora.x  and  abdomen  to<fether,  nearly  f(MU'  times  a« 
lon^  as  broad,  tlio  aj»ical  margin  well  rounded,  not  at  all  produced.  The 
venation  is  distinct,  dark  castaneons ;  the  pterostigma  is  of  considerai)le 
size,  faint  castaneous,  about  four  times  ns  long  as  broad,  ecpial,  terminated 
interiorly  by  a  transverse,  exteriorly  l)y  a  very  obliijue  nervule.  The  cos- 
tal margin  is  straight  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma  with  no  expan.sion 
wliafever;  the  figure  of  the  ri,"',!  wing  on  the  plate  is  incorrect  in  this  par- 
ticular, a  faint  e.\panded  vein  ooing  represented  where  none  e.xisfs.  The 
subco.stal  vein  riuis  parallel  with  the  costal  vein  in  the  basal  half  of  the 
wing,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  four  or  five  transverse  or  oblii^ue  veinlets, 
then  suddenly  turns  upwanl  anil  joins  it  at  .some  distance  before  the  ptero- 
stigma. The  radius  runs  parallel  to  the  costal  vein  throughout,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  subcostal  by  two  or  three;  transverse  veinlets.  The  sectors, 
or  longitudinal  veins  of  the  central  portion  of  the  wing,  do  not  ari.se  at 
intervals  oblicpiely  from  the  radius  as  they  do  in  the  other  species,  as  well 
as  in  the  amber  I  eogena  and  in  modern  types,  but  together  form  a  brokeii 
transverse  veinlet,  curving  around  from  beyond  the  middle  of  the  l)asal  half 
of  the  radius  to  the  anal  vtMii  anil  at  intervals  from  the  np|)er  sector.  It 
seems,  therefore,  to  form  a  somewhat  distiiu'-t  group  of  Inocellia.  There 
are  two  sectors  springing  from  the  iivat  sector,  one  in  the  middle,  the  other 


NEUROI'TKKA— I'LANIPKNNIA— aiALINA. 


157 


ill  till)  iiiiddlo  of  tlio  oiitor  halt',  nt'  tho  wing;  lioyoiul  tlio  origin  of  tho  fii'Ht 
Hoctor,  or  tli«  Itrokoii  sut  of  trauHverso  voiiilotH  <»f  which  itM  haHO  foririH  the 
origin,  thort*  nro  four  or  livi;  vory  htiig  Mttlihuxngonal  ooIIh  jtiHt  l)ftIo>v  the 
radiiiH,  tho  tliinl  from  tho  Itarto  reaching  tho  tniddio  of  tho  ptoroHtigina. 
The  iiiuiiIkm'  of  Huotoi'H  \h  ho  largo  that,  omitting  th(«  marginal  coIIh,  there 
aro  Hix  radiating  HorioH  of  coIIh  botwoen  tlto  radiuHi\iid  tho  anal  vein.  The 
I'ollHof  tho  marginal  Horio»  aro  of  vory  varying  wizo  and  Hliapo,  but  tho  voiiiH 
wliii'h  form  thoin  aro  vory  rarely  forked. 

f  .ongth  of  thorax  and  abdomen,  7.5""" ;  of  wing,  9'""' ;  l)roadtli  of 
muno,  26""". 

Florisnaiit.  Ono  Hpeelinon,  No.  LSSfj,  obtained  by  tho  Princeton  Expe- 
dition. 

2.   Xi^OCKLLIA   SOMNOLENTA. 


IM.  14,  Fij?.  12  (  9  ). 

One  rtpecimen  belonging  here,  with  its  reverse,  consiHts  of  n  head  and 
thorax  with  fragments  of  legs  and  wings,  among  the  latter  one  nearly  per- 
fect front  wing  overlying  part  of  a  hind  wing.  The  head  is  slender  and 
vory  long  oval  in  shape;  the  thorax  stout  with  a  greatly  and  regularly 
tapering  prothorax  forming  anteriorly  a  very  slender  neck.  Front  wing 
well  rounded,  rather  broad  for  its  length,  though  its  exact  breadth  can  not 
bo  told  from  the  broken  edges.  The  neuration  is  distinct  and  black,  the 
|)tero8tigma  faint,  fuliginous,  long,  and  equal,  about  four  times  as  long  as 
broad,  squarely  margined  basally,  obliipicly  margined  distally.  The  costal 
margin  is  nearly  straight,  gently  and  slightly  expanded,  tho  subcostal  vein 
terminating  upon  it  before  it  ro.aches  the  pterostigma  by  nearly  the  length 
of  the  latter.  Beyond  tho  basal  cell,  which  is  bisected  by  tho  last  sector, 
and  correspor.ds  to  the  coll  situated  within  the  broken  series  of  transverse 
vcinlets  in  I.  veterana,  there  are  immediately  below  the  radius  three  very 
long  subpentagonal  cells,  tho  second  reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
l)terostigma.  Omitting  tho  cells  which  border  the  margin,  there  are  five 
radiating  series  of  cells  between  the  pterostigma  and  the  anal  vein ;  the 
cells  are  fairly  large,  varying  much  in  .shape  but  rarely  more  than  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  the  terminal  veinlets  next  the  margin  frequently  and  widely 
forked. 


»' 


158 


TI«]irriAUY  INSKCTS  OF  l^OUTii  AAJEUKIA. 


Length  of  lioixd,  2""" ;  hreiultli  of  same,  O.H""" ;  length  of  thorax,  4.5""'; 
bveadtli  of  same,  2.4""":  broatltli  of  neck,  0.;5""";  probable  length  of  pro- 
thora.x,  2"'"';  its  broudth  at  l)ase,  1.75""":  length  of  fore  wing,  7"'"' ;  its  prob- 
able breadth,  2.5"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  937.'{  and  103Hi). 

Anot'-.cr  specimen  shows  tho  apical  half  of  two  overlappiiig  fore  wings, 
which  (lifter  so  little  from  the  preceding  that  1  place  it  here  at  least  provis- 
ionally :  it  difters  princi|)ally  in  the  point  of  immediate  origin  of  one  of  the 
veins  terminating  in  the  apex,  which  in  the  specimen  lirst  described  origi- 
nates in  the  d'.stal,  in  this  specimen  in  the  proximal  of  the  two  cells  inune- 
diately  beh-sv  the  pterostigma. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2603. 


3.  Inocellia  tumulata. 


PI.  14,  Fig.  ir.  ( s ). 

The  spec'es  is  rep'-esented  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  in 
which  the  entire  bod.>-  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the  four  wings  are  pre- 
served. The  head  is  obscure  and  ill-defined  in  part,  with  no  appendages 
preserved,  oI)pyriform  in  shaj)e,  Iieing  broadest  in  the  middle  of  the 
anterior  half  or  about  three-fourths  the  length,  the  front  broadly  rounded, 
behind  tapering  rapidly,  so  tlia.t  the  ba.se  is  narrower  than  the  narrow  neck 
formed  of  the  prothoraeic  segment.  This  is  n(.'i4rly  four  times  longer  than 
broad,  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  head  and  apj)arently  ecjual,  though 
the  imperfection  of  the  part  renders  this  doul»fful.  The  meso-  and  meta- 
tlioracic  mass  is  robust,  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  the  head,  while  the  abdo- 
men is  only  a  little  broader  than  the  head,  equal,  and  somewhat  longer 
than  the  rest  of  the  I)ody.  The  legs,  excepting  the  fragment  of  a  iiind 
femur,  are  not  j)n'Sirved. 

The  wings,  and  especially  the  front  pair,  which  is  considerably  longer 
than  the  hind  j)air,  are  longer  than  the  thorax  and  abdomen  together  and 
more  than  tinee  times  as  long  as  broad.  One  front  wing  is  almost  entirely 
preserved  and  separate  from  the  others,  so  as  to  be  (  .sily  studied:  the 
other  front  wing,  of  which  only  a  fragment  can  be  seen,  overlies  the  over- 
l.ipping  ajid  reversed  himl  w!n<>s:  the\  do  not  so  closely  overlap  as  to 
confnsi'  the  neurati>)n  greatly,  and  hence  nearly  the  wiiole  can  be  deter- 


NEUliOPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IALINA. 


159 


minpfl,  or  as  far  as  it,  is  preservod.  Tho  front,  wing  is  long  and  rather 
slendor,  slightly  enlarging  apically,  so  ns  to  he  l)roadest  at,  the  inner  half 
of  the  pterostig-  v^,  the  apex  well  rounded,  the  costal  margin  straight,  at 
base  broken  so  that  one  may  not  say  wiiether  the  wings  were  here  expanded 
or  not.  The  veins  of  the  front  wing  are  black,  of  the  hind  wings  blackish 
brown.  The  pterostignia  of  the  front  wings  is  of  moderate  size,  very  dark 
fuliginous,  its  proximal  margin  transverse,  its  '^'..k1  very  oblique;  except- 
ing its  tapering  apical  portion,  it  is  nearly  equa'  in  f  ■■  ,.dth  or  slightly  enlarg- 
ing in  the  middle  and  about  twice  as  long  as  'i-oa<i :  the  figure  is  here  not 
quite  correc  The  subcostal  vein  is  straight  ami  strikes  the  costa  at  a 
little  more  tiian  the  pterostigma's  distance  l)efore  the  latter;  the  space 
between  it  and  the  costa  is  broken  by  oblique  ?ross-veins,  of  which  only 
one  remains  near  the  middle  of  tlie  wing.  The  radius  runs  close  to  the 
sub(!08tal  vein,  and  is  coniiected  with  it  by  a  single  transverse  vein  at  the 
middle  of  the  wing.  Beyond  the  basal  cell,  which  is  bisected  obliquely  by 
the  last  sector,  there  are,  just  below  the  radius,  three  moderately  long  pen- 
tagonal cells,  the  second  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  pterostignia. 
Omitting  the  marginal  cells,  there  are  six  radiating  series  of  cells  between 
the  pterostignia  and  the  anal  vein ;  the  cubital  cells  are  large  and  broad, 
being  not  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  while  all  the  other  large  cells 
of  the  wing  are  exceedingly  long  and  slender,  often  several  times  longer 
than  broad,  scarcely,  if  at  all,  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  the  ends,  the 
transverse  veins  being  comparati^  ely  few ;  the  terminal  veinlets  of  the 
apical  half  of  the  lower  border  are  simply  and  widely  forked. 

In  the  hind  wings,  the  lower  half  only  of  which  is  preserved,  all  the 
terminal  veinlets  appear  to  be  forked,  and  excej)ting  at  the  upper  part  of 
tli^  ipex,  the  sectors,  wliich  are  l)roadly  sinuous,  appear  to  ])e  very  rarely 
coimected  by  transverse  veinlets  even  near  the  border;  at  least  almost  none 
can  l)e  detected. 

Length  of  body,  ll.S""";  of  head,  1.8""" :  breadth  of  same,  1""";  length 
<rf  i^othorax,  l.(i""":  brea<lth  of  same,  0.35""";  breadth  of  thorax,  1.7"""; 
length  of  al)dom<!n,  5.75""" ;  breadth  of  same,  0.85"""  ;  length  of  fore  wing, 
!'#'"":   ite  Iweadtli.  -J. 7""". 

Klorissant.     Oiw  specimen,  Nos.  956  and  4o30  ((?). 


160 


TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMIillKJA. 


4.  Inocellia  kvknta. 

Ono  specimen  of  this  spccios  is  proservcnl  in  wliicli  all  four  winjofs  closely 
overlapping  one  .anotliei-  iiro  attached  to  a  partly  [)reserve(l  body  sufficiently 
preserved  to  judge  by  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  that  it  was  pidbably  a 
male,  and  by  its  long  slender  and  equal  prothorax  that  it  did  not  (litter  in 
this  respect  from  I.  tumulata.  The  base  of  the  wings  is  too  obscure  for 
determination,  but  the  course  of  the  veins  renders  it  probable  that  the 
central  sector,  of  the  hind  wings  at  least,  arises  in  the  angle  of  tlie  basal  cell 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  radius  and  its  basal  brancli ;  and  in  the  table 
it  has  accordingly  been  plaeed  in  that  division  of  the  genus.  The  general 
feati  resof  the  neuration  show  at  all  events  that  it  is  more  closely  allied  to 
I.  t  imulata  than  to  any  of  the  others. 

'In  another  specinu  u  the  wings  are  of  ecpial  length,  the  front  pair  very 
long  and  slender,  being  nearly  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  greatest 
breadth  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  half,  although  the  greater  part  of  the 
apical  half  is  subequal,  tue  apex  well  rounded,  but  slightly  j)rodu(;ed,  the 
costal  margin  straight  beyond  the  (obscure)  base.  'I'he  veins  of  both  wings 
are  black.  The  pterosliirma,  apparently  alike  in  both  wings,  is  blackish 
fuliginous,  of  moderate  size,  its  proximal  margin  transverse,  its  distal  ver\- 
oblique,  forminu-  a  nearly  ''ontinuous  curve  with  its  slightly  convex  lower 
margin,  the  whole  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  subcostal 
vein  is  gently  curved  and  strikes  the  costa  at  the  pterosligma's  distaiute  before 
the  latter;  the  space  between  it  and  the  civsta  is  pretty  broad  and  filled  by  mi- 
merous  straight  o1)lique  veins  Below  the  radius  the  cell,  whose  distal  extrem- 
ity lies  just  beneath  the  termination  of  the  co8to-subco.stal  interspace,  is  excep- 
tionally long,  being  nearly  double  the  length  of  the  cell  beyond  it,  and  the 
cells  which  lie  beneath  its  distal  extremity  are  bordered  externally  by  a  com- 
mon line  which  lies  beneath  the  proximal  end  of  the  pterostigma  :  the  lower 
of  these  two  cells  lieing  the  longer,  there  is  formed  an  obliipu- series  of  lai-ge 
conspicuous  areole>  like  those  of  mod(;rn  species  but  more  distant  from  tin; 
apex  of  the  wing.  The  hind  wing  differs  from  the  front  wing  principally  in 
form,  tlie  apical  half  being  less  equal,  and  in  the  shortness  of  the  long  sub- 
radial  cell  of  the  front  wings,  which  is  no  loiiger  than  the  next  outside  of  it; 
the  series  of  cross-veins  originating  above  at  the  middle  of  the  pterostigma 
is  more  broken,  but  falls  whollv  without  the  jtroximal  end  of  the  ptero- 
stigma, so  that  the  three  areoles  form  a  vertical  instead  of  an  (tblioue  series; 


[111 


NEIJUOPTBKA— PLANIPENNIA— nEMEROBINA. 


161 


the  cubital  cells  can  not  be  deterniiiied  in  the  front  wing,  but  are  apparently, 
as  here,  pretty  larj^e  and  broad  and  rarely  if  ever  twice  as  long  as  brc  ad, 
while  nearly  all  the  other  large  cells  (especially  in  the  front  wings)  are  very 
long  and  slender  as  in  I.  tumulata,  the  transverse  veins  being  few.  The 
marginal  veinlets  of  both  wings  are  simply  and  widely  forked  on  the  lowei", 
and  sometimes  on  the  apical,  border. 

Length  of  wings,  10.5""";  breadth,  2.7"'"'. 

This  species  is  evidently  more  nearly  allied  to  I.  tumulata  than  to  any 
of  tiie  others,  and  ditlers  from  it,  not  onl}-  in  the  points  brouglit  out  in  the 
description,  but  also  in  the  closer  venation  of  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  83l!>,  1)39 1. 

Family  HEMEROBINA  Hagen. 

The  two  subfamilies  llemerobidiB  and  Chrysopidaj  which  form  this 
group  are  opposittjjy  re[)re.sented  in  the  Tertiaries  of  the  Old  and  New 
Worlds.  The  former  arc  well  represented  in  l*]urope  and  poorly  represented 
in  this  country:  tlic  hitter  are  well  furnislieil  with  species  in  this  country 
and  are  unrepreseiitcil  in  Kurope  Tiie  figures  stand  as  follows:  Ilemero- 
l)i(l;v',  four  geniTii,  six  species,  iMiropc,  vs  two  genera,  two  species,  America; 
Chryscipidic,  noiic,  Miiropi;,  vs.  two  genera,  four  species,  America.  Compare 
this  with  tlieir  i)r('sriit  distriltution  as  indicated  Ijy  Hagen  in  his  Synopsis 
syiu)nymica  (ISfld)  :  Ilcmcntl/Khe,  ten  genera,  forty  species,  Kurope,  vs. 
eight  genera,  tliirty-oni^  species,  AmiM-ica  ;  Olirysopida',  two  genera,  forty- 
one  species,  Europe,  vs.  oik*  genus,  tliirty-one  species,  America.  Here  the 
relation  between  Ain(>ric;i  and  i^iUropi^  is  ahnost  precisc^lv  the  same  in  tiie 
two  countries,  a  rehition  wliich  tiiids  no  sort  of  explanation  in  the  distribu- 
ti(m  of  the  two  groups  in  the  Terriaries.     (Septeml)er,  lS(S3.) 


Suhlhimly    HEMKUOBin/E   Stephens. 

rjonsideritiii  the  abundance  of  American  Tertiary  Neuroptera  and  the 
?ral>le  number  of  Hemerobidic  ( four  genera,  six  or  more  species) 
feuni  ill  tlie  IVrriary  l)eils  of  Europe — inustly  in  amlter — it  is  somewhat 
^■qirising  to  tind  i>nly  a  couple  of  species  in  our  .Vmerican  Tertiaries.  One 
of  these,  Osmyhis.  from  Florissant,  is  also  represented  in  amber  and  the 
two  species  agnse  t(»getiK«  in  certain  features  which  distinguish  them  from 
VOL  Xlli 11 


1C2 


TKKTIAHY  IX.SEOTS  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


niock'ni  forms      The  otli«r,  iin  extinct  g'oims,  Hothroniicromiis,  from  Hritisli 
Columbia,  is  very  difterent  from  imy  the  Europeiin  Terticaries  i)osse88. 

OSMYLUS  Latroille. 

The  species  we  have  placed  here  a{frees  somewhat  closely  with  the 
species  from  amber,  Osm.  ])ictus,  referred  by  Hagen  to  this  genus,  but  differs 
from  it  in  its  lack  of  any  diverse  coloring  in  the  wings,  as  well  as  in  sonie 
minor  points  of  the  neiwation,  as  in  the  distance  of  the  outer  series  of  gra- 
date veinlets  from  the  outer  border  of  the  wing,  their  regular  connection 
with  one  of  the  basal  branches  of  the  radius,  the  regularity  of  the  inner 
series  of  gradate  veiidets,  as  well  as  the  structure  of  the  cubital  region. 
The  two  Tertiary  species,  however,  agree  togetlier,  and  disagree  with  living 
types  in  tlic  simple  character  of  the  costal  nervules,  the  much  smaller  num- 
ber of  sectors,  and  the  fiiaracfer  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  where  the 
sectorial  interspaces  arc  re:.ni1ar  ami  i)roken  by  few  and  irregularly  scattered 
cross-veins,  instead  of  Iteiug  so  iiumerously  supjjlied  as  to  break  up  the  field 
into  an  almost  unit^iriu  and  minute  reticulation.  The  two  fossil  species 
Would  therefore  appesir  to  form  a  section  apart.     (September,  1883.) 

OSMYLIIS    REQlTIETUS. 

ri.  14,  Fijrs.  ;j.  8. 

Three  specimetij^.  tsvoof  them  witii  their  counterparts,  have  been  found, 
in  which  the  wings  are  |»articidariv  well  preserved,  and  in  which  something 
also  can  be  made  out  of  the  Im»i4v  atw4  the  antenna'.     The  body  is  of  the 

usual  form,  the  .slender  aiitenna   JM^r  ;i it  tlie  length  of  the  body,  composed 

of  niuititudinons  cvliiidrical,  >mootli  joint-.,  a  littU;  longer  than  broad  and 
peiii-ctlx'  e(|ii.d. 

Tlie  wings  are  verv  large,  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  reaching  only 
as  far  a*<  their  middle  when  «'losed,  and  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad, 
broad«sf  a  littU-  berond  the  middle.  Tliev  have  the  shape  of  those  of 
('hrv>op;i,  »',<•  costal  margin  l«ciiig  suddenly  curved  downward  ju.st  before 
tlic  rip  to  meet  tlic  upturned  cur\e  of  the  inner  margin,  which  is  bent  be- 
yond the  iiiiddic  of  the  wiuL;-  and  meets  the  costal  margin  below  the  middle 
of  the  rip  of  tlic  wing,  the  latter  barcK  angnlated;  besides,  however,  the 
costal  margin  is  a  little  expamit  d  near  the  base  :  the  costal  area,  broad  at 
the  itast;  and  made  a  little  more  so  b\   the  slight  defection  of  the  subcostal 


I 


NEUKOPTERA— PriANIPRNNIA— IIEMEROIUNA. 


163 


1 


vein  necar  tlie  base  and  opposite  the  expansion  of  the  costal  margin,  narrows 
very  gradually  towards  the  apex,  and  by  the  deflection  of  the  subcostal  vein 
next  the  tip  is  carried  to  the  very  angulation  at  the  apex,  filled  throughout 
with  very  numerous,  oblicpie,  straight,  and  simple  cross-veins.     The  radius 
runs  in  exceedingly  close  proximity  to  the  subcosta  until  the  margin  begins 
to  curve  decidedly  downward,  when  it  unites  with  it.     I  have  not  been  able 
to  detect  certainly  any  basal  or  other  cross-vein  between  the  two,  though 
there  are  in  some  specimens  slight  indications  of  what  may  be  one  near  the 
origin  of  the  main  sector ;  they  certainly  do  not  occur  elsewhere.     The  main 
sector  originates  from  the  radius  near  the  base  of  the  wing,  runs  near  to  and 
parallel  with  it  to  the  apex,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  many  (eight  or  nine) 
cross-veins  ;  from  it  arise  eight  or  nine  parallel,  oblicpie,  and  nearly  straight 
sectors,  making  in  all  about  a  dozen  series  of  equal  oblique  interspaces  in 
the  wing,  broken  in  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  by  a  couple  of  series  of 
gradate  veinlets,  the  outer  not  very  far  removed  from  the  posterior  margin 
and  subparallel  to  it,  finally  merging  in  one  of  the  basal  branches  of  the 
radius,  and  from  which  spring  the  marginal  veinlets  wiiicli  are  usually  deli- 
cately forked  at  the  very  border  ;  the  inner  row  is  parallel  to  the  outer  and 
about  as  far  from  it  as  it  is  from  the  margin.     Witliin  this  the  interspaces 
are  broken  by  a  dozen  or  more  irregularly  scattered  rather  distant  cross- 
veins,  nnu'li  asin  Osm.  ])ictus()f  tlie  Prussian  amber,  but  very  different  in- 
deed from  the  living  types  of  the  genus,  as  already  stated  under  the  genus. 
The  margins  >f  the  wings  are  spai'sely  furnished  with  delicate  hairs,  and 
similar  liairs  may  be  seen  on  some  of  the  veins,  es))ecially  near  the  margins, 
but  at  great  distances,  or  fartiier  apart  tiian  the  length  of  the  hairs.     The 
hind  wing  does  not  differ  essentially  from  the  front  wing,  excepting  in  the 
width  of  the  costal  area. 

Length  of  body,  !).75""";  of  antennte,  10""";  of  front  wing,  i:..;?;')"'"' ; 
breadth  of  same,  5.35"'"'. 

Florissant.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  8839,  13012  and  135.'57,  13538  and 
141()8. 

BOTHROMICROMUS  Scudder. 

UolliroiiiirroiiuiH  .ScmM.,  lli'i).  (jciil.  .Siirv.  Ciiii.,  lH7(i-'77,  -IllJ  (1S78). 

"^riiis  genus  agrees  with  Micromus  in  lacking  the  recurrent  vein  above 
the  costal  vein  next  the  base  of  the  front  wing,  and  differs  from  it  in  the  very 
wide  expansion  of  the  costal  area  at  this  point  and  in   the  possession  of 


-8 

u 
it 
fi 


1G4 


TEltTIAUY  INSI-]CTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


^' 


i 


numerous  sectors.  In  these  respects  it  agrees  with  Drepanepteryx,  but  the 
wing  is  not  fiilcute,  and  notwithstanding  the  wide  expanse  of  the  costal  area 
the  recurrent  nervtile  is  wanting,  all  the  veinlets  of  tliis  area  arising  next 
tlie  base,  as  elsewhere,  from  the  subcosta.  The  wing  is  shaped  much  as  in 
Megalonnis,  to  which,  inch^ed,  it  is  closely  allied,  being  broad  at  the  base, 
very  gradually  increasing  in  width  aj»ically,  the  extremity  rounded,  with 
no  abrupt  emargination  or  falcation,  l)ut  with  ihe  inner  angle  strongly  ex- 
cised. At  the  base  the  costal  area  is  nearly  as  broad  as  the  remainder  of  the 
wing;  the  costal  veinlets  are  all  furcate  and  apparently  connected,  much  as 
in  Drepanepteryx,  Ijy  a  single  line  of  inosculating  veinlets,  dividing  the  area 
in  two  nearly  e(pial  longitudinal  halves.  The  costa  and  subcosta  run  side 
by  side  in  the  closest  proximity,  but  are  apparently  separated  to  the  apex. 
Sectors  extremely  numerous,  with  a  single  cou)plete  series  of  gradate  vein- 
lets  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  another,  apparently  crossing  only  the 
lower  half  of  liie  wing,  jnore  than  half-wa}-  between  this  and  the  outer 
nuirjjin  :  veins  and  margins  verv  shortlv  ciliat<'d. 

The  gejuis  also  seems  peculiar  in  the  structure  of  the  maxillary  palpi, 
the  basal  joint  of  which  is  half  as  broad  again  as  long  ;  the  second  and  thii'd 
joints  subequal,  moniliform  ;  the  fourth  aj)parently  oidy  half  as  broad  as 
the  previous,  but  of  ecpial  length,  and  the  termimd  again  slenderer,  but 
twice  as  long,  being  conical,  pointed,  and  unarmed,  while  the  others  are 
furnished  on  the  aj)ical  half  with  scattered  seta*.  Antenna*  submoniliform, 
the  joints  near  the  base  of  e(pud  length  and  breadth,  the  basal  joint  double 
the  width  of  the  others  ;  no  hairs  can  be  seen  upon  the  antennal  joints. 

IJoTHRO.MICROMr.S    LACHLANI. 

PI.  2,  VigH.  7-10. 

Bolhromieromus  lachlaui  Scitdd.,  Ki-p.  (ieol.  Siirv.  Cni>.,  187(>-'77,  4(12-463  (1878). 

One  front  wing  and  a  part  of  the  head  with  its  appendages  are  pre- 
served on  No.  ;i6,  with  a  pale,  browni.sh  tint  to  the  wing,  while  the  reverse, 
on  No.  37,  is  wholly  colorless.  The  only  parts  of  the  head  preserved  are 
one  eye  and  a  portion  of  the  other,  indicated  by  a  broad,  black,  annular 
ring;  also  a  few  of  the  basal  joints  of  the  antenna-,  and  both  maxillary 
palpi,  crossing  each  other  ami  detached  irom  tin;  head.  'Hie  wing  is  strongly 
expandeil  at  the  extreme  costal  base;  beyond  this  the  co.stal  border  is 
straight,  with  a  scarcely  percej)th  'e  emargination  nearl}  to  the  tip.     The 


NEUliOrTEUA— I'LANiriiNNlA— UKMEliOUlNA. 


165 


inner  margin  ia  almost  equally  straight,  but  faintly  convex.     The  extreme 
tip  of  the  wing  falls  in  the  middle  of  the  upper  half;  below  it  the  wing  is 
strongly  excised,  but  well  rounded  at  the  tip  and  lower  outer  angle.     The 
shape  of  the  wing,  therefore,  resembles  closely  that  of  Micromus  hirtus  of 
Europe.     The  cubitals  are,  if  anything,  more  numerous  than  the  veinlets  of 
the  costal  area,  and  beyond  the  origin  of  the  anterior  cubital  vein  ten  origi- 
nate from  the  subcosta  itself  in  the  basal  half  of  the  wing.     The  iirst  and 
second  of  these  fork  and  subdivide  several  times  before  rea.    iWi;  the  mar- 
gin, or  even  long  before  reaching  the  first  series  of  gradate  veinlets,  while 
the  third  to  the  ninth  are  simple,  either  (^uite  or  almost  as  far  as  tlio  very 
margin.     The  tenth  again  forks  close  to  its  origin,  and  the  outer  sectors 
originate  from  its  upper  branch,  which  is  connected  with  the  costa  by  infre- 
quent cross-nervules.     The  wing  is  of  a  pale  woodbrown  color,  the  veins 
margined  with  a  line  of  dull,  pale  yellow,  and  the  darker  brown  of  the  inter- 
spaces broken  frequently  by  a  slightly  paler  tint,  so  as  to  give  the  wing  a 
minutely  blotched  appearance,  only  visible  under  the  lens.     The  two  series 
of  gradate  veinlets  are  again  accompanied  by  a  slightly  darker  tint,  giving 
the  wing  the  api)earance  of  being  crossed  by  two  oblique,  d-isky  lines.    All 
the  margins  are  miiuitely  and  sparingly  ciliated,  and  similar  black,  rather 
distant  hairs  are  scattered  indiscriminately  over  the  wing,  lioth  upon  the 
membrane  and  veins,  but  sliowing  a  certain  tendency  to  follow  the  course 
of  the  latter.     At  the  extreme  lower  base  of  the  wing  they  are  seen  to  have 
their  origin  from  minute  papilhe,  less  than  one  hundredth  of  a  millimeter  in 
diameter,  and  averaging  a  twentieth  of  a  millimeter  apart 

Length  of  wing,  9.5""" ;  greatest  breadth,  4.25"'"' ;  l>readth  at  base,  3""°; 
diameter  of  eye,  0.45""" ;  length  of  joints  of  antenme  near  base,  0.09"'™ ; 
of  middle  joints  of  maxillary  palpi,  0.075""" ;    length  of  maxillary  jjalpi, 

0.4""". 

Named  for  R.  McLachlan,  Esq ,  the  distinguished  English  neuropter- 

ologist. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  Collected  by  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson,  Nos.  36 
and  37  of  the  collection. 

Subfamily   CHKYSOPID^E    Brauer. 

Although  species  referred  to  Chrysopa  are  mentioned  by  Andril  from 
the  rocks  of  Thalheim,  and  by  Berendt  in  amber,  the  figure  given  by  the 
former  and  the  study  by  Hagen  of  the  material  in  the  hands  of  the  latter 


166 


TKHTIAin'  IXSKCTS  Ol'  NOHTH  AMKUMCA. 


render  it  iiioro  tliiin  ]»r()l)aIiIo  tliiit  no  Chrysopida'  are  yet  known  from  the 
Knn)|»(';ui  'rcrtiiirics.  It  is  tluTct'orc  nil  tlio  nutre  intorestinj.'-  that  we  tinci 
at  Florissant  f'onr  spi-cics  of  this  oroiip  referable  to  two  genera  liitherto  nn- 
known.     (<  )clolH'r,  ISS."}."* 

The  ;ienera  may  be  separaiu;!  b\-  tin   f,.!l>nvinjf  tabh;: 

Tahli'  III'  lliv  yt'iiira  of  Clni/iiopiilii, 

I'lipcr  ciibitiil  vnin  of  fiunt  wiiij;  iliiiMl,  lionliTdd  liy  cuiMiiiiialivrly  uiiirnriii  tiills 1.   I'alivochrynrt. 

I'piiiT  ciiliiliil  vein  i<r  Iront  wiii^  (luiilily  l)i'iit  in  thi'  iniilillc,  lidnli'ri'cl  \i\  very  iinfc|iiul  rclls. 

'J.   TiihiiehryM. 

1.  PAIJCOCIIKVSA  gen.  nov.  {TrnXan^,  z^>'^''0. 

The  only  materials  for  estaljlishing-  this  geiins  are  the  wings,  the 
strni'tnre  of  which  does  not  Record  with  any  known  living  or  extinct  tyj)e. 
The  shajie  of  the  wings  is  nmch  as  in  Chrysopa,  and  they  are  apicallv 
roniided  :  the  costal  area  of  the  front  wings,  narrow  at  b«st',  rapidly  e.\- 
j)ands  and  then  diminishes,  being  broadest  within  the  basal  fourth  «)f  the 
wing.  Jiy  the  apical  union  of  the  costal  an  1  subcostal  veins  the  area 
terminates  some  distance  before  the  ape.x  of  tlu;  wings,  as  in  Hypochrvsa. 
The  cubital  area  is  unusualiv  broad,  the  anterior  cubital  vein  runniiiji' 
through  the  very  middle  of  the  wing,  and  the  posterior  cubital  rather  nearer 
the  margin  than  to  the  anterior  cubital,  b(.»!i  continuing  to  the  ape.x  of  the 
wing:  in  consequein-e  of  this  and  of  the  preseuccf  of  only  a  single  sector  of 
the  radius  there  are  no  transverse  series  of  gradate  veinlets  whatever,  but 
the  secondary  socttrs  are  to  be  looked  on  as  cros.s-veinlets  uniting  the  i)rin- 
cipal  longitudinal  veins;  oiu«  of  the  biisal  cubital  cellules  of  the  anterior 
wings  is  divided  nearly  e(puilly,  as  in  Nothocluysa. 

It  is  ditlicult,  ]ierhaps,  to  sfiy  to  which  one  of  the  modern  genera  it  is 
most  nearly  allied,  but  it  appears  to  resemble  Hypochrysa  as  do.sely  as  unv, 
though  it  agrees  much  more  with  the  fossil  genus  Tribochrv.sa  described 
bevond,  where  the  distinctions  between  the  two  are  pointed  out. 

l'.\l..l.o(  MKY.SA  .STKKTA. 
IM.  II,  Kijis.  l.'J,  11. 

Little  besides  the  wings  can  be  made  out  in  the  single  specimen  with 
its  counterpai't  which  icpresents  this  species.  The  iront  wings  are  a  little 
more  than  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad;  the  costal  margin,  ex- 
panded a  little  near  the  base,  is  beyond  that  straight  until  it  slopes  down- 


J 


JiEUUOPTKUA— rLANll'KNNlA— UBMKKOHINA. 


167 


ward  to  form  the  well-rounded  tip;  the  lower  marfrin  is  rounded  and  lull, 
especially  away  from  the  base,  uiakiM<r  the  wiuj;-  broadest  beyond  the 
middle.  The  hind  winys  are  slenderer  or  about  three  and  a  'lalf  times 
loiifjer  than  broad,  l)roadest  in  the  middle,  the  lower  margin  being  uni- 
formly rounded,  while  the  costal  margin,  not  expanded  at  the  base,  is 
straight  tln-oughout  to  the  apical  fourth,  where  the  wing  tapers  considerably 
on  both  sides,  being  subacuminate,  thougii  the  extreme  apex  is  well  rounded. 
The  neuration,  at  least  below  the  radius,  is  essentially  the  same  in  both 
wings,  but  next  the  costal  margin  differs  considerably.  In  the  front  wings 
the  subcostal  vein  terminates  on  the  costa  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
apical  half  of  the  wing,  and  is  comiectod  with  the  distant  arci.ing  costa  by 
seventeen  or  eighteen  cross-veins,  the  proximal  oncis  of  which  are  trans- 
verse, the  distal  somewhat  oblicjue ;  the  radius  runs  close  and  ])arallel  to 
the  subcosta  throughout  the  course  of  the  latter,  and  thereafter  at  a  similar 
distance  from  aiul  parallel  to  the  curve  of  the  margin,  as  far  as  the  very  apex 
of  the  wing,  connected  nowhere  to  the  veins  above  by  cross- veins.  In  the 
hind  wings  the  radius  and  subcosta  are  so  closely  united  as  to  be  nearly 
connected,  and  are  so  represented  on  the  plate,  and  terminate  togetlier,  ap- 
parently a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing;  as  in 
the  front  wings,  the  subcosta  is  connected  by  cross-veins  to  the  proxinuite, 
straight  costa.  There  is  a  single  sector  which  springs  from  the  radius  a 
little  before  tlie  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wing  in  the  front  wings 
(nearer  the  base  in  the  liind  wings)  and  runs  i  lidway  between  the  radius 
and  the  upper  cubital  in  a  regular  zigzag;  the  cells,  thirteen  or  fourteen  in 
luimber,  formed  by  the  cross-veins  between  the  sector  and  the  radius,  as 
well  as  all  those  below,  are  broader  than  long  and  toleral)ly  regular.  The 
upper  cubital  vein  courses  regularly  through  the  mitldle  of  the  wing,  and  in 
its  basal  half,  at  least  in  the  front  wing,  is  nearly  straight,  while  apically  it 
is  noticeably  zigzag,  termiiuiting  in  the  sector  of  the  radius  just  before  the 
tij)  of  the  wing.  The  lower  cubital  vein  runs  in  a  uniform  course  rather 
nearer  the  margin  than  the  upper  cubital  vein,  subparallel  to  the  former, 
and  is  irregularly  straight  or  zigzag,  and  also  joins  the  sector  of  the  radius 
or  terminates  against  an  apical  cell  at  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  between  the  two 
cubital  veins  one  of  the  basal  cells  is  divided  longitudinally  into  two  nearly 
equal  cells,  as  in  the  genus  Nothochrysa  (but  which  is  not  represented  on 
the  plate  as  it  should  be),  where  the  obli(^ue  vein  appears  on  the  upper  wing ; 


168 


TKUTIAIJY  lN«i;(Vrs  Ol-'  NOIiTII  AMHUK'A. 


tlu*  iimrjjiiial  iktviiIcs  urn  «itin»'tiinos  Himplo  iiinl  striiiji'lit,  soiii(*tinui«  ln'oivdly 
furkt'd,  and  tlillcr  on  opposite  n'iiijjfs.  'I'lio  vt-iii  liclow  the  lower  ciilutiil, 
ciilletl  postcoital  liy  Mt'Laehlaii,  terminates  altniptly  on  the  hinder  niarj^in, 
opposite  the  oriy^in  of  the  seetor  of  the  radius. 

Lenjfth  of  tore  wind's,  15.7."i""";  lireadth,  "i.l""";  len^jfli  of  hind  win^^s, 
If)""";  breadth.  t,2 

Tile  fonr  win^^s  of  this  snecinien  are  .«o  overlaid  l>y  one  iinother  a>  to 
make  a  medley  of  veins  which  are  very  ditlicult  to  disentan;ile  and  inter- 
pret. It  was  kin<lly  plioto<;raphed  for  nie  l»y  .Mi'.  Sainnel  Well-,  of  Huston; 
the  lines  of  ea(di  win^r  on  tin-  photo;iraph  were  then  traced  separately,  and 
from  these  tracinj,'s  till' (Ira \viii;;s  on  the  plate  were  made;  these  I  believe 
to  be  true  representations  of  the  win;fs  with  the  exception  of  the  doiilde 
cubital  cell  of  both  wind's  and  the  cross-veins  nf  the  costal  area  of  tin  hind 
wiiij^,  which  are  not  shown  ;  the  lower  half  of  each  wiii^i'.  lu»wever,  is  more 
liiiblo  to  misinterpr(>tation  than  the  upper. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Xo-^    '  7!IH  and  7.">4o. 

•J.   'riilHOCllUVSA  -en.  iinv.  (rf)ifir,\  xpvad?). 

This  genus,  clearly  allied  t(»  I'alaoeliivsa,  and  with  it  apparently  a 
forerunner  of  l[\poclir\sa,  is  represented  bv  sevori  !  species  in  the  Amer- 
ican 'I'ertiaries,  which  are  nnconiiiioiilv  well  preserved.  tli(iii;;h  the  wiiij^s 
are  rhe  only  parts  which  are  present  mi  all  the  specimens;  and  it  is  there- 
fore mainly  upon  these  that  the  Licnns  is  founded  The  In  id  is  nearly 
twice  as  broad  as  lon^^  tlie  front  protnliirant,  rounded,  and  entire,  the  basal 
joint  of  the  anteniiic  stout,  bullions.  >c.iicel\  ioniser  than  l»i"oad.  twice  the 
diameter  of  the  stalk,  the  latter  nearly  as  Ion;,'-  ii-  i>r  even  longer  than  the 
})ody.  slender,  delii-atelv  tapering,  conipnsed  of  simple,  cylindrical,  appar- 
ently naked  joints  twice  as  l-mg  as  broad.  The  thorax  is  stout,  the  j)rotli<>- 
ra.x  broader  than  long,  tapering  anteriorly,  otherwise  snliipnidrat*'.  The 
legs  are  slemler.  The  wings  extend  far  be\  oiid  the  liody,  and  are  of  the 
same  form  as  in  ( 'hrysopa,  the  tip  rounded  or  faintly  subacuminate ;  in 
neuratioii  they  resemble  <doselv  those  of  FaheotdirNsa,  but  ililVer  from  it  in 
one  striking  leiiture.  and  in  this  approach  more  modern  t\  |ies  like  Notho- 
chrvsa.  In  I'aheochrysa  the  ujiper  cubital  vein  runs  in  a  slightly  zigzag 
course  through  the  middle  of  the  wing  in  a  regulai',  gentle  curve  uearlv 
eipiidistant  from  the  costal  and  inner  margin,  and  terminates  at  the  apex  of 
the  wings,  no  transver.se  series  of  y-radate  veinlets  King  between  it  and  the 


NKlJKOI'TKItA-I'LANll'KNNIA-HKMKIJOIUNA. 


160 


l)iimary  Hector,     fii  NittliochiyKM  It  runs  in  ;i  |KM-tcH'-tly  stmi^lit  ("muno  ii 
littlo  below  tlic  miiMlo  of  tli(t  sviii;;.  luit   Iii^rlu'V  liiiiii  in  (Musxnpii,  ilircited 
'toward  Imt  imt  distiiu'tly  ruacluii;^  tlic  middli    of  tliu  oiitvi' liiilt  of  tlio  litwor 
iiiiuxi'i  »d"  the  wiiifjc,  and  siipportiii;,'  tin-  loui-r  proxi  mil  I'lid  of  oiio  InuiH- 
verxe  !*«*rics  of  jfriidatu  veiidotf*  ln'twouii  it  und  tlw   |)iiiUMry  Hcctor.     lii  'IVi- 
lt(»(',liryH!i  it  niiiis  in  a  duddodly  /Ai^av^  eourse,  in  tlio  wuiio  gonond  direction 
lis  in  NolliodiryHii  in  itn  proxiuiid  lialf,  iiiid  tlion  Hhiftft  Hiiddeidy  to  alii^lior 
luvul  and  follovvrt  tlierciaftcM-  a  zij^za;;'  dircnrtion  ntjarly  paiallel  to  the  coxta, 
thron;,di  tiie  very  middle  of  the  wiii^',   joiniM}>',  that  is,  the  traiisversf  seriiM 
of  <4radate  veinlets  and  inakinj,^  them  a  part  t»f  itself.    Triltochrysa  further 
dilVersfrom  Nolhoclny.sauiid  a^trees  wifli  I'alii'oi'hiysa  in  the  slender  nmnlx-r 
of  secondary  sectors  or  ohlirpU3  ciHws-veins,  no  that  tho  cella  are  larger  and 
less  elonf^ated  than  in  Nothochrysa  and  (Mnysopa,  standiiiyf  thus  at  a  wiiler 
distance  from  IIem(!rol)ius.     The  result  of  this  movement  of  the  tu'st  cubital 
vein  is  usiudly  a  strikin;^-  iueipiaiity  of  the  cells  on  either  side  of  it,  in  con- 
trast to  their  uniformity  in   I'aheochrysa.     There  is  here,  therefore,  as  in 
I'aheochrysa,  no  transverse  series  of  yradate  veiidi^ts  in  the  proper  sense,  as 
both  series  are  directly  united   with  the  two  culiital  veins.     A  sonuiwhat 
similar  arraii;;<'ment  may  be  seen  in  Nothochrysa  fulviceps,  althoii^ii  that 
sj)ecies  ditfeis  fnan  thesi;  more  widely  than  most  of  its  allies  in  the  midti- 
pHcity  of  its  secondarv  sectors.     The  same  double  cubital  cell  occurs  beloW- 
the  second  subradial  cell  as  is  found  in  Nothochrysa  and  i'aheochrysa 

Tile  species  [ilaced  here  seem  to  fall  into  two  groups,  one  of  the  spe(;ies 
dltVerinii'  from  the  others  in  being  of  a  coMsideral)lv  laiger  size,  having  its 
tirst  cubital  \('in  originate  diret^tly  from  tho  radius,  the  proximal  cells 
which  lie  above  it  less  elongated  fhan  in  the  other  species,  and  the  upper 
(double)  cubital  cell  (piadrangular. 

Tiihle  of  the  »j)ede»  of  Tribochr^ta. 

Liirm'  Hiii'ciis.  First  ctiljital  vein  arising  .lircctly  from  the  radius:  llrst  tiixiisviirw  vein  coiiui'rtiii)? 
radiiin  ami  first  ciiliilal  viiii  l.viiit;  in  iliriit  cimtiimatiDU  of  tlu'iTiiHs-vriii  liosiiif;  tlu'  iiroxiiual 
I'liil  of  tlio  ilonlilc  ciiliiliii  cell,  makiiij;  tin-  ii|i|(ur,  as  well  as  tlic^  lowci'.  cell  iiiia(lraii},'iilar. 

I.  T.  vrluxiiila. 

Siiiallur  H|>eeieH.     I'irsi  cul>ita!  vinii  arisiiij;  fimii  a  liasal  eross-veiii   luiitiny  tlie  railiiis  ami  second 

eiiliital  vein ;  lirst  transverse  vein  coniieitinK  radius  ami  lirsi  .  iil>ital  vein  strikiiin  the  upper 

iiiar;;in  of  the  double  cubital  cell,  iiiakiii;;  the  upiier  I'ell  iieni.i^joual,  while  the  lower  remains 

i|uadran<;nlar. 

Elongated  proximal  cells  between  the  maiu  sector         lie  radius  and  the  lirst  cubital  vein,  four  in 

niuulier,  followed  by  half  a  (h>/,en  cells  of  suIh        .1  dlauieters 'i.  T.  iiwinalis. 

Klonj;ate(l  proxinials  cells,  as  above,  I  liree  in  number,  followed  by  live  cells  of  subequal  iliamoti^rs. 

;i.  7'.  flrmuta. 


170 


TKKTIAin    INSi:«TS  Ol"  NOK'TII   AMKKICA. 


1.  'I'KiHitciiKVHA  vivrrscii.A. 

I'l.    I  I.    I'iK.  i». 

'I'lio  stone  on  wliitli  tlio  siiiy;!*)  >i|u>ciiiu>ii  it'tV'iTod  lu're  occiirs  hits 
iinfoi'tiMiiitcly  l)ccii  broken  acrnss  t)it>  \vin;;s,  and  the  apinil  half  in  h)Ht ; 
othi'iwisc  ihf  spccinicn  woiihl  ho  nearly  perfect,  the  head,  tlionix,  ovch, 
and  antenna-  liein;;'  well  pn'sei'veil,  'i'lie  antenna'  arn  nnnsniilly  short, 
hcin^  a  little  shorter  than  the  IhhIv  and  in*n'e  taperhi<;  than  nsnal  in  this 
family.     The  heail  is  well  nnnidi'd,  tlio  oyes  neither  very  larf^o  nor  jM-omi- 


nent,  tiie  prothorax  taperni;;  a  little  iintenorly,  tlie  huU'a  a  little  arcuate, 
the  front  slightly  connive. 

()nlv  the  hiisal  half  of  the  wiii'^s  liein;;'  preserved,  little  can  he  said  of 
them,  hnt  the  costal  inar^nn  and  area  are  much  as  in  'V.  tirinata,  and  the 
lieuratioti  is  ,s(>  pecniiar  as  to  separate  the  species  readily  Iroin  the  others; 
there  ar»'  alunit  a  ilo/.eii  transvers*'  veins  in  the  costal  area;  the  transverse 
veins  iiiiitin}.''  the  radius  and  its  .sector  are  rather  inon*  niiineroiis  than  in 
the  other  species  of  the  ;;'eniis;  the  cross-vein  nnitin;;'  at  I ia.se  the  .sector 
and  the  first  cnhital  vein  strikes  the  latter  so  as  to  form  a  (*oiitiniiatioii  of 
the  vein  closiii;r  lia.sallv  the  (h)iihle  cnhital  cell :  the  upper  of  these  two 
cells  is  scarcely  smaller  than  the  lower;  the  upper  cnhital  vein  arises 
directlv  from  the  radius  without  the  support  of  a  hasal  cross-vein;  and  the 
proximal  cells  hetweeii  the  sector  of  the  radius  and  the  upper  cnhital  waw 
are,  exceptint;  the  first  (which  is  of  irr«-}^ular  shape),  not  .so  disproportion- 
ntely  larjic  as  in  the  other  sju-cies,  hein;;  less  than  half  as  hioad  aj^aiti  .is 
lou;;',  aliont  as  l(»n<f  as  the  subradial  cells,  and  only  a  little  (d)lique,  dlffer- 
inj."-  ii  all  these  respects  from  hoth  the  other  species 

Length  of  hody  (estiiiiated).  12""":  of  head  and  thorax,  4. .'>"'"■ ; 
antenna',  11""":  leii^rth  of  wiii<fs  as  j)re.served,  9.5"'"' ;  probable  full  length, 
14'"'":   presumed  breadth,  4.:)""". 

Florissant,     One  specimen.  No.  11204. 


2,    TrIHO('HKV,SA    INKCiUALI.S. 

TrihovUryHa  ineiiuaUx  .Scmlil.,  Zittol,  Hamlli.  d.  I'alj'ont.,  I,  ii,  TT7,  Ki^.  '.HJ  (lss.">). 

The  single  specimen  referred  lii-re  has  all  the  wings  superiinjwsed  on 
one  another,  but  in  ad<liti(jn  a  portion  of  the  slender  antenna-  and  the  large 
globular  eyes  can  be  ,seen,  with  faint  traires  of  the  head,  thora.x,  and  abdomen. 


\ 


UKUKorXKUA— I'l.ANII'KNMA— IIKMKHOItlNA. 


171 


AlinOHt  till)  (Mitini  iKMii'ution  of  tlu'  iipin-r  \vinj(  ciiii  Ih'  luiidt*  out  ii«  wt;ll  an 
tlio  lowur  Imlf  of  timt  of  tin*  iindt-i'  win;; ;  thu  front  wiii;>'  is  tlirt'o  tiiiK^rt  iin 
loii^r'  iiH  broiid,  tho  contiil  intir^riii  iiiiifoniily  urcliud,  tlio  Imrtiil  c>.\|iHiiHioii 
fonniii;,''  only  a  n^gidar  part  of  tlio  riirvti :  tlu<  lowt'r  iiiar^nn  is  similarly 
curved  Itut  Mot  very  full,  tlio  winy'  lu-in;;'  broadest  nearly  as  tar  tint  as  the 
middle  of  the  ouli-r  half;  the  costal  area  is  not  vi-ry  broad  nor  une<|ual; 
thu  subcostal  vein  terminati's  at  tho  eml  of  the  middle  third  uf  the  win^,  and 
is  connected  with  the  costa  by  twelve  or  thirteen  cross-veins,  mostly  sliy:htly 
<)bli(|UO.  There  are  ten  subradiul  cells.  TIk)  upper  cultital  vein,  which 
springs  from  a  slaal  cross-vein  nnitin^r  the  radius  an<l  lower  (-ultital  vein,  in 
the  middle  of  its  course  and  somewhat  beyond  the  niitldle  of  the  win;;' shifts 
suddenly  to  a  hi;^'her  level  and  follows  thereafter  ti  direi^tion  nearly  paralhd 
to  the  costal,  instead  of,  as  before,  the  iinuu'  mar;;'in  ;  in  the  first  half  of  its 
course  it  runs  below  the  miildle  of  tin*  win;;,  in  the  latter  half  abovt^  it; 
conse(|Uently  the  four  cells  which  lie  between  its  proximal  half  and  tlu;  sui)- 
costa  are  very  nnich  elon;>'ated  subrhondxtidal  in  form,  the  first  subtrian;>'nlar, 
while  beyond  the  shift  they  are  somewhat  re;;ularly  h(^xa;><)nal ;  on  tho 
other  hand  tho  cubital  cells,  scarcely  lon;fer  than  broad  at  first,  boconio  in 
tho  outer  part  of  the  win;;'  twice  as  broad  as  Ion;>'  and  also  very  «>bli(pie. 
The  basal  cubital  cell  is  divided  lon;;'itU(linally  into  two  nnecpial  parallel 
cells,  the  upper  the  narrower;  the  cross-veins  next  the  low«'r  mar;''in  are 
simple  in  tin?  basal  half  of  tho  win;;,  simply  or  doulily  forked  on  the  distal 
half.  The  postcostal  terminates  abruptly  on  tho  hind  mar;;'in,  slightly  far- 
ther out  than  the  ori;''in  of  the  sector  of  the  radius,  and  is  connected  near  the 
apex  by  a  crctss-vein  which  is  the  coutinuaticm  of  that  closing  basallv  tho 
double  cubital  cell.  The  neuratiitn  of  the  hind  wing,  only  tho  lower  half  of 
which  is  preserved,  does  not  differ  from  that  of  tho  front  wing  in  the  slightest 
essential  |)articnlar. 

Thif'i  species  ditlers  fntm  T.  tirmata,  to  whiidi  it  is  dosel)'  allied,  by  its 
larger  .size,  the  gre.-iter  ninidter  of  cells  Ik'Iow  the  sector  (as  indicated  in  the 
table  of  the  species),  and  its  broader  costal  area. 

Length  of  1  tody,  11""";  t)f  front  wing,  14.7")"'"';  breadth  of  same,  4.8"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  IW'2. 


172 


TEUTIAKV  INSHCTS  OF  >'ORTll  AMBUICA. 


3.  Triuochkysa  firmata. 

PI.  U,  Fifis.  «,  7,  10,  11. 

Two  specimens  are  at  liaiitl,  each  in  .v  pretty  good  state  of  i)ieservatioii, 
showing-  Iiead  and  antenna',  the  body  and  wing's,  the  hitter  generally  some- 
what contused  In  overlapping  or  folding.  The  head  is  rather  small  as  com- 
pared with  the  thorax,  and  '.veil  rounded,  with  moderately  prominent  eyes, 
and  antenna-  a  fourth  longv  than  the  body  ;  the  prothorr^x  is  also  rather 
slender,  tapering  considerably,  and  about  as  long  as  its  posterior  breadth. 
The  thorax  is  stout  and  the  al)domeii  half  as  long  again  as  the  head  and 
tiiorax.  The  wings  are  about  thi't  e  times  as  long  as  broad,  broadest  in  the 
middle  of  the  distal  half,  the  co.stal  margin  pretty  straight  in  the  middle, 
rather  rapidly  sloping  basally,  and  very  rapidly  curviiig  almost  bending 
downward  apiia.ly,  the  apical  margin  rounded,  subacnminate,  the  apex 
rather  below  the  middle  :  the  inner  margin  is  regularly  and  gently  curved. 
The  subcostal  vein  joins  the  costal  (not  shown  on  plate)  a  little  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  distal  half  of  the  wing,  and  the  costal  area  thus  formed  is  occu- 
j)ied  by  about  a  dozen  or  more  straight  cros.s-veins ;  there  are  only  eight  or 
liine  subradial  cells,  and  the  cells  in  the  .series  below  thi.s,  while  agreeing  in 
general  character  with  tliose  of  "^1".  ine(jualis,  are  less  numerous  than  there, 
there  being  only  three  elongated  cells  directly  beneath  the  sector  of  the 
radius  and  oidy  live  e(piiaxial  cells  in  the  same  series  beyond  them. 

The  two  specimens  show  very  little  ditierence  excepting  in  size,  though 
on  that  account  they  were  at  first  presuujed  to  be  distinct. 

Length  of  ijody,  S.o-T.To""" :  of  antenna',  9.ri-10.5"""  (in  the  larger 
specimen  iH»  doubt  imi)erfect) :  breadth  of  head,  1-(».S">""" ;  of  thorax,  !.(>- 
1.")™'";  lengtli  of  fore  wing,  11.2.")-9.7r)""" ;  breadth  of  same,  .•J.Ho-a.-if)"'™. 

Floris.sant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  670,  87'J2. 


m 


Family  PANORPID^  Stephens. 

If  the  Liassic  genus  Orthophlebia  is  to  be  referred  to  this  family,  tins 
group  must  have  Ijeen  as  abundant  in  Mesozoic  times  as  now.  Only  a  few 
Tertiary  specK's  are,  however,  known,  and  those  hitherto  described  have 
unspotted  wings  like  their  ancestors  of  the  secondary  epoch.  Three  species 
of  Bittacus  and  one  of  Panorpa  have  been  described  from  the  European 


NEUUUPTEKA— PLANll'ENNlA— l*ANOUl'lJ).K. 


173 


beds,  Jill  but  one  (a  Bittacns)  from  amber,  this  Bittacus,  the  only  relic  from 
Tertiary  roi-ks  in  P^uropc,  coming'  from  Radoboj. 

The  additions  \\(^  have  ii(!re  to  offer  are  of  some  interest.  Two  species 
have  been  found,  botli  of  which  have  heavily  spotted  win^s,  more  lieavily 
spotted  than  most  Iivin<»'  types ;  one  of  tlies(%  a  small  species,  is  referred  to 
Panorpa,  thoug-h  doubtfully,  as  it  differs  so  nnich  from  known  types;  the 
other  unquestionablv  belongs  to  a  distinct  genus  having  no  special  alliances 
with  any  known  forms,  liotli  conui  from  Florissant.  The  markings  of  one 
form  dark,  transverse  Ijaiids  on  dear  ground,  of  the  other  large,  roundish, 
pale  bloloi.i^s  on  a  dusky  ground.     (O('tol)er,  1883.) 

The  Florissant  genera  may  be  thus  distinguished: 

Table  of  the  yenera  <■/  Punorpitiii . 

Riiniiili'H  of  upper  briiiii;l>  of  riuliii"  '  .ierior  ;  inarkinjjs  cons'iHtiiijj;  of  lurpe  pale  Hpots  on  a  dark 
groinid   1.   Ilolcorjia. 

Rnmuli'M  of  upper  liraucli  oi  rai'.ii^  superioi  c  apu'al  ;  niarkiunN  cousistini;  of  dark  transver.se  liaiiiU 
on  a  olear  ;;round 2.  I'aiwipa. 

1.  IlOi.CORl'A   Scudder. 

IJolcorpa  Seudd.,  lin.'    II  S.  (ie(d.  (ieofjr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  :A(i-:A-i  (1878). 

This  '.iani(>'  is  proposed  for  a  genus  of  Panorpiihv,  nncpiestionably 
allied  to  Panorpit,  but  differing  remarkiil)ly  from  it  in  the  total  al)sence  of 
croas-nervules  in  the  wings,  excepting,  perluips,  at  the  base.  The  antenniu 
are  probably  not  very  long  (thev  are  not  completely  preserved  in  the  single 
specimen  studied),  taper  very  griulually  in  size,  are  composed  of  joints  only 
a  little  longer  than  broad,  not  in  the  least  degree  moniliforni.  and  furnished 
with  recumbent  hairs.  The  wings  are  no ,  .so  elongated  nor  so  slender  as 
in  Panorpa,  very  regularly  rounded,  both  pairs  similarly  formed,  the  hinder 
pair  shorter  than  the  front  pair,  as  in  Panorpji.  The  costa  is  thickened, 
the  subcosta  extends  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing-,  but  does  not  reach 
the  pterostigma;  the  radius  emits  a  superior  fork  near  the  base  of  the  wing-, 
which  strikes  the  pterostigma,  or,  rather,  which,  by  bending  downward 
and  then  upward,  forms  th(i  pterostigma  in  tlu^  middle  of  the  apical  third 
of  the  wing;  the  radius  again  forks  in  a  similar  maimer  still  far  before  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  the  upper  branch  emitting  three  })arallel,  equidistant, 
inferior  branchlets,  the  uppermost  close  to  the  margin  next  tiie  pterostigma, 
the  lowest  striking  the  apex  o:  the  wing;  the  lower  radial  branch  forks 

'  Tlie  n.inie  I  have  niven  nIiouIi'i  perhaps  he  written  Holehorpa;  hui  I  have  disregarded  the  aspi- 
rate, as  Linu6  did  in  euuslruel  iiig  I'liiorpa. 


174 


TKKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTll  AMKUIOA. 


below  the  mitUllo  bmnclilet  of  the  upper  nuliiil  briiiich.  All  these  veins, 
excepting  the  pterostignuitic.  termination  of  the  nppcrniost  brinich  of  the 
radial,  are  straijij'ht.  The  cnbitus  is  also  straij^lit  until  it  forks  a  litthi  before 
the  middle  of  the  wiii;^- ;  its  upper  braneh  is  a  little  eurveil,  and  divides  just 
below  the  forkinj^' of  the  lowest  radial  braneh  ;  its  lower  braneh  forks  almost 
innnedi;itel\ ,  emittin<2^  at  onee  three  veinlets,  the  middle  one  of  which  is 
nearly  contii.nons  with  tlu*  n^iin  stem,  the  others  curving'  in  opposite  senses 
on  either  si^le  of  it.  Below  this  the  veins  are  not  so  readily  determinable, 
and  their  description  i^  omitted  until  further  sj)eciniens  are  obtained ;  the 
only  variation  in  the  neuration  of  the  two  wings  consists  in  the  middle  fork 
of  the  lower  branch  of  the  cubitus,  wliicli,  in  the  hind  wii'g,  is  not  con- 
tinuous with  tli(»  main  stem,  l)nt  originates  a  very  little  beyond  tin;  others 
from  the  lower  foi'k.  The  legs  are  spinous  throughout ;  the  tibia- an^  also 
armed  at  the  tip  with  \-ery  long,  straight,  parallel  spurs,  and  the  tarsal 
joints  with  slioit  spurs.  The  abdonu'U  is  greatly  elongated,  the  first  four 
joints  sube([nal  and  nearly  as  bmad  as  the  slender  thorax,  but  as  a  whole 
tapering  slightly,  and  not  greatly  surpassed  by  the  wings,  the  following 
joints  greatly  attenuated,  the  ninth,  or  terminal  joint,  composing-  the  for- 
ceps, unfortunately  lost. 

A  fossil  species  referred  to  I'anorpa,  ai:d  figured  by  Ihodie'  from  the 
Purbeck  beds  of  Kngland  (I'anorpa  gracilis  (Jieb.),  is  veiy  small,  and  pos- 
siblv  '  av  '■  more  nearlv  related  to  Ilolcorpa  than  to  Panorpa,  for  while 
the  general  airangi-mcut  of  tlie  veins,  with  the  notable  exception  of  the 
cubital,  is  similar  to  what  is  found  in  Ilolcorpa  and  ver\  ditl'erent  fioin 
their  disposition  in  Panorpa,  no  cross-veins  whatever  can  l)e  traced,  'i'he 
figure,  however,  is  too  small,  coarsely  executed,  and  is  described  by  Gie- 
beP  as  supplied  abundantly  with  cross-veins!  It  certainly  is  not  in  my 
copy  of  Jirodie's  work 

IIoL(oi;i'.\  .MAcn.osA. 

I'l.  14,  Fip.s.  4,  'j. 

Iltilniipii  miicitliiiKi  SlimIiI..  Hull.  1'.  S.  (iifil.  Surv.  IVrr.,  H',  .')4!j  (187-');  in  /illil,  HaiKlW.  d.  ritlii'ont., 

I,  ii,  778,  Kij,'.  itS4(IHS,-.). 

A  single  specimen  with  beautifully  preserved  wings  ami  fragnuuits  of 
the  rest  <if  tiie  body.  Tlw,  antenna'  (which  are  not  fnlly  preserved)  appear 
to  have  been  more  tlian  half  as  long  as  the  wings,  the  middN*  joints  0.17""" 

'  I'osH.  Ins.  Scr.  I{i>iks  KiikI..  pi.  .'i,  Ii;;.  IS.  •'  Ins,  ilii  \'iii\v.,  •J.'iS. 


i 


NEUKOl'TEBA— PLANIPENNIA— PANORlMDJi. 


175 


long  and  O.U"'"'  broad.     The  wings  are  less  than  three  tiraes  as  long  as 

broad,  and  very  regularly  rounded  ;  the  (postal  vein  (especially  on  the  front 

wing)  is  thickened  and  covered  with  cl.)sely  clustered,  minute,  spinous 

hairs,  and  similar  black  hairs  follow  in  a  single  row  the  base  of  the  radial 

and  cubital  veins.     The  wings  are  very  dark,  with  large  white  or  pale  spots, 

of  which  three  are  most  conspicuous,  occurring  similarly  on  all  the  v.uki-s. 

One,  of  a  subquadrate  or  subovate  form,  broader  than  long,  lies  scarcely 

beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  extending  from  the  costa  to  the  upper  branch 

of  the  cubital  vein  ;  another,  nearly  as  large  and  similar  in  form,  is  subapi- 

cal,  extending  from  just  beyond  the  last  fork  of  the  upper  branch  of  the 

radial  vein  to  or  just  beyond  the  upper  fork  of  the  lowest  branch  of  the 

same ;  a  third,  smaller,  transversely  oval  sjmt,  lies  next  the  inner  border, 

below  and  a  little  outside  the  first  mentioned,  being  situated  just  beneath 

the  forking  of  the  upper  branch  of  the  cubital  vein  ;  there  is  also  more  or 

less  pale  domliness  about  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  and  white  flecks  may 

be  seen  at  viu-ious  points  near  the  tip,  especially  below  the  subapical  spot. 

The  abdomen  resembles  souiewhat  that  of  the  remarkable  Panorpa  nemato- 

gaster  M'Lachl.  fVom  Java,  where  it  is  greatly  elongated,  and  possesses  a 

curious  appendage  to  the  third  joint.     In  the  fossil  species,  the  first  three 

joints,  tak.^n  together,  taper  gradually  and  slightly,  and  the  third  may  have 

had  a  peculiar  api)endage  at  its  tip,  as  the  edge  is  not  entire,  but  appears 

deeply  excavated  in   tln^  middle,  possibly  due,  however,  to  its  imperfect 

preservation ;  the  basal  half  of  the  fourth  joint  partakes  of  the  tapering  of 

the  abdomen,  but  its  apical  half  is  swollen  and  its  hiiul  margin  broadly 

rounded ;  the  fifth  and  sixth  joints  are  a  little  longer  and  nuich  slenderer 

than  the  preceding,  sube(puil  nnd  cylindrical ;  the  fifth  depressed  on  either 

side  at  the  base  by  a  pair  of  fovea; ;  the  seventh  again  nuu-li  smaller,  linear 

or  not  half  the  width  of  the  sixth,  increasing  slightly  in  sizt;  apicallv;  the 

eighth  as  large  at  base  as  the  seventh  at  tip,  enlarging  slightly  apically,  and 

all  the  joints  together  half  as  long  again  as  the  wings.     Most  unfortunately, 

the  apical  joint  is  lost.     The  specimen  is  evidently  a  male. 

Length  of  insect  (excluding  claw  of  abdomen),  30""" ;  of  abdomen  (ex- 
cliulingclaw),2:r""';  of  front  wing,  18""";  breadth  of  same,  5  o""";  length  of 
hind  wing,  10.5""";  breadth  of  same,  fV""' ;  length  of  (fore  or  middle)  tibial 
spurs,  1""";  of  one  of  the  (hind?)  tarsal  joints,  1.2""". 
Flori.ssant.     One  specimen,  No.  03. 


176 


TEUTIAUV  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.  I'ANOHPA  Liiim^. 


A  siii^'lt'  species  (if  tliis  i^cims  li;is  been  discovered  in  the  Tertiaries  of 
Europe  (aiiil)er)  and  wo  add  another  from  the  Florissant  beds.  The  former 
has  the  wings  of  a  nnil'orm  ash-jir.iy.  'Vlw  wiiij^s  of  the  hitter  are  heavily 
banded,  very  much  more  heavily  tJiaii  in  most  modern  types.  The  Hving 
representativi's  of  this  ^■•('uiis  lu-hm;;-  to  the  northern  hemisphere,  and  in  our 
own  conntry  range  from  Canaihi  to  Mexico,  so  tliat  the  presence  of  the 
geiins  at  Fhiri.ssant  hns  no  particidar  meaning. 

Paxoki'a  kkuda. 

The  single  specimen  belonging  here  shows  the  tapering,  attenuated 
abdomen  of  n  female  with  the  larger  part  of  most  of  tin*  wings,  of  which 
only  the  front  pair  are  preserved  in  any  recognizable  manner.  These  show 
the  nenr;it!i>n  toleraliK'  well,  and  it  .agrees  lietter  with  th(;  lixing  I'anoi'pa 
than  with  the  contempor.nieous  Holcoipa  :  iiiit  tiie  snbcosta  is  nnnsnallv 
short,  reaciiing  jnst  to  tlie  middle  of  the  wing,  an<l  the  cidss- veins  are  ftMV 
in  nniiihi  ••.  Tlie  wing  is  traversed  \>\  rather  narrow  tr.iiisverse  behs  of  a 
(hirk  coh)r,  on  a  (dear  gi'oniid,  placed  at  (Mpiidistant  intervals,  liesi(h's  hav- 
ing the  entire  apex  of  tlu-  wing  dark  ;  t!iese  ladts  are  sli  t  with  straight 
edges;  one  traverses  the  middle  of  the  wing,  one  lies  outside  ot  it  midway 
between  it  and  the  apical  patch,  and  a  third  as  far  from  it  toward  the  base 
of  the  wing;  the  clear  area  between  these  belts  is  twice  as  liroad  as  the 
behs  themselves.  The  costa  is  stout.  The  legs  are  xcry  long  and  very 
slender,  the  tibia'  rather  sparsely  spined. 

Length  of  wings  (cstiniiited  i,  1  1""";  breadth  of  same,  3..")""";  length  of 
aiidomen  (estimated),  ;  """;   (hind.')  tiliia,  (iirobably)  5""". 

Floris.saiit.     <  )nt;  specimen.  No.  3"_'13. 

Family  TRICHOPTERA  Kirby. 

The  raritv  of  remains  of  caddis-Hies  in  tin*  Tertiary  rocks  of  Europe 
's  not  a  littl(!  surprising.  Oiilv  three  species  have  been  figured  and  a  fourth 
.«  ntioned,  all  apparently  represented  liy  single  specimens  (from  Ai.\, 
Parschlng,  Mombaidi,  and  the  !sh»  of  Wight).  Another  species  has  been 
descrilie(|  from  (Jreenland  bv  Ileer  and  from  Chagrin  Valley,  Colorado,  liy 
inysidf.     That  the}   were  abiindiint  is  proven  Iiy  the  •'  'sciipiion  o'    ■  ui.ier- 


? 


> 


i 
I 


NETTllOPTRRA— TRICHOPTERA. 


177 


0U8  larval  cnHos  from  diflFerent  regions  of  Europe,  but  especially  from  Au- 
vergno  in  France;  it  is  also  proven  by  their  abundance  where  vire  should 
at  first  little  look  for  them,  in  the  Prussian  ambor,  where,  according  to 
Ilagen,  they  are  more  luimerous  than  any  other  group  of  insects,  excepting 
Dijjtera,  and  comprise  more  than  half  the  Neuroptera  and  Pseudoneuroptera 
combined.  Twenty-five  species  have  l)een  described  (by  Hagen  and  Pic- 
tet)  and  several  others  mentioned  (1)}'  them  and  by  Kolenati)  from  amber, 
a  large  proportion  belonging  to  the  I ly dropsy chidic  and  especially  to 
Polycentropus,  of  which  eleven  species  are  described. 

Trichoptera  are,  however,  by  no  means  rare  at  Florissant,  and,  as 
stated  above,  a  single  species  has  been  described  from  western  Colorado. 
Indeed,  the  Neuroptera  from  the  prolific  lake  bed  of  Florissant  are  made  up 
in  large  part  of  Trichoptera,  of  which  many  hundred  specimens  have  been 
obtained.  The  larger  part  of  them,  indeed,  are  indeterminable,  but  there 
are  about  one  hundred  specimens  which  sliow  the  nenration  of  the  wings  or 
other  characteristic,  part  with  some  distinctness;  and  while  all  the  remains 
of  perfect  insects  from  the  European  rocks  are  referred  to  the  single  sub- 
family of  Phryganida),  at  Florissant  Limnophilida),  Leptoceridro,  and  espe- 
cially IT}'dropsychid.ie,  are  also  represented.  The  species  of  this  last  men- 
tioned group  are  also  much  more  prolific  in  individuals,  and  the  preponder- 
ance in  species  would  be  even  more  marked  were  we  able  to  include  here 
all  the  species  really  found,  since  most  of  those  which  are  too  imperfect 
to  bo  brought  forward  evidently  belong  to  this  group.  All  these  groups, 
and  indeed  all  the  subfamilies  of  Trichoptera,  are  represented  in  the  Prussian 
amber.  Hydropsychid.ne  are  by  far  the  most  numerous,  as  in  our  own 
Tertiaries.  Then  follow  in  the  order  of  al)undance  Leptoceridw,  Sericos- 
toniidu!,  Phryganidae,  Rhyacophilidfc  and  Hydroptilidae,  and  Limnophilidge, 
the  last  liaving  but  one  representative. 

Wliile,  as  Ave  have  said,  the  bulk  of  the  specimens  of  Neuroptera 
found  at  Florissant  belong  to  the  caddis-flios,  the  specific  variety  of  such  as 
will  bear  descrij)tioi)  is  not  quite  so  gr-jat,  as  40  per  cent  of  all  belong 
here ;  but  in  relation  to  any  one  other  large  group  the  number  of  species 
greatly  preponderates,  as  the  group  next  in  sis'.e  in  point  of  species  is  the 
Odonata,  which  has  less  than  20  per  cent.  It  is  not  a  little  curious  to 
compare  this  statement  with  Pictet's  concerning  the  amber  caddis-flies: 
"Of  about  one  liundred  and  twenty  Neuroptera  examined  by  me  sixty- 

VOL  XI!  I 12 


178 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMEli/CA. 


<;Hi 


five  were  PhrygiuuMjr,  and  of  fifty  species  deacrihed  hy  me  twenty-two 
[44  per  cent]  beloiifr  to  this  fiimily."  Of  these  sixty-five,  moreover,  forty 
were  referred  to  the  Ilydropsychidav  H}i<ren,  witli  about  seven  times  as 
many  specimens  before  him,  conies  to  nearly  the  same  conchision,  for  he 
says  tliat  nearly  fiO  per  cent  of  the  specimens  of  Nenroptera  are  (Nuldis-flies, 
and  thirty-nine  of  the  eighty-seven  species  of  Nenroptera  given  in  his  table, 
or  45  per  cent,  are  referred  to  the  Trichoptera. 

In  this  enui. legation  no  a-'r^ount  has  been  taken  of  the  occurrence  of 
larval  cases  of  caddis-flies  in  Tertiary  dej)osits,  to  whic^h  reference  was 
made  aliove.  Auvtrgne  has  been  famous  for  these  which  form  the  so-called 
indusial  limestone  deposits,  so  abundant  are  they.  They  were  described 
b\  liosc  as  long  ago  as  the  year  XIII  (ISOf))  and  recently  have  been  dis- 
tinguished by  Oustalet  under  two  distinct  names.  Hepp  also  described 
Phrvganea  blumii  from  cases  found  at  Leistadt  and  Ileer  1*.  anticpui  from 
Oeiiingen.  A  single  one  has  even  been  found  in  amber,  with  its  entombetl 
larva,  and  Fritsch  describes  one  from  the  Cretaceous  o(  Hohemia.  In  this 
country  Dr.  Pciile  discovered  similar  remains,  which  I  liave  described  as 
Indusia  cilculnsa.  The  two  fragments  -jf  rocks  brought  home  from  the  lo- 
cality in  Wyoming  fornicd  doubtless  the  floor  of  a  former  body  of  water 
and  are  thickly  crowded  with  ca.ses  lying  in  every  direction.  It  is  very 
probable  that  at  least  those  described  here  and  by  Hose  and  Oustalet  be- 
long to  the  Linmopliilida>.  That  in  the  abundant  fauna  found  in  the  lake 
basin  of  Floris.sant,  incbuling,  as  we  see,  large  nund)er  of  caddis-flies,  not 
a  single  larval  case  should  have  yet  been  found  seems  a  little  remarkable, 
and  the  more  so  since  not  a  fi;\\  belong  to  groups,  the  larva>  of  which  are 
known  to  prefer  standing  to  running  water.  It  is  hardly  to  be  believed 
that  *]u'  streams  in  the;  neighltorliood  of  this  ancient  lake  alKamded  in  the 
larva'  of  caddis-flies,  while  the  v.aters  of  the  lake  itself  were  destitute  of 
them.  It  should  be  remend)en'd,  however  (1),  that  the  species  which  con 
struct  cases  of  conspicuous  size  out  of  hard  materials  mostly  belong  to  the 
Limnophilidie,  of  which  Florissant  furnishes  but  one  species;  (2),  that  the 
larva;  of  the  prevailing  group,  irydropsycliida',  more  connnonly  inhabit 
running  water,  and  that  their  cases  are  made*  of  grains  of  stone  alHxed  to 
larger  stones ;  (3),  that  the  l)ottom  of  the  lake  in  which  tlie  insect  de|)osits 
occur  nowhere  has  .shown,  as  fiir  as  I  have  seen,  any  sign  of  stones  large 
eiumgh  to  have  .served  as  a  ]»asis  for  the  attachment  of  the  smaller  grains 


(  1 


I 


NEDROPTRKA— TRICHOPTERA— HTDROPSYCHIDJB. 


179 


which  alone  are  found,  and  that  therefore  the  larvaj  of  Ily dropsy chidse 
must  have  frequented  perforce  the  neighboring  streams,  where  such  larger 
stone  surfaces  could  have  been  found.  If  cases  should  be  found  they  will 
be  likely  to  be  those  of  the  larger  Phryganidrc  (next  most  abundant  after 
the  Hydropsychidre),  composed  of  vegetable  fragments.  Three  specie."  and 
seven  specimens  only  of  this  group  have  been  found.     (February,  1884.) 

Subfamily  HYDROPSYCHin^E  Curtis. 

Although  no  members  of  this  group  have  been  found  iu  t'le  stratified 
deposits  of  the  Old  World,  about  half  of  the  numerous  species  described 
from  the  Baltic  amber  belong  to  it,  including  several  genera.  It  is  interest- 
ing, therefore,  to  find  that  about  three-fourths  of  the  Florissant  caddis-flies 
described  in  this  work  belong  here,  and  in  the  material  too  poorly  preserved 
to  bring  before  the  public  the  greater  part  also  belong  here.  Here,  too,  the 
species  seem  to  be  far  the  most  abundant  iu  individuals.  Among  those  de- 
scribed below  are  not  a  few  very  aberrant  forms,  which  I  have  been  at  a  loss 
to  determine,  as  certain  of  them  seem  on  some  accounts  to  be  more  nearly 
related  to  the  Leptoceridfe.  At  the  present  day  tlie  subfomily  appears  also 
to  be  the  most  numerous  in  species  in  the  northern  hen\isphere,  and  they 
are  found  all  over  the  world.  The  larva;  more  connnonly  frequent  running 
than  standing  water,  make  fixed  cases,  and  are  believed  to  be  to  a  large 
extent  carnivorous. 

Table,  of  the  genera  of  JJiidropniichidtv. 

(Only  tho  extinct,  ni^wlyilenoribcd  i;fii«r!i,  in  whicli  tlio  liftli  iii)ical  cell  and  sometimes  some  of  the 
other  np'oal  cells  of  tlm  fore  wings  are  wauting,  are  bore  tubulated.) 
First  apical  cell  present. 

Second  apical  cell  present. 

Median  cellule  unn-third  or  scarcely  more  than  one-third  .is  U)ng  as  the  wing  ..3.  Derobroch  m. 
Median  cellule  one-half  as  long  as  the  wing 4.  Utah  v.    ..«. 

Serond  apical  cell  absent 5.  Lfplnhroehiis. 

First  apical  cell  aliseiit. 

Diseoidal  cell  open 6.  MeMhrochiis. 

Oiscoidal  cell  closed 7.  Paladkelta. 


t 


1.  TIYDROPSYCIIE  Pi.tet. 

The  two  species  placed  here  by  us  from  tlie  American  Tertiaries  are 
referred  to  tho  genus  in  its  ancient  wide  .senso  tis  |•epl•esentati^'e  of  the  group 
to  which  it  belongs.     No  fossils  havt*  previously  l)oen  referred  to  it. 


180 


TEBTIARY  INSKOTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Hydropsyche?  operta. 

PI.  5,  Fij{8.  52.  53. 
rkrugaiim  operta  Scndd..  Hnll.  U.  8.  Gflol.  Oeour.  8urv.  Terr.,  Ill,  702  (1877). 

A  siiij^^lo  well  preserved  Hpoclmen  with  its  reverse;  the  wings  are 
doubled  beneath  the  body,  and  unfortunattfly  are  overlaid  by  the  larva  skin 
of  a  dipterous  insect,  obliterating  all  the  important  parts  of  the  neuration. 
0»i  this  account  it  is  ini]>ossible  to  delernnno  it  with  any  certainty,  but  it 
can  not  be  referred  to  the  Pl.ryganidte  proper,  from  its  slender  antennre  and 
long  and  slender  logs.  Renewed  study  of  the  specimen  since  the  above  was 
publi^iied  in  tiie  Bulletin  leads  me  to  believe  that  it  is  one  of  the  Ilydropsy- 
chidii3  and  j)rol)ably  not  far  removed  from  Polycentropus,  but  the  vena- 
tion is  too  obscure  to  enable  one  to  speak  confidently.  The  first  fork,  how- 
ever, appears  to  be  brief  and  upcurved,  exactly  as  in  Polycentropus  and  not 
as  given  in  the  plate.  The  head  is  detached  from  the  bovly,  and  faint  traces 
of  the  antenuje  are  preserved,  but  detached  ;  apparently  there  are  two  pairs 
of  spurs  to  what  appear  to  be  the  miildle  tibia),  and  the  sj)ines  of  the  under 
edge  of  the  same  tibia*  are  numerous.  The  abdomen  is  very  well  preserved 
on  a  side  view. 

Length  of  body,  S""" ;  (portion  of)  antenna-,  7""" ;  tarsi,  S.f)"'" ;  wings, 
10"°. 

Chagrin  Valley,  Wiiite  River,  Colorado,     W.  Denton. 

IIyDKOPSVCHE    .MAHCEN8. 
I 'I.  ir.,  FifT.  7. 

Only  two  Mpeclniclis  of  this  spctcies  are  known  ;  it  seems  to  have  a  some- 
what peculiar  neuration,'  but  its  imperfection  induces  me  to  place  it  in  the 
genus  Ilydropsyclie  in  a  general  sen.se.  The  front  wings  are  very  long  and 
slender,  large.st  beyond  tW  middle  of  the  iipiciil  half,  the  apical  margin 
rounded  but  with  a  slight  acumination.  The  ncnrafion  is  incorrectly  given 
in  the  plate.  No  cross-veins  can  bo  accurately  determined,  but  it  seems 
apparent  that  the  discoidal  cell  must  bo  of  unusual  size,  and  (-vcii  larger  than 
the  njoclian  cellule,  wliicli,  on  the  other  hand,  must  be  rather  smaller  than 
usual.     The  le<;s  and  antenna?  are  lonj;  and  slender. 

Length  of  body,  9""";  of  front  wings.  '.)-<).[)'""';  of  hind  legs,  B"". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  1018,  11205. 


NEUltOl'TEUA-TmoUOPTEKA— UYDKOl'8YUilll>.K. 


181 


2.  POLYCKNTROPITS  Curtis. 

This  i»  an  important  group  oi'  caddis-flies  to  the  paleontologist,  since 
nearly  one-half  o' the  many  i)hryganid8  described  from  the  Prussian  amber 
belong  to  it,  and  is  interesting  to  find  that  we  have  at  least  one  species  in 
our  own  rocks.  The  present  distribution  of  the  species  is  mainly  in  Europe 
and  North  America,  where  tliey  are  ncmerous,  with  a  few  recorded  Trom 
Ceylon.  The  larviv,  according  to  McLaclilan,  inhabit  shallow,  rapid  streams, 
and  form,  Pictet  says,  no  firm  cases  until  about  to  change  to  pupaj.  In 
speaking  of  the  abundance  of  this  grouj)  in  the  amber  fauna  McLachlan 
says:  "Insects  referred  to  Polycentropus  in  its  broad  sense  seem  to  have 
been  very  common  in  the  Tertiary  period  when  amber  was  formed  thoir 
habit  of  concealing  ihemselvesin  the  crevices  of  the  bark  of  trees  probably 
caused  their  entanglement  in  the  resin  and  subsequent  fossilization."* 


' 


Polycentropus  exesus. 

A  delicate  winged,  sparsely  clothed  species  with  exceedingly  delicate 
antenna;.  The  body  is  moderately  slight,  the  head  small ;  basal  joint  of 
antenna;  very  stout,  subglobular,  the  remainder  thread-like,  reaching  back 
beyond  the  closed  wings,  the  joints  three  to  four  times  longer  than  broad 
and  narrowly  ringed  with  black  at  the  incisures.  Legs  poorly  preserved  in 
most  of  the  specimens,  but  only  moderately  slender,  the  tarsi  rather  densely 
spinous.  Wings  moderately  slender,  broadest  at  the  anastomosis,  the  apex 
ratlnjr  broadly  roundiMl,  tolerably  clear,  but  with  heavily  infuscated  veins; 
the  discoidal  is  nnich  longer  than  the  median  cellule,  and  the  second  apical 
cell  is  longer  than  the  third  and  fourth,  and  of  about  equal  length  with  the 
fifth;  the  anastomosis  above  the  fifth  fork  lies  in  a  curve  Hiiliiiiirullel  to  the 
apical  maigin. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"'"' ;  of  front  wing,  8""" ;  width  of  same,  2.6"" ; 
length  ofantonnic,  11""";  of  hind  tibia",  4""";  of  hind  tarsi,  ;3.5""". 

Florissant.  Nine  specimens,  Nos.  (J7,  571,  314.'5,  7428,  7873,  9549, 
10501,  12441,  13520. 


Tricboi>tero  Europ.  fauna,  aOS. 


182  TEKTIAKY  INSECTS  OK  NOKTU  AMEltlOA. 

P0LYCENTROPIJ8    (?)    EVIBATIIS, 
ri.  13,  Fij,'.  7, 

A  Hiiigle  specimen  with  its  reverse  is  placed  \\vrv  proviHioimlly  HJmply 
from  its  genenil  resembliuioe  to  species  of  tliis  j^roiip.  A  crushed  body, 
heavily  scaled  wings,  an  antenna,  and  a  fragment  of  a  leg  are  all  that 
remain  Tiie  body  is  stout  and  appartiitly  clothed  densely.  The  antenna 
is  rather  slender,  tapering,  about  as  half  as  long  as  the  wings,  and  com- 
posed of  joints  of  etpial  length  anl  breadth.  The  wings  are  folded  some- 
what, so  that  their  form  can  not  fidly  l)e  seen,  but  they  are  apparently  not 
slender  and  are  very  denselv  scaled,  concealing  all  neuration ;  the  costal 
margin  is  very  gently  and  slightly  convex,  curving  downward  to  the  apex 
only  at  the  very  tip,  the  apex  far  above  the  n)iddle  of  the  wing,  and  the 
apical  margin  ol)li(pie,  straight,  not  retreating  rapidly. 

Length  of  body,  11"""';  of  front  wing,  10..")""";  of  antennre,  5""". 

Florissant.     One  spei-imen,  Nos.  V22l)9  and  12240. 

3.  DEROHUOCHIJS  gen.  nov.  (St,p6?,  fip6xo?). 

A  largo  proportion,  both  of  the  specimens  and  species,  of  Florissant 
caddis-Hies  seems  to  belong  to  this  new  typo  of  llydrop-sychichv,  which  is 
allied  to  Polycentropus  in  many  of  its  features,  but  is  remarkable  for  the 
length  of  the  cells  and  for  the  apparent  want  of  any  fifth  a])ical  cell.  The 
median  cellule,  which  is  generally  longer  than  the  discoidal,  is  often  one- 
third,  or  even  more  than  one-tiiird,  the  length  of  the  wing,  and  the  lower 
branch  of  the  ujjper  cubitus  runs  straight  or  nearly  straight  to  the  margin, 
bending  sometimes  near  the  cross-vein  which,  near  the  margin,  connects  it 
with  the  vein  below.  The  uppermost  apical  cell,  as  in  Polycentrojjus,  is 
small,  and  in  general  the  affinity  of  this  genus  to  that  is  niarkcid  ;  but  the 
absence  of  the  fifth  apical  cell  is  believed  to  be  suflicient  ground  for  generic 
distinction,  as  that  cell  is  generally  found  throughout  the  family.  The 
cross-vein  uniting  the  upper  and  lower  cnbitals  is  variously  situated. 

Table  <»/  the  specitu  of  Dirobruchiis, 

Base  of  lirst  apital  toll  of  front  wing  not,  or  scurculy,  fartln;r  Iroin  thu  root  of  the  wing  tliiin  tlin  biiHc 
of  Hoini'ot  rill'  other  upiciil  forku. 
First  upii'ul  coil  almost  as  long  iis  tlio  W'conil ;  tliis  not  groutly  longer  than  tlio  th.rd  . .  1.  /'.  abstractuB. 
First  apic.'il  ci-U  much  shortiT  than  tho  seroud  ;  this  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  thinl. 

First  apiial  cell  longer  than  the  fonrtli V.   I),  titnulenliiii. 

First  apical  cell  shorter  than  the  fourth. 

First  apical  cell  curving  upward i.   !>■  cnmiiioratuu. 

First  apical  cull  with  no  upward  curve 0.  D. /riytacum. 


NEUllOI'TEKA— TKICUOFTKUA— IIYDKOI'HYCIIID.K. 


im 


„ 


RaiiH  ufHrit  npiuiil  iwll  couaidoi'ttbly,  or  vory  miioli,  furtbur  from  tho  root  of  the  wliig  tUiiii  tliK  liwaa  of 
any  oHht  i»|iiiiiil  fork. 
Tlilril  iiiiii  roiii'tli   .pic'iil  riilh  iilioiit  i«iimlly  diNlitrit  fnun  liic' 

Hdmiiid  tt|iioiil  cull  \im»  Miitii  (iiio-thiril  nn  Unin  nK<»ii  i*»  thu  Jhlril X  J).  nlernuH. 

HuL'oixi  apiiMil  i'kU  lialfitH  Imi^  ii;;aiii  iin  tlio  tlilnl &,  D.  mariidni. 

Fourth  itplctti  (!oll  ruiiuhiiiK  iiiuuh  iiou'-cr  tlie  ItuHu  tliiin  the  thil>l 7,  1).  eraliriif. 

1.  DEUoHRocmr.s  aiistbactuh. 

A  siufrlo  8|)eciinon,  pr^Herved  on  ii  sido  view,  ho  hs  to  hIiow  tho  upper 
liulf  oFtlio  nmlur  surt'uce  of  the  rij^iit  front  wiiij/-,  and  in  iiddition  the  upper 
surface  of  tlio  wliole  of  tho  left  front  wiiijr,  overlying  tho  hind  wiiij^  iind 
c(»nfuHin<;-  the  neiirati.  n.  Little  besideH  the  wiiif^H  can  be  neeri,  but  the 
stout  cylindrical  ba.sal  joint  of  the  antenuic  apin-ars,  followed  by  a  few  sim- 
ilar but  much  slenderer  joints.  The  front  wing  is  slender,  subaouminate 
at  tip,  the  costal  nargin  fallfng  toward  tho  tip  at  about  the  same  angle  as 
the  apical  margin  retreat  <  from  it,  the  apex  itself  rounded  off,  and  rather 
above  the  middle  line  of  the  wing.  The  first  apical  cell  is  reinarkaldy  long, 
the  fork  originating  at  the  end  of  tho  middle  third  of  the  wing,  and  of  tho 
sani(«  length  as  the  third  apical  cell ;  the  seiioiid  U[)ical  r-ell  is  oidv  a  little 
longer.  The  wing  is  apj)arently  clear,  with  the  veins  narrowly  marked 
with  fuscous  and  faintly  irrorate  with  fuscous  at  their  tips. 

Length  of  body,  9'"'" ;  of  front  wing,  ll"";  width  of  same,  3.3 ""». 

FlorissHiit.     One  specimen.  No.  1)377. 

2.  Dekohkociius  cvenulentuh. 

This  species  is  represented  again  by  a  single  specimen,  showing  a  dor- 
sal view  of  a  vague  l)ody  with  outstretched  front  wings,  one  of  which  is 
nearly  conij)lete  and  tolerably  well  preserved,  showing  a  portion  at  least  of 
the  neuration  with  clearness.  The  wing  is  not  so  acuminate  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species  and  the  ape.\  is  in  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  first  apical 
cell  though  long  is  shorter  than  in  D.  iibstractus,  but  extends  farther  i oward 
the  base  than  either  the  third  or  fourth  cell,  these  last  being  much  shorter 
than  in  the  preceding  species.  The  discoidal  cell  is  apparently  fully  as  long 
as  tho  median  cellule,  but  its  limits  are  not  clearly  marked ;  the  latter  is  as 
long  as  the  fourth  fork  and  very  slender.  The  wing  appears  to  be  clear  with 
infuscated  veins,  and  the  whole  costal  margin  broadly  but  faintly  infuscated. 

Length  of  wing,  8.5""";  breadth  of  same,  2.6'"°';  length  of  median  cel- 
lule, 2'"'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  14444. 


,.*»». 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


v 


^  ^ 


10 


I.I 


11.25 


S  ya  1120 


25 


U    IIIIII.6 


6 


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7 


Photographic 

Sciences  , 
Corporation 


23  VVEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  S73-4S03 


<* 


184 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


3.  Derobrochus  ^ternus. 

Thia  species  is  again  represented  by  a  single  specimen  but  in  a  better 
state  of  preservation  than  the  preceding  forms,  it  presents  a  side  view 
with  the  upper  front  wing  well  preserved,  and  the  lower,  though  visible  by 
drooping,  obscure.  The  legs  are  tolerably  well  preserved  but  confused ; 
they  are  sparsely  clothed  with  hairs  and  the  tibial  spurs  can  not  properly  be 
distinguished.  The  front  wing  is  slender,  broadest  only  a  little  way  beyond 
the  middle,  the  apex  well  rounded,  and  the  apical  margin  very  oblique  but 
full.  The  discoidal  and  median  cells  are  about  equally  long  and  slender 
and  nearly  as  long  as  the  second  apical  cell,  which  is  fully  one-third  the 
length  of  the  entire  wing.  The  third  and  fourth  apical  cells  are  of  about 
equal  length  and  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  first.  The  anastomosis  is  very 
simple,  the  cross-veins  closing  the  discoidal  cell  and  uniting  the  sector  and 
cubitus  falling  together  just  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  apical  fork. 
The  wing  as  preserved  is  clear  in  the  apical  fourth  but  elsewhere  irrorate 
with  fuscous,  the  veins  everywhere  infuscated. 

Length  of  front  wing,  9.75°"";  breadth,  4.1°"". 

Florissant    One  specimen.  No.  5308. 


4.  Derobrochus  commoratus. 

A  species  closely  allied  to  the  last  described,  and  mainly  distinguisha- 
ble from  it  by  its  shorter  and  much  slenderer  wings.  A  number  of  speci- 
mens appear  to  belong  here,  but  none  of  them  are  very  well  preserved. 
The  body  is  slender,  the  legs  long  and  slender,  but  with  rather  stout  femora, 
the  front  legs  short  an<l  slight.  There  is  a  single  pair  of  spurs  on  the  front 
legs,  and  two  pairs  on  the  hind  legs.  The  front  wings  are  pretty  uniforndy 
fuliginous  with  fuscescent  veins ;  it  is  very  slender,  broadest  close  to  the 
apex,  the  tip  rounded  and  placed  considerably  above  tho  middle,  the  apical 
margin  much  less  oblique  than  in  D.  aeternus.  The  neuration  is  identical 
with  that  species. 

Length  of  body,  8.5"""  ;  of  front  wing,  9" 
length  of  fore  femora,  1.6'°" ;  of  fore  tibia,  l.l™ 
of  hind  tibia,  2.6'"™. 

Florissant.  Ten  specimens,  Nos.  2661,  3237, 334S,  3350,  6848, 13539, 
13542  and  14170,  14029,  14171,  14312. 


breadth  of  same,  2.75° 
of  middle  femora,  3.25° 


r- 


T 


NEUKOPTERA— TRIOHOPTEKA— HYDROPSYOHID^. 


185 


6.  Derobrochus  marcidus. 
PI.  16,  Fig.  2. 

A  slender  winged,  griseoua  species,  not  far  removed  from  D.  commo- 
ratus.  The  body,  however,  is  toloidbly  stout,  densely  clothed,  the  head 
sPiall,  with  very  slender  pale  antenna;,  the  basal  joint  stout  and  globular, 
the  other  joints  slender,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  narrowly  ringed 
apically  with  fuscous.  The  legs  are  very  long  and  delicate,  the  middle  and 
hind  tibiae  with  two  pairs  of  spurs.  Front  wings  griseous,  rather  heavi'.y 
clothed  with  hairs,  especially  along  the  veins,  which  are  thereby  duskier ; 
they  are  slender,  well  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  not  acuminate,  as  would 
appear  from  the  figure,  where  the  wing  is  partially  folded  ;  the  neuration  is 
imp 3rfectly  shown  in  the  plate.  The  first  apical  cell  is  very  small,  the  third 
a  little  longer  than  the  fourth  and  much  shorter  than  the  second,  which  is 
very  long,  nearly  reaching  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  the  length  of  the  dis- 
coidal  and  median  cells  can  not  be  accurately  determined. 

Length  of  body,  6.76°"°;  of  fore  femora,  1.4°'";  mid  femora,  2.2°'°'; 
mid  tibijE,  2°"°;  hind  femora,  3°™;  hindtibisB,  2.76°'°';  front  wings,  7-8°'°'; 
width  of  same,  2.75°'°. 

Florissant.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  9416  and  9621,  10106,  12010. 

6.  Derobrochus  frigescens. 

PI.  15,  Figs.  6, 16. 

Derobroehui  frigHoent  Scadd.,  Zittel,  Haadb.  d.  Palusont.,  I,  ii,  779,  Fig.  98<3  (1835). 

A  somewhat  stout  bodied  but  small  species,  the  smallest  of  the  genus, 
not  very  heavily  clothed  with  scales.  The  head  is  moderat' '  'arge  and 
the  antennte  very  slender,  with  a  large  globose  basal  joiii^.  The  legs  are 
only  preserved  in  a  fragmentary  way  in  all  the  specimens.  The  front  wings 
are  tolerably  broad,  broadest  only  a  little  beyond  the  middle,  the  apex 
scarcely  subacuminate  but  well  rounded,  the  apical  margin  oblique  but  full ; 
the  first  apical  fork  is  unusually  straight  with  no  upward  curve,  and  the 
cell  not  much  shorter  than  the  third  apical  cell ;  the  second  apical  cell  is 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  third,  and  the  fourth  falls  about  midway  between 
them  in  length ;  the  discoidal  cell  and  the  median  are  of  about  equal  length 
with  the  second  apical  cell,  and  are  very  slender,  particularly  the  median. 
These  features  are  not  all  produced  in  the  plate. 


186 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Length  of  body,  6.5°™;  of  front  wing,  7""";  width  of  same,  2.85°"". 
Floiissant.     Seven  specimens,  Nos.   1027,    1718,   2677,  4633,  5433, 
10900,  10953. 

7.  Dfrobbochus  craters. 

PI.  13,  Fig.  13;  PI.  15,  Fig.  4. 

A  moderate-sized  species,  with  dusky  wings,  the  veins  infuscated.  The 
body  is  moderately  stout,  but  no  parts  are  fairly  preserved  but  the  front 
wings.  These  are  moderately  slender,  the  tip  rounded,  the  apical  margin 
oblique  and  only  a  little  full,  the  broadest  part  of  the  wing  near  the  middle  of 
the  outer  half;  the  first  apical  cell  (not  shown  in  the  figures)  is  very  small, 
considerably  smaller  than  the  third,  which  last  is  only  a  little  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  second,  which  is  slightly  longer  than  its  stalk ;  discoidal 
and  median  cells  very  long  and  slender  and  of  about  equal  size. 

Length  of  body,  7-8.5""° ;  of  front  wings,  H"™ ;  breadth  of  same,  2.6"°'; 
length  of  hind  wings,  6°'°'. 

Florissant.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  2514,  5059,  14235 ;  and  from  the 
Princeton  Collection  No.  1.947. 


4.  LITOBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  (Xtrd?,  /3p6xo?). 

This  name  is  proposed  to  include  a  single  species  of  Florissant  Hydro- 
psychidae,  allied  to  Polycentropus  and  Derobrochus,  and  especially  the  lat- 
ter, but  diftering  from  them  in  some  points  in  the  neuration  of  the  wing. 
Like  Derobrochus,  there  is  no  fifth  apical  cell  in  the  front  wing,  thus  clearly 
separating  ii:  from  Polycentropus.  It  differs  from  Derobrochus  in  the  still 
more  intensified  elongation  of  the  interior  cells,  and  in  the  minuteness  of  the 
first  apical  cell,  which  is  relatively  not  half  so  large  as  in  any  species  of 
Derobrochus.  The  anastomosis  is  also  very  widely  separated,  flie  median 
cell  extending  far  toward  the  margin  and  being  half  as  long  as  the  wing  itself 

LrroBROCHUu  externatus. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  10. 

A  single  specimen  shows  the  body,  fore  legs,  and  front  wings.  It  is  a 
tolerably  large  species  with  nioli-rately  slender  body.  The  front  legs  are 
small  and  the  tibia  bears  a  single  pair  of  spurs.  The  front  wings  are  slender, 
broadest  before  the  middle  of  the  outer  half,  the  apex  produced  and  nearly 


NEUROPTBEA— TKICHOPTERA— HYDBOPSYOHID^. 


187 


in  the  niiddle  of  the  wing,  the  costal  margin  falling  obliquely  to  the  tip 
over  a  considerable  area,  and  the  apical  margin  equally  oblique  below  the 
apex ;  the  contrast  in  the  length  of  the  first  and  second  apical  cells  is  very 
marked ;  the  cross-vein  uniting  the  sector  and  cubitus  falls  at  the  origin  of 
the  second  apical  cell,  and  the  median  and  discoidal  cells  originate  side  by 
side ;  none  of  tho  cross-veins  are  shown  in  the  plate.  The  wing  is  clear, 
excepting  for  a  slight  infuscation  along  the  costal  edge  and  the  infuscation 
of  the  veins. 

Length  of  body,  10""°;  of  front  wings,  10""" ;  breadth  of  same,  3.35"'°' ; 
length  of  fore  femora,  l.?""" ;  tibiae,  1.7°'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  14210. 


1 


i. 


5.  LEPTOBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  (Aew-rd?,  /3p6xo?]. 

This  genus,  which  includes  only  one  species,  is  remarkable  for  lacking 
not  only  the  fifth,  but  the  second,  apical  cell.  In  other  respects  it  does  not 
differ  from  Derobrochus,  except  in  having,  as  in  Litobrochus,  an  extremely 
long  median  cell,  due,  however,  not  to  the  extension  of  the  cell  toward  the 
margin,  but  to  its  basal  extension  by  the  earlier  origin  of  the  middle  branch 
of  the  upper  cubital  vein. 

Leptobrochus  luteus. 
PI.  15,  Figs.  1,  3. 

This  abundant  species  is  rarely  well  preserved.  It  has  a  slender  body, 
long  and  narrow  wings,  very  slender  legs,  and  antennae  longer,  so  far  as 
known,  than  any  other  of  our  fossil  species,  being  nmch  more  than  twice 
the  lengtl^  of  the  body  (including  the  closed  wings) ;  the  joints  are  about 
four  times  longer  than  broad,  very  slender,  and  the  incisures  marked  with 
fuscous ;  the  first  joint  is  stout  and  obovate.  The  front  wings  are  very 
long  and  slender,  the  apex  produced,  subacuminate  and  scarcely  above  the 
middle ;  the  first  apical  cell  is  tolerably  small,  and  the  discoidal  cell  appar- 
ently open ;  the  median  cell,  however,  is  closed,  and  the  cell  itself  exceed- 
ingly long,  the  closure  being  a  little  before  the  origin  of  the  third  apical 
cell,  which  is  not  quite  so  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  wing  and  shorter  than 
the  fourth  apical  cell ;  these  features  of  the  neuration  do  not  appear  in  the 
figures  on  the  plate. 


188 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Length  of  body,  9""° ;  of  front  wing,  9°"" ;  breadth  of  same,  2.2""" ; 
length  of  antennte,  21"°'. 

Florissant.  Sixteen  specimens,  Nos.  1655,  3638,  3702,  6039,  7030, 
7149,  7990,  8013  and  10341,  8065,  8325,  8392,  8857,  9578,  10016,  10239, 
12014. 

6.  MESOBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  (ju^fToi,  fipdxoi). 

This  is  a  peculiar  group,  not  only  for  the  limited  number  of  apical  cells, 
the  first  as  well  as  the  fifth  being  absent,  but  also  for  the  great  and  nearly 
equal  length  of  all  the  other  apical  cells  and  the  distance  of  the  anastomosis 
from  the  apical  margin ;  indeed,  nearly  or  quite  a  third  of  the  wing  at  the 
apex  is  filled  only  with  longitudinal  and  parallel  veins,  as  in  some  Lepto- 
ceridae.  The  median  cell,  on  the  contrary,  is  not  very  long,  as  it  is  in 
nearly  all  the  other  genera  we  have  here  considered ;  the  discoidal  cell 
appears  to  be  open,  an  anomalous  peculiarity  for  one  of  the  Hy dropsy chidaj. 

Table  of  the  ipeciet  of  Metobrookut. 

Fore  wings  nearly  four  times  aa  long  as  broad 1.  Af.  lethaui. 

Fore  wings  scarcely  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad 2,  M.  imbeoillut. 


1.  Mesobrocbus  LETH^US. 

PI.  15,  Fig.  11. 

A  small  slender  species.  Body  slender,  moderately  clothed  witli  scales. 
Antennae  with  basal  joint  very  large,  as  long  as  the  head,  the  rest  slender 
and  cylindrical,  tapering  sensibly  to  the  tip,  as  long  as  the  body  (without 
the  wings).  Legs  very  slender.  Wings  very  long  and  slender,  the  rounded 
apex  in  the  middle  line  and  the  margins  curving  equally  to  it  above  and 
below  ;  second  apical  cell  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  wing,  third  and  fourth 
stopping  abruptly  at  the  anastomosis,  which  falls  just  beneath  the  tip  of 
the  subcostal  nervure ;  the  discoidal  cell  is  open  and  the  median  not  very 
long,  reaching  as  far  toward  the  base  as  to  bring  the  base  of  the  second 
apical  cell  over  its  center ;  the  neuration  as  given  in  the  plate  is  wrong. 

Length  of  body,  6""°;  of  front  wing,  T""^;  width  of  same,  1.85'""*; 
length  of  antenntr,  e"". 

Florissant.  Fourteen  specimens,  Nos.  544,  1665,  2268,  2520,  2566, 
4584,  6884,  7792,  7898,  10720,  10899,  11132,  12015  and  12789,  13.540. 


NEUROPTERA— THIOHOPTBRA— HYDROPSYOEIDiB. 


189 


2.  Mesobrochus  imbecillus. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  13. 

Closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  a  smaller  and  comparatively  stouter 
form.  The  basal  joint  of  thu  antenna;  is  cylindrical,  and  though  very  large 
not  so  stout  as  in  that  species,  but  the  stalk  is  as  there  The  legs  are  a  little 
shorter  and  less  slender.  Wings  shaped  as  in  M.  lethaeus,  but  compara- 
tively a  little  shorter ;  the  neuration  appears  to  be  identical  with  that  f»f  the 
other  species  (it  is  wronglv  qriven  on  the  plate),  excepting  that  the  anasto- 
mosis is  even  farther  tov      .  the  base  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  5.5""";  of  front  wing,  6.25""°;  width  of  same,  2"". 

Florissant.  Sixteen  specimens,  Nos.  1306  and  4423,  2177,  2364,  2984, 
4908,  5462,  6861,  7042,  7568,  7883,  10225,  10407,  10430,  11006,  12234, 
13138. 

7.  PALADICELLA  gen.  nov.  (rraXato?,  a-,  6/Ke\\a). 

S'-U  another  anomalous  genus  is  found  among  the  Florissant  Hy- 
dropsychidaj,  in  some  respects  allied  to  Mesobrochus,  since  the  first  and  fifth 
apical  cells  are  wanting  and  tlie  other  apical  cells  are  nearly  equal  and  long. 
The  other  features,  however,  are  very  different,  partly  perhaps  from  the 
much  greater  comparative  brevity  and  breadth  of  the  wing.  The  third  and 
fourth  apical  cells  are  so  closely  approximated  as  nearly  to  touch  throughout 
their  length,  even  to  the  very  margin  of  the  wing.  The  discoidal  cell  is 
closed  and  relatively  much  shorter  than  it  would  be  in  Mesobrochus  were 
it  closed  Ht  the  same  time ;  that  is  to  say,  the  branch  of  the  sector  usually 
furnishing  the  first  apical  sector  has  a  much  later  origin  in  Paladicella  than 
in  Mesobrochus.  The  name  given  is  aot  meant  to  have  any  reference  to 
the  recent  genus  Adicella. 

Paladicella  eruptionis. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  14. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse,  toler- 
ably well  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view  with  partially  expanded  wings.  The 
bodv  is  moderately  slender  and  not  heavily  clothed,  the  head  rather  small, 
front  legs  not  very  large.  The  wings  are  not  slender,  broadest  before  the 
apical  third,  witii  rounded  contours,  the  well  rounded  apex  above  the  mid- 
dle, the  apical  margin  more  oblique  than  the  costal  as  it  falls  to  the  apex. 


190 


TDRTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NUKTH  AMERICA. 


The  wing  ia  tolerably  clear,  slightly  infuscated  next  the  costa  with  fuHcoits 
veins.  The  neiiriition  along  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  is  not 
correctly  given  in  the  plate ;  the  vein  above  the  lowest  forked  vein  (con- 
taining the  fourth  apical  cell)  is  also  equally  but  not  so  widely  forked,  and 
;t  does  not  connect  (excepting  by  a  cross- vein)  with  the  vein  above,  but 
much  farther  toward  the  base  with  the  vein  below,  its  fork  containing  the 
third  apical  cell. 

Length  of  body,  9""' ;  of  front  wing,  10.5""" ;  breadth  of  same,  4°'"'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nos.  8422  and  13004. 

8.  TINODES  Curtis. 

The  single  species  referred  here  provisionally  is  shown  by  its  neuration 
to  belong  elsewhere,  and  is  merely  placed  here  for  convenience  and  for  want 
of  a  better  place.     Moreover  two  species  have  been  found  in  amber. 


TlNODES    (?)    PALUDIGENA. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  9. 

An  interesting  little  species,  apparently  belonging  near  this  genua,  but 
in  which  the  neuration  is  even  simpler,  though  being  in  large  part  obscure, 
the  species  is  placed  here  provisionally.  The  body  is  moderately  slender, 
the  legs  rather  short.  The  front  wings  are  not  very  slender,  broadest  in 
the  middle  of  the  apical  half,  beyond  which  thy  wing  tapers  rapidly  and 
almost  equally  obove  and  below  to  a  rounded  apex.  Only  the  first  and 
third  apical  cells  are  present  and  both  very  large  and  with  a  long  stalk,  the 
veins  originating  far  toward  tiie  base.  This  alone  shows  it  can  not  be  a 
Tinodes,  but  the  anastomosis  can  not  be  made  out.  The  hind  wing  is  con- 
siderably shorter  than  the  front  wing,  broadest  near  the  base,  has  a  pretty 
strongly  curved  costal  margin  terminating  abruptly  in  a  pointed  apex,  frcm 
which  the  oblique  apical  margin  retreating  rapidly  blends  by  one  curve  in 
the  inner  margin ;  the  second  and  third  apical  cells  only  are  present,  of 
about  equal  and  considerable  length,  the  latter  nearly  reaching  the  middle 
of  the  wing;  an  interesting  feature  of  this  wing  is  a  large  spreading  tuft  of 
dark  hairs  longer  than  the  widtli  of  the  thorax,  springing  from  near  the  base 
of  the  costal  area. 


NEUROPTEUA— TRIOeOPTEBA— LEPTOCERrD/E. 


191 


' 


Length  of  body,  5-6.25""";  of  front  wing,  5.5""';  of  hind  wing,  4""; 
breadth  of  front  wing,  l.S"™;  of  hind  wing,  1.2""";  length  of  tuft  of  hairs, 
O.TS""". 

Florissant.     P'oJir  specimens,  Nos.  2142,  6964,  10702,  13137. 

Sublkmily  LEPTOOEUIDyE  Stephens. 

No  fossil  species  of  this  subfamily  have  been  described,  but  Hagen 
mentions  several  species  which  he  refers  to  Mystacides  and  Odontocerum. 
Two  Florissant  species  are  found,  which  are  believed  to  be  most  nearly  al- 
lied to  Setodes.  The  larvje  of  this  group  are  found  more  often  in  running 
than  in  standing-  water,  but  frequent  both ;  the  case  is  usually  a  free  sand 
tube ;  the  members  of  the  subfamily  are  distributed  all  over  the  world. 

SETODES  Rambur. 

This  genus,  as  existing  at  present,  is  found  well  represented  in  regions 
as  wide  apart  and  as  different  as  North  America,  Europe,  and  the  East 
Indies.  None  have  before  been  reported  fossil,  and  the  two  species  we  have 
referred  here  are  so  placed  more  from  their  general  aspect  than  for  any 
other  more  solid  reason.  The  form  and  pointedness  of  the  wings  and  the 
general  structure  of  the  antennae  and  legs  look  evidently  in  this  direction. 
The  larvae  of  this  group  inhabit  both  standing  and  running  waters. 

Table  of  the  apeoiei  of  Setodei. 

Winjrs  at  rest  extending  far  beyond  the  abdomen 1.  S.  portionalU. 

Wings  at  rest  not  reaching  the  tip  of  the  abdomen 2.  5.  abbreciata. 

1.  Setodes  portionalis. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  16. 

A  single  specimen  is  placed  here,  the  pointed  form  of  the  wings,  the 
size,  and  tlu^  whole  aspect  indicating  this  group  of  caddis-flies ;  the  wings, 
however,  are  so  thickly  clotlied  with  scales  that  no  neuration  can  be  dis- 
tinguished. The  body  is  tolerably  slender,  the  antennae  and  legs  exceedingly 
long ;  only  a  portion  of  one  antenna,  as  long  as  the  body,  is  preserved,  but 
tliis  shows  no  indication  whatever  of  diminution  in  size ;  it  is  rather  stout, 
as  stout,  indeed,  as  the  tarsi,  and  the  joints  four  or  five  times  as  long  as  broad, 
cylindrical,  pale  brown,  with  dark  brown  incisures ;  the  length  of  the  basal 
joints  is  not  determinable.     The  legs  extend  a  long  way  beyond  the  tip  of 


192 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


the  closed  wings  ami  are  very  slender ;  the  front  pair,  liowever,  are  n.  ' 
shorter  than  the  others.  The  front  wings  are  very  slender,  donsely  pubes- 
cent, when  closed  extending  some  way  beyond  the  tip  of  the  l)ody,  the 
portion  so  extended  tapering  to  a  slender  but  rounded  tip  which  is  near  the 
upper  margin  of  the  wing,  the  costal  border  being  almost  uniformly  and 
gently  convex,  and  not  falling  rapidly  next  the  tip,  while  the  apical  margin 
below  the  tip  is  exceedingly  oblique  until  the  tip  of  the  body  is  reached. 

Length  of  body,  fi""" ;  of  front  wing,  6""" ;  breadth  of  same,  1""° ;  length 
of  antennal  joints,  O.f)"'"' ;  of  mid  tibial  and  tarsi  together,  4.5"" ;  reach  of 
hind  legs  beyond  body,  3..')""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  11754. 


2.  Setodes  abbreviata. 

A  single  specimen  only  has  been  found,  closely  allied  to  the  preceding 
but  with  remarkably  abbreviated  wings.  The  body  is  moderately  slender, 
densely  pubescent,  the  antennte  black,  of  the  length  of  the  body,  of  the  same 
stoutness  as  in  the  preceding,  but  with  joints  scarcely  so  long  and  densely 
and  very  finely  covered  with  hairs.  Legs  not  perfectly  preserved  but  a 
little  stouter  that!  in  S.  portionalis.  Wings  very  much  shorter  than  the  body, 
very  .slender  lanceolate,  tiie  apical  portion  narrowing,  more  rapidly  below 
than  above,  to  a  sharply  pointed  tip,  black,  densely  clothed  with  long  hair- 
like scales. 

Length  of  body,  G..')""";  of  front  wing,  3.5""";  breadth  of  wing,  CGS"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5218. 


I 


Sublamily  I^IMXOPHILID/E   McLachlan. 

A  single  member  of  this  group  has  been  found  fossil  in  Prussian  amber, 
a  species  of  Halessus.  Besides  this,  however,  several  larval  cases  have  been 
described,  some  at  least  of  which  appear  to  belong  here,  as  it  contains  at  the 
present  day  all  the  larger  caddis-flies  which  ornament  their  larval  cases  with 
.shells  and  other  odd  substances.  To  this  list  we  can  now  add  from  America 
one  of  each  kind,  a  winged  insect  and  a  larval  case  constructed  of  grains  of 
stone.  The  group  as  it  exists  to-day  is  mainly  confined  to  the  northern 
hemisphere,  north  of  the  tropics,  but  it  reappears  to  some  extent  in  corre- 
sponding portions  of  the  southern  hemisphere,  at  least  in  America 


NEUROPTEUA-TK'CHOPTKUA— LIMNOrUlLlDJfi. 


198 


n 


I 

- 


f 


i 


LIMNOPIIILUS  Burmeister. 

Thii)  gontiH  linH  never  been  reported  foHsil,  and  in  placing  in  it.  the 
Bpeciea  below  the  intention  \n  only  to  indicate  itH  aiHnitieB.  The  geium  Ih 
boreal  and  wide  upread,  and  the  larvoi  are  generally  found  in  standing 
water 

LiMNOPHILirS   80P0RATIT8. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  5. 

A  couple  of  specimens  are  referred  here,  in  only  one  of  which  is  the 
neuration  sutHciontly  distinct  to  be  determined  with  any  probability,  and  in 
this  it  is  somewhat  obscure  and  is  not  fully  shown  in  the  plate ;  nearly  all 
the  veins  and  cross-veins  in  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  can,  however,  be 
traced  with  more  or  less  distinctness,  though  the  cross-veins  are  certainly 
obscure;  the  neuration,  as  thus  limited,  is  wholly  that  of  Limnophilus. 
Tlie  front  wings  are  moderately  long  and  narrow,  the  costal  margin  rather 
strongly  arched  in  the  apical  half,  curving  downward  to  the  bluntly  acumi- 
nate apex,  the  apical  margin  sharply  and  very  obliquely  truncate  Dis- 
coidal  cellules  short,  much  shorter  than  its  foot-stalk ;  anastomosis  of  the 
lower  half  of  the  wing  continuous. 

Length  of  front  wing,  12..5"'". 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  1441,  13007. 

INDUSIA  Bosc. 

In  certain  parts  of  Auvergne,  France,  rocks  are  found  which  for  a  thick- 
ness of  sometimes  two  meters  or  more  are  wholly  made  up  of  the  remains  of 
the  cases  of  caddis-flies.  These  have  been  fre(|ueutly  mentioned  by  writers 
and  were  first  described  and  figured  by  liosc  early  in  the  century  under  the 
name  of  Indusia  tubulosa.  Oustalet  in  his  rec<'nt  treatise  on  the  fossil  in- 
sects of  Auvergne,'  describes  two  forms,  one  from  Clermond  and  the  other 
from  St.  Gi'rand,  which  he  distinguishes  under  the  names  Pluyganea  cor- 
entina  and  P.  gerandiiia,  iirincipally  from  their  difference  in  size  and  strength, 
and  a  distinction  in  the  minute  .shells — species  of  Paludina — of  which  the 
cases  are  composed. 

These  cases,  like  the  somewhjit  similar  ones  composed  of  grains  of  stone 
which  are  described  below,  are  all  apparently  made  by  species  of  Limno- 


VOL   XIII- 


Kibl.  Eculu  Hunt,  ^liiileti;  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  4,  pp.  101- Khi. 
-13 


194 


TKUTIAUY  INSBUrS  OF  NORTU  AMBRICA. 


))lii1iilii<,'  tlio  larvn:  of  wliicli  group  nro  roinarknblo  fo"  tlio  vnricty  of  ohjocts 
thoy  UHO  for  tho  cotiHtruction  of  tlioir  cuhoh.  It  would  hooui  doHirublo  ut 
pro8ont,  wliilo  placing  IiuluHiii  in  tliitt  group,  to  iiu-ludo  in  it  nil  Inrvnl 
cuHos  of  extinct  Trichoptera  until  they  can  bo  more  definitely  placed  or 
diHtinguiHlicd. 

ThuMO,  liowovor,  nro  not  the  only  instancea  of  larval  cnseH  of  Tricbop- 
torn  found  foHsil.  Ilepp,  in  1844,'  doHcribon  Honio  from  the  rockn  ut  I^eintadt, 
ncnr  Diirklieini,  under  the  name  of  Pbrygaueu  blumii,  and  Hoer  a  few  yenrH 
later  in  Iuh  classic  ivork  doHcribes  and  figures  a  Himilar  inatauco  from 
Ooningen,  tinder  the  nanuj  of  Pliryganoa  aiiti(iur.,  in  wliicli  the  caHo  waH  in 
part  made  up  of  bits  of  sticks.  Hut  tlio  most  surprising  discovery  of  this 
sort  is  that  of  supposed  larval  cases  of  Plnygaiiidii'  in  andjer."  According  to 
Dr.  Tlagon,  Pictot  thought  them  larval  cases  of  a  tineid,  but  Zeller  believed 
thoy  wore  trichopterous,  tho  larvai  still  renuxining  inclosed  and  appearing 
to  belong  near  Mystacides.  As  phryganid  larv«>  are  nquntic  almost  without 
excepti  .'U,  their  discovery  in  amber  is  certainly  surprising.  A  tube-like 
larval  case,  presumably  trichopterous,  has  also  been  described  under  the 
name  of  Phrygana^n  micncea  niul  figured  by  Fritsch*  from  tho  Cretaceous 
clay-schists  of  Kounic,  13ohcmia;  and  Marion*  describes  larval  cases  on  the 
leaf  of  a  fossil,  Nympluea,  in  Provence,  very  like  those  attached  to  similar 
leaves  to-day. 

InDITSIA   CALCIIL08A. 

PI.  »,  FiR.  1. 

IndMia  ralciiluM  Sciiilil.,  Hull.  V.  H.  Ocol.  (iooKr.   Siirv.  Torr.,  IV,  ri4'.'-.M:i  (1H78);  Ann.  Kep.  IT.  H. 
G(M»1.  Gfonr.  Siirv.  Tirr.,  XI,  »'.:iH-(i.T.t  ( 1^79) ;  in  Zittul,  llandb.  d.  Palii'imt.,  I,  ii,  77H,  Vig.  OKi(lt!W.). 

Dr.  A.  C  I'oide,  in  his  explorations  under  the  Survey,  discovered  in 
deposits,  which  ho  considers  as  probably  belonging  to  the  upper  Green 
liiver  group,  or  possibly  to  the  lower  part  of  the  Bridger  group,  beds  of 
limestone,  the  upper  floor  of  which  is  completely  covered  with  petrified 
cases  of  caddis-flies,  all  belonging  to  a  single  species,  which  nmy  bear  tho 
name  we  have  applied  to  it  above.  They  vary  from  14  to  IK"""'  in  length, 
from  4  to  5'"™  in  diameter  at  th<!ir  open  anterior  extremity,  and  from  .'{  to 

'.See  on thiH point  McLachliin,  I'mo.  Bnt.  Soo.  Lond.,  18H!i,  lH-1',). 
'.lalin-Hli.  rnlllchia,  vol.  2,  pp.  IS)-2:J. 

^Dorondt,  neniHt.  bcriiidl.  orRan.  Ronto  Vorw.,  vol.  9.,  pt.  1,  p.  131. 
'Arcliiv.  natiirw.  Landiwdnrclif.  Riiliiii.,  vol  1,  p.  (Vi;  Voamfr,  vol.  l;l,  p.  WH, 
*8*porta,  Organ,  prulil.  auu.  inerH,  'H-'M>,  PI.  'i,  Fig.  ii. 


NKUUOrTKKA-TKlCIIOl'TEKA— I'llUYdANID.K. 


195 


H 


3,2"""  lit  their  poHtorlor  otid,  tlio  tlilcknons  of  the  wiiUh  boin^f  iihoiit  0  75""". 
Ah  will  1)0  8001)  l)y  tliono  iiioaHiiroiiioiitri,  tlio  vamm  iiro  ti  littlo  liirjror  ut  tliuir 
mouth,  but  othorwiso  thoy  aro  cyliiidricHl,  taper  with  portbot  roj^iilarity,  luid 
are  Htraight,  not  Hlightly  (survod,  aH  in  inauy  phryganld  caHOH.  Thoy  are 
iMMuplotoly  covorod  with  niiuuto,  ronndod,  WHtt'r-w«)rn  pobbloH,  apparently 
of  'piart/,  generally  8ul)HphericaI  or  ovate,  and  varying  fronj  one-third  to 
tw(»-tliirdH  of  a  niillimeter  in  mean  diameter;  they  thux  give  the  oaHOH  a 
granulated  appearance.  Nearly  all  the  caHOH  are  filled  with  calcureouH 
material,  but  some  aro  em|)ty  f(U'  a  Hliort  dintancro  from  their  mouth,  luid  in 
uno  case  the  inner  lining  of  tliiH  part  of  the  caMo  has  a  coating  of  minuter 
calcareouH  j>artieleH,  evidently  dt^posited  therein  after  the  case  was  vucMited. 
Ah  the  proHont  thicknoHS  of  the  wuIIm  intlicates  (aH  also  the  Hi/^o  of  the  attached 
pebbles),  the  silken  interior  lining  of  the  case  nuist  have  been  very  Htout. 
This  foUowH  also  from  the  appearance  of  one  or  two  which  have  been 
crushed,  for  they  havo  yielded  along  longitudinal  linos,  indicating  a  parch- 
ment-like rigidity  in  the  entire  shell.  In  one  of  the  specimens  the  outer 
coating  of  heavier  pebbles  has  in  some  way  been  removed  by  weather- 
ing, and  has  left  a  scabrous  surface,  apparently  produced  by  minute,  hard 
grains  entangled  in  the  fibrous  meshes  of  the  web  ;  it  still,  however,  retains 
its  cylindrical  form. 

The  size  of  the  case,  its  form,  and  the  material  from  which  it  is  con- 
Hiructod  seem  to  indicate  that  it  belonged  to  some  geims  of  Limnophilida>, 
near  Amibolia. 

Horde  Creek,  Wyoming.     Dr.  A.  C.  Peale. 

Subfamily  PHUYOANin/IO  Stophons. 

This  subfamily  of  caddis-flies,  comprising  the  larger  species,  is  found 
only  in  the  northern  portions  of  the  globe,  and  is  numerous  neither  in  species 
nor  in  genera ;  novertholess  it  is  the  only  group  of  caddis-flies  whoso  remains 
have  hitherto  been  found  in  rocky  strata,  if  we  excei)t  tho  larval  cases,  of 
which  there  is  likely  to  be  more  or  less  (piestion.  And  it  is  not  a  little 
strange  that  they  have  been  found  in  several  distinct  places,  ranging  from 
Aix  in  the  Oligoceno  to  Parschlug  in  the  upper  Miocene.  Mombach,  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  and  Atanuterdluk,  in  Greenland,  have  also  furnished  species. 
From  amber  also  three  species  are  known,  and  now  we  have  three  more 
species,  including  a  new  generic  form,  to  add  from  the  strata  of  Colorado 


196 


TKKTIAUY  INSECXa  OP  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


It  is  not,  however,  iis  in  Europe,  the  only  subfamily  represented  in  the 
strata,  tlu'oe  others  being  also  represented  and  one  of  them  much  more 
largely.     (February,  1884.) 

NKUUONIA  Leach. 

A  single  small  species  of  this  genus  has  been  described  from  amber  by 
Pictet  and  Il.igen,  wlii(;h  the  latter  conii/ares  with  the  living  N.  reticulata. 
The  one  hero  described  is  the  first  known  from  the  rocks,  and  is  a  consider- 
abl}'  larger  species,  and  with  somewhat  peculiar  neuration.  The  genus  is 
well  represented  at  the  present  time  over  all  North  America,  and  besides  is 
found  only  in  Europe. 

NkUKONIA    EVANK8CKN8. 
ri.  l.i,  Fig.  3, 

A  single  specimen  of  a  large  species  of  phryganid  is  referred  to  Neu- 
roiiia,  although  the  Jieuration  appears  to  be  somewhat  abnormal,  the  cross 
neuration  on  either  side  of  the  sector  not  being  continuous.  The  insect  is 
preserved  on  a  lateral  view,  showing  the  head  iind  body,  the  superposed 
wings  of  one  side,  and  all  but  the  base  of  the  other  front  wing  e.xtended  be- 
low the  bod}',  together  with  one  hind  leg. 

The  upper  half  of  the  overlapping  wings  is  much  darker  than  the  lower 
luilf  and  shows  some  mottling  near  the  tip,  which  is  not  the  case  in  the  other 
wing.  The  single  front  wing  is  of  a  uniform  brownish  fuliginous  tint,  but 
broadly  obscured  in  tliu  jniddie  of  t1>'^  wing  by  accident  of  preservation  over 
a  large  pale  area,  in  which  al.so  tlie  veins  are  near'}-  lost.  This  accounts  for 
the  inaccuracy  of  the  drawing  f»ii  the  plate. 

The  front  wings  nio  snbtriangular,  less  than  two  "^.nd  one-half  times 
longer  than  broad,  their  greatest  breadth  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  half;  the 
costal  margin  is  gently  arched  in  the  apical  half,  the  apex  roundly  pointed, 
the  apical  margin  almost  striight  in  the  middle  half  and  inclined  at  a  rather 
sharp  angle  with  the  costal  margin. 

Tli(^  shape  of  the  a\  lugs,  as  well  as  tlie  brevity  of  the  discal  cell,  renders 
it  proltable  that  the  species  should  be  referred  to  Neuronia  rather  than  to 
Phryganea  or  Agrypnia,  though  if  is  impossible  to  determine  clearly  whether 
there  is  a  cross-vein  l)etween  the  subcostal  vein  an<l  the  costa.  The  radius 
has  a  broad  superior  arch  below  the  extremity  of  the  subcostal  which  renders 
it  probable  that  it  exists,  and  that  it  can  not  therefore  be  referred  to  Agryp- 


NEUKOPTBBA— TlllCUOPTERA-rHKYOANlDil!:. 


197 


nia.  The  upper  brancli  of  the  sector  originates  earlier  than  usual,  close  to 
the  base  of  the  discal  cell,  which  is  short,  as  in  Neuronia,  but  only  because 
the  cross-veins  which  terminate  are  carried  to  an  unusual  distance  toward 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  are  therefore  'A'idely  separated  from  the  cross- 
veins  uniting  the  sector  with  the  cubitus — an  unusual  feature  in  this  sub- 
family, and  one  vvliich  with  its  other  peculiarities  renders  it  probable  that  it 
should  be  generically  separated  from  living  types.  There  is  also  lacking 
the  zigzag  arrangement  of  the  cubital  cross-veins,  though  their  exact  rela- 
tion can  not  be  determined  throughout.  The  hind  leg  bears  two  pairs  of 
tibial  spurs,  as  always  in  this  subfamily. 

The  length  of  the  body  is  indeterminable ;  the  length  of  body  and  wings 
together  in  repose  is  24""" ;  of  front  wing,  20.5""" ;  greatest  breadth  of  same, 
8.5™" ;  length  of  hind  tibia,  S.GS""™  ;  of  hind  tarsi,  4.65™". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  7728. 

PHRYGANEA  Linnd. 

Species  of  this  genus  are  by  no  means  unknown  in  a  fossil  state; 
indeed  it  is  the  only  genus  of  Phryganidne  which  has  heretofore  been 
represented  in  the  rocky  strata  by  remains  of  the  perfect  insect,  and  while 
only  two  species  are  known  from  amber,  four  have  been  described  from 
Tertiary  rocks  (Aix,  Mombach,  Parschlug,  and  Greenland)  and  a  fifth  indi- 
cated from  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Very  likely  some  of  these  may  be  found  to 
belong  elsewhere,  but  their  large  size  would  lend  a  probability  to  their 
proper  reference  here,  since  this  genus  and  its  allies  contain  the  largest  of 
the  caddis-flies.  We  have  here  a  single  species  to  add,  represented  wholly 
by  wings,  but  very  well  preserved.  The  genus  is  mostly  confined  to  North 
America  and  Europe. 

Phryqanea  labefacta. 

PL  13,  Fig.  5  (  ^  ). 

An  excellently  preserved  front  wing,  lacking  only  a  fragment  broken 
from  the  lower  outer  angle,  represents  a  male.  It  is  of  a  nearly  uniform 
smoky  brown  tinge,  with  much  darker  distinct  veins,  and  delicately  mottled 
with  faint,  pale,  circular  dots  which  are  larger  and  therefore  more  noticeable 
than  elsewhere  in  the  upper  outer  half  of  the  wing,  and  are  absent  from  the 
center.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  our  common  Neuronia  semifasciata  (Say) 
but  of  a  different  shape,  being  subquadrate,  about  three  times  longer  than 


198 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


broad  and  only  slightly  broader  apically  than  basally.  Tiie  apex  is  slightly 
pointed  and  the  outer  margin  apparently  slopes  more  rapidly  below  than 
above  the  apex.  Though  not  shovvn  in  the  plate,  the  subcosta  is  united 
near  the  tip  to  the  costa  by  a  cross-vein,  and  just  below  the  apical  cell  thus 
formed  the  radius  has  a  well-marked  distinct  arch.  The  cross-vein  closing 
the  cell  is  not  shown  in  the  plate,  nor  the  cross-vein  just  below  it,  into 
which,  rather  than  directly  into  the  cubitus,  the  first  nervule  below  the 
lowest  branch  of  the  sector  runs.  The  lower  cross-veins  also  do  not  appear 
on  the  plate ;  they  run,  as  in  the  modern  Phryganea  grandis,  with  a  slight 
j»»g  where  they  cross  the  basal  brancli  of  the  upper  cubital,  obliquely  from 
tlio  base  of  the  second  brancli  of  the  upper  cubital  toward  the  arculus. 
Indeed,  the  venation  of  the  lower  half  of  the  wing  closely  resembles  that 
of  the  modern  European  P.  grandis,  which  is  slightly  larger  than  the  fossil 
species.  'I'iiis  differs  from  that  in  only  one  or  two  points;  the  first  apical 
sector  parts  from  its  stem  at  the  middle  of  the  discoidal  cell,  the  lower  bor- 
der of  the  cell  is  as  full  as  tiie  upper,  and  the  cell  itself  is  jiroportionally 
shorter. 

Two  other  specimens  agreeing  in  neuration  with  the  preceding,  but 
with  tlie  lower  nervule  of  the  up|)er  branch  of  the  superior  cubitus  forked 
represent  females.  Like  the  male  they  are  represented  only  by  upper 
wings,  one  of  tliem  perfect,  the  other  broken  squarely  at  the  tip  by  the 
breaking  of  the  .stone  in  (quarrying ;  one  is  a  little  lighter  in  color  than  the 
male,  and,  as  it  were,  bleached  out  at  the  apex,  while  the  other  is  much 
darker,  almost  of  a  blackish  chocolate,  many  of  the  minute  spots  of  the 
mottling,  especially  in  tie  upper  part  of  the  wing,  appearing  quadrate  rather 
thai!  circuhir.  The  fourth  (female)  fork  is  nearly  as  deep  as  the  third,  ex- 
tending slightly  more  than  half-way  to  the  base  of  the  branch. 

Length  of  wing,  <?  20.2.')""",  ?  19.5'""';  of  discoidal  cell,  <?  ?  5.5'"'"; 
breadth  ^f  «-ir,g,  ,f  T'"™,  9  7.^'""'. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  407  (c?),  1016,  3897  (?). 


n 


LIMNOPSYCHE  gen.  nov.  (A/'/zk//,  ipvx^). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  a  genus  which  differs  somewhat  remarkably 
from  any  Phryganida',  but  n  Inch  .agrees  at  the  same  time  in  its  main  fea- 
tures with  the  subfaniily  of  Phryganida'  j)roper.  Li  his  monograph  on  the 
Trichoptera  of  the  Europmn  fauna,  Mr.  McLachlan  lays  much  stress  on 


NBUROPTEEA— TBIOHOPTERA— rnRYGANID^i. 


199 


M 


the  importance  in  generic  characteristication  of  the  presence  or  ahsence  of 
specified  apical  celluleS;  of  whicli  the  full  complement  in  the  anterior  wing 
is  nine ;  of  these  three  belong  to  the  area  of  the  sector.  In  the  present 
genus  we  have  an  additional  apical  cellule  in  the  field  of  the  sector,  one  of 
the  ramules  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  sector  being  divided.  In  all  other 
sjjecles  of  Phryganidaj  proper,  to  which  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  this 
genus  belongs,  both  the  ramules  extending  to  the  margin  from  either  side 
of  the  cross- vein  closing  the  discoidal  cell  are  simple ;  in  Limnopsyche  the 
upper  is  branched,  so  that  there  exists  an  "aj)ical  fork"  between  the  "first" 
and  ''second'  apical  forks  of  McLachlan's  terminology.  This,  however,  is 
not  the  only  peculiarity ;  the  anastomosis  is  broken  into  three  instead  of, 
as  in  true  Phryganidae,  two  parts,  the  cross-vein  uniting  the  sector  and 
cubitus  lying  far  toward  the  tip  of  the  wing,  while  the  remainder  of  the 
anastomosis  has  its  normal  place  near  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Moreover, 
the  median  cellule,  which,  as  in  other  Phryganidaj  proper,  is  open,  extends 
nearly  to  the  base  of  the  wing,  interrupting  still  more  markedly  the  anas- 
tomosis of  the  lower  half  of  the  wing. 

Although  only  a  portion  of  the  neuration  can  be  determined  in  the 
single  pretty  large  species  referred  here,  this  differs  so  much  from  the  exist- 
ing genera  of  true  Phryganidae  that  its  separation  from  them  is  indispen- 
sable. 

Limnopsyche  dispersa. 

PI.  13,  Fig.  2. 

There  are  three  specimens  provisionally  referred  to  this  species,  but  in 
only  one  can  the  neuration  be  traced  sufficiently,  and  it  is  upon  this,  which 
is  figured,  that  tlie  species  is  founded.  It  shows  a  dorsal  view  with  indis- 
tinct traces  of  ditferent  appendages,  but  with  the  wings  of  one  side  expanded. 
Especially  this  is  true  of  one ;  it  is  an  upper  wing,  but  toward  the  lower 
margin  a  portion  of  the  hind  wing,  crumpled  and  folded,  is  more  or  less 
mixed  with  it,  so  that  the  figure  is  not  perfectly  clear  or  probably  correct 
at  this  point.  The  main  features  of  the  neuration  have  been  pointed  out  in 
the  description  of  the  genus,  but  a  few  special  points  may  bo  added.  The 
wing  is  about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  the  costal  margin 
well  rounded,  bringing  the  rounded  apex  down  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  the  lower  margin  (apparently)  full.     It  is  pale  brown  without  mot- 


200 


TEBTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOBTH  AMERICA. 


tling;  the  discoitlal  cell  is  very  long  and  slender,  nearly  one-third  the 
length  of  the  wing,  and  occupying  almost  exactly  the  middle  third  longi- 
tudinully.  First  apical  sector  arising  from  the  middle  of  the  discoidal  cell ; 
cell  between  the  sector  and  cubitrts  of  uniform  width  and  running  almost 
exactly  through  the  middle  of  the  wing,  terminating  some  way  below  the 
apex ;  cross-veins  uniting  the  sector  and  cubitus  more  than  half-way  from 
the  e  d  of  the  discoidal  cell  to  the  border.  As  the  other  cross-veins  are  in 
their  usual  place,  the  anastomosis  is  widely  scattered,  whence  the  specific 
name. 

The  other  specimens  are  poorly  preserved ;  they  agree  with  the  pre- 
ceding in  size  and  present  no  characters  in  opposition  to  it.  They  show  in 
addition  portions  of  the  antennic,  a  slender  stem  arising  from  a  rather  stout 
basal  joint ;  in  both,  however,  the  antennje  are  broken  shortly  beyond  the 
base. 

Length  of  body,  8"™ ;  of  front  wing,  8.25'""' ;  breadth  of  same,  3.25""" ; 
ength  of  hind  wing,  7"'"*. 

Florissant.     Three  snecimens,  Nos.  809,  860G,  8995. 


ORTHOPTERA.  Linn^. 


\ 


Although  a  group  of  great  antiquity,  some  of  its  divisions  (especially 
the  cockroaches)  being  abundant  in  Paleozoic  as  in  Mesozoic  rocks,  this 
order  of  insects  is  feebly  represented  in  Tertiary  times.  Part  of  our  lack 
of  familiarity  with  the  relics  of  those  days  is  due  to  tlieir  rare  occurrence  in 
amber,  a  fact  largely  due  to  their  generally  weak  and  brief  flight.  Indeed, 
hardly  a  dozen  species  of  the  entire  order  are  known  or  indicated  from  this 
source,  and  less  than  forty  species,  including  all  mere  references  as  distinct 
forms,  from  the  European  rocks.  This  number  is  nearly  equaled  by  the 
American  species  described  in  this  volume,  but  this  fact  is  largely  due  to 
the  great  preponderance  of  Foi-ficularijc,  wliich  comprise  more  tlian  a  third 
of  the  species.  The  numbers  in  the  different  groups  are,  p'^.haps,  too 
small  to  render  a  particular  comparison  useful,  but  we  may  note  that  the 
European  rocks  have  representatives  of  each  family  excepting  the  Phas- 
mida,  while  the  American  furnish  specimens  of  all  but  the  JIantides.  No 
Acridii  have  been  found  in  amber,  and  of  Locustariic  only  larvse  ;  Forficu- 
lariae  and  Mantidie  are  said  by  older  authors  to  have  been  found  in  amber, 
but  none  are  now  known,  the  undoubted  amber  remains  being  confined  to 
Blattariie,  Phasmida,  Locustari;e  (larvje),  and  Gryllides. 

In  comparing  the  European  and  American  Tertiary  orthopteran 
faunas  some  interesting  points  may  be  noted.  The  resemblance  of  both 
faunas  in  a  nearly  ecpial  degree  to  warm  temperate  or  subtropical  types  is 
not  a  little  curious,  combined  as  it  is  with  a  distinct  diff'erentiation  of  char- 
acter; for  even  where  the  same  subfamilies  are  represented,  as  they  gener- 
ally are,  the  genera  of  the  two  continents  are  widely  different.  In  the  tew 
cases  where  species  have  been  plac3d  under  the  same  generic  heading  it 
has  usually  been  by  the  use  of  the  genus  in  the  broad  sense,  indicating 
merely  subfamily  affinities,  and  the  species  themselves  are  widely  different. 
The  resemblance  between  the  two  countries  is  perhaps  most  marked  in  the 

201 


202 


TBRTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  ARIBRIOA. 


Forficularicc,  though  the  European  species  have  been  very  imperfectly  pre- 
sented as  yet.  Perliaps  tlie  most  marked  peculiarities  in  the  American 
fauna  as  distinguished  from  the  European  are  the  abundance  of  Forficu- 
laria?  of  a  common  type,  the  occurrence  of  Conocophalidjc,  and  the  absence 
of  Mantides,  Tettigidse,  Decticidje,  and  the  burrowing  as  well  as  the  slender 
Gryllides. 

As  a  whole  the  Orthoptera  of  Florissant  and  the  Green  River  deposits 
indicate  a  warmer,  not  infrequently  in  specific  cases  a  much  warmer,  cli- 
mate than  now  appertains  to  that  region,  though  tliis  is  true  to  a  less  degree 
of  the  saltatorral  Orthoptera  in  general  than  of  the  others.     (July,  1884.) 

It  is  not  a  little  surprising  to  find  so  many  American  species,  no  less 
than  eleven  being  already  obtained  from  Florissant,  a  number  more  than 
douiile  that  of  the  European  Tertiary  species,  and  all  apparently  belonging 
to  one  type,  not  now  in  existence.  It  is  not  impossible  that  a  nearer  study 
of  tlie  European  fossil  species  may  prove  that  they  also  belong  here,  as  one 
may  notice  in  them  the  same  simplicity  in  the  character  of  the  forceps. 

Some  of  the  Florissant  species  are  of  very  large  size,  much  larger  than 
any  which  are  found  in  temperate  regions,  and  the  presence  of  this  type  in 
such  abundance,  and  represented  in  part  by  such  gigantic  forms,  is  a  clear 
witness  to  a  considerably  warmer  climate  than  now  obtains  in  the  same 
region  even  at  the  level  of  the  lower  plains. 


Family  FORFICULARlyG  Latreille. 

Fossil  earwigs  are  not  unknown,  but  have  been  imperfectly  studied. 
Heer  gives  wood-cuts  of  two,  F\>rficula  rectji,  which  he  compares  with 
Forcinella  annuHpes  (IjU(\)  Uohrn,  and  F.  primigenia,  compared  with  the 
common  earwig,  i.  e.,  Forficula  auricularia  Linn ;  he  also  mentions  a  third, 
F.  niinuta,  compared  with  Labia  minor  (Linn.)  Leach.  These  all  come  from 
the  Miocene  of  Oeningen.'  Long  ago  Serres  spoke  of  a  species  allied  to 
Forficula  paiallela  Fabr.  and  F.  am'icularia  Linn,  (both  the  same  species), 
of  which  n>any  specimens  had  been  found  at  Aix  in  Provence.^  Perhaps 
Mr.  Oustalet,  when  he  resumes  again  the  publication  of  his  memoirs  on  the 
fossil  insects  of  southern  France,  will  acquaint  us  more  perfectly  with  this 
insect;  but  I  saw  no  specimens  of  Forficularise  in  his  hands  in  1873.     One, 

'  ll«er,  t:rw.lt  ilor  Schweiz,  2(1  edition,  p.  :VM,  flgg.  'M7,  208. 
'Serrea,  O^uguusiu  dos  tvrraiug  tertiaireo,  225, 


ORTHOPTERA— FORFICULARI^. 


203 


perhaps  two,  species  are  also  reported  from  Prussian  ambei.  Keferstein' 
speaks  of  an  ambor  species,  referring  to  Burmeister  (Handb,  Entom.)  but  the 
latter  mentions  only  some  crickets  ("Acheten")  "of  the  size  of  F.  minor." 
And  Germar  writes  that  up  to  1856  but  a  single  specimen  of  an  earwig  had 
been  found  in  amber,  a  larva  agreeing  so  completely  with  the  full-grown 
larva  of  Forficula  auricularia  that  description  and  illustration  were  supei-flu- 
ous.^  Gravenhorst  also  refers  to  a  German  species  from  amber.'  Finally 
Afassalongo  describes  and  figures*  a  species  from  the  Tertiaries  of  Monte 
Bolca,  which  he  calls  Forficula  bolcensis,  and  which  again  he  compares  to 
F.  auricularia  Linn.  This  species,  which  in  point  of  fact  is  much  nearer  F. 
albipennis  Muehlf  than  F.  auricularia,  seems  to  be  a  true  Forficula.  The 
same  may  perhaps  be  said  of  Heer's  species,  or  at  least  of  the  two  which 
are  figured  (none  are  described),  or  they  may  belong  to  the  same  group  as 
the  American  species,  though  one  at  least  of  them  is  much  smaller  than  any 
we  have  found.  But  in  Heer's  species  we  have  only  a  few  abdominal  joints 
and  the  forceps  from  which  to  draw  any  conclusion. 

A  couple  of  species  have  been  found  in  rocks  older  than  the  Tertiaries, 
Baseopsis  forficulina  Heer'  from  the  Lias  of  Schambelen  and  Forficularia 
problematica  Weyenb.,"  found  in  the  Jura  of  Solenhofen.  Although  the 
figures  given  of  this  latter  insect  are  very  obscure,  Weyenbergh  says  it  is 
an  earwig  "sans  le  moindre  doute,"  and  of  one  of  the  seven  specimens  found 
he  says  it  "  montre  k  I'extrdmitc  de  I'abdomen  les  deux  crochets,  dont  I'en- 
semble  repr^sente  une  sorte  de  pince,  et  qui  caract«^risent  le  genre  Forficula." 


LABI  DU  ROM  MA  gen.  nov.  (\a/3i?,  ovpd,  ofx/xa). 

In  first  describing  an  earwig  from  Florissant  I  referred  it  hesitatingly 
to  Labidura;  a  second  species  was  subsequently  placed  in  the  same  genus 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  first.  In  ray  study  of  the  much  more  abundant 
and  better  material  now  at  liand  I  was  at  first  inclined  to  refer  not  only 
these  two  species  but  all  the  others,  including  a  considerable  variety  of 
forms,  to  the  old  genus  Forficula,  the  structure  of  the  antenna?  in  particular 

■  Naturg.Knlkurp.,  vol.  W,  p.  331. 

«  Ueroudt,  Berniit.  bofliuU.  organ.  Reste  Vorw.,  vol.  2,  pt.  i,  p.  33. 

» (lebora.  sohles.  GeselUch.  vaterl.  Cult.,  18.M,  93. 

<Mii88alonf,o,  Stud,  pal.,  15-16,  pi.  1,  flg8.  5-7. 

*Heor,  Urwelt  der  Scbweiz,  2d  oditiou,  p.  94,  pi.  7,  fig.  5. 

•Arch.  Mus.  Teyl.,  vol.  ii,  p.  274. 


204 


TKBTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


accordin;^  more  t'loaely  with  Foi-ficiila  tlmn  with  I.abidura.     Hut  one  point 
after  anotlier  showed  Huch  diHtinction  from  Forticiilu  that  the  specicH  seem 
more  correctly  jiresented  wlicn  phiced  in  a  diHtinct  genus.     Whether  all 
l)elo)i<,'  there  h  perhaps  questionable,  especially  when  the  extreme  members 
of  the  genus  are  compared.     Moreover,  all  the  charncters  ujjon  which  the 
genus  is  founded  are  not  to  be  found  in  all  the  species  here  described,  as 
preserved  in  the  specimens  at  hand ;  but  in  the  order  in  which  I  have 
arranged  them  they  show  such  a  gradual  passage  from  one  to  the  other 
that  notwithstanding  the  diversity  in  general  aspect  and  in  size  between 
the  first  and  the  last,  I  can  find  no  good  characters  in  their  imperfectly 
preserved  structure  by  which  tiiey  should  be  separated.     The  genus  is 
without  doubt  nearly  allied  to  Forficula,  but  it  is  impossible  to  place  it 
there,  or  indeed  in  any  known  existing  genus  of  Forficulariai  on  account 
of  the  great  size  of  the  eyes.     These  are  not  only  as  large  in  front  as  in 
Cylindrogaster  and  Sphongophora,  but  instead  of  being  shut  off  from  the 
posterior  half  of  the  head,  as  in  all  living  Forficularise  known  to  me,  they 
extend  to  the  posterior  margin,  as  may  be  readily  seen  in. Figs.  3  and  12  of 
PI.  16;  that  is,  instead  of  being  anterior  they  are  lateral.     The  genus  is 
also  peculiar  for  the  great  simplicity  of  the  forceps,  which  are  long  and 
rather  (sometimes  very)  slender,  and,  with  a  single  exception,  where  there 
is  one  basal  tuotli.  they  are  entirely  unarmed.     The  antenuje,  where  they 
are  preserved,  show  some  diversity  of  structure  and  it  is  partly  on  that 
account  that  1  have  hesitated  about  keeping  them  together;  butai  a  general 
rule  they  are  comparatively  short,  not  extending  backward  beyond  the 
closed  tegmina,  rather  coarse,  the  joints  about  as  numerous  as  in  Forficula, 
the  basal  joint  not  \ery  long  nor  stout,  the  joints  in  general  shorter  compared 
to  their  width  than  in  Forficula.     All  the  species,  with  perhaps  one  excep- 
tion, are  winged,  and  all  have  tegmina  of  the  normal  form.     It  is  not  a  little 
curious  that  .several  specimens  have  the  wings  fully  expanded,  and  these 
show  in  all  their  main  features  the  same  characteristics  as  the  strangely 
folded  wings  of  earwigs  to-day,  showing  that  the  type  was  fully  developed 
in  this  early  Tertiary  period.     One  may  notice,  iiideed,  a  slightly  greater 
8imj)licity  of   structure    here    and   both    greater    simplicity    and   greater 
uniformity  of  character  in  the  forceps  of  the  fossil  species,  which  seem 
to  betoken  an  approach  toward  the  origin  of  the  type,  but  it  is  a  mere  sug- 
gestion,  or  scarcely  more  than  that 


OUTUOl'TERA— FOKl<  10  ULAlllAi.  206 

(.)iiti  of  the  specieH  here  described,  certainly  distinct  from  the  others,  is 
so  imperfectly  prewerved  that  no  name  is  given  to  it.  The  others  may  be 
distinguished  by  the  following  table  : 

Table  0/  the  uptcien  of  LahidnromnM, 

SpeoieN  of  largH  iiliie  with  very  long  furoepH  (the  totiil  ImiKth  nearly  or  quite  25"""). 

Male  I'orvepH  aIniuHt  oiio-halfaH  long  ar  body \.  L.  avia. 

Mall)  foritepH  gcnruely  more  than  one  tlilnl  the  lungtii  of  body t.  L.  ftormaniii. 

SpecivM  of  Hninller  m/m  and  shorter  foruepH  (only  »  little  oxceoding  '^O'"'"). 

Hind  margin  of  last  abdoininnl  Bogmont  of  male  strongly  an((iilated ;  no  pyglilltini  perceptible. 

:i.  L.  morlale. 
Hind  margin  of  Inut  abdominal  aogmcnt  of  male  Rtraight  or  nearly  straight ;  pygidinni  distinct  and 
Hoiii      iiiog  Iiirgn. 

Halo  forceps  witii  largo  projecting  interior  tooth  at  base 4.  A.  commir(um. 

Male  forceps  with  no  projecting  basal  tooth. 

Male  forceps  narrowing  almost  from  base &.  //.  terliarium, 

Male  forceps  with  cqnal  parallel  sides  for  some  tlistance  from  base. 

Male  forceps  comparatively  slender,  with  distinct  and  tolerably  strong  falcation. 

6.  L.  gilbertU 

Male  forceps  broad  beyond  the  bast,  with  weak  falcation 7.  L.  exfulatum. 

Species  of  much  smaller  size  and  generally  still  shorter  forceps  (the  total  length  about  1!>'"'"  or  less). 

Mule  forceps  stent  at  base,  much  smaller  and  equal  beyond S.  L.  litliophilum, 

Male  forceps  slender  and  delicate  throughout. 

Male  forceps  leas  than  half  as  long  as  abdomen  10.  £.  iii/ernum. 

Male  forceps  fully  half  as  long  as  abdomen 11.  L.  labeni. 

1.  Labiduromma  AVIA. 


PI.  16,  Figs.  5,  22  (  ^  ),  3,  11,  23  (  9-). 

Head  small,  rounded  triangular ;  antenna;  in  no  case  well  preserved, 
the  longest  fragments  scarcely  reaching  the  tip  of  the  tegmina,  the  basal 
joint  not  precisely  determinable,  but  apparently  about  twice  the  diameter 
of  the  stalk  and  subglobular ;  the  proximal  jointa  of  the  stalk  are  cylindrical 
and  from  two  to  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  so  that  if  composed  as  usual 
in  this  genus  the  antenna;  could  not  have  extended  l)eyond  the  tip  of  the 
tegt'iina;  palpi  shorter  than  the  disimeter  of  the  head,  nearly  as  stout  as  the 
antennte,  the  joints  half  as  long  again  as  broad.  Pronotum  nearly  circular 
but  subqujidrate,  ap[)arently  longer  than  broad,  and  narrower  than  the  head 
in  the  female  (where  it  is  better  preserved  than  in  the  male  specimens)  and 
the  opposite  apparently  in  the  male,  where  it  seems  to  equal  or  surpass  the 
head  in  breadth.  Tegmina  together  considerably  broader  than  the  head, 
and  square,  of  equal  length  and  breadth;  folded  wings  protruding  beyond 
the  tegmina  to  a  distance  of  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  latter.  Legs 
moderately  stout  and  not  very  short,  the  second  joint  of  the  tarsi  apparently 
cordate.     Abdomen  equal  with  parallel  sides.     Forceps  simple  but  of  great 


206 


TBItTIARY  IN8HCT8  OP  NOIlXn  AMBHICA. 


lon<rtli,  in  the  male  iih  long  <i8  tliu  abdomen  beyond  tlie  wing  tipH,  somewlint 
dopi'OHMod,  with  the  baHnl  third  straight,  its  basal  lialf  with  straight  and 
parallel  Hidet«,  its  apical  hiilf  narrowing  on  the  inner  Hide,  the  whole  inner 
margin  pinched  and  perhapx  >•  little  creniilated,  bnt  not  toothed  nor  beaded; 
the  distal  two-thirds  ver'  gently  and  slightly  arcuate,  scarcely  tapering,  the 
curve  increasing  slightly  toward  the  bluntly  rounded  tip.  In  the  female 
they  are  a  little  shorter,  unich  slenderer  and  apparently  cylindrical  througii- 
out,  scarcely  attingent  rt  the  base,  with  no  pinching  of  the  inner  edge  at 
the  base,  and  very  regularly  and  gently  tapering  to  a  more  delicate  but 
still  l>luntly  rounded  point ;  the  arcuate  curve  is  if  anything  a  little  stronger, 
and  conuneiices  from  the  base,  though  the  straight  basal  portion  of  the  male 
is  sometimes  indicated  !)y  the  ori^>;in  of  the  arcuation  (on  the  outer  edge)  at 
n  little  lomove  from  the  base.  l*ygidium  of  the  male  (not  shown  in  the 
figures)  triangular,  longer  than  broad,  half  as  long  as  the  greatest  breadth 
of  the  forceps,  the  apex  broadly,  bluntly  rounded;  in  the  female  as  long  as 
broad  and  as  the  base  of  the  forceps,  more  or  less  slightly  truncate  and 
rounded  at  apex. 

Length  of  l)ody,  excluding  forceps,  .r  19""",  <?  18-19'""';  breadth  of 
abdomen,  3.5-4""":  length  of  front  and  middle  femora,  2.r)'"'";  tibia',  1.76"""; 
tarsi,  l.S""'";  of  hind  feimmi,  2.8""";  tibia,  2.3""";  of  forceps,  ,f  S.fj"'"',  9  6.5"""; 
breadth  of  same  at  base,  S  1.4'"'",  ?  0.7""";  in  middle,  S  l'"'",  ?  0.4""". 

This  is  the  most  interest:  ig  of  the  Florissant  species  on  account  of  its 
great  size  and  the  long  and  simple  forceps.  It  is  twice  as  large  as  any 
living  species  of  Forficula. 

Florissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  11740,  13544  and  13545, 13547  {S), 
2855  and  35G7,  3832  and  5532,  5438,  8022,  11209  ($). 


2.  Labiuuromma  bokmansi. 

PI.  16,  Fig.  1  (i). 

In  the  two  specimens  referred  to  this  species  the  head  and  pronotum 
are  liadly  [)reserved,  but  so  far  as  can  bo  seen  appear  to  be  nmch  as  in  L. 
avia  in  relation  to  each  other  and  the  combined  tegmina ;  the  prothorax  is, 
however,  certainly  larger,  though  slightly,  than  the  heiid,  and  the  antennal 
joints  at  a  short  distance  from  the  head  are  three  or  four  times  as  long  as 
broad.  The  tegmin.i  are  large  with  l)roadly  rounded  posterior  edges,  and 
the  body  with  straight  parallel  sides ;  the  last  segment  is  as  broad  apicaliy 


OUTHOPTKllA— F0RPICULAUi;i<3. 


207 


a8  buHdlly,  mul  tho  hinder  edgo  is  Htraight.  The  forcopti  of  tliu  iiiiilo  (fonuilu 
unknown)  are  very  long,  flattened,  straight  on  tlio  basal  throo-lifths  (they 
are  given  with  a  slight  curve  in  the  plate),  and  beyond  gently  sickle-shaped; 
they  taper  very  gently  and  with  entire  regularity  to  a  bluntly  rounded, 
slightly  angulated  tip,  excepting  that  tho  basal  third  or  more  has  on  the  inner 
margin  a  thinner,  blade-like,  straight  flange,  increasing  the  width  by  nearly 
one-fourth.  Pygidiunt  small,  triangular,  equilateral,  with  a  blunt  apical 
angle. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  <?  18""" ;  breadth  of  abdomen,  3.5'""'; 
length  of  forceps,  6.3""';  breadth  at  base,  l-'i"";  in  nnddlo,  CTr)""". 

This  spocies  is  slightly  smaller  than  the  preceding,  but  resembles  it 
closely,  the  forceps  of  the  male  having  about  tiio  size  of  those  of  tlie  female 
of  L.  avia,  though  their  flatness  and  moile  of  curvature,  and  especially  of  the 
basal  opposition,  evidently  indicate  a  male. 

Named  for  M.  A.  de  Eormans,  of  Switzerland,  tho  well  known  student  of 
Forficulariae, 

Florissant.  Two  specimens,  No.  11180,  Prin^ieton  Collection,  No. 
1.603  (S). 

3.  Labidukomma  mortale. 

PI.  10,  Figs.  2,  C  (  3  ),  2»  (  9  ). 

Head  small,  well  rounded,  a  little  produced  anteriorly  ;  antennae 
moderately  slender,  probably  considerably  less  than  half  the  length  of  the 
body,  the  basal  joint  small,  scarcely  stouter  than  the  third  or  fourth  joint, 
less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  its  apical  half  cylindrical  and  squarely 
truncate ;  the  sixth  joint  considerably  longer  tlian  the  first,  and  scarcely 
more  than  three  times  as  lor»g  as  broad ;  palpi  shorter  than  tho  diameter  of 
the  head,  tho  joints  about  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Pronotum  suborbicular, 
a  little  smaller  and  no  broader  than  tho  head,  slightly  broader  than  long. 
Togmimi  together  consideiably  broader  than  the  pronotum,  perluips  almost 
twice  as  broad,  the  apical  edge  nearly  straiglit,  rounded  only  next  the  outer 
edge.  Wings  extending,  when  folded,  as  far  beyond  tho  tegmina  as  the 
lengti.  of  the  latter.  Legs  not  long  nor  stout,  the  middle  pair  situated  nearer 
the  h'uA  than  the  front  pair,  and  of  about  the  same  length  as  the  former, 
the  femora  flsittened,  about  twice  the  width  of  the  tibijc.  Abdomen  with 
nearly  parallel  sides,  a  little  broadest  just  behind  the  middle,  the  third  and 


208 


TKUTIAUY  IN8K0T8  OK  NORTH  AMKHKIA. 


Boiii('tiiiu;H  tlio  foiirtli  Hojii^mont  on  somo  HpeoimoiiH  with  taint  indinitinnH  of 
lutoriil  plicatioiiH  ;  last  H(><rinent  ii  littlt*  lon^^or  than  thu  prcrodin^,  narrowinjj; 
Hli^htly  poHti'i'loi'ly  witli  rnini<l(Ml  poHt(>rini'  an^^loH;  hind  niai')j[in  of  nuiht 
Htroii};])-  an^j^nhitod,  an  Hhown  in  Fig.  (),  of  foniaht  Htmight  with  niinutu  triun- 
fjidar  pyj^idiinn.  KorccpH  hrond,  Hattonod,  Htout,  h)ng,  and  nearly  Htraight, 
nti  \oi\<2;  art  tlio  foui  or  tivo  terminal  HognuMitx,  tlio  ImHid  two-tiftim  Htraight, 
ecpial,  tin*  attingi'nt  Inner  edges  thickened  HJightly,  the  next  two-fifths  nar- 
rower, particularly  l»y  the  excision  of  the  inner  edge,  tapering,  nearly 
straight,  the  apical  fifth  still  narrower,  more  tapering,  hont  slightly  inward 
and  bluntly  rounded  at  tip  (,?),  very  l)roa<l  and  flatttMied.  straight,  scarcely 
ta[)eriug  before  the  middle  ami  then  hut  slightly,  the  apex  apparently  twice 
as  broad  as  in  the  male  and  bluntly  rounded  (?\ 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  >(  If)..')-!?..'")"'™,  ?  18""";  broadthof 
head,  l.H""";  of  tcgmina,  3.5""":  of  aixhmien,  4.1V'"";  length  of  middle  and 
hind  femora.  IV"'" :  of  fore  femora,  1.7"'"';  middle  and  hind  tibia',  2.2""'; 
ore  tibiie,  1.2"'"";  length  ».f  forceps,  '  .^i.-V'"",  ;  l.f)'""' ♦ ;  breadth  of  same  at 
base,  /  l.O.V""',  ?  1.3'"'";  at  tip,  /  0:.W"". 

This  species  differs  from  the  two  preceding  species  by  its  shorter, 
broader,  and  straighter  forceps.  One  of  the  specimens  (Fig.  2)  was  taken 
by  mo  in  the  original  insect  beds  described  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale. 

Klori8.sant.  Six  specimens.  Nos.  305,  3705,6317  (<^),  H041),  13001  (?). 
No.  1.615  (c?),  Princeton  Collection. 

4.  Labiuuromma  commixtum. 
PI.  10,  Figs.  1(>,  17  (  9  ). 

Head  moderately  small,  well  roniuled,  the  posterior  border  a  little  trinj- 
cate.  Pronotnm  (•onsi(lerai)ly  smaller  than  the  head,  sub(|nadrate,  of  ecpud 
length  and  1)readth.  Tegmina  together  considerably  broader  than  the  head 
and  nearly  double  the  breadth  of  the  pronotnm  ;  each  of  the  tegmina  about 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  the  coriaceous  portion  of  the  wings  extending 
beyond  them  for  a  distance  e(pnii  to  half  their  length.  Legs  slender  and 
raiher  long.  Aixlona  n  slightly  expanding,  so  as  to  be  broadest  in  the  middle^ 
and  broader  than  the  tegmina,  yet  with  subparalh  !  sides ;  last  segment  a 
little  longer  than  the  others,  slightU'  broader  in  front  than  behind,  the  pos- 
terior margin  broadly  rounded.  I'ygidium  v(M"y  large,  being  at  base  ime- 
third  the  width  of  the  terminal  segment,  subtriangular  but  strongly  rounded, 


ORTJIOPTERA— FORFKUJLAUI^K. 


209 


with  very  bliuitly  roumlod  npex.  ForcopH  ofiimlo  broken  in  the  only  Bpocl- 
nion  Hoen,  hut  evidently  pretty  long  mid  niodemtoly  Htont,  the  portion  (half?) 
reniiiinin^  heing  nn  long  m  the  hint  two  HegnientH  of  the  nbdonien,  Mtraight, 
erpial,  He|>iimted  at  IxiHe  by  the  pygidiuni,  with  a  very  stout,  sharp,  triangii-  < 
lar,  interior  tooth  embracing  the  pygidiuni,  and  with  two  minute  distant 
teeth  or  tuberuleH  beyond  ;  in  the  female  distant  at  base,  straight,  flattened, ' 
simple,  unarmed,  tapering  regularly,  with  not  the  slightest  inward  curve, 
to  a  bluntly  rounded  tip,  one-third  the  width  of  the  base.  This  peculiarity 
reminds  mo  of  a  specimen  of  Labidura  ripariu  I  have  seen  with  perfectly 
straight  and  lamiiuite  forceps'. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  ,f  17,f)""",  9  17.5""";  breadth  of  head, 
(?  2.2.T"';  (if  pronotum.  ,f  1.75""";  of  closed  tegmina,  /  8""';  of  abdomen  <? 
3.5"'"' ;  length  of  forceps,  ,f  (broken)  4"'"',  9  3-3.5"'"' ;  breadth  at  extreme 
base,  ,T  0.8"'"',  ?  0.75""" ;  at  tip,  ?  0.25'""'. 

This  is  the  only  one  of  our  American  fossil  species  with  toothed  forceps. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  2877  (.(),  I«a2,  11208  (9). 

6.    LAniDUKOMMA    TERTIAKIUM. 

PI.  16,  Figs.  18,  21  («),  15  (9). 

Labidura  tntiaria  Soadd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Ottol.  Qengt.  Hiirv.  T«rr.,  II,  447-449;  Iff,  350;  IV.  &19. 

A  single  male  specimen  (  Fig.  18),  found  by  Mr.  Jesse  Randall,  and  brought 
home  by  the  Survey  under  Dr.  llayden,  formed  the  basis  of  the  following  de- 
scription :  The  head,  which  is  badly  preserved,  is  of  about  equal  length  ami 
breadth  behind  the  labrum,  so  that  as  a  whole  it  is  longer  than  broad,  but 
it  is  .sliglitly  narrower  than  the  pronotum,  and  has  large  eyes,  reaching  back 
nearly  to  tlie  hind  border — characters  which  are  scarcely  in  keeping  with 
the  reference  of  the  insect  to  Labidura ;  with  no  other  genus,  however,  does 
it  accord  so  well.  The  antenn.i'  are  too  fragmentary  to  furnish  -us  any  clew 
to  their  structure,  and  of  the  mouth  parts  notliing  can  be  determined.  The 
pronotum  is  of  about  ecjual  length  and  breadth,  quadrate,  the  anterior  angles 
bluntly  rounded,  the  posterior  border  very  broadly  convex,  the  margin  no- 
where elevated  ;  there  is  a  slight  but  distinct  median  sulcation,  fading  pos- 
teriorly. The  rest  of  the  thorax  is  of  the  same  width  as  the  j)ronotum  ;  the 
tegmina  are  twice  as  long  as  the  pronotum,  squarely  docked  at  the  tip ;  the 
folded  wings  reach  more  than  half  as  far  again  beyond  the  tip  ot  the  teg- 

'  Proc.  Bost.  Sot!.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  18,  pp.  ;f.J4-;tA'). 


VOL  XIII- 


■14 


210 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1   II 


mina,  and  in  tlie  sixHMnien  examined  are  partially  opened  on  the  rij^ht  side, 
so  818  to  sliow  incompletely  the  peculiar  rayed  arrangement  of  the  nervules. 
The  legs  are  short,  the  femora  broadest  in  the  middle,  the  tibia?  moderately 
slender  and  nlightly  bowed ;  but  the  tarsal  joints  are  too  obscure  to  deter- 
mine their  structure ;  the  faintness  of  the  legs  probably  shows  that  they 
were  paler  than  the  body,  which  is  of  a  griseous  brown.  The  joints  of  the 
abdomen  can  rcjadily  be  distinguished,  although  a  portion  of  some  of  them 
are  injured,  and  especially  of  the  third  segment;  this  renders  it  impossible 
to  decide  certaiidy  whether  plications  were  present  on  this  segment,  but 
there  are  no  signs  of  any  either  on  this  or  on  the  better-preserved  second 
segment ;  it  would  seem  as  if  'such  plications  should  be  seen,  if  present,  at 
least  on  the  second  segment,  for  the  abdomen  is  preserved  on  a  partial  side 
view,  and  the  portion  of  the  second  segment  where  plications  are  to  be  looked 
for  is  perfectly  preserved.  Tlie  abdomen  aj)pears  to  have  been  equal  as 
viewed  from  above,  although  the  greater  fullness  in  depth  of  the  middle 
joints  gives  the  specimen  a  great  height  in  the  middle;  the  last  segment  is 
large,  scarcely  narrowing,  and  furnished  with  a  pair  of  stout,  straight, 
tapering,  blimtly-pointed  forceps  as  viewed  from  the  side,  not  so  long  as 
the  tegmina,  and  apparently  curved  inward  at  the  tip.  The  insect  is  slightly 
smaller  than  tiie  common  Lal)idura  riparia  (Pall.)  Dohrn. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  17'""';  of  head,  2.2'"™;  br(  .adth  of 
same,  1.7o""";  length  ;)f  pronotuni,  1.9"'"';  breadth  of  .same,  2""";  length  of 
tegmina,  il.G"'"';  extent  of  folded  wings  beyond  tegmina,  2..")""";  length  of 
hind  femtn-a,  2.7.')""";  of  hind  tibia-,  1.75""";  of  forceps,  2..")"'"'. 

Since  the  above  description  was  published  I  have  seen  and  studied  four 
or  five  more  specimens,  .serving  to  modifv  and  extend  the  characters  before 
given,  as  follows:  The  head  is  fully  as  broad  as  and  not  narrower  than  the 
pronotuni.  The  anteini;e  reach  back  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  closed 
tegmina,  and  their  joints  are  cylindrical  and  about  four  times  as  long  as 
broad.  The  pygidium  is  roundeil  sul)triangular  and  moderately  large. 
The  forceps  of  the  male  are  very  simple,  being  straight,  with  parallel 
sides  at  the  very  base  (a.s  far  as  the  tip  of  pygidium),  then  narrowing 
rather  rapidly  on  the  inner  side  only,  the  blunt  apex  incurved.  Of  the  fe- 
males all  the  specimens  are  imperfect,  but  in  the  me  figured  the  forceps 
appear  to  be  laminate,  tapering,  entirely  simple,  and  not  incurved  at  the  tip; 
the  apical  jiarts,  however,  are  exceedingly  obscure  and  may  be  wrongly 


ORTHOPTBKA— FORFICULARIiE. 


211 


interpreted.  The  resemblance  they  show  to  the  female  of  L.  commixtum 
leads  one,  however,  to  believe  this  the  correct  view. 

The  species  resembles  the  preceding,  especially  in  the  female  speci- 
mens, but  the  forceps  of  the  male  differ  considerably. 

Florissant    Five  specimens,  Nos.  2779,  4925, 14688  (S),  8334,  9228  (?). 


6.  Labidubomma  gilberti. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  U{S). 

Head  small,  subtriangular,  with  well-rounded  contours.  Antennae 
reaching  to  the  tip  of  the  tegniina,  apparently  fourteen-jointed,  the  basal  joint 
obscure,  the  middle  joints  four  times  as  long  us  broad,  a  little  larger  in  the 
middle  than  at  the  ends.  Pronotum  ([uadrate,  scarcely  broader  than  long, 
distinctly  smaller  than  the  head,  and  scarcely  half  as  broad  as  the  combined 
tegmina;  posterior  margin  broadly  rounded.  Wing-veins  with  more  widely- 
spread  forks  before  the  median  break  than  in  L.  exsulatum.  Legs  short, 
the  middle  pair  midway  between  the  others  and  a  little  smaller  tlian  the 
hind  pair,  tlie  femora  broad  and  flattened,  twice  as  broad  as  their  corre- 
sponding tibiaj.  Body  moderately  broad,  with  straight  parallel  sides ;  the 
last  segment  three-quarters  as  broad  apically  as  basall}',  ihe  apical  margin 
nearly  straight,  the  sides  well  rounded.  Pygidium  minute,  triangular. 
Forceps  large  and  long,  the  basal  two-fifths  broad,  equal,  straight,  simple, 
attingent,  beyond  falciform,  much  smaller,  tapering  to  the  middle  of  this 
portion,  beyond  it  equal,  the  tip  bluntly  rounded  and  a  little  contracted  ((?); 
comj)aratively  slender,  straight,  parallel-sided  at  the  extreme  base,  beyond 
tapering  regularly  by  excision  of  the  inner  margin,  the  tip  slightly  incurved 
and  bluntly  terminated  (?). 

Length  of  ])ody  excluding  forceps,  S  15.5"'";  breadth  of  head,  2.3"'"; 
of  pronotum,  1.5"'";  of  combined  tegmina,  4.5'"";  of  abdomen,  3.8™"; 
length  of  forceps,  /  4.5'"'",  .^  3.25'"'";  breadth  at  base,  ,7  1.25"'",  ?  O.S""". 

The  species  has  a  more  modern  look  than  any  of  the  others,  and  in 
none  are  the  forceps  more  falciform,  reminding  one  to  some  degree  of  T'^or- 
ficula  aiiricularia.  It  is  named  for  Mr.  G.  K.  Gilbert,  of  the  U.  S.  Geolog- 
ical Survey. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  4736,  7352  (S),  8782  (?). 


212 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


7.  Labiduromma  exsulatum. 
PI.  16,  Fig.  12  (  9  ). 

Hetad  transversely  obovate,  only  a  little  broader  than  long,  the  front 
considerably  and  triangularly  produced,  the  hinder  edge  almost  straight  in 
the  middle.  Anteiinje  barely  reaching  to  the  extremity  of  the  tegmina, 
c(»nij)osed  of  ten  joints,  the  first  rounded  obpyriform,  nearly  as  broad  as 
long,  and  not  greatly  stouter  than  the  succeeding,  the  others  cylindrical, 
the  second  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  the  third  and  fourth  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  the  fifth  nearly  and  the  sixth  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  the  seventh  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  remainder  as  long  as 
the  seventh,  but  increasing  very  slightly  in  slenderness  to  the  tip,  which  is 
very  bluntly  rounded.  All  the  joints  are  not  shown  in  Fig.  12,  which  rep-; 
resents  the  specimen  in  which  the  antenna;  are  best  preserved.  Terminal 
joint  of  palpi  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  equally  rounded  at  each  extrem- 
ity, about  half  as  broad  as  the  antenna'.  Pronotum  suborbicular,  a  little 
broader  than  long  and  somewhat  narrower  than  the  head,  the  posterior 
margin  well  rounded.  Tegmina  together  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  the  pro- 
notum, each  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Wings  with  the  main  rays  contiimous 
in  direction  in  the  outer  half  of  tlie  wing,  the  branches  a])pended  interiorly 
and  not  diverging  strongly  at  base;  in  the  interior  half  widely  forked,  the 
forks  continuously  divergent.  Legs  moderately  short,  subequal,  rather 
slender,  the  middle  pair  apparently  inserted  nearer  the  front  than  the  hind 
pair,  the  tibia'  about  half  the  width  of  the  femora.  Abdomen  slender,  with 
parallel  sides  in  the  male,  fullest  beyond  the  middle  in  the  female.  Last 
segment  similar  to  the  penultimate  and  scarcely  smaller,  its  posterior  margin 
gently  convex.  Pygidium  unapparent.  Forceps  about  as  long  as  the  last 
three  segments,  laminate,  nearly  straight,  directed  backward,  the  basal  third 
straight  and  ecpial,  subattingent,  the  remainder  tapering  .slightly  and  equally 
with  a  slight  falcation  to  a  blunt,  sometimes  slightly  inciu'ved  tip  (^) ;  or 
appiircntly  .somewhnt  stouter  and  coarser  than  in  the  other  sex,  straight, 
laminnte,  tapering  throughout  with  no  falcation;  only  lateral  views,  how- 
ever, have  been  obtained  (?). 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  >■  16. .'>""",  ?  l.')""";  breadth  of  head, 
f  2  2'""':  of  ])ronotum,  '  1. •»""";  of  combined  tegmji^a,  '  'M)""" ;  of  middle 
of  abdomen,  '  .">  f)""",  v  4.2."/""';  length  of  antenna',  6'""';  of  forceps,  ,(  4'""", 
?  ;i.2r)'"'" ;  breadth  at  base,  <T  1  2'"' ;  at  tip,  <?  O.^fy"". 


ORTHOPTEBA— FOIlFICULARIiB. 


213 


This  species  is  closely  leLated  to  L.  gilberti,  but,  may  be  distinguished, 
at  least  in  the  male,  by  the  lesser  falcation  of  the  forceps.  The  legs,  too, 
are  shorter  and  smaller,  and  the  joints  of  the  antennte  less  numerous.  The 
sexual  difference  in  the  form  of  the  abdomen  may  be  due  to  the  mode  of 
preservation,  but  is  apparently  real. 

Florissant.  Ten  specimens,  Nos.  9201,  11172  and  13002,  13549  (<f), 
6503,  7707,  9442,  9967,  11521  and  13546,  13003,  13548  ($). 

8.  Labiduromma  lithophilum. 

PI.  16,  Fig.  19  ( 9 ). 

Labiditra  litlwphila  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  II,  359-260  (1876). 

A  specimen  from  Florissant  (sent  me  by  A.  E.  Foote)  and  figured  on 
the  plate  was  formerly  described  by  me  in  the  following  terms:  It  is  a 
female ;  the  body  is  much  flatter  than  that  of  I«ibidura  tertiaria,  the  abdo- 
men being  equal  on  a  side  view,  and  the  whole  surface  appears  to  be 
minutely  punctulate  ;  the  form  of  the  head  can  not  be  determined  ;  the  anten- 
na) approach  in  length  the  body  [the  first  joint  nearly  cylindrical,  scarcely 
enlarging  at  the  tij),  about  four  times  as  long  as  broad];  the  comparative  or 
actual  length  of  the  succeeding  joints  can  not  be  determined;  the  prothorax 
has  its  hinder  margin  entire  and  flat;  the  tegmina  are  a  little  longer  than 
the  prothorax,  their  hinder  edge  straight  and  apparently  oblique  ;  the  wings 
appear  to  have  surpassed  the  tegmina ;  the  legs  are  very  short  (especially 
the  femora)  and  not  stout ;  the  abdominal  joints  are  of  equal  length  ;  the 
forceps  are  peculiar,  having  the  appearance  of  being  strongly  bowed, 
although  the  specimen  is  a  female ;  they  are  very  stout  at  the  base,  rapidly 
and  regularly  diminish  in  size  on. the  basal  half  (which  is  about  equal  in 
length  to  two-thirds  the  last  abdominal  joint),  beyond  which  they  are  equal, 
about  half  as  stout  as  the  base,  apparently  bent  rather  strongly  inward,  and 
very  broadly  rounded  at  the  tip,  a  form  of  forceps  I  have  never  seen  in  any 
living  earwig. 

Length  of  body,  including  forceps,  14.5""";  of  antennae,  ll"™;  prono- 
tum,  1.85"'"';  tegmina,  2.5""";  hind  femora,  1.8""";  forctps,  2.25"'"'. 

The  portion  of  the  description  included  above  in  brackets  has  since 
been  proved  incorrect  on  closer  study,  and  the  whole  of  the  anteniue  in  Fig. 
19  incorrect.  The  additional  specimens  are  very  imperfect  and  only  serve 
to  show  the  general  reseml)lance  of  this  species  to  the  others  of  the  series. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  231,  316,  8837  («?). 


214 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


9.  Labidukomma  sp. 
PI.  Ifi,  Fig.  24. 

A  single  specimen  showinjif  the  terminallialf  of  the  alulonien  represents 
a  species  evidently  distinct  from  the  others  hy  the  form  of  the  forceps ;  hnt 
as  a  fair  view  of  even  these  is  not  presented  no  name  is  attached.  The 
specimen  shows  the  side  view  with  the  ventral  somites  turned  back  so  as  to 
show  tile  body  in  double  its  width.  The  forceps  have  the  aspect  of  those  of 
a  female,  and  appear  to  be  entirely  simple,  slender,  cyli"di'ical,  tapering  on 
the  basal  third  and  beyond  equal,  the  tip  apparently  a  little  incurved. 

Length  of  forceps,  2.3""" ;  width  (or  depth),  0.25''"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  fyllH. 

10.  Labidukomma  infernum. 

PI.  IC,  Fig.  7  ( <? ). 

Head  roundish,  of  about  equal  length  atul  breadth.  Pronotum  orbicular, 
apparently  of  the  same  width  as  the  head.  Tegmina  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
together  at  least  half  as  broad  agaui  as  the  pronotum,  the  hiu'I  edge  a  little 
rounded,  surpassed  only  a  little  by  "the  folded  wings.  Legs  moderately 
long,  the  middle  and  hind  pairs  subequal  and  considerably  longer  than  the 
front  pair,  the  femora  about  twice  the  breadth  of  the  tibia*.  Abdomen  full, 
tapering  posteriorly,  the  last  segment  a  little  longer  than  the  others.  For- 
ceps as  long  as  the  last  three  segments  of  the  abdomen,  slender,  subequal, 
regularly  arcuate,  and  bluntly  j)ointed  at  apex  (,?).  The  only  specimen  be- 
ing preserved  on  a  side  view  agoodopportnnit}-  is  not  afforded  to  determine 
upon  the  form  of  many  of  the  parts.  The  sex  is  determinable  by  the  num 
ber  of  abdominal  .segments. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  11""";  of  forceps,  A""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Xo.  2604  (,?). 

11.  Labidukomma  labens. 
PI.  W,  Fiys.  l.J,  l(i  ( .J  ),  0  (iiniiiatun"). 

Head  suborbicular,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  the  posterior 
margin  .somewhat  Hattened,  the  mouth  parts  roundly  and  not  very  strongly 
produced,  the  eyes  very  large,  occupying  the  entire  breadth  of  the  head, 
the  margin  being  nearly  continuous  with  the  outer  margin  of  the  protliorax. 


ORTDOPTEKA— BLATTAIILE. 


215 


Antennae  rather  stout,  the  basal  joint  stout  and  tapering,  the  second  short, 
the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  subequal,  the  fourth  as  long  as  and  the  sixth 
longer  than  the  first  and  cylindrical.  Pronotum  subquadrate,  broadening 
a  little  and  regularly  from  in  front  backward,  the  angles  well  rounded  off, 
at  its  broadest  a  little  narrower  than  the  head,  with  a  median  impressed  line. 
The  specimens  hardly  show  with  certainty  whether  the  species  was  winged 
or  not,  but  there  are  some  signs  which  can  hardly  be  satisfactorily  explained 
unless  it  were  provided  at  least  with  tegmina  and  that  the  tegmina  were 
obliquely  truncate  at  the  tip,  so  as  to  form  an  obtuse  angle  with  each  other 
when  closed,  the  angle  open  backward.  Metathorax  considerably  broader 
than  the  head.  Legs  rather  short  and  rather  slender,  the  tibia;  more  than  half 
as  broad  as  the  femora.  Abdomen  rather  long  and  slender,  with  parallel  sides, 
of  about  the  same  width  as  the  metathorax,  the  segments  subequal,  about 
three  times  as  broad  as  long,  the  whole  surface  very  weakly  and  distantly 
punctate.  The  last  segments,  seventh  to  ninth,  decrease  rapidly  in  size, 
together  forming  a  half  circle,  so  round  and  regular  is  the  curve  of  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  body.  There  is  a  small,  bluntly  rounded  pygidium.  The 
forceps  of  the  male  are  very  slender,  almost  as  slender  as  the  antenna;, 
cylindrical,  equal  nearly  to  the  tip,  about  as  long  as  the  last  five  segments, 
tiie  extreme  base  directed  inward,  beyond  nearly  straight  and  slightly  di- 
vergent, the  apical  fourth  incurving  slightly  and  tapering  a  very  little  to  a 
blunt  point. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  10.25°"";  of  forceps,  3.4°"". 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  5004,  6318,  7118,  11674, 14471  (<?). 


Family  BLATTARI^  Latreille. 

Although  this  group  of  Orthoptera  is  the  most  richly  represented  of 
all  insects  in  the  Paleozoic  series,  and  has  a  great  variety  of  forms  in  the 
Secondary  rocks,  most  of  whicli  are  much  more  nearly  related  to  existing 
types  than  their  i)redecossor8  of  Carboniferous  and  Permian  times,  yet  very 
few  species,  and  tliose  imperfectly  preserved,  are  known  from  the  Tertiaries. 
A  few  species  occur  in  amber,  and  two  or  three  others  in  various  deposits. 
Only  three  species  have  been  found  in  this  country,  and  no  one  of  them  is 
well  preserved.  Tiiey  all  appear,  however,  to  belong  to  American  types, 
and  to  such  as  are  now  found  only  in  the  warmer  regions.     (June,  1884.) 


2^6 


TEllTIAllY  INSECTS  OF  iJOltTU  AMEKIOA. 


PARALATINDIA  Saussure. 

This  peculiar  genus,  wliich  is  nearly  allied  to  the  equally  striking 
Latinilia,  and  from  which  Saussure  considers  it  should  only  be  distinguished 
subgenerically,  is  known  only  by  a  single  species  from  Mexico ;  Latindia 
comes  from  Mexico  and  Brazil.  The  occurrence  of  a  fossil  of  this  ;jroup, 
differing  considerably  from  the  known  species,  is  a  curious  fact. 

PaRALATINDIA   8AUSSUREI. 


i 


PI.  C,  Fig.  25. 

Prothorax  concealing  tl'e  head,  smooth,  well  roundrd,  triangular,  a 
little  broader  than  long,  broadest  posteriorly,  the  hinder  margin  nearly 
straight,  the  front  strongly  convex,  almost  produced,  the  lateral  angles 
rounded.  Tegmina  extending  beyond  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  by 
about  the  length  of  the  pronotum,  together  considerably  broader  than  the 
pronotum,  ihe  costal  margin  pretty  strongly  arched.  Mediastinal  vein 
almost  completely  aborted,  the  scapular  running  parallel  to  ihe  jnargin  in 
the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  and  furnished  from  the  very  base  with  slightly 
oblique,  frequent,  distinct  cross-veins  running  to  the  margin  and  forming 
rhomboidal  cells  about  twice  as  broad  as  long;  the  next  vein  is  coiuiected 
with  the  scapular  by  transverse,  not  ob)i(iue,  tolerably  distant  cross-veins, 
and  similar  cross-veins  appear  more  or  less  in  the  apical  half  of  the  wing. 
The  obli(jue  fold  characteristic  of  this  genus  is  clearly  shown  in  the  detached 
wing  thrown  partly  forward,  but  the  species  differs  from  the  living  type  in 
its  greater  size,  considerably  larger  wings,  the  extreme  brevity  of  the  medi- 
astinal vein,  and  the  frequent  distinct  and  little  oblique  branches  of  the  scap- 
ular vein ;  nor  is  the  pronotum  in  the  least  hairy. 

Length  of  body,  5.5™'"  ? ;  of  pronotum,  LHS""' ;  breadth  of  same, 
2.25""" ;  length  of  tegmina,  5.2  /"'" ;  breadth  of  overlaj)ping  tegmina  at  rest, 
3.5"'".      • 

Named  for  the  (Mstinguished  entomologist.  Dr.  Henri  de  San.ssure,  of 
Geneva,  Switzerland. 

Green  lliver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  No.  137. 


ORTHOPTERA— BLATTARIiB. 


217 


ZETOBORA  Burmeister. 

This  genua  lias  not  before  been  found  fossil,  and  the  species  at  hand  in 
sonie  particulars  more  nearly  resembles  a  Blabera ;  but  its  size  accords  so 
much  better  with  the  species  of  this  genus  that  it  would  seem  more  properly- 
placed  here.  Both  Zetobora  and  Blabera  are  American  types  and  charac- 
teristic of  the  warmer  regions. 

Zetoboea  brunneri. 
PI.  17,  Fig.  12. 

A  species  is  indicated  about  the  size  of  Z.  monastica  Sauss.  It  differs 
from  the  ordinary  forms  of  Zetobora  in  the  regular  form  of  its  pronotum, 
which  resembles  that  of  a  Blabera,  and  is  scarcely  brojider  behind  than  in 
front,  very  broadly  rounded  in  front,  rounded  and  not  angulate  laterally,  and 
a  little  less  than  half  as  broad  again  as  long ;  it  is  narrowly  and  delicately 
marginatebut  nowhere  distinctly  reflexed,  perfectly  smooth,  and  completely 
covers  the  orbicular  head  ;  it  is  light  colored  but  edger,  larrowly  with  black. 
The  tegmlna  are  thin  and  provided  with  closely  approximate  multitudinous 
dark  veins  ;  their  exact  length  ran  not  be  determined.  The  legs  are  moder- 
ately slender  and  show  a  few  signs  of  delicate  spines  in  such  a  way  as  to 
indicate  that  others  not  seen  existed,  and  therefore  nothing  can  be  said  of 
them. 

Length  of  body,  17"""-;  of  pronotum,  4.6""";  breadth  of  same,  G™"; 
length  of  tegmina,  20™"'!;  of  middle  femora,  5™"'. 

Named  for  the  distinguished  orthopterologist,  Dr.  Carl  Brunner  von 
Wattenwyl,  of  Vienna. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5122. 


HOMCEOGAMIA  Burm. 

A  single  fossil  species  is  referred  here,  and  it  is  interesting  to  find  that 
one  of  the  few  species  described  from  the  European  Tertiaries  has  been  re- 
ferred by  Heer  to  Heterogamia,  a  name  then  used  to  include  both  Poly- 
phaga  and  Ilomceogamia.  The  species  of  Homoeogamia  are  few  in  number 
and  found  only  in  the  warmer  parts  of  America. 


)\ 


218 


TBUTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NOKTU  AMERICA. 


IIOMCKOQAMIA   VENTRIUSA. 

PI.  17,  Fig.  8. 

Homctofiamia  rtntriotut  HoiiiUl.,  null.  U.  8.  GimiI.  Uuogr,  Surv.  Terr.,  I,  p.  447  (IWO), 

The  reiiiaiiiM  upon  wliirh  tlu8  species  h  bnaoil  coiisiHt  of  the  a|)icnl)>')r- 
tion  of  tlio  ventral  surface  of  an  abilonien.  Five  sey'ments  are  seen  in  n;*'- 
ural  juxtaposition,  allowing  tliat  the  apical  portion  of  the  abdomen  was  very 
reyulaily  rounded,  almost  exuctly  semicircular,  the  terminal  segment  pre- 
senting no  break  in  the  regular  continuity  of  the  curve.  Thi.s  segment  was 
ample,  broader  than  long,  aiul  probably  neither  very  tumid  nor  greatly 
keeled;  for  in  the  present  perfectly  flattened  condition  of  the  fossil  there  is 
neither  break  nor  folding  of  the  integument;  the  two  segments  following 
this  are  very  strongly  arched  (the  penultimate  being  semicircular)  and 
greatly  contracted  at  the  middle,  so  that  this  portion  is  not  less  than  half  as 
long  as  the  lateral  parts ;  the  anterior  border  of  the  antepenultimate  segment 
is  straight  along  the  middle ;  the  segment  anterior  to  this  is  also  arched, 
though  not  strongl}-,  is  oppositely  simuite  (as  are  to  a  less  extent  the  seg- 
ments posterior  t(»  it),  and  also  nuich  contracted  in  the  middle,  so  as  to  be 
less  than  half  as  long  as  at  the  sides ;  while  its  predecessor  is  slightly  arcu- 
ate in  the  opposite  direction  (probably  exactly  transverse  in  life),  and  equal 
or  suijequal  throughout.  All  the  segments  are  uniformly,  rather  abundantly, 
and  very  delicately  granulate  throughout.  There  is  no  trace  of  cerci,  but 
the  place  where  they  should  occur  is  too  broken  to  assert  that  they  did  not 
exist  externally  ;  still  the  conformation  of  this  region  would  lead  one  to  sup- 
pose that  they  nm.>*t  have  been  excessively  minute,  and  perhaps  altogether 
concealed  within  the  segnusnts,  as  in  Cryptocercus  Scudd. 

Length  of  fragment,  S""";  width  of  same,  12.2.')'""';  length  of  terminal 
segment,  .'5.6'°"';  width  of  same,  C.ii'"'";  length  of  antej)enidtimate  segment 
in  the  middle,  0.6'"'";  at  the  sides,  1.H5"'"'. 

1  have  referred  this  species  to  Honutogamia  with  some  doubt ;  on  some 
accounts  it  would  seem  to  lie  more  nearly  allied  to  I'olyphaga;  but  as  the 
specimen  is  too  fragmentary  to  allow  of  more  exact  determination  I  have 
preferred  to  jdace  it  in  the  New  World  genus  rather  than  in  its  close  ally, 
which  is  restricted  to  the  Old  World.  Cockroaches  of  such  large  size  are 
indigenous  in  warm  climates  only. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Mr.  T.  L.  Mead,  No.  H. 


:(    I 


OUTUOPTEBA— PHAHMIDA. 


^19 


I 


Family  PHASMIDA  Leach. 

Fossils  of  this  family  are  among  tho  great  raritios.  Yet  they  have 
been  found  even  in  carboniferous  times,  as  has  been  abundantly  shown  by 
Hrongniart.  In  a  collection  of  over  three  thousand  amber  insects  possessed 
by  IMenge  a  dozen  only  belonged  to  this  family  and  represented  three 
different  genera.  But  excepting  in  amber,  they  have  never  before  been 
recovered  from  Tertiary  deposits  The  single  specimen  found  at  Florissant 
is  not  very  far  removed  apparently  from  the  curious  amber  genus  Pseu- 
doperla,  but  is  more  nearly  allied  to  forms  pecdiar  to  the  warmer  parts  of 
America.     (June,  1884.) 

AGATIIEMERA  Stfil. 

This  genus  is  composed  of  few  and  exclusively  American  species  hav- 
ing a  rather  stout,  compact,  and  brief  form  for  Phasmida.  All  the  genera 
in  the  inmiediate  vicinity  are  also  American,  and  none  of  them  have  before 
been  found  fossil. 

AOATIIEMERA   RECLU8A. 

PI.  17,  Fig.  11. 

The  brevity  of  the  legs,  aborted  condition  of  the  organs  of  flight 
short  mesothorax,  and  comparatively  stout  abdomen  not  tapering  apically 
make  it  tolerably  certain  that  the  species  here  found  fossil  belongs  to  the 
group  formerly  classed  in  Anisomorpha,  and  is  more  nearly  related  to  Agath- 
emera  than  any  other  known  genus.  The  head  is  quadrate,  stout,  a  little 
longer  than  broad ;  the  pronotum  is  comjjosed  of  a  larger  quadrate  piece, 
narrowing  rapidly  in  front  of  the  insertion  of  the  legs,  posterior  to  the  con- 
traction about  equally  broad  and  long,  but  with  it  half  as  long  again  as 
broad ;  mesothorax  a  little  broader  posteriorly  than  in  front  and  twice  as 
broad  as  the  head,  bearing  t<.j;inina  with  rounded  tips  just  reaching  its 
posterior  margirt,  the  segment  of  equal  length  and  breadth  and  a  little 
longer  than  the  other  segments  of  the  thorax ;  metathorax  taj)ering  apically, 
nearly  as  long  as  its  g,  eatest  breadth,  but  shorter  than  the  mesothorax,  and 
bearing  small  functionless  wings,  not  surpassing  its  borders.  A  slight 
raised  median  line  on  the  front  half  of  the  thorax.  Abdomen  stout,  enlarg- 
ing a  little  in  the  posterior  half,  all  the  segments  broader  than  long  by 
about  an  equal  amount.    The  last  segment  of  the  abdomen  is  not  preserved, 


220 


TERTIAUY  INSKUTS  OF  NOKTII  AMEUICA. 


but  tlio  spoclmon  would  appoar  to  be  a  male.  The  legs  aio  moderately 
stout,  the  hind  femora  reachinj^  to  about  the  tip  of  the  fourth  abdouiiiuvl 
Hegmeiit. 

Length  of  body,  20""" ;  of  head,  1.6"'"' ;  of  pronotum,  2.75""" ;  of  meso- 
notum,  3""";  of  metun(ttun»,  2.fl'""' ;  breadth  of  head,  1.2r)""";  of  pronotum, 
l.TfV""';  of  mesonotum,  3"'"';  length  of  fore  and  middle  femora,  8,26""";  of 
hind  femora,  4.75'""' ;  of  hind  tibiiv,  5"'"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5817. 


Family  ACRIDII  Serville. 

Only  ten  Acridii  have  been  published  as  found  in  the  European  Ter- 
tiaries  and  most  of  these  behtng  to  the  (Edipodidaj  or  have  been  placed 
there.  The  exceptions  are  (Edipoda  nigrofasciolata  Heer,  Gomphocerus 
femoralis  Heer  and  Acridium  barthelemyi  Hope  which  are  j)robably  Trux- 
alidie,  and  Tetrix  gracilis  Heer  which  is  certainly  a  Tettigidea.  The  six 
species  we  have  found  in  America  are  all  Truxalidie  and  (Edipodida*,  so 
that  all  but  one  of  the  known  species  belong  to  these  two  groups,  the  (Edi- 
podidat  liaving  half  as  many  again  as  the  Truxalida'  in  general,  though 
the  two  groups  ar'>  ecpmlly  represented  in  America.  It  is  not  a  little 
remarkable  that  no  Acridida^  proper  have  been  found  fossil.  This  group 
has  a  vast  develojjment  in  the  United  States,  and  together  with  Phyma- 
tidic  and  i'amphagida",  likewise  totally  uiu'opresented,  is  even  richer  in  trop- 
ic^al  regions.  The  subfamily  best  represented  may  be  considered  more  than 
any  other  a  denizen  of  the  temperate  regions,     (.iuly,  1884.) 

Subfamily  TRTTXALIDiE  Stdl. 

Nearly  a  third  of  the  known  fossil  Acridii  belong  to  this  group,  and,  aa 
stated  above,  it  contains  one-half  of  the  American  species.  The  reference 
of  Acridium  barthelemyi  Hope  from  Aix  to  this  group  is,  lio^vever,  somewhat 
doubtful,  the  species l)eiiig  imperfectly  described.  (Kdipoda  nij^rofa-sciohita 
Heer  from  Kadoboj  seems  to  beltmg  here  rather  than  to  the  (Edipodidse, 
for  the  vena  intercalata  is  wholly  absent  and  its  cK>se  resemblance  to  the 
large  subtropical  genus  Scyllina  Stal  renders  it  probable  that  it  belongs  to 
that  group  ;  a  new  resemblance  is  thereby  discovered  between  the  Kadoboj 
fos-sils  and  types  of  the  warmer  parts  of  America.     (July,  1884.) 


i^i^ 


ORTnOPTKUA— ACRIDII. 


221 


TYRBULA  ^on.  nov.  (rvpfttf).  ' 

This  imino  1h  proposed  for  a  group  of  Truxulidiv  ovidently  falliiiiL''  in 
cloao  proximity  to  Syrbiila  Still,  haviii<»'  liiiour  antoiniiv,  onlarjjfod  apically, 
und  hind  tibiae  well  provided  with  spines.  The  antenna' are  more  distinctly 
('Iiil)l)(>d  than  in  Syrbula,  the  club  btntig  about  twice  the  diameter  of  the 
stalk,  composed  of  seven  or  eight  joints  of  which  tlie  last  two  are  very  small, 
forming  a  rapidly  tapering  tip.  The  head  is  loss  prominent  than  in  Syrbida 
and  the  eyes  considerably  smaller,  l)eing  considerably  shorter  than  the  in- 
fra«)cular  parts  of  the  cheeks  ;  otherwise  the  general  aspect  of  the  insect  is  the 
same.  The  genicular  lobes  are  as  in  Syrbula.  The  hind  tibiic  are  abun- 
dantly spined,  in  one  species  even  much  njore  abundantly  than  in  Syrbula. 


Tabit  of  fhe  upteiei  of  Tyrbula, 

8|iliivH  oDiiiKl  tibiio  exccodiiiKly  nuineroiiH,  tliuir  basal  hulf  hardly  tnporiiig.. . 
Spines  of  liluil  tiliiiu  less  iininuraiiH,  tapering  nniforinly  tlironKliont 


1.  T.  mulHiipiHOia, 

., 8.  T.  nisnelli, 


1.  Tyrbula  multispinosa. 
PI.  17,  Fig.  13. 

Tliis  species  is  represented  mainly  by  fragments  of  liind  wings  and  hind 
logs.  Of  the  former  nothing  more  can  be  said  than  that  they  appear  to  have 
had  a  faint  smoky  tinge  with  numerous  black,  delicate  veins,  and  that  when 
closed  they  extended  a  very  little  beyond  tho  tip  of  the  abdomen.  The 
hind  legs  aro  long,  moderately  slender,  the  tibiic  armed  with  exceptionally 
tnimerous  spines  which  are  blackish,  of  uniform  width  to  beyond  the  middle, 
and  then  tapering,  mainly  by  the  excision  of  tho  under  edge,  giving  them  a 
slightly  upturned  appearance,  five  or  six  times  longer  than  their  breadth  at 
the  middle,  and  so  closely  set  that  the  interspaces  and  the  spines  are  of  equal 
breadth ;  they  decrease  in  length  very  regularly  toward  the  base  of  tho 
tibia  and  to  a  slight  extent  toward  tho  apex  ;  but  just  how  many  there  aro 
or  how  far  they  extend  toward  the  base  the  imperfect  natiu-e  of  the  only 
specimen  preserving  the  tibia  forbids  determining;  it  seems  ))robablo,  how- 
ever, that  the  number  exceeds  twenty-five.  The  specimen  from  Florissant, 
preserving  the  femur,  is  placed  hero  because  its  size  agrees  perfectly  with 
the  other  spocMineiis  and  its  form  indicates  the  relationship.  If  it  is  correctly 
placed,  tho  fenuir  is  stouter  and  less  delicately  attenuated  than  in  tho  next 
species. 


mm'mmmmi'<mm 


ji 


222 


IKirriAUY  INSI'Un'H  OV  NOIITII  AMKItlCA. 


liCMjffli  of  fomur,  17.r>"'"' ;  hroudth  of  Humu,  U.r)""  ;  Ituigtii  of'Iiind  win(ffi, 
23.5""" :  of  Ioiijr,.Ht  til)ial  HpincH,  O.H""". 

(irccn  Uiv«'r,  Wvoniiii;,'.  Two  Hpcoinu'iiH,  Noh.  1M8  and  140,  Dr.  A.  A 
I'ackanl;  No.  ft  I,  I'rof.  L  A  Li'o.  FloriHHant,  Colorado.  Ono  Hpocimoii, 
No.  14720,  collectod  by  MisH  C.  11.  IJIatcliford. 

2.    TyRIU'LA    KUN8ELLI. 
PI.  17,  FiRM.  1-4. 

A  coiipli*  of  ('X('»>lloiitly  prcHcrvtMl  Npeciinens,  oxliihitiii}?  n  hmIo  view, 
hIiow  most  of  tlio  body,  tlu'  aiitciiiia',  ch^soil  tormina  with  imdcrlyinj^  wiiijjs, 
front  and  hind  h^<rs,  and  part  of  the  nii(hn«  lo^s.  Tho  hitad  itt  not  very 
prominent,  with  rounded  vertex,  niod«'rately  full  retroatinj;  front,  eyes  ratlier 
small,  .superior,  oval,  conHiderahly  shorter  than  thudiHtuneo  from  thoir  lower 
odjife  to  the  hnm  of  tho  n)andil>le.s ;  the  antonnie  are  nearly  half  as  lonjr  uh 
the  body,  .strai<,dit,  very  slender,  tho  apieal  fifth  expandin^r  to  n  dub  of 
twice  the  diameter  of  the  stalk,  tho  middle  joints  of  which  (Fig.  1)  aro  nearly 
twice  as  broad  as  long  and  micro.scopically  densely  punctate.  The  prono- 
tum  is  twice  as  long  as  the  head,  the  posterior  lobe  not  projecting  very  far; 
the  tegmina  are  slender,  l)roadh'  rounded  apically,  reaching  when  closed 
tho  t'\\)  of  the  abdomen.  The  legs  are  all  v(;ry  slender  and  delicate,  the 
front  femora  not  much  stouter  than  the  tibia*,  the  fore  and  middle  tibiiv 
with  a  double  row  of  delicate,  short,  rather  frcfpu^nt  spines.  Tho  hind 
femora  scarcely  reach  so  far  as  the  closed  tegmina,  but  are  slender  and 
graceful,  with  the  middle  external  lield  well  delined  by  superior  and  inferior 
c.arinji'  or  angles,  with  indications  of  having  been  twice  annulate  with  narrow, 
dusky  bands  in  the  distal  half,  the  outer  aimulus  midway  between  the  inner 
and  tlie  apex  ;  hind  tibia'  fully  as  long  as  tho  femora,  very  slender,  armed 
with  a  large  number  (about  eighteen  to  twenty)  of  <lelicate  tapering  spines, 
considerably  longer  than  tlu*  width  of  the  til)ia',  but  more  distant  (Fig.  4) 
than  in  the  preceding  species;  they  are  much  broken  in  the  specimens. 
Tarsi  witli  delicate  crowded  spines. 

Length  of  body,  2.T""' ;  of  pronotum,  4..V"" ;  of  anteniuc,  10""";  width 
of  dub,  0.4""":  length  of  tegmina,  18""";  width  of  same,  2.7""" ;  length  of 
fore  femora,  .')..'>""";  f..re  tibijc,  .^).2.')""" ;  hind  femora,  lU)""";  width  of  hind 
femora,  2""";  length  of  longest  tibial  sjnne,  OJt""". 


OIITIIOPTEUA-ACUUH  I. 


*^23 


FloriHwiiit.  Two  H|)(M!iinonH,  hoth  appiiroiitly  f'onmloK,  N(».  14175,  and 
tlio  ono  li^riinMl,  tlio  liittm*  obtaiiiud  by  Mr.  iMnud  (J.  I{iihh(!1I,  of  tlio  U.  S. 
Guologiuiil  Siirvoy,  for  whom  tlio  HjxMiii'H  is  iiiuiumI. 

OOMFllOCKUlIrt  TlumborK. 

Heor  (loscriboH  iv  HpncioH  of  thin  j^omuh  from  ( )o)iiMj»'(3n.  Tt  in  of  smiiU 
nho,  liko  moHt  of  thoHo  of  t(Mii])urivto  AinoriiMi  iiiul  Kiiropo,  wliilu  tho  HpooioH 
boro  provisionally  roforrod  to  it  is  very  nmcli  lur^^cr.  I  liavo  also  seem  m 
sp((('i('s  from  Aix,  labeled  as  u  Gomphoconis  by  Ilc^jr,  which  may,  perhaps, 
bu  moro  nearly  allied  to  Fieptysma  or  Arnilia.  GompliociM'iis  and  its  nuaror 
allies  aro  riitlior  charai^toristic.  of,  or  at  least  are  at  present  better  known 
from,  tempurutu  re/^ions,  and  are  found  around  the  entire  globe.  (July, 
1884.) 

(JoMPllOCKkUS    AIJSTRirHlJS. 

IM.  17,  KiR.  (i. 

This  species  is  placed  here  because  of  its  general  afKnities  as  indicated 
by  tho  front  half  of  tho  body,  which,  lis  seen  on  a  side  view,  is  all  that  is 
preserved.  It  does  not  scorn,  on  several  accounts,  to  belong  in  the  genus, 
but  It  })lainly  comes  near  it.  Tho  head  is  largo  and  protuberant,  with  a 
in'ominent  vertex,  sharply  angled  as  seen  on  a  side  view,  with  a  rounded, 
retreating  fiico.  Anteniiic  slender,  very  slightly  enlarged  to  a  faint  elon- 
gated club  at  the  apex,  nearly  reaching  to  the  tip  of  the  pronotum.  Tho 
latter  shorl,  with  (piadrate  deflected  lobes,  the  inferior  margin  Htnilght. 
Tegmina  large,  dusky,  with  the  Interspaces  between  the  longitudinal  veins 
broken  at  base  by  straight  cross-veins  into  pretty  regular  sipiaro  or  sub- 
(piadrate  cells. 

Length  of  fragment,  21""" ;  of  head,  4.;")""" ;  length  of  face,  5.5"'"' ; 
length  of  anteniiic,  8""";  of  pronotum,  ,"»'"'";   heigiit  of  same,  4' 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  6.'55  and  1173(), 

Sublhniily  a<:r>IPOI3II).^:  St&l. 

To  this  subfamily  lieloiig  most  of  the  fossil  Acrldii  and  half  of  the 
American  species,  lleer  in  his  Tertiiirgebilde  and  his  ITrwelt  der  Scliweiz 
describes  half  a  dozen  species  from  Oeningeii  and  Kadoboj,  referring  tiiem 
all  to  the  old  genus  (Edipoda.     Serres  mentions  a  species  from  Aix  which 


nWIHI 


224 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


! 


lie  coinpures  to  (Edipodu  coBrulescens,  iind  1  liave  seen  an  undescribod  form 
from  Aix  in  the  hands  of  M.  Ouatalet  wiiicli  is  apparently  allied  closely  to 
Cliiiniirocephala.  Of  the  Radoboj  species  descril)ed  by  Heer,  O.  nigrofas- 
ci«)latn,  as  rtatod  above,  is  probably  a  Scyllina  and  not  an  a-dipodid.  O. 
nielaiiosticta  is  perhaps  an  Hippiscus,  and  O.  haidinjreri  a  Dissosteira,  or 
certainly  very  close  to  it.  Of  the  Oeningen  species  which  Heer  describes, 
O.  fisolieri  looks  somewhat  like  a  Chimaroce})hala,  and  0.  germari  (not 
described)  is  said  by  Ileer  to  belong  near  Pachytylns.  O.  oeningensis  is 
too  obscnre  to  say  that  it  belongs  in  this  family.  The  larger  part  of  the 
European  species  would  therefore  seem  to  have  decided  American  affinities, 
Chimarocephala,  Dissosteira,  and  Hippiscus  being  distinctively  American. 

Of  the  American  species,  one  is  referred  to  (Edipoda  only  in  a  general 
sense :  the  two  others  belong  to  new  genera,  one  near  the  end,  the  other 
next  the  end  of  the  scries,  in  the  vicinity  of  Chimarocepliala  and  Encopto- 
lophus,  American  gonora. 

Tlie  family  tinds  its  greatest  development  in  the  north  temperate 
regions  of  the  world,  and  is  remarkably  abundant  in  forms  in  North  Amer- 
ica, and  particularly  in  the  warmer  and  more  arid  parts  of  the  United 
States.     (July,  1884.) 

NANTHACIA  gen.  nov.  (Nanthaco~f  ffi^^shopper,  Otoe). 

This  name  is  jn'oposed  for  a  genus  of  (Edipodida*  which  is  allied  to 
Encoptolophus,  but  in  which  the  upper  ulnar  vein  of  the  jH'canal  area  of 
the  hind  wings  does  not  exteiul  nearly  to  the  margin  of  the  wing  but  ter- 
minates before  the  middle,  as  it  does  in  the  tegmina,  in  a  fork  which  e.xtends 
above  to  the  radial  and  below  to  the  lower  ulnar  vein. 


Nanthacia  torpida. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  has  been  recovered,  .showing  a  hind  wing 
only,  in  whicii  the  anal  area  is  closed  and  the  proanal  almost  fully  exposed. 
'I'he  principal  radial  vein  runs  in  close  proximity  to  the  costjvl  margin,  and 
il  is  connected  with  tiic  veins  above  by  very  .short  cross-veins,  and  near  the 
tip  of  tlic  wing  by  a  stigma,  as  in  Encoptolophus.  It  has  two  principal  ob- 
liipic  forks,  tlie  inner  arising  oidy  a  little  within  the  middle  <»f  the  wing  and 
terminating  on  the  ulnar  a  little  before  the  outer  margin,  the  other  arising 
rather  less  than  a  third  of  the  way  from  the  former  to  the  apex  and  ter- 


OJiTHOPTERA— ACItlDII. 


22.5 


niinating  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  margin  ;  the  interspaces  above  the  lat- 
ter fork,  above  the  biise  of  the  former  and  the  postradial  area,  are  filled  with 
freqnent  stout  and  straight  cross-veins,  while  the  interspace  betwee.i  the 
radial  branches  is  filled  by  more  distant,  oi'Um  obli(pie,  straight  veins,  form- 
ing squarish  colls.  The  membrane  apiiears  to  have  been  hyaline  and  the 
veins  and  cross-veins  distinct  and  black. 

Length  of  wings,  22""";  breadth  of  preanal  area,  2.35'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  IHOO. 


n-:i)ll'Oi).\   Latreillc 

A  number  of  European  species  have  been  referred  to  this  genus,  but 
only  in  a  broad  sense,  and,  as  I  have  stated  above  under  the  family,  may 
most  of  them  be  more  definitely  placed.  Here,  however,  nuist  fall  both  O. 
(vningensis  lleer  and  the  American  species  descril)ed  below,  as  belonging 
to  the  genus  in  its  widest  sense,  and  the  Aix  s))ecies  mentioned  by  Serres 
ma}-  also  proi;ably  find  a  place  here,  as  Jr'ierres  compares  it  to  tlic  t\pe  of  the 
genus.  In  its  most  limited  .sense  the  gc.>us  is  confined  to  the  Old  World. 
(July,  1884.) 

(EuiPOUA   PU.EKOCATA. 
PI.  17,  Fiy.  r>. 

.  The  single  specimen  found  represents  the  1)asal  half  of  a  hind  wing 
overlying  a  similar  part  of  an  obscure  front  wing.  JJy  the  venation  and 
markings  it  appears  to  l)elong  to  the  (Edipodida>,  but  it  is  too  imperfect  to 
judge  more  closely  of  its  affinities.  The  wing  was  a  large  one,  fuliginous, 
with  at  least  three  parallel  and  equidistant  curving  rows  of  paler  (or 
brighter)  markings  in  the  form  of  nrther  narrow  bands,  the  middle  one 
apparently  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  the  broadest  and  discontinuous,  cross- 
ing most  of  the  whig;  the  inner  one,  midway  between  this  and  the  base, 
narrower  and  crossing  the  upper  half  or  less  of  the  wing.  In  the  anal  area 
the  intercalary  veins  run  far  in  toward  the  base  of  the  wing,  and  in  the 
outer  half  become  broken  into  two  or  oven  more,  so  that  several  rows  of 
cells  lie  between  tlie  anal  rays  next  the  outer  portion  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  fragnuMit,  2:\""" :  probable  length  of  wing,  30'"'" ;  its  proba- 
ble breadth,  18'""';  breadth  of  tegmina,  4""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7389. 
Vol  xin ir» 


>gjsmm 


m 


226 


TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


TAPHACHIS  gen.  nov.  (edrrTw,  duph). 

This  peculiar  genus  appears  to  fall  in  the  Kreraobidsu  or  near  tliia 
group  of  CEdipodidii^  the  intercahvry  vein  of  tht*  tegniina  being  absent,  but 
it  does  not  agree  with  any  of  the  known  genera  of  that  tribe.  The  head 
is  hirge  and  well  rounded,  smooth ;  the  vertex  of  moderate  width,  the  eyes 
hirge,  not  prominent;  antenna'  cylindrical,  uniform,  slender,  not  reaching 
the  extremity  of  the  short  pronotuni.  Pronotuni  stout,  rather  short,  very 
slightly  and  regularly  expanding  from  in  front  backward,  the  lobes  of  equal 
length,  the  anterior  divided  in  the  middle  by  a  second  transverse  incision, 
the  very  slight  median  carina  not  extending  to  its  anterior  half,  which  is 
produced  and  angulate ;  tip  of  pronotum  obtusely  angulate.  Tegmina 
longer  than  abdomen,  the  costal  area  broad  at  base  but  not  convex ;  the 
simple  subexternomedian  arises  in  tiie  middle  of  the  wing  and  the  oxter- 
nomedian  vein  has  five  branches  beyond  it,  with  simple  cross-veins  in  the 
interspaces  and  no  reticulation  ;  there  is  no  intercalary  vein  ;  the  interno- 
median  vein  terminates  just  before  the  origin  of  the  subexternomedian  in  a 
large,  triangular  cell  (surrounded  by  irregular  reticulation),  from  the  lower 
angle  of  which  springs  a  broad  fork,  the  inner  branch  of  which  terminates 
at  the  end  of  the  short  anal  vein  far  within  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The 
wings  are  as  long  as  tlie  tegmina,  the  pre  anal  portions  repeating  clo&'^ly, 
especially  in  the  branches  of  the  externomedian  vein,  the  characteristics  of 
the  tegmina. 

Taphacris  reliquata. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  8,  11). 

The  vertex  is  a  little  less  than  half  the  width  of  one  of  the  eyes,  as  seen 
from  above.  Antenna'  composed  <if  about  thirty-two  joints,  each  about 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  the  whole  reaching  close  to  the  tip  of  the  pronotum. 
i^ronotiun  slightly  long«'r  than  its  greatest  l)readth.  Tegmina  slender  and 
nearly  e(pial,  the  scapular  vein  closely  approaching  the  costal  margin  at 
about  three-fifllis  the  distance  from  the  base,  the  mediastinal  terminating  at 
about  two-fifths  the  distance,  the  area  above  it  forming  a  regular  triangle 
broad  at  base  and  gradually  narrowing,  filled  with  o1)lique,  but  toward  the 
l)ase  rather  irregular,  veins.  The  tegmina  appear  to  have  been  more  or  less 
obscurely  testaceous,  and  perhaps  more  or  less  i)lot<;iied,  but  the  veins  are 


ORTHOPTERA— LOCU8TAU1/K. 


227 


distinctly  marked  ;  the  vviiign  are  also  testaceous  along-  the  costal-margin, 
but  elsewhere  hyaline  with  blackish  veins  and  no  sign  of  intercahiry  veins 
between  the  anal  rays. 

Length  of  body,  33.5""" ;  of  head,  2.5"'"' ;  of  antetnii«,  9'"'" ;  of  pronotuni, 
7.5'""';  of  tegmina,  30.5""";  breadth  of  head,  4.5"'"';  of  pronotum  in  front, 
5""";  behind,  (i.75""";  of  middle  of  tegmina,  4""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  404  and  4()43  (?),  7507. 


M 


Family  LOCUSTARI^G  Latreille. 

Like  the  Acridii,  this  family  of  ()rthopt(M'a  is  not  well  represented  in 
the  Tertiary  rocks  ;  no  specimens  of  either  have  been  found  in  amber,  ex- 
cepting a  few  larviv;  of  this  family.  Yet  almost  all  of  the  larger  subfamilies 
are  present  both  in  Europe  and  America.  The  Conocephalidie,  liowever, 
which  are  represented  in  America  by  two  species,  have  none  in  Europe,  and 
per  contra,  the  DecticidjB,  which  have  three  species  in  P'.urope,  do  not  occur 
in  America.  Two  of  the  European  species  can  not  be  ])laced,  Locustites 
maculata  Ileer  from  Parschlug  and  Decticus  oxstinctus  Germ.,  from  the 
Rhenish  coal.  Ten  species,  including  two  referred  to  only  by  generic 
names,  have  been  found  in  the  European  Tertiaries,  and  five  in  America, 
besides  indications  of  others.  Unlike  the  Acridii,  tlie  European  and  Ameri- 
can species  show  few  points  in  common,  ihe  species  wliich  are  referred  to 
the  same  subfiimilies  being  widely  separated,     (-ruly,  1  HH-i). 

Subfamily    PH YLLOPHORII).^    StAl. 

The  only  European  species  of  this  group,  which  is  best  represented  in 
warm,  t(  aperate,  and  tropical  countries,  is  Fhaneroptei-a  vetusta  Ileer  from 
Oeningen,  and  it  is  widely  distmct  from  the  single  American  species  referred 
here.     (July,  1884.) 

LITHYMNETES  Scudder. 

Ulliymiietea  Scndd.,  Hull.  V.  S.  Gonl.  (leogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  532-5:!;!  (18*H). 

A  stout-bodied  genus  of  Phyllophoridic,  probably  l)elonging  near  Steiro- 
don,  but  dirteriiig  from  the  entire  series  into  wliich  Steirodon  and  its  sillies 
fall  in  the  great  lengtli  of  its  ovipositor,  which  is  at  least  as  long  as  the 
abdomen  ;  while  in  Steirodon  and  its  allies,  so  far  as  I  know  them,  it  is 
seldom  more  than  two  oi-  three  times  as  long  as  broad  ;  it  is  also  peculiar 


I 


228 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ill  the  disposition  of  the  principal  radial  branch  of  the  tegmina.     The  head 
is  hir<«e,  full,    well  rounded ;  the  eye  snnill,    almost  circular,    its   longer 
diameter  at  right  angles  ttt  the  extremity  of  the  vertex.     Tiie  pronotum 
shows  no  sign  of  having  its  lateral  borders  cristate  or  even  creindate,  but 
this  ma}- be  due  to  inii)erfect  preservation  of  tlie  singU*  specimen  at  hand, 
on  which  it  is  impossible  to  determine  the  form  of  the  lateral  lobes.     Teg- 
mina  much  longer  than  the  body,  densely  reticulated,  very  ample,  expand- 
ing at  the  very  base,  so  as  to  be  nearly  ecjual  before  the  extremity ;  this  is 
destroyed,  but  is  evidently  formed  somewhat,  and  perhaps  exac^tly,  as  in  the 
Steirodon  series,  since  it  tapers  on  either  border,  but  more  rapidly  on  the 
inner  than  on  the  costal  margin,  its  curve  indicating  that  the  apex  of  the 
wing  is  above,  and  probably  considerably  above,  the  middle.     The  scapular 
vein,  in  the  middle  oi  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  curves  strongly  toward  the 
costal  margin,  nearly  reaching  it  beyond  the  middle  of  the  same,  and  thence 
following  nearly  parallel  and  in  close  proximity  to  it ;  in  the  broader  part 
of  the  costal  area,  beyond  the  subcostal  vein  (which  acts  in  a  similar  man- 
ner), it  emits  three  or  four  branches,  the  larger  ones  of  which  fork  and, 
with  the  branches  of  the  subcostal  vein,  strike  the  costal  border  at  equal 
d  istances  apart ;  all  these  branches  are  straight,  and  are  connected   by 
irregular,  weaker  cross-veins,  while  the  interspaces  are  filled  with  a  still 
weaker,  dense  mesh- work.     The  externcmedian  vein,  parallel  to  and  sepa- 
rated distinctly  from  the  preceding,  emits  the  principal  branch  where  the 
scapular  curves  upward  ;  this  branch  continues  the  basal  course  of  the  mjiin 
vein,  is  straiglit,  forks  at  about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  each  fork  again 
branching  at  a  little  distance  beyond,  the  branches  of  the  upper  fork  strik- 
ing the  l)order  of  the  wing  where  it  seems  probable  the  apex  falls ;  all  the 
l)ranches  of  this  fork  curve  a  little,  but  only  a  little,  downward ;  the  second 
branch  of  the  exteniomedian  vein  is  emitted  shortly  before  the  middle  of 
the  wing,  and  does  not  reach  the  margin,  dying  out  shortly  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  wing.     The  siil)externomedian  vein  runs  above  the  middle  of 
the  remaining  portion  of  the  discoidal  area,  and  emits  four  inferior  branches, 
at  subecpial  distances,  the  first  of  which   forks  and  the  second  originates 
oj)posite  the  |)rincipal   l)ranch  of  the  exteri'omedian  ve'n.     Apparently  the 
anal  area  is  pretty  long.     Wings  apparently  extending  l)eyond  the  tegmina. 
The  legs  are  short,   slender,  the  fore  tibia>  apparently   furnished   with  a 
m<»derately  broad  obovate  foramen,  the  hind  tibia- of  etpial  size  throughout, 


OUTIIOPTEHA— LOCUSTARJJ-:. 


229 


slightly  longer  than  the  hind  femora,  and  the  hitter  scarcely  extending 
beyond  the  al)domen.  Ovipositor  long,  broad,  saber-shaped,  a  little  up- 
curved. 

This  is  one  of  the  largest  Tertiary  Locustaria?  known,  if  not  the 
largest. 

LlTHYMNETKS    GUTTATUS. 

PI.  17,  Figs.  14,  15. 

Lithymnetc8  guttatua  Scndd..  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Googr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  5;i:f-o34  (1878). 

This  is  the  largest  insect  I  have  seen  from  the  Tertiary  shales  of  Flor- 
issant, and  is  remarkable  for  the  markings  of  the  tegmina,  which  are  covered 
throughout  (with  the  possible  exception  of  the  anal  area  and  the  extreme 
base  of  the  vving,  which  are  obscure)  witli  minute,  circular,  equidistant,  pale 
Npots,  situated  between  the  nervules ;  they  have  a  mean  diameter  of  half  a 
millimeter,  and  a  mean  distance  apart  of  one  and  a  half  millimeters.  The 
head  is  full  and  regularly  rounded  on  a  side  view,  with  no  prominences. 
The  antennre  appear  to  have  the  usual  structure,  but  the  second  joint  is 
small,  and  the  thickness  of  the  joints  above  the  front  of  the  prothorax  is 
0.45°"",  already  diminishing  to  0.3"""  at  the  posterior  border  of  the  same ; 
they  are  broken  shortly  beyond  this  point,  so  that  their  length  can  not  be 
determined.  The  mean  diameter  of  the  eyes  is  scarcely  more  than  one-third 
the  shortest  length  of  the  genaj.  The  costal  margin  of  the  tegmina  is  gently 
convex,  with  a  regular  curve  throughout,  or  until  close  to  the  tip ;  the  inner 
margin  ha.s  a  similar  though  slighter  convexity  ;  the  principal  branch  of  the 
externomedian  vein  passes  through  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  legs  are 
Jill  slender,  the  liind  femora  very  slight,  but  little  incrassated  toward  the 
base,  the  hind  tibia>  slender,  equal  throughout,  armed  at  tip  with  a  pair  of 
small,  moderately  stout,  black-tipped  spurs,  the  hind  tarsi  about  two-lifths 
the  length  of  the  tibiae  the  claw  very  slight.  Ovipositor  broad,  gently 
curved,  at  least  as  long  as  the  hind  tibia-,  of  nearly  equal  size  upon  the  part 
preserved. 

Length  of  body  (excluding  ovipositor),  37""';  depth  of  head,  12.5"""; 
larger  diameter  of  eye,  1.85"'"';  shorter,  1.35""";  distance  from  lower  edge 
of  eye  to  upper  edge  of  mandibles,  4"""  ;  length  oi"  jjreservcd  part  of  tegmina, 
45.5'""' ;  probable  length  of  same,  55"" ;  distance  from  base  of  tegmina  to 
front  of  head,  13""" ;  from  same  to  base  of  principal  branch  of  externomedian 


n 


230 


TKRTIAUY  INSP:CT.S  OF  NOKTll  AMKIilCA. 


vein,  14.5""" ;  hrciidtli  of  teginina  in  iiii«1<ll(',  1  (>"'"';  l('ii},'tli  of  tore  femora,* 
9"'"';  middle  femom',  ]()"'"';  liind  femora,  1!!"'"';  fore  til)ia-,  !>.r."'"';  middle 
tibia-,  1  ()..")"'"•;  liiml  tibia-,  21""" ;  fore  tarsi,  7""" ;  hind  tarsi,  S""" ;  apical  spurs 
of  hind  til»ia-,  1.7.")""";  claw  of  hind  tarsi,  O.'t""".:  jrreatest  breadth  of  hind 
femora,  3""";  length  of  ovipositor  (broken),  IS"'"';  breadth  at  base,  .'5'"'";  at 
a  distance  of  14"'"'  f  om  base,  2..".5"'"'. 

The  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  side  view,  with  the  left  (upper)  tegmen 
and  the  ovipositor  drooping,  the  other  parts  in  a  natural  attitude,  the  legs 
drooping. 

Floris.sant.     One  specimen.  No.  11.5."»7  (9). 

Siibtiimily  PSETTDOPHYI^I.ID/E  Burmeister. 

The  Tertiary  species  described  by  Fleer  from  Greenland  under  the 
name  of  Locusta  gid-nlaudica  falls  probably  in  this  family;  but  there  is  no 
close  connection  between  it  and  the  American  .species  described  below. 
The  distril)ntion  of  the  family  at  the  present  day  is  in  general  similar  to 
that  of  the  last  named.     (July,  1884.) 

OYMATOMERA  Schaum. 

This  tropical  or  subtropical  Old  W(»rld  genus  does  not  properly  find  a 
rei)resentative  in  the  American  rocks,  l»ut  the  species  here  described,  too 
imperfect  for  separate  diagnosis,  a{)pv..  rs  to  fall  in  its  near  vicinity  and  is 
consequently  referred  here  ])rovisionally.     No  fossil  species  is  known. 

Cymatomkra  maculata. 
PI.  17,  Fig.  7. 

A  couple  of  spotted  fragments  from  near  the  base  of  the  tegmina  of  a 
locustarian  are  placed  here  provisiouall}',  liecause  they  agree  better  with 
th(!  group  represented  by  that  genus  than  with  any  other,  though  they 
plainly  can  not  l)elong  to  Cymatomera  in  any  strict  sense.  The  better  of 
the  two  fi-agnients  shows  the  base  of  a  broad  wing,  with  dark  brownish,  lon- 
gitudinal veins,  spreading  widely,  and  the  spaces  between  them  or  their 
branches  l)roken  by  very  frequent,  long  cross-veins  into  short  but  v»-ry  deep 
(juadrangular  cells,  while  the  whole  surface,  largely  independent  of  the 

'There  is  hoiiip  (loiil)t  abniit  tlicw  iiii>aHiii'i>iiiHnlH,  tlii;  basal  portioiiH  lieiiif{(iliNCiiri-. 


ORTHOPTKRA— LOOlTSTARr^i. 


231 


i 


cells  and  even  of  the  veins,  is  heavily  blotched  with  irregular  spots  of  paler 
or  deeper  l)ro\vn.  The  largest  and  deepest  of  the  spots  is  central,  following 
the  here  approximated  j-adial  and  ulnar  veins. 

Length  of  the  fragment,  8.5'""' ;  breadth  of  the  same  (probably  nearly 
the  breadth  of  the  base  of  the  wing),  12.5""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  1724,  2844. 

Snblamily  CONOGEPHAT.TD/E  Stiil. 

Although  unknown  in  the  Eui'opean  Tertiaries,  this  subfamily  of  locus- 
tarians,  pretty  well  developed  in  the  southern  half  of  the  United  States,  and 
far  more  so  than  in  Europe,  is  represented  by  tvro  form^  from  the  Tertiaries 
of  Florissant,  not  distantly  allied  to  forma  still  existing  in  our  country. 
(July,  1884.) 

OPCHELIMUM  ServiUe. 

This  genus,  not  before  found  fossil,  and  represented  in  North  America 
by  a  considerable  number  of  species,  especially  in  the  warmer  portions  of 
the  United  States,  is  found  in  the  shales  of  Florissant,  a  large  species  hav- 
ing been  disinterred.  In  its  broad  sense  the  genus  is  widely  distributed 
over  the  globe,  but  in  a  narrower  one,  in  which  our  fossil  will  fall,  it  is,  I 
believe,  peculiar  to  America.     (July,  1884.) 

Orchelimum  placidum. 
PI.  17,  Figs.  10  (  9 ),  18, 19  (  *  ). 

Though  obscurely  defined,  especially  in  the  very  parts  which  are 
necessiiry  to  examine  for  close  determination,  the  specimens  at  hand  have 
so  clearly  the  aspect  of  an  Orchelimum  that  we  may  .safely  consider  them 
as  belonging  to  that  modern  genus,  which  Stlil  unites  with  Xiphidium. 
The  species  is  a  very  large  one,  larger  even  than  O.  concinnum  Scudd., 
which  is  the  largest  known  to  me,  and  has  the  angulated  fastigium  (seen 
on  a  side  view)  and  retreating  face  characteristic  of  the  genus.  The  folded 
tegmina  and  Avings  extend  some  distance  beyond  the  abdomen,  and  the  ovi- 
positor, which  is  well  preserved  and  permits  one  to  see  that  the  upper  and 
lower  blades  are  of  e(|uul  length,  is  peculiar  for  its  length  and  bluntness  of 
tip.  It  is  also  much  slenderer  than  in  O.  concinnum  and  less  curved,  in 
which  respects  it  approaches  Xiphidium. 


m 


.1; 


ill 


232 


TKK'TIAIIY   INSIOC rrs  OF  NOUTII   AMKItlCA. 


! 


I.«Mi;rtIi  of  l»o(ly,  '  .•(! ,  ?  28 ;  ni'  tefriiiiim,  ,  'JS)""" :  of  liiiul  femur, 

<J2.'{""";  of  ovipositor,  Ifi""";  hmultli  of  InttDr  in  niiddh",  1.1""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimoiis,  Nos.  i;{55l  (/),  774H  und  I.'JjVjO  (?). 

r^OClISTA  ]/uuw. 

This  {fciiiis,  which  occurs  in  the  Old  siud  New  Worlds  alike,  hut  in  the 
New  Workl  only  in  the  western  portion  of  onr  country,  has  never  before 
been  found  fossil,  several  species  referred  to  l<ocusta  helonying  elsewhere, 
Locustrt  j^nenlandica,  as  stated,  is  probahly  oneof  tlie  l'seudo|)hyllida',  and 
the  Locusta  nu^ntioned  l)y  Serres  as  found  at  Aix  is,  to  jud<jfe  from  his  ref- 
enfuce,  one  of  the  Decticida'.  A  single  form  has  been  found  at  Florissant 
not  unlike  the  living  species.     (July,  1MS4.) 

Locusta  sii.kns. 
PI.  17,  Fips.  »,  H). 

A  single  specimen  showing  the  base  of  the  abdomen,  with  a  side  view 
of  the  folded  wings  and  tegmina  and  a  portion  of  the  hind  femur,  indicates 
a  species  of  true  Locusta  about  as  large  as  L.  occ-identalis  Thom.  from  (!ali- 
fornia.  The  arrangement  of  the  veins  in  the  tegmina,  though  confused  b\' 
the  overlapping  (»f  the  wings,  is  nevertheless  distinctly  that  of  Locusta  proper; 
this  does  not  appear  in  the  plate,  where  the  media.stinal  and  internomediau 
nervules  are  not  shown,  and  the  scapular  vein  made  to  do  duty  as  the  costal 
margin.  The  wings  were  apparently  obscurely  griseou^■  and  perhaps  longi- 
tudinally streaked  as  in  the  recent  species  mentioned.  The  hind  femora 
were  slender  just  as  in  Locusta,  but  along  the  middle  of  the  outer  face  in 
the  thickest  portion  is  a  distinct  though  very  delicate  carina  showing  in 
some  i)arts,  as  in  Fig.  It,  a  very  delicate  spinulation.  'i'he  modern  species 
mentioned  has  no  mid-lateral  carina. 

Length  of  tegmina,  42""";  width  of  same,  7'""';  probable  length  of  hind 
femora,  3-'""";   width  of  same,  .'J.')' 

Fhtris.sant.     One  specimen,  No.  7r)44. 

Subliunily    ailYI.I.ACRinir)^^    Stal. 

This  family  has  been  supj)osed  to  have  a  great  anti(|uity,  but  this  may 
be  doubted,  sinc»!  I  have  shown  elsi.'where  that  .several  of  the  species  from 
Carboniferous  dej)(>sits  referred  Imn;  belong  rather  to  tlmncMiropteroid  series. 
We  find,  however,  several  Tertiary  species  referred  here,  two  from  Kadoboj, 


OUTIIOPTKIfA— FiOOnSTAIM.K. 


233 


Gryllacris  cliarpoiiti ii'i  Iloor  and  (I.  iiu<rori  Heor,  ns  well  um  a  rct'eroiico  to 
the  goiuis  l)y  (Japollmi  of  a  species  fouiid  In  the  Italian  TertlarleH.  A  Hingle 
American  species  luiH  l)een  found.     (July,  1884.) 

GRYLI.ACIMB  Sorville. 

All  the  Tertiaiy  niembors  of  the  family  have  been  referred  loosely  to 
this  genus,  and  it  is  with  the  same  looseness,  necessary  from  its  imperfect 
slate,  thiit  the  single  Florissant  species  is  also  referred  to  it.  Tlie  presence 
of  this  form  at  Florissant  is  indicative  of  a  much  warmer  climate  than 
found  at  present  in  that  latitude.     (.July,  1884.) 


GrYLI-ACRIS   CINKRI8. 

VI.  17,  Fiff.  17. 

Though  no  Gryllacris  jjroper  and  differing  considerably  even  from  the 
fossil  species  which  have  been  referred  here,  the  only  specimen  is  too 
obscure  to  speak  very  positively  of  its  atHnities.  The  insect  is  of  very 
.stout  form,  the  head  large,  appressed,  flattened  behind,  convex  in  front,  the 
eye  tolerably  large,  twice  as  long  as  deep;  the  thorax  stout,  the  abdomen 
very  stout,  full,  tapering  apically,  the  legs  m  flier  small,  the  tegmina  and 
wings  moderately  ample,  about  as  long  as  tlio  body.  Tegmina  with  a 
nearly  straight  costal  margin,  a  prominent  shoulder  near  the  base,  the  tip 
well  rounded  and  a  little  produced,  the  inner  margin  rather  full ;  the  medi- 
astinal veins  with  their  fan-like  distribution  occupy  the  1)asal  third  of  the 
costal  border;  the  scapular  vein  terminates  on  the  same  margin  a  little 
before  the  tip,  and  emits  equidistant,  parallel,  oblique,  superior  branches 
throughout  its  course;  the  externomedian  runs  parallel  to  the  former ;  in 
the  latter  half  of  the  wing  it  emits  inferior,  longitudinal,  parallel  branches 
which  occupy  the  whole  tij)  of  the  wing,  and  from  before  the  middle  a  sin- 
gle branch  with  one  or  two  superior  nervules  parallel  to  the  others ;  the 
nervules  lielow  this  have  also  a  longitudinal  direction,  but  their  attacliinents 
are  obscure.  The  neuration  of  the  hind  wing  is  similar,  but  the  mediastinal 
and  scapular  areas  are  exce.ssively  narrowed,  while  the  lower  areas  are 
expanded  as  in  most  orthopterous  hind  wings.  The  plate  is  in  error  in 
making  the  terminal  portion  of  the  externomedian  vein  branch  from  the 
scapular  vein. 


1 


234  TKIfTIARY   INHRDTrt  OF''  NORTH   AMKRKU. 

I.oiigfh  <»r  ImmIv,  2r»""";  of  lioiul,  .'» ;  doptli  of  miiiu'.  n""" ;  lenjrtli  of 

tt'f,niiiim, -J?""" :   I'roudtliof  huiiig,  8,r)""";  of  will},',  11.5 

KlonHHiiiit.     Olio  Mpociinoii,  Noh.  4499  hikI  4642, 

fiOCrMTAHIK    K|». 

Anionjif  tlio  (^rtlioptoni  noticed  in  tlio  Greoii  Uivor  HlitileH  is  a  tihia 
niul  tViifjriiioiit  of  tlio  jittiU'liod  toiiiiir  of  wliiit  is  iippiiroiitly  the  middle  log  of 
ii  Lociistiiniiu  iiJiout  tho  sizo  of  ii  I'liylloptoru. 

Gnu^ii  Uivor,  Wyoiniii;,'.     No.  \f»'2'.\3. 

Family  GRYLLIDES  Latreille. 

Fossil  spcclos  of  tliis  fiimily  are  not  niiiiu^roiis ;  only  a  sinifh;  spjiciew 
liHs  boon  fully  doscrihod  from  iimhor,  and  a  Hocoiid  f\<^urod  from  Ooningen. 
At  Ai.x,  lio\v»!voi',  tlioy  appitar  to  ho  tolerably  al)iiiidant,  for  .Sorros  nioii- 
tiona  no  loss  than  seven  species,  of  which  two  are  Gryllotalpa-  (lloer  also 
mentions  a  (rryllotalpa  from  Oeningeii),  oiio  a  Xya,  while  ho  compnres  the 
fonr  others  to  species  of  (Kcaiithiis,  (rrvlliis,  and  Nemoblns.  lleer's  Oeii- 
ingen  species  is  probably  a  Nemobiiis  and  the  amber  species  one  of  the 
Trigonidii.'  We  have  also  seen  a  couple  of  species  of  Nemobiiis  from  Ai.x 
in  the  hands  of  M.  <  )!istalet  at  Paris.  <  )iir  <»wn  species,  three  in  niimlxM', 
all  appear  to  belong  in  close  proximity  to  one  another  and  to  the  Gryllida' 
proper,  but  rcMjuire  for  their  jiroper  elucidation  to  be  clas.sod  in  a  distinct 
gemi.s.  They  ftll  come,  curiously,  from  the  (Jreeii  River  beds.  (June, 
18H4.) 

PRONPiMOlUUS  gen.  nov.  (Trfjn,  Nemobins,  nom.  gen.). 

Having  the  faciesof  Neiiiol)iii.s,  but  with  the  hind  femora  entirely  dcivoid 
of  spines,  or  even  serrulations.  The  .''.pecies  scmmm  t(»  dill'or  coiisideraidy  in 
certain  |)oints.  but  as  they  all  agre(!  in  this  particular,  which  is  uniipie,  not 
only  in  this  tribe,  but  among  fJryllides  generally,  they  ar*)  plac;ed  together. 

The  species  may  be  separated  as  follows: 

Tiihli   uf  llir  xiiivien  of  I'ruiii iiiohiiiH. 

Iliiiil  I'eniorik  largo,  oxcRcdiii);  lU"""  in  length 1.   P.  induralim, 

lliiiil  reiiinni-tiiiall  or  iiiciliiiiii  nI/.i'iI,  Ichs  IIium  0"""  in  Iviigtli. 

Iliiid  ruiiKira  hairy 2.  /'.   Iirliarim. 

Hind  fciiioru  Hiiiootli M.  P.  muithU. 

'  Tho  hind  tihiat  iiitiHt  cvrtaiiil.v  l>o  ri<|irf!tiintt;il  hm  Nhorhir  than  they  Hlinnhl  lie.  as  in  othur  n^NpcctH 
the  reprnsuntation  appears  to  lir  that  <d'  a  (\vrtoxiphnH,  iti  which  (as  in  all  Tri);onidii)  tlie  hind  libiie 
are  very  nearly  aa  Ion);  an  or  lunger  tbuii  the  hind  femora. 


OUTUOl'TKKA— (i  ItY  IJJ  DKS. 


235 


1.    FUONKMOIIIII.S    INDHKATirS. 
PI.  «,  V\k.  18. 

TIii.s  Hpocit's,  iimcli  tlio  liirffost  »»l"  tlio  tiircH)  lioro  (lescrili(Ml,  is  ropro- 
Hontotl  by  two  liiiitl  lo^s  iiiitl  u  portion  of'oiui  of  tho  to<^iiiiira,  toiiiul  in  prox- 
imity to  ono  of  tilt!  lej^H.  Tlio  winjj^,  shown  in  tlut  H<fnro,  Iuih  a  ])ortion  of  tlio 
costiil  iiolil  displiiyod  on  tlio  loft  with  three  or  fonr  piinillel  voins  cnrvinj^ 
toward  tho  niar}>'in,  ono  of  them  forked — an  nniisual  circinnstanco ;  and 
on  tho  right  tho  larger  portion  of  the  basal  half  of  tlu*  dorsal  (lold,  wheni 
the  simplicity  and  flowing  conrse  of  the  veins,  in  whi(!h  no  tyinpaninn 
is  constrneted,  indicates  a  female.  The  nouratio.i,  however,  is  very  diti'er- 
ont  from  tho  prevailing  simple  type  of  the  (jiryllidai  proper  and  nnich  more 
closely  resomijles  that  of  the  ihyllotalpida-  or  of  some  Hneopterida',  tho 
oblique  veins  of  tho  middle  ttf  the  wing,  whose  course  is  toward  tho  lateral 
nmrgin  of  tho  field,  being  ofTshoots  of  a  couple  of  basid  veins  whoso  olditpiity 
is  toward  the  inner  margin.  T\u^  hind  femora  are  rather  slenderer  than 
usual  among  Gryllidic,  but  not  so  slender  as  in  the  Eniioptcu-ida-  and  allied 
subfamilies,  rather  sparsely  hairy  id)ove  and  with  the  outer  face  dusky,  and 
marked  by  pale,  ol)li(pie  lines.  The  hind  tibia  is  present  in  only  ono  speci- 
men and  a  little  incomplete,  so  that  one  can  not  say  whether  it  is  longer  or 
shorter  than  tho  femur ;  it  is  uniforndy  and  rather  sparsely  haired  throughout. 

Length  of  fragment  of  wing,  7""" ;  of  hind  femur,  11-12""" ;  breadth  of 
same,  3.2.')""" ;  of  fragment  of  hind  tibia,  8.."j""" ;  breadth  of  same,  O.O""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  136,  139,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 

2.    Pl{ONEMonHI.S   TFUi'nARIU.S. 

PI.  «,  Fig.s.  i;{,  L'l,  23. 

Nemohiim  iirliiiriiis  SiMidd.,  Hull.  U,  ,S.  V.eiA.  Oi'o;4r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  774  (187S). 

This  species  was  first  described  from  legs  only,  by  which  it  was  judged 
that  the  insect  must  have  been  rather  smaller  than  our  conmion  Neniobius 
vittatus  (Ilarr.),  its  hind  femur  being  T™"  long,  broad,  and  stout,  especially 
near  tho  base,  where  it  measures  2.1""";  its  upper  half  is  covered  with  ex- 
ceedingly delicate,  recund)ent  hairs  directed  backward  ;  tiiere  are  also  a 
few  hairs  upon  the  slender  hind  tibia,  which  is  broken  just  where  it  begins 
to  enlarge,  showing  signs  of  tho  upper  spines ;  this  portion  is  about  three- 


23(i 


TKUTIAUY  INSMTS  (H-   NORTH  AMKKK^A. 


rourtliit  tlif  li'ii;;tli  of  ilio  iriiMir.  Tlio  tVttiil  t'ciiiiiriiiKl  til)iii,  wliicli  iii'o  cnch 
only  2.'-'.')"""  loii^r,  also  iiiili('iit<>  a  hiiiuII  spccicH,  and  ono  that  \h  iiiiiiNually  tr(>(> 
iVoin  .H|)iiies,  no  liairs  ttvMi  Immii^  diHccrnililc  on  tliis  iVont  Ic;^. 

Since  then  otiicr  nn<l  iiion>  pcrt'crt  H|i«Htitnc!nH  Iiavii  coino  to  hand,  in- 
cludini;  sonio  a  little  lar^rcr,  Hliowin^r  itH  H\/.e  to  hv  ahont  tliat  of  the  rucunt 
Hp(M'i('s  rcf'ericd  to.  Tlio  body  IniH  the  sanie;(ein'i'al  t'orni.  'I^he  head  HceuiH 
to  lie  a  little  lon;rf|-  in  proportion  to  itn  Itieailth,  the  uyes  p(>rhapH  a  little 
smaller,  tht«  Itasal  joint  of  antenna*  t]w  Hanie.  The  pnnuttiMn  irtof  the  nnuw 
form,  hnt  hoth  head  and  proi.otum  are  only  sparsely  tdothed  with  very  short 
hairs.  All  tht!  win^red  specimens  are  tenndes,  and  the  tojrmina  are  aliout 
three-(ptarfers  the;  lenjfth  of  the  ahdoinen,  much  i.'ore  delicat(dy  constriu'ted 
than  in  Nemoltins,  the  veins  l»eiu<»'  more  frecpient  aiut  i-.Mich  slenderer;  on 
the  costal  held  they  run  perfectly  ])arallel  at  a  slij^ht  unj^le  from  the  lateral 
ang'le  hetwecMi  the  fields  ;  on  the  dorsal  field  they  are  less  numerous,  heavier, 
strai;^ht,  and  parallel,  liiit  more  fr*Mpu>nt  and  weaker  than  in  Nemohius  vit- 
tatus.  The  win>'s  are  fullv  half  as  lonjj  ajfaiii  as  the  ahdonieu.  The  ovi- 
positor  is  short,  not  reachin;^  to  the  win<f  tips,  slender,  ami  strai<;ht.  The 
hind  femora  are  shaped  as  in  Nemohius,  hairy,  tlut  hind  tihiic  shorter  than 
th(?  teniora,  enlar;^inji'  a  little  toward  the  tip,  and  hairy,  hut  without  a  trace 
of  spines;  tlie  hinil  tarsi  are  about  half  as  Ion;;  as  tlie  tihia-,  the  hrst  joint 
lon^fer  than  the  others  comhined,  all  of  them  (cylindrical. 

Len;,'th  of  hody,  !).5""" ;  te;,nnina.  (»""" :  win;;s,  9.5"""  ;  ovipositor,  ;J.;V""' ; 
hind  femur,  ".' :  hind  tihia,  4..'.""";   hind  tarsi,  2.5"'"'. 

(ireen  River,  Wyomin;r.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  18,  20  (collected  hy 
F.  ('.  A.  Uidiard.son);  MSS  (c.dlected  hy  S  II.  Scudch-r);  and  Nos.  1M5, 
141,  142  and  141,  14;}  (Collected  hy  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


.'5.    I'uo.NKMOIUrs   .SMITllll. 
ri.  (i,   Fijr.  L"J. 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  are  preserved,  one  showinjr  a  side  view 
of  the  whole  hotly,  the  other  a  nearly  ventral  view  of  the  hiiulerhalf;  hoth 
appear  to  he  females,  hut  tluc  hinder  portion  of  tlu^  ahdonu^n  is  lost  withtiie 
ovipositor,  the  l(!M;;th  of  which  can  not  he  determined,  unless  some  obscure 
marks  behind  (»nL'  of  the  specimens  are  to  be  considered  as  indicating  that 
it  was  short  as  in  1*.  tertiarius.  The  head  as  seen  on  a  side  view  is  as  long 
as  the  i)ronotum,  like  which  it  is  very  (hdicately,  almost   imperceptibly. 


()UTII(M»Ti;itA   -(IRYMilDKH. 


2.17 


sc'iil)n)us  und  ImirloHM;  tlin  oyoH  iint  hiiihII,  H(rarc(tly  inoru  tliiiii  oiio-toiirth 
tho  iliiunotor  of  tlio  lioiid  ;  tlu!  tof^miiiii  less  tiniii  twico  iis  Ictiijr  as  tho  pro- 
iiotiiiii  ;  till!  wiiiys  very  loiiff,  n'ucliiny  twicit  as  fur  as  tli(>  fips  ol'  tlie  hiinl 
foiuoni ;  tho  iiiiid  lo;jrs  iimisiially  sloiidcr  and  HiiiiKttli,  iu.'itli(!r  femora  m »r 
til)iu' lK>in;i(!Vi!ii  hairy ;  tht!  tihia-  am  imt ciilari^cd  at.  their  oxtmmity,  and 
tho  liiiul  tarsi  aru  ahoiit  half  as  stout  an  tho  tihia>,  vvitli  a  lon<^  hasal  joint. 

liCiigth  of  body  as  prcsorvod,  7""";  prohablo  ontirn  h-nglh,  S.r»""" ; 
h^ngtli  of  pronotmn,  l.C""";  of  hind  \vin;,'s,  H.a""" ;  of  liind  foniora,  .'J.;')""" ; 
hroiidth  of  same,  1,1""";  hsngth  of  hind  tiltia-, 'i.f)""" ;   Itniadth  of  saMio,  0.2"'"'. 

Named  .iftor  Prof.  H.  I.  Smith,  of  Yah)  (Jolle;rc,  who  lias  « imtrihutiMl 
to  our  knowlodgo  of  tho  ( )rthoptora  of  New  Kn<,dand.  Tho  specios  is  smaller 
than  tho  procodinjj,  has  proportionally  much  longor  winjrs  and  a  smo(»thur 
integument. 

Green  Uivor,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  I'M,  145,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 


HEMIPTERA^   Liimc^. 


i  ■ 

I    V 


With  this  group  we  reach  the  most,  iniportiint  section  of  tl»e  present 
work,  since  it  of  all  the  lower  orrlers  of  insects  was  far  the  most  abmidant 
at  Florissant.  As,  however,  the  g'roup  is  divisible  into  two  great  suborders 
under  which,  separately,  such  general  statements  as  seem  approjiriate  regard- 
ing  the  relative  representation  of  the  families  will  be  given,  we  reserve  he-f* 
only  a  brief  remark  or  iwo  upon  the  relation  of  the  two  suborders. 

I  presume  it  can  not  be  far  wrong  to  state  that  the  honiopterous  fauna 
of  any  given  region  of  considerable  extent  in  the  north  temperate  zone  is  to 
the  heteropterous  fiiuna  asaboat  one  to  thre(s  or,  in  other  words,  that  about 
2r>  per  cent  of  the  hemipterous  fauna  is  houuipterous.  These  figures  are 
the  result  of  the  comparisons  of  .several  fannal  lists.  In  Mr.  Uhler's  List  of 
the  Ilemiptera  of  tl^e  (Tnited  States  west  of  the  Mi.ssissippi  (the  geographical 
area  of  our  j)resent  work),  the  TIomo|)tera  hold  a  still  more  insignificant 
place,  forming  scarcely  more  than  13  \)vr  cent  of  tlu^  whole.  In  tropical 
oountrit's  a  verv  ditferent  proportion  obtains,  the  II onioptera  holding,  or 
nearly  holding,  their  own  beside  the  ne(eroptera,  and  subtropical  countries 
or  those  which  feel  the  <lirect  inHuence  of  their  proximity  show  an  inter- 
mediate position;  thus  in  Herg's  Enumeration  of  the  Argentine  Ilemiptera 
the  proportion  of  the  Ilomoptera  to  the  whole  is  almost  exactly  30  percent 
Now,  it  is  precisely  this  |)ro])ortion,  4():!)3,  or  30  percent,  which  Ileerfolind. 
the  fossil  Ilomoptera  tu  hold  in  his  <'r.sr  e.ssav  on  the  fossil  Ilemiptera  of 
Oeningen  and  Ixadoboj.  \  can^ful  emiineration  of  tht;  fossil  Ilemiptera  of 
Europe  to-day  gives  tlie  Ilomoptera  34  ])er  tent  of  the  whole  fauna  ;  but,  if 
those  from  tli(f  amber  (wliich  gri'atly  heighten  the  proportion  of  Ilomoptera) 
be  excluded  and  we  reckon  those  of  the  rocks  only,  the  IIoni«»pterahave  27 
per  cent.  <  )n  the  other  li.md,  it"  w(i  take  only  the  fauna  of  the  Oligocene  of 
Euroja;,  incliuling  the  andjer,  the  proportion  of  the  Ilomoptera  amounts  to 
41  j)er  cent.  'his  clearly  indicatt's  an  approach  to  tropical  relations.  Our 
ow)i  Tertiary  i'auna  is  almost  exclusive!)-  ( )lig(<cene,  and  has  been  found  in  a 

'iin 


HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTEKA. 


239 


multitude  of  minor  points  to  sliow  distinct  tropical  relations,  and  it  therefore 
becomes  of  peculiar  interest  to  learn  the  numerical  relation  herein  of  the 
Momoptera  to  the  Heteroptera.  Now  here,  much  as  in  the  Oligocene  of 
Europe,  we  find  the  llomoptera  claiming-  40  per  cent  of  the  whole  hemip- 
terous  fauna.     The  significance  of  these  figures  can  hardly  be  doubted. 

The  number  of  Tertiary  Hemiptera  of  the  whole  world  is  now  to  be 
reckoned  at  50!),  of  which  .'{55  are  Heteroptera  and  214  llomoptera.  The 
abundance  of  Hemiptera  in  our  Western  Tertiaries  maj-  perha|)s  fairly  be 
pictured  when  we  remember  that  I  leer  in  his  first  elal)oraiion  of  those  found 
in  the  rocks  of  Europe  einimerated  13.-},  and  that  in  the  present  work,  the 
first  elaboration  of  those  of  America,  the  number  is  almost  exactly  double, 

2t;5. 

In  studying  this  group  I  have  been  greatly  aided  by  many  kind  favors 
from  my  friends,  Mr.  P.  R.  Uhler,  of  Baltimore,  and  Mr.  E.  P.  Van  Duzee, 
of  Buffalo. 

Order  HOMOPTERA  Latreille. 

The  variety  of  forms  referable  to  the  families  of  Homoptera  that  have 
been  found  in  tluj  American  rocks  is  not  a  little  surprising,  and  it  includes 
some  remarkable  forms.  All  the  families  are  represented  excepting  the 
Stridulai^.tia,  and  this  exception  is  the  mon*  noticeable  because  the  presence 
of  this  family  has  been  signalized  in  several  instances  in  the  Euro])ean  Ter- 
tiary rocks,  ani  species  believed  to  biilong  here  have  even  been  found  in 
the  Mesozoic  deposits.  Yet  two  families,  Coccidie  and  Psyllidse,  occur  with 
us,  and  have  not  yet  been  .ound  in  European  rocks,  tliongh  Coccidn  are 
known  from  the  Baltic  amber.  In  all  we  find  .epresented  six  families,  thir- 
teen subfamilies,  fifty-five  genera,  and  one  hundred  and  twelve  species  in 
the  foiu"  hundred  speciniens  that  have  been  examined. 

The  families  Coccidse  and  Psyllid;e,  however,  are  very  feebly  lopre- 
sented  by  a  few  examples  only,  the  great  bulk  of  the  fossils  both  in  Eu- 
rope and  America  belonging  to  the  four  families,  Aphides,  Fulgorina, 
Jassides,  and  Cercopidic ;  in  each  of  these,  with  the  possible  exception  of 
the  Jassides,  the  variety  and  abundance  of  forn)s  is  greater  in  America  than 
in  Europe,  even  including  the  types  from  amber,  while  a  comparison  of  the 
rock  deposits  alone  would  show  a  vast  jn-eponderance  on  the  American  side. 
In  individuais  the  Cercopidio  easily  hold  the  first  rank,  and  this  appears  to 
be  true  in  Europe  as  in  America;  next,  follow  tliH  Aphides,  for  which  in 
variety  of  type  and  in  interest  America  far  excels.     The  Jassides  appear  to 


240 


TKRTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOJlTll  AMEttlCA. 


present  relatively  the  least  interest,  but  the  absen'je  from  American  deposits 
of  one  whole  division  of  that  family,  the  Mombracida,  is  rather  surprising 
in  view  of  their  presence  (though  rarely)  in  European  deposits  and  their 
relative  abundance  in  America  to-day. 

The  following  tabular  enumeration  of  the  species  and  genera  occurring 
in  the  European  and  American  Tertiaries  may  serve  to  present  in  a  clearer 
light  the  agreements  ami  disparities  between  them.  The  American  list  is 
drawn  from  the  description.'^  in  the  present  work,  while  the  European  is  from 
miscellaneous  sources,  and  includes  all-  tiiose  genera  and  species  which  have 
been  merely  indivatcd  as  occurring  in  certain  deposits,  and  so  it  might  fairly 
be  ('ousiderably  reduced.  It  should  not  be  overlooked,  moreover,  that  it 
includes  all  the  amber  forms  : 

Summari/  litl  of  kMown  foatil  llomoptera. 


KnniilieM. 


Ciiciidii' 

.\plli(lrN 

I'HVlliilii-  ' 

l''ul);()rinit 

'  .f ll»Hicl<!H [ 

('t'rco|iulii' 

I  Stridiilniitiit 

I 

Total  


Aiiici'u 

a. 

Kiiroiie, 
(ii'iifia.  S|(( 

(ii'lliTil.   S 

ircirs. 

fifM. 

t 
1.^ 

1 

t; 

1 

•J(» 

'-* 

2 

(1 

() 

w 

iW 

7 

18 

ll 

at 

It 

•M 

1" 

a- 

4 

a4 

0 

0 

1 

t 

102 

r>5 

m  i 

''l 

If  W(!  exclude  the  amber  forms  and  compare  the  fauna  of  the  rocks 
only,  we  shall  reach  a  very  different  result,  as  the  following  table  shows : 

Tnhle  of/ofiil  Homopttiii  from  rock  rfr;>ii«i/«. 


America. 


Km  rope. 


Kiiiiiilii's. 


.Ui'iirru.  SpccieH.  Genera 


I 
S|H)cies.; 


t'ocriil:!' 

Apliiili'H 

j  I'nylliihr  .... 
I  FiilK«riiia  ... 
i  JuHNiilcs 

Or<'o|(i<lii'. .. 

Striiliilaiitia. 

Total  .. 


I 

1 

0 

0 

ir. 

:ta 

:i  , 

8 

a 

a 

"1 

0 

i(> 

an 

:t 

3 

11 

ai 

H 

18 

10 

•n 

1 

ai 

u 

0 

1 

<; 

iia 


VJ 


an 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— COCCID^. 


241 


This  table  shows  clearly  how  poorly  the  Aphides  and  Fulgorina  are 
preserved  in  the  European  as  compared  with  the  American  rocks. 

It  has  been  necessary  to  establish  a  large  number  of  new  generic  groups 
to  contain  the  American  forms,  which  perhaps  would  not  have  been  the  case 
to  the  same  extent  had  a  really  good  selection  of  existing  tropical  American 
types  been  accessible ;  for  the  affinities  of  nearly  the  whole  homoj)terous 
fauna  of  our  Tertiaries  are  plainly  subtropical.  It  is  curious  to  see  how 
highly  developed  some  apparently  extinct  types  were  in  that  day  ;  the  family 
groups  were  quite  as  trenchant  ;is  now,  and  while  we  find  in  some,  as  in 
Aphides,  marked  departures  from  modern  structure,  it  in  no  wsiy  appears  to 
affect  the  family  characters  or  to  mark  any  approach  toward  the  neighboring 
groups.  Some  genera  now  apparently  extinct  seem  to  have  attained  a  high 
degree  of  differentiation,  as  witness  Aphidopsis  among  the  Aphides,  Dia- 
plegma  among  the  Fulgorina,  Palecphora,  Lithecphora,  and  Palaphrodes 
among  the  Cercopida?;  of  all  of  these  tlure  were  several  species,  and  more 
than  occur  in  any  other  generic  group  excepting  Agallia  among  the  Jassides, 
which  is  equal  to  the  least  prolific  of  them.  As  a  general  rule  it  is  also  in 
just  these  genera  that  the  individuals  are  the  most  abundant,  notably  among 
the  Cercopidaj,  which  as  a  family  is  almost  twice  as  numerous  as  all  the 
others  together,  though  the  least  among  these  larger  families  well  provided 
with  generic  distinctions ;  for  the  three  genera,  Palecphora,  Lithecphora,  and 
Palaphrodes,  with  their  fifteen  species,  not  only  O'ltnumber  in  specific  types 
the  other  seven  genera  of  Cercopidiu  (twelve  species),  but  they  contain  more 
than  nine-tenths  of  the  individuals  of  this  family  which  have  passed  under 
my  eyes. 

Family  COCCID^^:. 

The  only  fossils  of  this  group  hitherto  known  are  some  that  occur  in 
amber.  Three  species  referred  to  Monophlobus  were  described  and  figured 
by  Germar,  and  Monge  has  since  added  short  descriptions  of  half  a  dozen 
species  referred  to  Aleurodes,  Coccus  (2),  Dorthesia,  and  the  extinct  genera 
Ochyrocoris  and  Polyclona.  To  these  we  are  able  to  add  a  single  species 
from  Florissant. 

MONOPHLEBUS  Leach. 

This  is  an  Old  World  genus  which  has  never  been  detected  living  in 
America.  The  species  are  largely  from  tropical  regions,  but  a  single  one 
is  recognized  from  Europe.     On  this  account  there  is  special  interest  in  the 

VOL  XIII 16 


242 


TEBTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMEBIOA. 


occurrence  of  three  species  of  this  group  in  Prussian  amber,  described  by 
Germar  in  Koch  and  Berendt's  great  work,  and  it  is  still  more  interesting 
to  find  a  species  apparently  belonging  to  this  genus  from  the  shales  of  Flor- 
issant, Colorado. 

MONOPHIiEBUS   SIMPLEX. 

The  sin^rle  specimen  referred  to  this  genuH  agrees  better  with  the  fossil 
than  with  recent  types.  It  is  a  fairly  well  preserved  body,  with  the  dorsal 
surface  uppermost,  but  slightly  turned  to  one  side;  the  wings  partially 
expanded,  and  all  the  legs  of  one  side  showing  excepting  the  tarsi ;  unfortu- 
nately no  antennic  are  preserved.  The  head  is  small  and  subcircular ;  the 
thorax  large,  subquadrate,  tapering  abruptly  in  front  to  the  width  of  the 
head,  which  is  hardly  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  thorax.  Wings  of 
the  shape  of  those  of  M.  pinnatus  from  amber,  about  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  well  rounded,  showing  with  distinctness  only  the  subcostal  vein 
which  runs  from  near  the  base  toward  the  costa,  on  approaching  which  it 
follows  the  thickened  margin  almost  exactly  parallel  to  it  to  the  extreme 
tip  of  the  wing,  much  as  is  seen  to  be  the  case  in  M.  pinnatus,  though  here 
separated  more  widely  from  the  shoulder  of  the  wing  at  its  base ;  besides 
these  there  are  only  visible  the  ba.se  of  the  median  vein  from  wliich  the  sub- 
costal takes  its  rise,  running  but  an  extremely  short  distance  into  the  heart 
of  the  wing,  and  a  mere  spur  of  the  lower  vein  which  arises  barely  before 
the  8ubco.stal  and  runs  into  the  heart  of  the  wing  a  less  distance  than  does 
the  oblique  basal  part  of  the  subcostal.  The  legs  are  subequal  in  lengtli ; 
the  tibiic  a  little  longer  than  the  femora  and  scarcely  slenderer ;  all  are 
.slight.  The  abdomen  is  long  oval,  well  rounded  behind,  and  (tonipoxed 
distinctly  of  nine  joints,  of  which  the  penultimate  is  very  slight  l)ut  the  pre- 
ceding ones  subequal,  with  no  signs  of  any  lateral  or  terminal  appendages. 

Length  of  body,  3.2.V'"";  breadth  of  same,  1""";  length  of  wing,  2.5™"'; 
breadth,  0.8""" ;  length  of  hind  femora,  0.7""" ;  hind  tibiaj,  0.75"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7561. 

Family  APHIDES  Leach. 

One  would  hardly  suppose  that  objects  of  such  extreme  delicacy  and 
minute  size  aa  plant  lice  would  be  found  in  a  fossil  state.  Yet  they  are  by 
no  means  infrequent,  and  have  even  been  found  in  the  Secondary  deposits 
of  England ;  for  in  Urodie's  work  two  objects  which  appear  to  be  wingless 


HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 


243 


forms  are  figured,  and  besides  these  another  winged  plant  louse  of  a  diminu- 
tive size,  showing  the  characteristic  venation  of  the  group.  In  the  Ter- 
tiary rocks  a  considerable  number  of  species  have  been  found;  most  of  these 
have  been  referred  to  Aphis  (twelve  species)  and  Lachnus  (eight),  and  so 
belong,  like  the  bulk  of  living  species,  to  the  subfamily  Aphidinae ;  but 
the  Pemphigina)  are  represented  by  a  Pemphigus  from  Oeningen  and  the 
Schizoneurina3  by  a  Schizoneura  from  amber.  Besides  occurring  in  these 
localities  they  have  also  been  found  at  Radoboj,  Aix,  and  Ain,  in  Europe, 
and  we  can  now  add  several  localities  in  our  own  country.  That  they  are 
not  scarce  in  amber  is  sliown  by  Menge's  collection,  which  in  1856  included 
fifty-six  specimens.  But  these  are  few  compared  with  the  number  from 
Florissant,  where  more  than  one  hundred  specimens  have  been  found,  about 
seventy  of  them  determinable,  though  in  the  other  American  localities — 
Green  River  and  Quesnel,  British  Columbia — only  two  or  three  specimens 
have  occurred.  Indeed,  by  the  present  publication  the  number  of  known 
fossil  species  is  doubled. 

There  are  some  remarkable  features  about  the  Florissant  forms.  The 
mass  of  them  belong,  as  is  the  case  with  those  from  the  European  Tertiary 
rocks,  to  the  AphidinsB  proper.  But  both  here  and  in  the  Schizoneurinaj,  to 
which  the  remainder  appertain,  we  are  met  by  two  remarkable  facts,  one 
that  the  variation  in  the  neuration  of  the  wings  is  very  much  greater  than 
occurs  amonj;  ne  geneia  of  living  Aphidinaj  and  Schizoneurina;,  and  greiiter 
also  than  occurs  in  the  known  Tertiary  forms  of  E»u'ope,  requiring  the 
establish n^ent  of  a  large  number  of  genera  to  represent  this  variation  ;  and, 
second,  that  at  the  same  time  there  is  one  feature  of  their  neuration  in 
which,  without  an  exception,  they  uniformly  agree,  and  differ  not  only 
from  the  modern  types  but  from  the  European  Tertiary  insects.  This  fea- 
ture is  the  great  length  and  slenderness  of  the  stigmatic  cell,  due  to  the 
removal  of  the  base  of  tlie  stigmatic  vein  to  the  middle  (or  to  before  the 
middle,  sometimes  even  to  the  base)  of  the  long  and  slender  stigma,  and  its 
slight  cur -ature;  it  is  a  fact  of  particular  interest  in  this  connection  that 
in  the  only  wing  we  know  from  the  Secondary  rocks  precisely  this  feature 
occurs,  as  illustrated  in  Brodie's  work  (see  PI.  4,  Fig.  3).  So,  too,  the  cubital 
space  is  largely  coriaceous,  so  that  the  postcostal  vein  may  be  considered 
as  exceedingly  broad  and  merging  eventually,  without  the  intervening  lack 
of  opacity,  into  the  stigma  proper.  As  a  general  rule  the  wings  are  also 
very  long  and  narrow  and  the  legs  exceedingly  long.     In  all  these  charac- 


m 


244  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

teristies  the  American  plant  lice  appear  as  a  rule  to  differ  from  forms  so  far 
described  from  the  European  Tertiaries.  The  single  winged  species  figured 
by  Berendt  from  amber,  however,  shows  precisely  this  (character  as  far  as 
the  length  of  the  stigmatic  cell  is  concerned,  which  is  about  two-fifths  the 
length  of  the  wing.  These  figures  are  incorrectly  coj)ied  by  Buckton,  with 
the  remark  that  the  neuration  is  abnormal,  which  it  certainly  is  in  his  figure. 
It  will  be  interesting  to  know  whether  the  other  species  of  the  Baltic  amber 
will  show  a  similar  departure  from  the  condition  of  the  stigmatic  cell  in 
modern  types.  Not  a  single  one  of  the  Florissant  forms  can  be  referred  to 
an  existing  genus. 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Aphide». 
Cubital  vein  twice  forked AphidinR. 

Cubital  vein  arisinn  ivt  lesH  than  lialf  tlio  (listanco  fro  n  tlm  first  oblique  to  the  Htifrniatie  vein. 

Stigmatic  vein  arinini;  niitlwny  between  the  firnt  and  Heconil  forkn  of  the  cubital  vein  or  dis- 
tinctly  nearer  the  Hecoiid  fork. 
Origin  of  the  Htijjiiiatio  vein  midway  lietween  the  \\y*\  and  second  forksof  the  cubital  vein. 

Apex  of  cell  about  three  times  a»  broad  as  its  base 1.  t'atanenra. 

Apex  of  cell  about  six  tiinoN  as  broad  as  its  base 2.  Archilachniiit. 

Origin  of  the  Rti|;nuitic  vein  scarcely  or  not  before  that  of  the  second  fork  of  the  cubital 
vein. 
RaHe  of  secorul  oblii|ue  vein  several  times  nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital 

vein ;!.  Oeranchum. 

Hase  of  the  second  nblif|ue  vein  midway  between  the  first  oblique  and  the  cubital 

vein 4.  SbenapHi. 

The  stigmatic  vein  arising  opposite  the  lirst  fork  of  the  cubital   vein  or  distinctly  nearer  it 
than  the  second. 
First  cubital  branch  nearly  or  quite  four  times  us  long  as  the  basal  stem  of  the  cubital 

vein r>.  Aplianlajtliit. 

First  cubital  branch  at  most  three  times  as  long  as  the  basal  stem  of  the  cubital  vein. 
First  olilii|ue  vein  parting  from  the  main  vein  at  an  angle  of  less  than  .">">■'. 

fi.  Siphonophoroidet. 
First  olilique  vein  parting  from  the  main  vein  at  an  angle  of  nu)re  than  7(1". 

7.  lAthaphii. 
Cubital  vein  arising  at  half  or  more  than  half  the  distance  from  the  first  oblicine  vein  to  the  stig- 
nuitic  vein. 

Main  veins  arising  at  nearly  ecpial  distances  apart M.  Tephraphi». 

Main  veins  arising  at  distinctly  iine(|nal  distances  apart. 

4Se<ond  (d)lique  vein  at  base  rarely  so  much  as  twice  as  near  the  first  ol)lique  as  the  cubit.il 

vein It.  Aphidopoin. 

Seconil  obli([ne  vein  at  liasc  four  times  as  near  the  tirst  oUli(|ue  as  t'le  cubital  vein. 

The  first  oblique  vein  straight,  not  twn-lhirds  as  l.iiig  as  the  'lecoud  olilique  vein,  and 

considerably  divergent  fniiu  it 10.  Ori/(?f«p/ii». 

First  iibli<|uit  vein  curvi'd  outward,  nearly  as  lout;  as  the  second  oblique  vein,  ami 

hardly  divergent  fror-  it 11.  Sychnobrodiu^. 

Cnbitd  vein  once  forked SciliKonriirillffi. 

Cubital  vein  arising  at  more  than  half  the  distance  from  the  first  oblique  vein  to  the  stigmatic 

vein 12.  Svhizoiieuroidei. 

Cubital  vein  arising  at  less  than  half  the  distance  fnun  the  lirst  obliipie  vein  to  thesligmalic  vein. 

("ubital  vein  forking  beyond  the  base  of  the  stigma tii;  V4'in l;l.  Amalanchum. 

Cubital  vein  forkuig  before  the  liasi'  of  th<)  stigmatic  vein. 

Uase  of  si'cond  (lis<<>iilal  cell  less  than  three  times  the  width  of  that  of  the  first. 

14.  Aiiconotut. 
Basi' of  second  discoidal  cell  more  than  five  times  the  width  of  that  of  the  first. 

ir>.  Pteroitigma. 


HEMIPTEKA— UOMOPTERA— APUIDES. 


245 


1.  CATANEURA  gen.  nov.  (jcard,  vevpoi). 

Head  very  small,  iippareiitly  destitute  of  frontal  tul)ereles.  Antennae 
unknown.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of 
the  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  far  from  its  origin, 
which  is  near  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  space  betweeri  the  base 
of  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins,  the  second  time  about  as  far  beyond 
the  origin  of  the  stigmatic  as  that  is  beyond  the  first  fork  of  the  cubital 
vein.  The  second  oblique  vein  arises  a  little  nearer  the  first  oblique  than 
the  cubital  vein,  the  first  at  a  slightly  less  angle,  the  first  discoidal  cell 
between  them  about  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base. 
Legs  moderately  slender,  the  hind  femora  about  half  as  long  as  the  fore 
wings.     Abdomen  broad  ovate,  apparently  with  a  short  and  stout  cauda. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Cataneiira. 

FirHt  discoidul  coil  more  transvoran  tlian  longitudinal;  cubital  vein  very  distant  from  the  stigmatic, 
apiiroucbiDg  the  secoud  obliiiiiu  vuin 1.  C.  absens. 

FirHt  diHcoidal  cell  aH  lougitiidiiial  an  transverse;  unbital  ''ein  apitroximatiag  the  stigmatic  rather 
than  the  second  oblique  vein 2.  C.  riltyi. 

1.  Cataneura  absens. 

The  single  specimen  shows  little  beside  the  wings  folded  flatly  over 
the  back,  but  the  head  and  thorax  and  one  of  the  femora  are  also  preserved. 
The  fore  wing  is  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  first  oblique  vein 
is  straight  and  very  long,  parting  at  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about 
thirty-five  degrees ;  second  oblique  vein  slightly  sinuous,  parting  from  the 
postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  forty-five  degrees ;  the  first  discoidal  cell 
between  them  very  long  consilering  that  it  is  more  transver.se  than  longi- 
tudinal, the  base  moderately  narrow,  the  apex,  as  measured  on  the  hind 
margin,  about  three  times  as  broad  as  the  base.  Cubital  vein  taking  an 
exceptionally  low  course,  so  as  to  be  very  distant  from  the  stigmatic  vein 
throughout,  first  forking  half-way  to  the  hind  border,  then  bent  outward. 
Stigmatic  vein  arcuate  and  divergent  at  base. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  of  fore  wing,  6.5""°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  607. 

2.  Cataneura  rileyi. 

The  head  with  part  of  the  antennaj,  the  thorax  with  most  of  the  legs 
and  one  wing,  and,  obscurely,  the  abdomen  are  preserved  in  the  single 
example  known.     The  fore  wing  is  about  three  and  a  half  times  longer  than 


246 


TERXrAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERIOA. 


m 


broad.  The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at 
scarcely  more  than  forty  five  degrees,  and  the  S(»cond  oblique,  which  is  also 
straight,  at  as  little  less,  the  first  discoidal  cell  being,  nevertheless,  only 
moderately  long  and  narrow,  and  more  than  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  base.  Cubital  vein  broadly  arcuate,  occupying  the  middle 
of  the  space  assigned  to  it,  first  forking  at  scarcely  more  than  a  third  way 
to  the  hind  margin  and  again  at  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip.  Stigmatic 
vein  parting  very  narrowly  from  the  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  very 
slender  and  nearly  or  quite  a  third  the  length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  4'""' ;  of  fore  wing,  6""". 

Named  for  Dr.  Charles  Valentine  Riley,  whose  researches  on  the  grape 
root  aphid.  Phylloxera,  to  mention  only  this,  are  widely  known. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  2916. 


2   ARCHTLACHNUS  Buckton. 

Jrohilachnu*  Biickt.,  Monoi;r.  Brit.  ApbideH,  IV,  177(1883). 

The  head  appesirs  to  be  without  frontal  tubercles,  and  the  antennae  are 
slender,  almost  as  long  as  the  body  (perhaps  longer),  with  the  basal  joints 
as  in  Aphis.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of 
the  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  at  a  moderate  distance 
from  its  origin,  wliich  is  near  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  space 
between  the  base  of  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins,  the  second  time 
as  far  beyctnd  the  origin  of  the  stigmatic  as  it  is  beyond  the  first  fork  of  the 
cibital  vein.  Second  oblique  vein  arising  a  little  nearer  the  first  obli(jue 
than  the  cubital  vein,  at  an  angle  of  about  forty-five  degrees  with  the  post- 
costal,  the  first  at  a  distinctly  less  angle,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell 
between  them  is  about  six  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the 
base.  Legs  moderately  stout,  the  hind  pair  about  as  long  as  the  fore 
wings.     Abdomen  broad  ovate  with  a  short  and  moderately  stout  cauda. 

The  genus  was  not  .separately  characterized  by  Buckton.  I  do  not  see 
any  special  relation  to  Lachnus. 

Table  of  the  itpfciet  of  Archilachnuf. 

Lurf;i>  and  stout  HpncioH.     Cnliitnl  vt'iii  bnit  at  its  firnt  fiiri;nti»n,  othprwi«<>  i«trftl(lht..  .1.  A.  pennntiii. 
Suiall  und  Hieudur  Hpuuioa.     Cubitul  vuiii  guutly  uicuatu  tbruugtiuul  tliu  Ur8t  twu-thirdH  of  'n»  uoiiinu. 

a.  A.  mudgei. 


HEMIPTEBA—HOMOPTEBA— APHIDES. 


247 


. 


1.  Archilachnus  pennatub. 

PI.  18,  Figs.  1,  15-17. 

Archilachnut  penmtui  Bnckt.,  MoiiuKr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  177,  PI.  133,  Fig.  3  (1883). 

As  preserved,  the  head  and  thorax  are  uniform  and  fonsiderably  darker 
than  the  abdomen.  Tlie  body  is  stout.  Fore  wing  more  than  two  and  a 
half  times  longer  than  broad,  with  the  postcostal  vein  thick,  straight,  and 
uniform,  running  into  the  very  long  and  fusiform  stigma,  and  separated  by 
a  narrow  space  from  the  margin,  which  is  gently  convex,  and  so  a  little  more 
distant  at  base.  First  oblique  vein  arising  at  one-third  the  distance  from 
the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  straight,  parting  from  the  post- 
costal  at  an  angle  of  about  sixty  degrees  ;  second  oblique  vein  arising  very 
close  to  the  first,  straight,  or  very  slightly  sinuate  or  arcuate,  parting  from 
the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  forty- five  degrees ;  first  discoidal  cell  much 
widened  distally,  being  five  or  six  times  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than 
at  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  twice  as  far  from  the  second  as  the  second 
from  the  first  oblique  vein,  with  its  first  branch  completely  parallel  to 
the  second  oblique  vein,  first  forking  at  a  trifle  more  than  one-third  the 
way  out,  and  again  about  half-way  from  the  first  fork  to  the  apex  of  the 
wing,  varying  in  individuals,  at  the  first  fork  bent  slightly  but  beyond 
almost  jjerfectly  straight.  The  stigmatic  vein  is  arcuate  and  parts  sometimes 
widely,  sometimes  narrowly  from  the  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  of 
variable  slenderness,  though  always  more  than  a  third  as  long  as  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  of  fore  wing,  6.6""' ;  hind  femora,  2.5""" ;  hind 
tibiaj,  3.75™". 

Florissant.    Five  specimens,  Nos.  177,  4615,  6993,  9221,  12727. 


2.  Archilachnus  mudoei. 

The  single  specimen  ii?  3xcellently  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view,  except 
that  the  overlapping  fore  wings  are  somewhat  confused,  lying  upon  the  top 
of  the  back,  and  that  one  wing  is  doubled  upon  itself.  The  body  is  rather 
slender,  the  head  and  thorax  darker  than  the  scarcely  perceptible  abdomen 
and  apparently  mottled.  Fore  wings  with  the  postcostal  vein  and  stigma 
as  in  A.  pennatus,  the  first  oblique  vein  arising  at  a  little  more  than  one- 
third  the  distance  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  but  other- 
wise like  the  second  oblique  vein,  as  in  A.  pennatus ;  the  first  discoidal  cell 


h\ 


TEKTIAKY  IN8KCT8  OF  NORTH    VMKUICA. 

18  imicli  more  open,  hut  how  much  the  (condition  of  tlie  Hpeciiiioii  doeH  not 
show.  Cul)ital  vein  unking'  Hnireely  farther  from  tlie  Hecond  oljlicjur  vein 
tlian  tlie  hitter  i»  from  the  tirHt,  forkin<r  much  im  in  tlie  prece<liii^  speciex, 
hut  passiiijjf  ill  a  gently  arcuate  course  midway  in  the  space  allotted  to  it. 
'I'lie  Htigmatic  vein  parts  gently  with  a  consii'jrahle  arciiation,  hut  not  very 
widely,  from  the  stigma,  the  cell  heinjf  apparently  abt)ut  one-third  the  length 
of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  3.5""";  fore  win}?,  4.75""";  hind  femora,  2.4""";  hind 
tibia  and  tarsi,  4.6"'"'. 

In  memory  of  Benjamin  Franklin  Mudgo,  the  Kansas  geologist  and 
paleontologist. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  13328. 


3.  GEUANCnON  gen.  nov.  (yepato?,  dyncoy). 

Wings  only  known.  Fore  wing  with  the  stigniatic  vein  arising  from 
the  middle  of  the  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  very  far 
from  its  origin,  which  is  near  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  iho  spaiie 
between  the  base  of  the  first  obliciue  and  the  stigniatic  veins,  the  second 
time  scarcely  behind  the  base  of  the  stigniatic  vein.  Second  obliiiue  vein 
arising  many  times  nearer  the  first  obliipie  than  the  cubital  vein  and  dose 
to  the  former,  the  first  discoiilal  cell  between  them  about  ten  times  broader 
on  the  hind  margin  than  at  the  base. 

Table  <f  the  speciea  of  Geranehon. 

Ciiliitul  vein  runiiiii){  coiDtidcrHbly  bttlotv  tin-  iiiiilillc  iit'ittt  urea,  ilH  briiui'hcHbtniigbt  ..  ..1,  U.  ditvitii. 
Cubital  vi-iu  riiuiiiiig  thnuigh  tliv  uiiddlu  uf  it^  ureu,  iU  briiiK^lit-M  uiuuato 2.  (;.  iielrorum, 

1.    GeKANCHON    DAV18II. 

Only  the  wing  is  preserved  and  the  ba.se  is  broken,  but  it  may  be  judged 
to  have  been  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  po.stco8tal  vein  is  very 
broad  and  straight,  nutrgiiig  into  the  slightly  thickened  fusiform  stigma ;  next 
the  base  it  is  rather  far  removed  from  tlu;  costal  margin.  The  first  oblique 
vein  parts  at  an  angle  of  about  sixty  degrees  witii  the  postcostal  and  is 
straight;  the  second  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  and  is  straiglit  nearly 
to  the  tip,  which  is  lost  but  appears  to  bend  outward,  so  that  the  first  dis- 
coidal  cell  between  them,  very  narrow  at  base  and  broadening  at  tip,  is  ex- 
cessively different  in  width  at  its  two  extremities.     Cubii      vein  faint  at  its 


I 


HEMIPTEKA— IIOMOI'TKKA— AIMllDHa. 


249 


origin,  but  apparently  arising  four  tinieH  nn  far  from  the  second  obli({uo  hh 
the  Hecoiul  from  the  HrHt;  it  forks  at  Houiewliat  leHH  than  half-way  to  the 
hind  border  and  runs  by  a  series  of  bends  at  a  long  distance  below  the 
middle  of  its  area,  forking  a  sucorid  time  nearly  as  far  from  the  first  as 
the  first  from  its  root.  The  stigmatic  vein  is  arcuate  and  diverges  rather 
widely  from  the  stigma,  but  the  length  of  the  stigmatic  cell  car>  not  be 
determined, 

licngth  of  fragment,  3..')"'"';  probable  length  of  wing  4.4""";  breadth, 
1.4""". 

Named  for  Prof  William  Morris  Davis,  of  Harvard  College. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nu.  140r)3. 

2.    (IeRANCHON    PKTROHIIM. 

PI.  2,  Fig. «. 

Laohntu  petrorum  SouAi.,  Rep.  Ptogr.  Ouol.  8iirv.  Cuii.,  ld75-'7<!,  '279(1877). 

A  fragment  of  a  wing  is  sufficiently  preserved  to  show  that  it  should  be 
referred  here,  while  the  exact  position  of  the  veins  is  different  from  tliat  of 
the  other  species.  The  wing  is  unusually  slender ;  the  postcostal  vein  thick- 
ens apically  us  it  merges  in  the  stigma;  the  first  oblicpie  vein  is  straight; 
the  second  originates  very  close  to  the  first,  runs  parallel  to  it  only  at  the 
very  base,  and  then  bends  pretty  strongly  outward,  striking  the  margin  of 
the  wing  nearly  as  far  from  the  tip  of  the  first  obli(pie  vein  as  half  its  own 
length ;  the  origin  of  the  cubital  vein  is  not  clear,  but  it  is  ajjparently  not 
far  out,  in  which  case  it  runs  parallel  with  the  secorul  oblicjue  vein  until  it 
branches  in  the  middle  of  the  wing;  the  lower  of  these  branches  almost  re- 
tains the  course  of  the  basal  part  of  the  veins,  but  diverges  slightly  from  the 
second  oblique  vein,  terminating  very  far  from  it  on  the  border  of  the  wing ; 
the  main  stem,  diverging  from  the  first  l)ranch  rather  widely  at  first,  almost 
at  once  runs  parallel  to  the  lower  branch,  and  when  it  has  continued  a  less 
distance  than  the  main  vein  before  its  furcation,  divides,  the  two  forks  di- 
verging but  sligiitly  at  base,  aad  then  very  ^.'•radually  converging  until  they 
are  no  farther  apart  than  the  bases  of  the  first  and  second  oblitiuo  veins,  and 
the  upper  fork  almost  touches  the  stigmatic  vein  (probably  by  some  dis- 
placement) ;  together  they  diverge  a  little  from  the  lower  branch  of  the 
(•ubital  vein ;  the  stigmatic  vein  is  very  conspicuous,  passing  by  a  broad 
sweep  into  the  heart  of  the  wing,  diverging  from  the  stigma  at  a  greater 


i! 


250 


TEUTIAKY  INSKCTa  OF  NORTH  AMRKICA. 


i! 


i 

ti 


uujflo  than  does  tho  Hecornl  oblique ;  uiitortiinately  tlie  tip  of  the  wing  in 
broken,  and  more  tlian  the  a|)ical  halt'  of  the  outer  border  {h  also  wantiuf^. 

Len^rth  of  frnjfuient,  4""";  oHtinuited  length  of  wing,  6'""';  width  of 
Hanie,  l.«f)""". 

(^uesnel,  liritiHh  Columbia.    Dr.  G.  M.  Duwaon.     One  specimen,  Nu.  19. 

4.  SHKNAIMIIS  gen.  nov.  {afiivwui,  Aphin). 

Head  without  frontal  tubercle»,  tho  front  transverse.  Anteinia>  very 
slender,  at  least  nearly  as  long  as  the  body.  Fore  wings  with  the  stig- 
matie  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of  the  stign)a.  Cubital  vein  twice  fork(*<l, 
the  tirst  time  at  a  moderate  distance  from  its  origin,  which  is  at  or  a  triHe 
outside  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins, 
the  second  time  opposite  or  scarcely  beyond  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein. 
Second  oblique  vein  arising  nearer  the  first  obli(|ue  than  the  cni)ital  vein 
but  at  varying  relative  distances,  always  close  to  the  first  obli(|ue  vein,  tho 
first  discoidal  cell  between  them  being  four  or  five  times  broader  on  tho 
hind  margin  than  at  base.  Legs  slender,  varying  in  length  but  shorter  than 
the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  ovale.  Some  specimens  seem  to  show  a  .short 
stout  Cauda,  which  others  appear  to  lack,  and  occasionally  short  curniclos 
may  be  'iotected  which  are  apparently  of  uniform  diameter. 

Table  of  the  tpecim  of  Sbenapkii. 

Second   oblique  vein  nriilng  niiilway,  or  ii)>uiit  iiii(lwit)',b()tw<>i  >    !iu  lifHt  obli(|iie  and  cubital  velhH. 

1.  5.  quetneU. 
Second  obli(|ii«  vriii  itriiiiDK  much  nearer  tho  tinit  obliqnu  than  the  cubital  vein. 

Hhim)  of  HiM-ond  diM'oidal  ri-ll  twicu  un  w'ulu  oh  tliut  of  the  llrHt;  cubital  vein  riinninj;  barely  nearer 

tht<  Htiftnintic  than  thti  second  obli(|ne  v»in 'i.  S.  uhleri. 

Baiieof  Hecond  diHcoidal  cell  nearly  thrice  aH  wide  aa  that  of  the  llrHt;  cubital  vein  running  very 
much  closer  to  the  HtiKinatio  t  jau  to  the  tiecond  obliiine  vein li,  S.  lania. 

SbENAPHIS    ylJESNELI. 
PI.  2,  Figs.  4, 6;  PI.  18,  Pig.  12. 

iMchnut  iiueiineli  Suudd.,  Kiip.  Progr.  Qeol.  8urv.  Can.,  l87tl-'77,  461-462  (l»78). 

The  original  description,  with  certain  omissions  and  changes  to  corre- 
spond with  the  phraseology  here  employed,  was  as  follows: 

The  remains  which  are  preserved  are  a  ])air  of  overlapping  front  wings 
with  torn  edges,  but  with  all  the  imjKjrtant  parts  of  the  neuration,  and  some 
of  tho  veins  of  the  hind  wings.     The  body  is  completely  crushed  and  all 


HBiMIPTEKA-IIOMOPTKRA— AIMIIDKS. 


251 


other  mornl)erH  iiro  abHuut.  The  partH  wliic-li  can  bo  Htiidioil  are  than  v«ry 
Miinilar  to  thotto  found  in  O^uranchon  potroruni,  duscribod  above,  i'roni  tlio 
Hanio  bod.  Owinj^  to  thu  alMuiuto  of  tbo  inar<{in,  the  Hhape  of  tlie  winjf  (;ati 
not  be  determined  The  porttuoHtal  vein  iH  thick  throughout,  but  broadens 
apioally ;  the  first  anil  nacond  ol)lique  veinn  are  botli  perfectly  ntraifflit, 
ori^finutiuff  scarcely  fiirtlior  apart  tliun  the  wiilth  of  the  poHt( -.ostal  vein  and 
diver^finjif  considerably.  From  the  position  in  whiish  the  \vin;;s  are  preserved 
(one  front  wiji<f  almost  exactly  coverinjj  the  other,  and  the  iwo  inclosin<^ 
between  them  both  hind  win^u,  also  almost  exactly  superimposed)  the  first 
and  sec^ond  discoidal  veins  of  the  two  front  vvinjfs  and  the  two  obliipie  veins 
of  each  hind  win;f  form  a  medley  of  almost  conHuent  lines,  so  that  it  is  a 
little  ditHciilt  to  determine  to  which  of  tl;e  four  win;;s  and  to  what  part  of 
that  wing  each  of  the  eight  veins  belongs ;  regarding  the  veins  of  the  hind 
wings  there  may,  therefore,  be  some  error  in  the  statement  to  be  made,  but 
there  can  be  little  doubt  of  the  position  and  relation  of  the  veins  of  the  front 
wing,  which  a|)pears  to  lie  uppermost.  The  cubital  vein  originates  at  a  dis- 
tance beyond  the  base  of  the  second  oblicpie  barely  greater  than  tha  distance 
at  which  the  latter  is  placed  from  the  first ;  it  makes  an  angle  with  the  post- 
costal  vein  of  loss  than  forty-five  degrees ;  is  nowhere  in  tiie  least  degree 
simious,  but  is  l)ent  very  slightly  forward  at  each  forking,  rather  more  at 
its  first  than  at  its  second  ;  sends  off  its  first  branch  at  slightly  less  than  a 
millimetor  from  its  base ;  forms  with  it  an  angle  of  twenty-five  degrees,  and 
at  an  ecjual  distance  farther  on  emits  its  second  branch  at  a  similar  or  slightly 
smaller  angle;  both  the  branches  are  perfectly  straight,  and  the  upj)er  branch 
of  the  last  fork  lies  midway  between  the  lower  branch  and  the  stiginatic 
vein ;  the  latter  is  similar  to  that  of  G.  petrorum  from  the  same  beds,  but  is 
not  so  strongly  curved ;  the  first  branch  of  the  cubital  vein  also  divides 
e(|ually  the  space  between  the  second  oblique  and  the  lower  branch  of  the 
last  fork  of  the  cubital  vein.  The  oblique  veins  of  the  hind  wing  originate 
at  no  greater  distance  apart  than  the  first  and  second  oblique  veins  of  the 
front  wings,  are  a  little  less  divergent  than  they,  and  equally  straight. 

Length  of  fragment  of  wing,  5""";  its  probable  complete  length,  6'"'"; 
breadth  of  same,  1.3.5"™;  distance  from  base  of  front  wing  to  the  origin  of 
the  stigmatic  vein,  4.1""". 

To  this  may  be  added,  from  specimens  obtained  at  Florissant,  that 
the  body  is  stout  and  plump  and  the  hind  femora  as  long  as  the  breadth 


252 


TERTIAllY  INSEOTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


of  the  thorax.  In  one  apeciineii  the  abdomen  i.s  narrower  tliaa,  in  another 
broader  tiian,  in  a  third  of  the  .same  width  as,  the  tiiorax.  ']'iie  fir.st  ol)li(|iie 
vein  makes  an  angle  with  the  postcostal  of  about  tifty-tive  de<^ree.s  iind  i.s 
.straight;  the  .second  (me  of  forty-five  degree.s  and  i.s  sometimes  straigiit, 
souietiaies  .-.rcuate,  and  the  ba.se  of  the  first  discoidal  cell  being  very  narrow 
it  is  about  four  or  five  times  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than  there. 

Length  of  l)ody,  2. 75-4"""  j  of  fore  wing,  :)J)-i').b""",  the  last  partly 
estimated. 

i^'uesutd,  Hritish  Columbia.  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson.  One  specimen.  No. 
34".     K'loris.^.i;if,  Colorado.     Tl'iee  specimens,  Nos.  2234,  3577,  921)9. 

2.  Sbenaphis  uhlebi. 

Body  large,  stout,  the  head  and  thor.ix  darker  than  the  abdomen,  which 
is  broiider  than  they.  Wings  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  postcostal 
straight,  thickened  uniformly,  and  running  into  the  very  long  and  consider- 
ably fusiform  .stigma.  First  oblique  vein  straight,  .set  atnu  angle  of  fifty- 
five  degrees  with  the  postcosti.l;  the  .second  obli(pie  vein  sinuous,  placed  at 
an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  with  the  postcostal ;  the  two  veins  moderately 
close  only  at  base,  so  that  tlie  first  discoidal  cell  is  four  or  five  times  broader 
on  the  hind  margin.  Cubital  vein  faint  at  ba.se  l)Ut  originating  al)out  twice 
as  far  from  the  .second  oblique  ve'u  as  that  from  the  first,  arcuate  on  its 
basal  half,  straight  and  longitudinal  on  itsaj)ical,  occupying  with  its  branches 
the  middle  of  its  allotted  space,  first  forking  nt  le.ss  than  one-third  the  dis- 
tance *'^  the  hind  margin,  again  opposite  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  and 
less  than  half-way  from  its  own  first  fork  to  the  aj)ex  of  the  wing;  in  its 
passage  it  approaches  the  stigmatic  only  a  little  more  closely  than  the  second 
oblicpie  vein.  Stigmatic  vein  pa»'ting  very  .slightly  and  gradually  from  the 
stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  very  narrow  and  al)out  one-third  tlie 
length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  Ix.dy,  4.7.')""" ;  of  fore  wing,  6.75™"' :  breadtli  of  same,  2.2.'^""". 

Dedicated  to  my  good  friend,  Mr.  Philip  U.  L'hler,  without  wiiose 
faiihfid  and  disinterested  work  the  student  of  American  llemiptera  wtjidd 
be  sadly  at  a  loss. 

Floris.sant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2327,  11202. 


HEMIPTEKA—HOMOPTBBA— APHIDES. 


253 


« 


3.    SbENAPHIS   LAS8A. 

This  siuall  species  is  repv'.,v;:)ted  by  a  single  individual,  with  nearly  all 
the  liM^s  preserved  in  an  unusual  manner,  but  the  wings  not  so  completely. 
Tlic!  body  is  black  throughout,  the  hind  femora  longer  than  the  abdomen, 
tiie  hind  til)ia'  as  long  as  the  body.  The  wings  have  the  postcostal  vein' 
and  stigma  precisely  as  in  the  last  species.  The  first  oblicjue  v  ui  iii^rraight 
or  at  the  tip  slightly  arcuate,  parting  from  the  postco.stal  at  an  'igio  cfabout 
lit'ty  degrees,  the  second  obli(|ue  vein  distinctly  arcuate  on  iu,  '>ui'  al  half, 
l)artiiig  from  the  postcostal.it  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees,  and  separated 
froii;  the  first  by  a  slightly  wider  interval  than  in  the  other  species  described  ; 
the  first  discoidal  cell  is  about  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at 
the  base.  The  cubital  vein,  arising  nearlj'  three  times  as  far  from  the  second 
obli(pio  vein  as  the  latter  is  ^rom  the  first,  tiikcs  a  course  above  the  middle 
of  the  ai'ea  left  to  it,  approaching  very  close  to  the  stigmatic  vein ;  it  forks 
first  about  (puirter-way  to  the  hind  margin  and  again  about  opjjosite  the 
stigmatic  vein,  wl  ich,  with  the  stigmatic  cell,  is  as  in  S.  uhleri. 

Length  of  body,  3.25""";  fore  wing,  5.5"'"';  fore  femora,  1.15'""' ;  fore 
tiliia',  1.7"'"';  middle  femora,  1.4""";  middle  tibiic,  2.;J""" ;  hind  femora,  2"'"'; 
hind  tibia",  3.25'""'. 

Florssant.     One  specimen,  No.  12994. 


5.  Al'IIANTAPlIIS  gen.  nov.  {acpayro?,  Aphis). 

Head  without  frontal  tubercles,  the  antenuie  being  inserted  in  sub- 
lateral  pits;  they  are  longer  than  the  fore  wings,  very  slender  indeed,  the 
third  joint  very  Ion};.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the 
middP-  '»f'  an  exceedmgly  slender  and  tapering  stigma,  the  stigmatic  cell 
nearly  half  f)M>  length  of  the  wing.  Culntal  vein  twice  forked,  the,  fir.st  time 
at  a  veiT  slighl  distance  from  its  origin,  which  is  scarcely  before  the  middle 
of  tlie  sf/we  befwc^'U  \ho  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins,  the  second  time 
lialf  way  thence  to  tlw  tip  of  the  wing.  Second  oblitpie  vein  arising  slightly 
nearer  tlie  cuUtal  than  the  iirst  obliipie  vein,  the  first  so  near  the  base  of 
the  wing  as  to  lw>  very  .siK>rt,  and  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them  only 
about  twice  as  wid(  at  tlw^  hitid  margin  as  at  base.  Legs  long  and  slender, 
the  hind  tibia'  and  tarsi  marly  efpialing  the  length  of  the  wings. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


254 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ApHANTAPHIS   EX8UCA. 

The  fore  wing,  whicli  is  exceptionally  preserved,  is  long  oval,  almost 
three  times  as  long  as  bro.id ;  the  postcostal  and  all  the  space  between  it  and 
the  costal  margin  filled  with  pigment,  so  as  to  be  exceptionally  broad,  taper- 
ing until  it  expands  again  into  the  long  fusit'orm  stigma.  First  ohliiiue  vein 
very  close  to  the  base,  short,  straight,  j)arting  from  the  j)ostcosfal  af  an 
angle  of  at  least  seventy  degrees,  not  twice  as  h)ng  as  the  lireadth  of  the  base 
of  the  first  discoidal  cell  ;  second  oblique  vein  arising  far  from  tiu;  first  at  a.i 
angle  of  fifty  degrees,  straight  until  near  the  tip,  where  it  bends  considerably 
to  meet  the  margin,  lO  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  hardly  more  than  twice 
as  broad  on  the  liiri  1  margin  as  at  the  base.  Cubital  vein  feeble,  but  uniform 
throughout;  hardly  so  far  removed  from  the  second  obliijue  vein  at  its 
oiigin  as  that  from  the  first,  first  forkimg  hardly  one-sixth  way  to  the  hind 
margin,  again  fully  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing,  running  slightly  nearer 
the  stigmatic  tiian  the  second  oblique  vein.  Stigmati(^  vein  arising  opposite 
a  point  about  one-third  the  distance  frooi  the  first  to  the  second  forking  of 
the  cubital  vein  or  less,  far  l)efore  t\u-  middle  of  tiie  stigma,  having  a 
broad  sweep,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell,  rhough  not  narrow,  is  four-ninths 
the  length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  fore  wing,  4  5™"' ;  i)readth  nai"  same,  1.6""" ;  length  of  antennas 
6""";  hind  tibije  and  tarsi,  4""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1215. 


I 


6.  SIPHONOPHOROIDES  Buckton. 

SiphonophoroideK  (parH)  Buckton,  Monogr.  Urit.  Apliidi-H,  IV,  17(i  (18SH). 

AntennsE  inserted  on  distinct  and  prominent  frontal  tubercles,  the  first 
two  joints  forming  together  a  stout,  sulxonical  mass  more  than  twice  as  long 
as  broad;  the  remainder  of  the  ;i  tuna' slender,  filiform,  nuu'h  longer  than 
tlie  body,  as  long  as  the  fore  wingw,  all  the  joints  and  especially  the  third 
excessiveh'  long.  Fore  wings  with  tlie  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the 
middle  of  tlie  very  long  and  slender  fusiform  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice 
forked,  the  first  time  tolerably  far  from  its  origin,  which  is  usually  at  about 
one-third  the  di.stanc(!  from  the  ba.se  of  the  first  o!»li(pie  to  ihat  of  the  stig- 
matic vein,  the  second  time  about  as  far  again  beyond  the  stigmatic  vein  as 
that  is  beyond  the  first  fork  of  the  cubital  vein.     Second  oblique  vein  aris- 


HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 


255 


i 


ing  somewhat  but  not  greatly  nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein, 
the  tirst  at  a  considerably  wider  angle,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between 
them  is  from  three  or  four  to  six  or  eight  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  marjrin 
as  at  the  base.  Legs  slender,  the  hind  femora  half  as  long  as  the  fore  wings. 
Abdomen  ovate,  rather  broad,  well  rounded  apically,  with  very  short  and 
stout  cornicles  in  at  least  one  species,  but  no  cauda. 

Buckton  gave  no  characteristics  of  his  genus  apart  from  the  specific 
description  ;  his  supposition  that  the  abdomen  was  pointed  was  due  to  his 
taking  the  faiut  signs  of  the  first  oblique  veins  as  the  sides  of  the  abdomen 
in  the  figure  wiiich  formed  the  basis  of  his  determination. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Siphoiiophoroidet. 

Second  oblique  vein  parting  from  Mii>  postcostal  ut  an  angle  of  forty-Are  degrees 1.  S.  antiqua. 

Second  oblique  vein  parting  from  the  pnitoostul  at  an  angle  of  ttitrty-llve  degrees. 

FirHt  braneli  of  cubital  vein  distant  from  tlie  second  obliqne  vein 

First  branch  of  cubital  vein  closely  approximated  to  the  second  oblique  vein  ... 


2.  S.  rttfinetquei. 
...3.  S.  propinqua. 


SiPHONOPHOBOIDES   ANTIQUA. 

PI.  18,  Figs.  3,  5,  7,  10. 

Siphonophoroidet  anliqua  Buckton,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  176,  PI.  i;<3,  Fig.  1  (1883). 

This  is  far  the  most  common  of  the  Florissant  Aphides,  and  many  of 
the  specimens  are  very  fairly  preserved,  f  hey  are  uniformly  dark  colored, 
or  the  abdomen  may  be  a  little  paler  or  more  obscure  than  the  rest  of  the 
body.  The  wings  are  pretty  slender,  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad. 
The  postcostal  vein  is  moderately  thick,  uniform,  and  running  without 
break  into  the  very  long  fusiform  stigma ;  it  is  separated  by  a  moderately 
widt  "<1  regularly  decreasing  space  from  the  costal  margin.  The  first 
ol)li(|Ue  vein  is  sti'aight  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  fully 
sixty  degrees :  the  second  i>bli(|ue  is  .straight  in  its  basal  half,  arcuate  or 
sinuate  bevoiid,  parting  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  forty-five 
degrees  at  ;i  mmierate  distance  from  the  first  ol)liqne  vein,  the  first  discoidal 
cell  between  tlm-in  heiii"-  about  t  tin-  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as 
at  the  l)a.se.  Cal)ital  ^.'\n  arising  farther,  generally  abuuit  half  as  far  again, 
sometimes  ahnnst  twire  as  far,  from  the  second  oblicpie  as  that  from  the 
fii'st  obliqii*'  v  MM.  ver\  longitudinal  in  course,  first  forking  at  about  two- 
firttiis  tlie  distaiit-e  r»»  the  hind  mar<;in  and  ajjain  at  about  half-wav  between 
the  first  forking  and  the  tip  of  the  wing,  mnning  about  twice  as  near  the 
stigmatic  as  the  second  oblique  vein.     Stigiua*ic  vein  arising  nearer  the  first 


256 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tliiiii  the  second  fork  of  the  cubital,  sometimes  to  a  considerable  dejjree 
arcuate  at  base  but  beyond  horizontal,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  both 
long  and  slender,  from  a  third  to  two-fifths  the  length  of  the  wing.  Hind 
legs  about  as  long  as  the  antenniu. 

Length  of  body,  4""";  fore  wing,  5-6"'"';  breadth  of  same,  l.r)-2"""; 
length  of  aiiteiuue,  .')..')""" ;  legs  of  one  individual  as  follows :  fore  femora 
1.5"'"';  fore  tibijv  and  tarsi,  2.25'"'"  ;  middle  femora,  1.25'""';  middle  tibia; 
and  tarsi,  2.15""":  hind  femora,  2.  25""";  hind  tibijv  and  tarsi,  .'}""". 

Florissant.  Fifteen  .specimens,  Nos.  1()7!>,  133!),  18fi7,  2390,  2881, 
3029,  5747,  7!»34,  SS,Si>,  !»574,  10205,  11562,  13562,  144.50,  and,  from  the 
Princeton  CoHection.  1.986.  Besides  tlie.se,  Nos.  1703,  3284,  and  5491  from 
Florissant,  should  probably  be  referred  here. 

2.  Siphonophokoides  kafinesqiiei. 

The  greater  part  of  the  creature,  t'xcej^ting  the  abdomen,  is  preserved 
m  the  single  specimen  obtained.  Th-e  antenna;  are  nearly  as  long  as  the 
hind  legs  and  consi(lorabl\  longer  than  the  wings.  The  wings  are  very 
.slender,  fullv  four  tinu's  longer  than  broad.  The  postcostal  except  at  base 
is  striiight,  .slender,  and  runs  uninterruptedly  into  the  exceptionally  slender 
fusiform  stigma.  The  tirst  t)bli<}Upf-  vein  is  strai^rht,  or  slightly  arcuate,  and 
parts  from  the  postco.stal  at  an  amgle  M'  nearly  sixty  degrees  ;  the  second 
oblique  vein  is  also  straight  or  sligriitly  arcuate,  is  moderately  distant  at  base 
from  the  finst  oblicpie,  an(i  parts  from  the  })ostco*R,al  at  an  angle  of  forty-live 
degrees,  so  that  tlie  first  disi^oidal  (^ell  is  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  the  base.  The  cirliitai  vein  arines  mopv  tiian  twice  as  far  from 
the  second  obUrpie  vein  a.«  that  is  fnmi  the  first  and  oulv  a  little  less  than 
half-way  from  tiie  first  obli(jue  to  the  stigm  itic  ^•»'in,  forks  about  two-fifths 
way  to  the  iiind  margin,  and  witli  its  iirst  fork  mns  completcdy  parallel  to 
and  distara  from  tUe  second  ohli(|iie  vein  :  it  is  bent  at  its  fork  and  there- 
after ruiw  longitudiiiallv,  forking  again  about  half-wav  to  the  tip  and  run- 
ning cl»»He  t.o  tile  sti<;;nurtic  vein.  Tliis  la«t  arises  very  much  nearer  the 
first  than  ti*e  seroml  mhital  fork,  and  except  at  base  is  but  little  arcuate 
and  verv  longitiHUiial,  so  that  tlie  stigmatic  cell  is  exceptionally  slender 
and  nearlv  half  as  l*>ng  as  the  wing.      Legs  very  slender. 


LenLftli   of  fore   \vin<r,   5.25" 


breadth   of  same,    1.25" 


lenirth  of 


antenna;,  0.'.""";  of  hind  femora,  2.5'"'":   hind  tibia-  and  tarsi,  3.75" 


il 


IlEMII'TEKA— nOMOl'TKHA— Al'IIIDKS. 


257 


The  eccentric  Coiistmitine  Kafinesciue-Sclnimlz  made  the  tii'st  attempt 
to  classify  American  Aphides. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1(507. 

3.  8n^noNopHOKOii>Ks  propinqua. 

Tho  sinjfle  specimen  on  wliich  this  species  is  based  is  not  so  well  pre- 
served us  the  last.  The  antennjc  are  broken  in  the  middle,  but  were  appar- 
(;ntly  of  a  similar  lenj^th.  Tho  wings  are  slender,  fully  three  times  lon{jer 
than  Itroad.  The  postcostal  is  very  l)roacl,  straight,  and  uninterrupted. 
The  tirst  obliipie  vein  is  straight,  and  parts  from  tho  postcostal  at  an  angle 
of  about  fifty  degrees;  tlie  second  is  straight  at  base,  beyond  considerably 
arcuate,  se[)arated  by  a  narrow  distance  from  the  first,  and  placed  at  an 
angle  o^  scarcely  forty  degrees  witli  the  postcostal,  so  that  the  first  discoidal 
cell  between  them  is  very  long  and  slender,  and  is  about  four  times  as  broad 
on  the  liind  marmn  as  at  the  ba.se.  The  cubital  vein  ari.ses  nearly  twice  as 
far  from  the  second  ol>lif)ue  as  that  from  tlie  first,  forks  at  rather  less  than 
one-third  way  to  the  hind  margin,  aiul  is  vei-y  arcuate  in  course,  so  that 
though  its  first  fork  approaches  exceptional!}'  near  the  second  obli(pie  vein, 
the  main  stem  reaches  only  twice  the  distance  from  the  stigmatic  vein. 
This  hist  vein  arises  opposite  a  point  on  tiie  cubital  vein  one-third  way 
from  the  first  to  the  second  fork,  and,  strongly  arcuate,  passes  at  once  tar 
into  the  wing,  and  then  becomes  longitudinal,  the  stigmatic  cell  being 
pretty  large  and  long,  about  t.vo-fifths  the  length  of  the  wing.  Legs  very 
slender. 

Length  of  fore  wing,  5.5""";  breadth  of  same,  1.5""";  length  ot  fore 
femora,  1.75"'"" ;  fore  tibiie  and  tarsi,  2.5""" ;  hind  femora.  •2.25"'"' ;  hind 
tibi;e  and  tarsi,  4.2""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Xo.  ;J738. 

7.    LlTllAl'lllS  gen.  nov.  (A/^(jf,  Aphis.) 

Head  rather  small  with  short  frontal  tubercles  on  which  the  antennje 
are  seated  in  close  proximity.  Tho  first  two  joints  of  the  latter  as  in 
Siphonophoroides,  the  remainder  ;dso  as  there,  but  if  anything  even  longer. 
Fore  win<if  with  the  sti'nnatic  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of  the  stigma. 
Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  ver\  far  from  its  origin  (which  is 
about  a  third  way  fnnn  the  base  of  the  first  obli(pio  to  the  .stigmatic  vein) 

VOL    Mil 17 


258 


TERTIARY  INSK0T8  OF  NOUTU  AMEHIUA. 


and  about  opposite  tlio  base  of  the  stijirmatic  vein,  the  second  time  apparently 
about  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  Second  oblique  vein  arising-  .sliju^htlv 
nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein,  at  rather  more  than  half  a  ri;rht 
angle  with  the  postcostal:  first  obliijue  vein  parting  nnu;h  more  widely,  about 
eighty  degrees,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them,  very  narrow  at 
base,  is  six  or  more  times  wider  there  than  on  the  hind  marifin.  Lej>s 
moderately  slender,  the  hind  femora  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  vhich  is  no 
broader  than  the  thorax,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  rounded. 
A  single  species  is  known, 

LlTHAI'HIS    DIKUTA. 

The  body  appears  to  have  been  pretty  uniformly  colored.  The  pro- 
portions of  the  wings  can  not  be  determined,  but  the  insect  was  one  of  the 
smaller  species.  The  postcostal  is  parallel  witli  the  costa,  moderately  slen- 
der, especially  just  befoio  the  long  and  tapering  stigma.  The  first  oblique 
vein  is  very  transvers^s  parting  at  an  angle  of  about  eighty  degrees  witii 
the  postcoital,  and  straiglit ;  tiie  second  oldicjue  vein,  arising  rather  close  to 
the  first,  is  slightly  arcuate  and  parts  from  tlie  j)ostcostal  at  an  angle  of  forty- 
five  degrees,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  many  times  broader  on  the  hind 
niarsrin  than  at  the  base.  The  cubital  vein  arises  less  than  twice  as  far  be- 
voiid  the  second  obli(jue  vein  as  that  beyond  thefu'st,  is  rather  straight  and 
stiff",  first  forks  at  less  than  a  third  way  to  the  hind  margin  and  again  about 
half-way  to  the  tip,  approaching  the  stigmatic  rather  than  the  second  oblique 
vein.  Tlie  stiguiatic  vein  ari.sos  scarcely  beyond  the  first  furcation  of  the 
cubital,  and,  strongly  arcuate  at  first,  reaches  widely  into  the  wing,  the  stig- 
nuitic  cell  being  large  and  long. 

Length  of  body,  .".""";  antenna',  r).a"""  ;   wing  (probable),  4.a"'"'. 

Florissant.  Tliree  specimens,  Nos.  378.5,  12112,  1247^.  A  specimen 
from  (ireen  River,  No.  82,  Prof  L.  A.  Lee,  may  perhaps  belong  here. 

S.  TEPHRArniS  gen.  nov.  {Tf,ppm,>,  Aphis). 

Siphonoiihorniden  {pan)  Hlicktoii,  Mniiosf.  Urit.  Apliiilcs,  IV,  I7(i  (ISs:)). 

Head  apparently  nuu;h  as  in  Lithaphis,  but  the  front  tuberc-les  iire 
luicertain.  Antenn.-v  constructed  basally  as  there,  separated  at  base  by 
their  own  width,  much  longer  than  the*  fore  wing.  Fore  wing  with  tli<- 
.stigmatic  vein  arising  rather  l)efore  the  middle  of  the  unusually  broad 


UEMIPTEUA—IIOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 


259 


stijyniii.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  very  near  to  its  origin 
(which  is  about  two-thirds  the  distance  from  the  first  oblique  to  the  stig- 
matic  vein),  and  about  opposite  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  the  second 
time  at  varyinj^  distances  from  the  first.  Second  oblique  vein  a  little  nearer 
the  first  obrupie  than  the  stigmatic  vein,  unusually  transverse,  the  first 
scarcely  more  longitudinal,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them, 
broad  at  base,  is  not  more  than  twice  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin.  Legs 
slender,  the  hind  femora  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  rest  of  the  leg 
about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  short  oval,  well 
rounded  apically,  no  broader  than  the  thorax.     Both  species  are  very  small. 

Tabic  of  the  s/iecic/i  of  !  phrajihiii. 

■''irst  (liHcoidal  coll  only  liulf  uh  hroail  a<;aiti  ou  the  liiml  iimrgiu  as  at  bust),  the  Arst  aufi  Hecuiid  oblique 
voiimvery  nearly  parallel t.  T.  simplex. 

First  discoidal  cell  twice  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  base,  the  first  and  second  oblique  veins 
distinctly  divergent 2.  T.  walihii. 

1.  Tephraphis  simplex. 

PI.  18,  Fig.  4. 
Siphoiiophoroides  timplex  nncktou,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  176-177,  PI.  133,  Fig.  2  (1883). 

This  is  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Florissant  species.  The  antennae, 
twice  as  long  as  the  body,  taper  to  a  slender  thread,  scarcely  visible  on  the 
stone.  The  body  has  the  abdomen  very  pale  and  indistinct,  but  the  rest 
much  darker,  and  the  legs  are  uniformly  dark.  The  wings  are  slender,  at 
least  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  postcostal  vein  is  very  heavy  and 
straight  and  the  stigma,  hardly  broader,  is  very  long.  The  first  oblique 
vein  is  straight  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  fifty-five 
degrees ;  the  second  oblique  is  very  distant  from  the  first,  parts  from  the 
postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  fifty  degrees,  and,  at  first  straight  and  there- 
fore almost  parallel  to  the  first  oblique  vein,  is  afterwards  a  little  arcuate, 
so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  about  half  as  broad  again  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  its  base.  The  cubital  ^eln,  a  little  farther  removed  from  the 
second  oljlicpie  vein  than  the  latter  is  from  the  first,  runs  with  its  first  fork 
in  a  straight  course,  parallel  to  the  second  oblique  vein,  forks  at  one-fourth 
the  distance  from  the  base,  and  is  considerably  angulated,  running  after- 
wards cimipletely  parallel  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  and  forking  again  about 
half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  Stigmatic  vein  arising  closely  subsequent 
to  the   first  forking  of  the  cubital   vein,   parting   abruptly  and  curving 


260 


TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


strongly,  passing  a  variable  distance  into  the  Ijody  of  tlie  wing,  and  then 
running  longitudinally;  it  nowhere  approaches  closely  the  cubital  vein,  and 
the  stigmatjc  cell  is  at  the  most  scarcely  one-third  the  length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  2.4™™ ;  antenntp,  4.T.^™'" ;  wings,  3.5-4™™ ;  fore  fem- 
ora, 1™™;  fore  tibia-  and  tarsi,  1.2f)™™  ;  middle  tili?'  aiui  tarsi,  1.6™™;  hind 
femora,  1.2™™;  hind  tibia'  and  tarsi,  2™™. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  r)19,  670»,  2153. 

2.    TePHRAPHIS   WAL8UII. 
PI.  iS,  Fig.  19, 

Little  is  preserved  buttheovcrlappingfore  wings  and  these  imperfectly. 
They  show  the  insect  to  have  been  very  small  with  slender  wings,  probably 
just  about  three  times  as  long  as  bro>id.  The  tii'st  oblique  vein  is  straight, 
and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees;  the  second  is  also 
straight  and  parts  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees,  and  the  distance  between  the 
two  being  great,  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  wide,  but  on  the  hind  margin  twice 
as  wide  as  at  base.  The  cubital  vein  arises  only  a  little  farther  from  the 
second  oblique  vein  than  it  is  from  the  first,  luid  at  about  two-thirds  the  dis- 
tance from  the  first  oblique  to  the  stigmatic  vein  ;  with  its  first  branch  it  is 
completely  parallel  to  the  second  oblique  vein  and  straight,  forking  first  at 
about  one-third  of  the  distance  to  the  hind  margin ;  it  is  not  abruptly  bent 
at  this  fork,  but  curves  rather  rapidly  to  gain  a  longitudinal  course,  and  forks 
again  a  little  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  stigmatic  vein 
arises  scarcely  beyond  the  first  fork  of  the  cubital  and  curves  rapidly  to  a 
longitudinal  course,  but  the  relative  length  of  the  slender  stigmatic  cell  can 
hardly  be  determined. 

Length  of  specimen,  4.25™™  ;  probable  length  of  wing,  3.5"". 

The  late  Benjamin  D.  Walsh  was  one  of  the  first  students  of  our 
Aphides. 

Florissant.  One  specimen.  No.  8085,  lying  entangled  with  Ptero- 
stigma  recurvum. 

9.  APHIDOPSIS  gen.  nov.  (Aphis,  niPi?). 

Head  provided  with  short,  broad,  and  uniform  frontal  tubercles,  between 
which,  a  space  more  than  equaling  the  breadth  of  the  antennae,  the  front 
is  rounded  and  slightly  advanced.  First  joint  of  jintenna'  distinctly  nar- 
rower than  the  frontal  tubercles,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  scarcely  narrow- 


' 


UEMIPTERA-IIOMOPTEBA— APHIDES. 


261 


ing  apically,  the  second  much  smaller,  subconical,  the  remainder  very 
slender,  filiform,  much  longer  than  the  fore  wings,  tlie  third  joint  alone  as 
long  ns  the  whole  body.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  more  than 
usually  longitudinal,  arising  from  before  the  middle  of  the  very  narrow  and 
elongated  stigmn,  so  that  the  very  narrow  stigmatic  cell  is  more  than  a 
tiiird  as  long  as  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  far  from 
its  origin  (a  third  or  halfway  to  the  extremity  of  the  first  branch),  which  is 
usiudly  flbout  midway  between  the  first  oblique  and  cubital  veins,  but 
varies  to  some  extent,  and  in  any  case  oidy  a  little  before  tiie  origin  of  the 
stigmatic  vein,  the  second  time  not  far  from  half-way  from  the  first  forking 
to  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Second  oblique  vein  arising  nearer  the  first  oblique 
than  the  stigmatic  vein,  sometimes  only  to  a  slight  extent,  sometimes 
twice  as  near  it,  generally  very  straight,  the  first  oblique  at  such  an 
angle  with  it  thsit  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them,  pretty  wide  at 
base,  is  from  three  to  six  times  as  wide  on  the  hind  margin  of  the 
wing.  Legs  very  slender,  the  hind  femora  fully  reaching  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  the  rest  of  the  hind  legs  only  a  little  shorter  than  the  fore  wings. 
Abdomen  rounded  ovate,  somewhat  broader  than  the  thorax,  fullest  behind, 
with  an  extremely  short  and  rather  stout  cauda,  and  very  short  and  remark- 
ably stout  conical  cornicles. 

Table  of  the  iipecie»  of  Aphidopsii. 

Fore  wiiifjg  more  than  throe  luillhneterB  lonK. 
Ciibitiil  vein  arcuate  thruu^hont. 

First  cnbital  brani'h  iniiuh  nearer  to  the  secoml  culiital  branch  than  to  the  second  oblique  yein. 
Cubital  vein  approaching  the  stigmatic  vein  /ery  closely  ;  fore  lugs  longer  than  middle 

legs 1.  A.  stxbtmia. 

Cnbital  vein  not  approaching  the  stigmatic  vein  very  closely;  fore  legs  shorter  than  mid- 
dle logs ii.  A.  hargeri. 

First  cnbital  branch  e(|nidtstant  from  second  cubital  branch  and  second  oblique  vein. 

3.  A.  Itttaria. 
Cubital  vein  angularly  bent  at  furcations. 

Kxpanse  of  wiugs  nine  millimetorsor  less ;  flrst  discoidal  coll  normally  divergent. 

i.  A.  margarum. 
Kxpanse  of  wings  eleven  millimeters  or  more ;  first  discoidal  cell  not  very  divergent. 

5.  A.  dalli. 
Fore  wings  less  than  three  millimeters  long 6.  A.  emaciata. 

1.  Aphidop.sis  SUBTERNA. 

Head  and  thorax  testaceous,  slightly  mottled  with  pallid.  Antenna;  as 
long  as  the  fore  wings.  Wings  slightly  less  than  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  the  postcostal  moderately  light,  rurming  uninterruptedly  into  the 
very  slender  elongated  stigma.     First  transverse  vein  very  slender,  nearly 


262 


TKIITIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTll  AMKUICA. 


straight,  but  Hli;r]itly  arcuate,  parting  from  tin*  poHtcostnl  at  nn  aiiglo  of  at 
least  fifty  degrees ;  second  obli(|uo  vein  hardly  heavictr,  very  feebly  arcuate, 
and  parting  from  the  postcctstal  at  an  angh'  of  forty-fivo  degrees ;  it  is 
moderately  distant  at  bane  from  tlu*  first  oltli(|ii('  vein,  so  tliat  the  lirst  (li?»- 
coidal  cell  between  them  is  only  about  four  times  broader  on  the  hind  mar- 
gin than  at  the  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  half  as  far  again  from  the  second 
oblique  as  it  from  tlie  first  oblitpie  viin  and  only  al)out  one-third  way  from 
the  latter  to  the  stignuitie  vein ;  it  forks  about  on»}-third  way  to  the  hind 
margin,  and  its  first  fork  is  completely  parallel  to  and  sumnwhat  distant 
from  the  second  obli(pie  vein;  near  its  second  fork  it  approaches  twice  as 
near  the  stigmatic  vein  as  the  second  obli(pie  vein.  Sligmatic  vein  nol  leach- 
ing  far  into  the  wing,  arising  from  a  (piartcr  to  a  third  the  distance  from  the 
first  to  the  second  furcation  of  the  cubital  vein,  so  tliat  the  stigmatic  cell  is 
slender  and  about  two-fifths  the  length  of  the  wing.  I'Y'inora  ])ale,  tibia*  and 
tarsi  dark.  Abdomen  plump  oval,  of  a  pale  (  r,  mottled  with  large, 
roundish,  dark  spots  arranged  in  mediodorsiil  jind  lateral  rows  on  the 
posterior  portion  of  the  segments  ;  there  are  faint  indications  of  a  slender, 
slight,  and  rather  short  cauda,  and  distinct  marks  of  cornicles  in  conical 
hillocks  at  the  extreme  outer  sides  of  the  here  aiigulated  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  3.75""";  .intiMuia-,  ")"'"':  tore  wings,  h"""  \  fore  fen lorn. 
1.3""";  fore  tibia' and  tarsi,  2.r»""" ;  middle  fenu.ia,  1.1"'"';  middle  tibia- and 
tarsi,  2.4"'"' ;   hind  femora,  2 ""' ;  hind  tibia-  and  tarsi.  3.3'""'. 

Flori.ssant.     Six  specimens,  Nos,  21!t,  7K>,  l.'ittT,  -Jl.',!,  7420,  SSSG. 

2.    Ai'MIDDPSIS    nAKiiKlM. 

The  single  specimen  which  represents  this  species  is  pr(-.served  upon  n 
side  view,  with  the  wings  somewhat  crumpled.  Knough,  liowever,  can  be 
seen  to  distingui.sh  it  from  the  jjreceding  species  in  that  the  cubital  vein  runs 
at  the  ordinary  distance  from  the  stigmatic.  tlioiigh  still  distant  from  the 
second  obli(;uo  vein,  and  though  the  stigmatic  vein  descends  as  <leeply 
into  the  wing  as  in  A.  sul)terna.  The  origin  of  all  the  veins  is  the  .same, 
but  the  second  oblique  is  more  arcuate  and  its  arcuation  confined  mostly  to 
the  apical  half.  Hut  the  principal  difference  is  found  in  the  relative  length 
of  the  legs,  which  though  stouter  are  also  longer  and  have  the  middle  pair 
slightly  longer  than  the  fore  pair,  instead  of  the  rev(-r.se.  The  legs  are 
remarkably  preserved  and  show  the  singh-  jointed  tarsus  and  claws  with 
great  distinctness,  showing  them  to  be  constructed  much  as  in  ( 'allipterus. 


IIKMnTKUA-llOMOI'TERA— APMIDES. 


263 


Lenifth  of  body,  3.r>""";  wiiij^H  (partly  (wtimiitiwh.   1.75""";  foro  legs, 

4.1"'"';  t'oiuur,    1.4')""";  tibiii,  2:2')""";  tiir«UH,  0.4'"'";  inid.lU'   Ioj^h,   iM""" ; 

femur,  1.75""";  tibia,  2.1""";  tiir.-*UH,  0.4""";  hind  loji^H,  (J  T)"'"' ;  femur,  2'"'"; 
tibia,  4""" ;  far«UH,  0.6'"'". 

To  tlic  iiKMiiory  of  tho  t'aithful  paleontologist,  Dr.  Oscar  Harger,  of 
New  Haven. 

Florissant.     Onespecimon,  No.  11360. 


8.  Aphiuophis  lutabia. 

Head  and  thorax  rather  darker  than  the  abdoin(  n,  tho  femora  rather 
lighter  than  the  tibiiu.  Antonuiii  a  little  louyor  than  tho  for©  wings.  Wiujis 
fidly  three  times  longer  than  broad,  tho  postcostal  vein  stout  and  running 
with  searcely  any  diminution  of  size  into  tho  long  and  very  slender  stigma. 
Fir.Ht  oblicjiio  vein  strai;j;ht  or  scarcely  arcuate,  parting  from  the  posteo.stal  at 
an  angle  of  lifty  degrees ;  second  oblique  vein  regularly  arcuate,  parting 
from  tho  postcostal  vein  at  an  angle  of  forty-fivo  degrees,  and  moderately 
distant  from  tho  first  oblicpio  at  base,  so  that  tho  first  discoidal  cell  between 
them  is  about  three  or  four  times  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than  at  the 
base.  The  cubital  vein  is  appiirently  about  as  far  from  the  second  obli(|ue 
veiri  as  it  from  tho  first  obli(jUo,  first  forks  at  about  one-third  way  to  the 
hind  margin,  and  has  throughdut  a  gently  arcuate  curve  by  which  it 
ap|)roaches  pretty  close  to  tho  stignjatic  vein.  This  arises  far  back  in  the 
stigma,  almost  reaching  the  first  cubital  fork,  is  gently  arcuate  and  has  a 
very  longitudinal  course,  so  that  tho  stigmatic  cell  is  both  slender  and  very 
long,  not  much  less  than  half  as  long  as  tho  wing.  Legs  very  slender 
indeed,  the  fore  psiir  nearly  as  long  as  the  wings  and  longer  than  tho 
middle  pair,  the  hind  tibia-  and  tarsi  longer  than  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  S.o-.'J.S"'"' ;  antennas  .O.?;")'"'"  ;  fore  wings,  5.25""" ;  fore 
legs,  4.8""";  femur,  1.8"'"' ;  tibia,  2.6'""' ;  tarsus,  0.4""" ;  middle  logs,  4.25""* ; 
femur,  1.6"'" ;  tibia,  2.25""'";  tarsus,  0.4'"'";  hind  legs,  6.6'"'";  femur,  2.6"'"; 
tibia  and  tai'sus,  4'""'. 

Florlssiiiit.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  7433, 8773,  and  fr*^  the  Princeton 
Collection,  1.834. 


i 


I '  I 


264 


TKKTIAKY  INHKiri'M  OK  NOUTIl  AMKHICA. 


■I.    Al'lilDOI-HIS    MAIUUKUM. 
\'\.  IS.  Fitf.  S. 

Tliirt  rtiiiull  and  hIcmuIci'  rtpi'cios  is  vory  dark,  alimiHt  lilitck  nx  preHorvod, 
nnd  pn^tty  uniform.  Tin;  aiitounii'  so  tar  an  pruscrvud  aro  cx»'t'H«ivoly 
rtleiulor  and  rather  shorter  than  tlie  wlnjjfs,  NV^in^rs  about  throe  times  as 
long  as  broad,  the  [lostcostal  vein  heavy,  uniform,  and  straij^iit,  mergiii;;' 
into  the  stigma,  which  is  twice  as  broad,  l)Ut  very  Kmy  and  sh'ixh'rly  fusi- 
foruj  The  first  oi)li(pie  vein  is  perfectly  straight  and  j»arts  from  the  post- 
costal  at  an  angle  of  fidly  sevonty-fivo  degrees;  the  second  ol)li((ue  vein, 
also  perfectly  straigiit  and  ratiier  distant  from  the  first,  parts  from  the  post- 
costal  at  an  angle  of  forty-live  degrees,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is 
about  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base,  t  'ubital 
vein  very  stiff  and  angidar,  it  and  both  its  branches  being  rigidly  straight; 
at  each  finration  it  is  bent,  forking  first  at  ratlier  more  than  a  third  wa\  to 
tli(*  hind  margin  and  again  alxMit  half-way  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,  not 
nppntaching  closely  to  the  stiy:mati('.  vein;  tho  vein  originates  at  more  than 
half-way  from  tho  first  oblicpio  vein  to  tho  stigmatlc.  The  stigmatic  vein 
arises  fur  back,  about  midway  between  tho  forks  of  the  cubital,  and  is  vory 
longitudinal,  so  that  the  stigniatic  coll  is  narrow,  and  exceeds  ii  third  tho 
length  of  the  wing.     Legs  verv  slender. 


Length  nf  i),Kly,  21)- 


antcniia',  .'i.4" 


win-rs,   ;j.75-4" 


mi( 


Idh 


log 


L'S. 


•211 


rh»rissant.     Three  specimens.  N«»s.  [yAHi),  121!M).  \-2(>h: 


5.  Ariimopsis  halli. 

The  head  and  th(»ra\  darkei'  than  tiie  tolerably  uniform  alxlomen. 
Antenna'  at  least  half  as  long  again  as  the  l>ody.  Wings  apparently  about 
throe  times  as  long  a.s  broad,  the  postcostal  slender,  tho  stigma  pretty  largo 
and  very  long.  First  obliipio  vein  straight,  or  nearly  straight,  parting  from 
the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  lifty-fivo  degrees  ;  second  obli4ue  rather 
distant  from  it.  parting  at  an  angle  of  fort3'five  degrees,  and  likewise  nearly 
straight,  so  that  the  fir.st  di.scoidal  cell  between  theni  is  little  more  than  twice 
as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  more  than 
twice  as  far  from  tho  second  oblirpio  vein  as  that  from  the  first,  and  about 
midway  between  the  latter  and  tiio  stigmatic  vein,  first  forking  when  hardly 


lIKMirrKltA— IIOMOl'TKKA— AI'HIDKS. 


2B5 


loNH  timti  half-wiiy  to  tlit*  hind  miir);iii,  bunt  at  t\w  tiiKt  furcation,  und  jmrtmnjf 
oxcoodin^ly  cIoho  to  tlio  Htif(iniiti(;  vein,  th«  iipiKfi'  hranch  of  tlio  final  fork 
in  diruct  contiiiiiution  of  tliu  main  ntviu.  Sti^;niatic.  vuin  ariHin<r  at  about 
one-third  tUa  distance  from  tlie  first  to  the  Hoeond  furcation  of  the  cubital 
vein,  very  lonj>itiidiinil,  so  tiiat  the  stij^fniatic  cell  is  ratlier  slender  and  very 
Ion;,',  fidly  two-fifths  the  len;;th  of  the  \vinj(.  I^e^^s  slender,  the  femora  tol- 
erably stitut,  the  fori!  and  nnddle  le^s  of  e<[nal  length  in  all  parts. 

I-ongth  of  body,  ;J.6""" ;  antenme,  f!.5""|' ;  winjfs,  6""" ;  fore  leg«,  .'1.9"""; 

femora,  14' ;  tibijo  and  tarsi,  2.')""";   niichlle  lejfs,  .'{.!»"'"' ;  femora,  1.4""'; 

tibia-  and  tarsi,  2.5""" ;  hind  le;,'H,  T).]""" ;  femora,  2.25""" ;  tlbiiu  and  tarsi, 
2.S,5""".  An<»tiier  Hi>(!cimen  had  a  l)ody  4. 75"""  lon<(,  with  winjfs  nearly 
«i.5"""  and  hind  femora  2.5 lon^'. 

In  honor  of  Mr.  William  llealy  l>all,  the  malacolojfiHt,  well  known 
also  for  his  studies  of  fossil  invertebrates. 

FlorisHant.  Two  Bpecimons,  Mos.  !)l.'i5,  and  from  the  Princeton  Collec- 
tion l.lOitl. 

G.    Al'MiUOFSlS    KM.VCIATA. 

This  diminutive  species  is  represented  by  a  single  spocinien  with 
spread  wings,  without  antennm  or  legs.  It  lias  an  expanse  of  only  six  mil- 
limeters or  less.  The  head  and  thorax  are  uniforndy  dark,  the  abdomen 
uniformly  light  colored.  The  wings  are  as  long  as  the  body  and  mure 
than  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  po.stco.stal  vein  is  broad,  but  not 
darkly  jjigmented,  as  usual,  and  the;  stigma  large  and  distinct.  First  oblique 
vein  straight,  parting  from  the  postcsostal  at  an  angle  of  about  seventy-fiv(f 
degrees;  the  second  oblicpie  also  straight,  parting  at  an  angle  of  about 
forty-five  degrees,  but  though  the  wing  is  slender,  the  discoidal  cell,  narrow 
at  base,  is  several  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  base.  Cubital 
vein  arising  about  midway  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins, 
and  twice  as  far  from  the  .second  obli(pie  vein  as  this  from  the  first;  it 
first  forks  at  some  distance  from  the  base,  and  is  strongly  arcuate,  approach- 
ing much  nearer  the  stigmatic  than  the  second  oblique  vein.  Stigmatic 
vein  arising  very  far  back,  almost  to  the  first  furcation  of  the  cubital  vein, 
and,  reaching  down  far  into  the  wing  at  the  start,  it  gives  a  very  large 
stigmatic  cell,  almost  half  as  long  as  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  2.5""" ;  fore  wings,  2.5""". 

Florissant.  One  specimen,  No.  6405.  It  comes  from  the  uppermost 
layers. 


11 


i 


26G 


TKRTIAKV  INSKOTS  OV  NOUTM  AMKKlCA. 


Aphidopsis  sp. 
PI,  18,  Fip.  11. 

A  single  sp  cinien  and  its  reverse  is  the  only  instance  of  an  immature 
plant-louse  among  the  numerous  remains  of  this  family  at  Floris:jant.  This 
is  excellently  pr"served,  and  agrees  so  well  in  the  structure  of  the  anteiiUsc 
and  legs  and  in  the  form  of  the  abd.'men  with  the  species  of  Aphidopsis, 
a  prevailing  type  among  the  Florissant  forms,  tliat  [  ventun^to  place  it  here; 
the  more  so  as  in  the  markings  of  the  al)(k*men,  well  repi'esented  on  the 
jdate,  it  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  A.  subterna,  the  most  i'ounnon 
sjiecits  of  Aphidopsis.  Short  conical  markings  on  the  outer  sides  of  the  fifth 
visible  abdominal  segment  evidently  mark  the  position  of  former  cornicles. 

Length  of  body,  4""";  antenna-,  4""";  fore  legs,  3.7""";  fenuu-,  1.6"""; 
tibia  and  tarsus,  IM""";  middle  legs,  4"'"';  fenuir,  1. .'{""" ;  tibia  and  tar.sus, 
2.7""":  himl  leg.s,  3.5  .'""" :   fenuu-,  1.25?""";  tibia  and  tarsus,  2.25'""'. 

Florissant.     One  s|)ecim<'n,  Nos.  1044  and  4271. 

10.  Oin'(;TAl*niS  gen.   nov.   (ripjvrro?,  Apiiis). 

Fore  winjrs  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the  nuddle  of  the  exceed- 
ingly  long  ami  fusiform  but  moderately  broad  stigma.  Cubital  vein  (by 
analogy  with  the  others)  twice  tVrked,  the  first  tinu»  very  far  from  its  origin 
(which  is  iicaily  midway  bctwiH'u  the  base  of  the  first  oblicpie  and  stigmatic 
veins)  and  ratlicr  I)efore  than  behind  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  (the 
]date  is  wrong  in  this  respect),  the  second  tim<^  uncertain,  as  theonly  speci- 
mens are  not  well  prescrvetl  here.  Second  i»bli(pi<*  vein  arising  many  times 
nearer  the  first  oblicpu'  tlian  the  tubital  vein,  .so  that  the  first  discoulal  cell 
narrow  at  base  is  several  times  wider  on  the  hiiul  margin.  Legs  moderately 
slender.     .Mxlomen,  as  far  as  can  be  seen,  relatively  long  and  sleiuler. 

Tablf  uf  thr  piiiiH  of  (hijilafhin. 
Oblique  vein  scarcely  diver^rciit  in  \y,\sn\  liilf.  at'ti'rnanl.'t  (lisliiirlly  ilivcrf;i'iit  . ..  . 


()lilir|ii<'  veins  iiHiliviT^fcnt  in  liasal  its  i 


1|M 


I.  ".  rccoiidita. 

il  half .'i.  O.  lesuenrii. 


I.    <  >KVC'TAPniS    KKCONDITA. 
PI.  IS,  Fig.  14. 

Head  and  thorax  black,  abdomen  very  light.  Wings  apparently  rather 
ii'jre  than  three  tinu's  .is  long  as  broad,  the  po.stcostal  stout,  and  the  stigma 
very  elongated.  First  oblique  vein  straight  and  jiartingfrom  the  postcostal 
at  an  anifie  of  fortv-five   degrees;  so  al.so  does  the  second  oljliciue  vein, 


IIEM1I'TK!IA— HOMOPTliKA— Al'lJIDKS. 


267 


which  arises  in  close  prdximity  atid  scarcely  divei'ges  from  the  other  in 
the  iirst  third  of  its  course  and  tlioii  bends  outward,  so  that  the  first  dis- 
coidal  cell  must  lie  three  or  four  times  hroader  on  the  liind  margin  than  at 
the  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  four  times  as  far  from  the  second  oblique 
vein  as  it  is  from  the  first,  and  yet  not  (juite  half-way  from  the  first  oblique 
to  the  stigmatic  vein :  it  first  forks  only  a  little  less  than  half-way  to  the 
hind  margin,  and  no  second  furcation  can  be  seen,  as  the  wing  is  broken. 
The  stigmatic  vein  arises  opposite  the  first  furcation  of  the  cubital  vein  and 
curves  well  down  into  the  wiiig,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  large,  but  its 
relative  length  can  noi  '•"  determined. 

Length  of  l)ody,  fi.ft""" ;   wing,  6.2;")""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  4475. 


2.  OincTAPUis  L'„s('i.:ui{ii. 

Head  and  thorax  black,  abdomen  ex  eedingly  j)ale.  \Vings  apparently 
about  three  times  longer  than  broad,  tin  postcostal  vein  very  heavy,  angu- 
lated  in  the  slightest  jmssible  manner  i.  'xt  the  oblicjue  veins,  the  stigma 
very  long  and  slender.  The  first  oblique  ein-  parts  from  the  postcostal 
at  an  angle  of  fifty-five  degrees,  and  is  faintly  sinuate;  the  second,  aris- 
ing close  to  it,  is  arcuate  apicalh',  but  otherwise  straight,  and  parts  from 
the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  foity-five  degrees,  so  that  the  discoidal  cell 
between  them  is  about  four  times  as  broad  along  the  hind  border  as  at  the 
base.  Cubital  vein  indistinct  at  base,  but  aijparentl)-  arising  four  times  as 
far  from  the  second  obliijue  vein  as  this  from  the  first,  and  about  nndway 
between  the  first  oblicjue  and  the  stigmatic  vein  ;  it  first  forks  at  almost 
half-wi\y  to  the  hind  border,  and  in  passing  to  that  its  first  fork  gradually 
apjH'oaciies  the  second  obli(iue  vein.  The  stigmatic  vein  apj)ear8  to  arise 
about  half-wiiy  l'et-.\  een  the  tw*)  furcations  of  the  cul>ital  vein,  bui  no  more 
can  be  said  of  it  from  its  imj)erfec(ion  on  both  wings.  The  fore  legs  are 
very  slender. 

Length  of  body,  4.5"""-  wings,  o.;')"'"' :  fore  femora,  1.1""";  fore  tibia; 
and  tarsi,  1.5""". 

In  memory  of  the  early  American  i)aleoutologist,  Charles  Alexandre 
lA'sueur. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  9405. 


i 


if; 


268 


TEKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMKUIOA. 


11.  SYCHNOBROCHUS  ge».  nov.  {avxvo?,  /3p6xo?). 

'  The  fore  wiiij^s  with  the  stigniatic  vein  iirising  from  the  middle  of  the 
stigma  and  very  longitudinal.  Cubital  vein  at  least  once  forked,  far  from 
basse,  and  opposite  the  base  of  the  stigniatic  vein,  arising  nearly  midway 
between  the  first  oblicjue  and  dtigmatic  veins ;  beyond  it  is  too  poorly  pre- 
served in  the  only  specimen  known  to  be  certain  whether  it  forks  again  or 
not.  Second  oblique  vein  aiising  four  times  as  near  the  first  oblique  as  the 
cubital  vein,  at  an  angle  of  less  than  forty-five  degrees  with  the  j)Ostcostal 
vein,  the  first  oblicpie,  which  is  nearly  parallel  to  it,  curving  outward  in  the 
latter  i)art  of  its  course,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them  is  exces- 
sively long  and  arcuate.  Abdon)en  long  and  narrow,  narrower  than  the 
thorax,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  well  rounded  apically. 

SyCHNOBKOCHUS    KEVIVIi^CENS. 
P!.  18,  Fi{,'.  (i. 

One  ol'  tiie  very  smallest  of  the  Aphides,  unfortunately  showing  of  the 
appendages  only  one  wing.  The  head  and  prothora.v  are  light  colored,  but 
darker  than  the  iibdomen.  which  shows  darker  transverse  bands  on  the  pos- 
terior halves  of  the  segments.  The  wings  are  only  slightl)-  longer  than  the 
body(  the  abdomen  b."  g  longer  than  usual),  perhaps  slightly  more  tlian 
three  times  as  long  as  broad,  th<>  slender  postcostal  vein  parallel  throughout 
with  the  costa,  the  interspace  more  or  less  clouded  witli  pigment,  the  stigma 
moderately  brond  and  very  long,  reaching  ncarlv  or  (piite  to  the  extreme 
ti])  of  the  wing.  The  (»bli(|ue  veins  are  both  remarkably  long  and  of  nearly 
c(jual  length,  curving  outward  apically,  and  extending  so  far  that  even  the 
first  terminates  well  in  the  <tuter  half  (>♦"  the  wing;  they  ari.se  close  together, 
the  first  at  an  angle  of  scarcely  metre,  the  second  of  scarcely  less,  than  forty- 
five  tU'grees  with  the  po.stcostal.  and  are  nearly  parallel,  the  discoidal  cell 
being  therefore  aniiiite  and  about  tw<»  or  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  tht  l)ase.  The  cubital  vein  is  faint  aiul  obscure,  apparently 
arising  at  a  little  less  than  half-way  from  the  tirst  oli]i(jue  to  the  stigniatic 
vein,  and  four  or  five  times  farther  fnmi  the  second  oblicpie  than  it  from 
the  first  obli(juc  vein  ;  its  first  forking  eaii  not  be  satisfiictorily  determined, 
but  it  appears  to  be  far  from  the  base  and  a  very  little  in  advance  of  the 
stigmatic  vein  ;  it  has  the  same  sweep  as  the  obliijue  veins.     The  stigniatic 


UEMIPTERA— IJOMOPTEKA— AIMliDBS. 


269 


vein  arises  tolembl}-  eiiily,  and  is  considerably  arcuate  at  base,  afterwards 
longitudinal,  the  stio-matic  cell  being'  nearly  or  quite  a  third  the  length  of 
the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  2.;")""" ;  fore  wing,  2.7.")""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  ;^  14. 

SiibtUmily  SCHIZONKURTN/'E  Pusserini. 
12.  SCHl/ONKlIliOlDKS  Muckton. 

Sehhoiieuroides  Hiiokt.,  Moiiogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  178  (ISSii.) 

Fore  wings  with  the  postcostal  vein  distant  from  the  margin  and  curved 
in  an  opposite  sense.  Stigmatic  vein  arising  very  early,  near  the  proximal 
end  of  the  long  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  fully  two-fifths  the 
length  of  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  once  forked  far  beyond  the  base  of  the 
stigmatic  vein,  and  at  a  long  distance  from  its  own  origin,  which  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic 
veins,  the  second  oblique  vein  arising  twice  as  near  the  first  as  the  cubital 
vein,  but  not  very  near  the  former,  though  somewhat  nearer  than  repre- 
sented on  the  plate,  diverging  from  it  at  a  slight  angle,  so  that  the  first  dis- 
coidal  cell  between  them  is  nearly  or  quite  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  the  base.  Abdomen  long  oval,  no  broader  than  the  thorax, 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  a  little  pointed  apically. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


bCmZONEUROIDES    SCUDDERI. 
PI.  18,  Fig.  2, 

SchUoneuroidet  ncudderi  Biickt.,  Monogr.  liiit.  Apliidea,  IV,  17r<,  PI.  i:t3,  Fig.  5  (1883)  ;  Sciidd.,  Zittel, 
Hiiiidi).  a.  I'lilicont.,  I,  II,  7.-0,  Fi};.  988  (1885). 

The  greater  portion  of  a  body  with  the  wings  of  one  side  represents 
this  small  species.  The  body  is  mottled  and  barred  with  dark  brown.  The 
wing  is  i-epresentetl  on  the  i)late  with  altogether  too  full  a  hind  margin,  for 
the  wing  is  really  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  middle  of 
the  base  of  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  midway  between  the  base  of  the  wing- 
and  the  stigmatic  vein.  T\w  first  oblique  vein  is  straiglit,  and  parts  from 
the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees  ;  the  second  gently  sinuate,  at  an 


I 


270 


TEUTlAltY   INSECTS  OF  NOUTII  AMERICA. 


angle  of  forty-five  tlej^icts  with  the  .saiiic ;  the  (Iiacoi(hil  eell  about  four 
times  as  Itroad  on  the  hind  iiiiir<;iii  mm  at  tlie  ha.se.  The  cubital  vein  forks 
about  at  its  middle  and  tlieii  rather  widolv. 

Length  of  l)ody,  1.8""";  of  fore  wino-,  4""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  ."J  15. 

13.   Al\rALAN( '( )N   f^en.  nov.  (ri/^tnAn?,  nrxtvy). 

Plead  considerably  narrower  than  the  thorax,  tjuiidrate,  with  the  fronr 
friaiifiularly  and  roundly  produced  to  a  considerable  degree;  no  frontal 
tubercles.  Antenna'  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  body,  tapering,  the 
third  joint  relatively  stout,  about  as  long  and  at  base  fully  as  stout  as  the 
foro  tibiiv,  Hie  first  and  second  joiuts  not  one- half  broader.  Hostrum  as  long 
as  the  thorax,  very  slender.  Fore  wings  very  narrow,  with  the  stiginatic 
vein  arising  very  far  back  in  the  long  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is 
nearly  half  as  long  as  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  oiu-e  forked,  far  beyond  the 
base  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  and  a  long  wa\-  from  its  own  origin,  which  is  at 
some  distance  before  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  first  obli(pie  and 
the  stigmatic  veins;  second  oblicpie  vein  arising  somewhat  nearer  the  first 
obMque  than  the  .stigmatic  vein,  diverging  from  the  former  slightly,  so  tha 
the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them  is  oid}'  two  or  three  times  as  broad  on 
the  hind  margin  as  at  the  Inise. 

Tiic  name  is  given  with  reference  to  the  weakness  of  the  cul)ital  vein, 
which  it  shares  with  Anconatu.s. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


I 


Amalanco.s'  ltitosus. 

ri.  18,  Fi^.  l.i. 

The  dark  head  and  tliorax  of  an  insect  are  all  that  remain  of  the  body 
with  a  [)art  of  the  legs  and  nuist  of  one  fore  wing.  The  thickened  post- 
costal  vein  is  very  slightly  sinuous  and  bleiuls  apically  into  the  stigma. 
The  first  oblioKe  vein  is  straight  and  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees  with  the 
|)Ostcosfal ;  i he  second  also  straight  and  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees 
with  the  same,  the  first  discoidal  cell  being  t»vo  or  three  times  broader  on 
the  hind  margin  than  at  the  base.      I'he  cubital  vein,  exceedingly  weak,  has 


i 


IlKMirXEHA— IIOMOPTKIt.V— AI'FUDES. 


271 


a  courHc  midway  in  tho  sj»ii((;  Ijohvoen  the  scconcl  ohlicpK.'  ami  stigmatic 
veins,  and  forks  aljoiil  Iialf-way  to  the  tip  of  tlie  wiiiy.  Tlio  stijj;-matic'  cell 
is  long  and  slender.  The  wliole  winjr  is  very  nairow,  l)nt  its  exart  pro- 
))ortions  are  uncertain  ;  i)rol)ably  it  is  more  rlian  tin-ee  times  as  long  as 
V)road. 

Leni«tli  of  fore  wing,  2.7.'')""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  340. 

14.  ANCONATIIS  Hu<kton. 


Ancoualui  Biickt.,  Motiogr.  Brit.  AiihUlcs,  IV,   177  (l&S:?). 

Head  rather  small,  §ubqiiadrate,  broader  than  long,  the  front  entire 
and  straight.  No  frontal  tubercles.  Antennie  apparently  much  shorter  than 
the  body,  very  slender,  separated  by  twice  tlie  width  of  the  basal  joint,  the 
first  and  .second  joints  quadrate  and  successively  smaller,  the  third  half  the 
width  of  the  first.  Winga  narrow,  the  stigraatic  vein  arising  at  about  the 
middle  of  a  pretty  large  and  long  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is 
generally  about  a  third  the  lengtli  of  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  very  feeble, 
once  forked  l)ofore,  generally  considerably  before,  the  stigmatic  vein  and 
at  a  moderate  distance  from  its  own  origin,  which  is  in  the  second  fourth  of 
the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins.  Second  oblique 
vein  arising  about  twice  as  near  the  first  oblique  as  the  cubital  vein,  diverg- 
ing considerably  from  the  first  oblique  vein  which  if,  unusually  transverse, 
but  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  only  three  or  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  the  base.  Legs  moderately  stout  but  long,  the  middle  femora 
being  nearl}-  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  bod\',  the  hind  femora  as  the  length 
of  the  abdomen.  Abdomen  stout  ovate,  considerably  broader  than  the 
thorax,  l)roadest  behind  the  middle,  somewhat  pointed  apicaDy,  with  no 
Cauda,  and  only  short  cornicles. 

Table  of  the  upcciei  nf  A iirniialii*. 

Cubital  vein  forking  a  long  way  boforo  tho  ativmiitio  vein,  anil  arising  oiiiy  a  littlo  botbre  tho  middle 
of  till!  H|iadi  bctwcpii  the  first  ob'.iqne  ami  stigmatic  veins 1.  A.  dorsuoaus. 

Cnbital  vein  forking  only  i  littli'  be  "ore  tlio  ••'iginatlo  vein  ami  vnry  far  from  its  origin,  which  is  at 
aboot  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  space  betwen  tho  first  oblicjue  and  stipi.iatic  veins. 

!i.  A.  bucktoiii. 


' 


n 


272  TEKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOBTU  AMEltlCA. 

1.    AnCONATUS    OOKSU08U8. 

PI.  18,  Fig.  9. 

Aneoiiatui  dortuo»u»  Biickt.,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  177-178,  PI.  IIW,  Fig.  4  (1883). 

This  large  species  is  represented  by  several  specimens,  all  tolerably 
complete  with  more  or  less  spread  wings.  In  all  the  body  is  uniformly 
dark,  but  in  none  is  the  form  of  the  wing  sho'vn.  The  po.stcostal  vein  is 
more  or  less  slender,  and  merges  into  the  greatly  elongated  snbfusiforni 
stigma,  which  fades  out  shortly  before  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  first  obli(pie 
vein  is  straight  and  parts  from  the  j)ostcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  seventy 
degrees,  while  the  second  is  more  or  less  arcuate  after  a  short  distance  from 
the  base  and  its  general  course  is  at  an  angle  i>f  forty-five  degrees  with  the 
postcostal,  though  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  apparently  only  a  little  more 
than  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  ('ul»ital  vein 
arising  scarcely  before  the  miildle  of  tiio  space  lietween  the  firsf  obli(pie 
and  stigmatic  veins  and,  running  midway  between  tli«'  sei  t>nd  obli(|Ue'and 
stigmatic  veins,  forking  at  some  distance  before  the  stigni;itic  vein  (in  which 
the  figure  is  not  (piite  correct)  and  at  fibout  the  end  of  one-tiiird  of  its 
course.  Stigmatic  cell  very  slender,  the  stigmatic  vein  being  only  gently 
arcuate,  and  the  cell  nearly  a  third  the  length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  fi""" ;  of  fore  wing,  8""". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  3228,  4827,  lUTV 

2.    An'CONATUS    ni'CKTONI. 

The  body  is  d^ep  l)lack,  with  pale  lilotches  on  the  abdomen  of  one 
specimen,  which  may  be  only  flaws  in  the  carl)onaceou8  matter.  Excepting 
the  wings  and  fragments  of  legs,  no  appendages  are  preserved,  unless  it  be 
one  of  the  cornicles,  a  slender,  e(pial,  not  very  long,  black  .stem  protiuding 
on  one  side  at  the  place  of  the  cornicle,  and  less  than  ont^-foiirth  the  width 
of  the  abdomen.  The  form  of  the  wings  can  not  be  determined,  but  ai)par- 
ently  they  are  very  narrow.  The  postcostal  vein  and  stigma  are  as  in  A. 
dorsuosus.  The  first  o])li(pie  \('in  is  straight,  and  diverges  from  the  post- 
costal at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees:  the  .second,  ((piaily  straight,  as  far  as  it 
can  be  seen  (not  over  one-half  its  cour.se),  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees  ;  the 
stigmatic  cell  not  wholiv  determinate  but  perhnps  wider  at   base  tlmu  in  A. 


riEMU'TERA— IIOMOI'THUA-APIIIDES. 


273 


dorsuOHUs  and  oxceodinj^ly  lon<^,  hoin^  nearly  lialf  a^i  lon<j  as  tho  wirijy. 
The  cuhital  vein  arisos  at  alxmt  the  middle  of  tho  proximal  halt'  of  the 
space  between  the  first  oblique  and  atlgmatic  veins,  takes  a  course  in  tho 
spacoopen  to  it,  a  little  below  tho  middle,  and  forks  only  a  little  before  the 
stigmatic  vein,  far  from  its  base  and  very  low  down,  the  inferior  branch 
being  short. 

Length  of  body,  3.5™™  ;  of  fore  wing,  7.5™™. 

Named  for  my  friend,  George  Bowdlcr  Huckton,  Esq.,  whose  mono- 
graph of  the  British  Aphides  is  a  monument  of  patient  work. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  20G7,  14289. 


15.  PTEROSTIGMA  Buckton. 

Pteroitigma  Biickt.,  Mouogr.  Brit.  AphidoB,  IV.  178  (1883). 

Head  and  antenna*  precisely  as  in  Anconatus,  excepting  that  the  basal 
antennal  joints  are  slenderer,  so  that  the  frontal  space  between  the  antennte 
is  several  times  their  width.'  Fore  wings  exceptionally  narrow,  with  the 
straight  postcostal  vein  distant  from  the  convex  margin,  the  stigmatic  vein 
arising  before  the  middle  of  the  long,  curving  and  tapering  stigma,  so  that 
the  cell  is  nearly  two-tifths  as  long  as  the  wing  (it  is  sliorter  than  would 
appear  from  the  plate).  Cubital  vein  very  feeble,  once  forked  well  before 
the  liase  of  tho  stigmatic  vein  and  at  no  very  great  distance  from  its  own 
origin,  which  is  near  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and 
the  stigmatic  veins.  Second  oblique  vein  arising  close  to  tlie  first  and 
many  times  nearer  it  than  the  cubital  vein,  sinuous  JMid  diverging  from  the 
straighter  fir.st  obli(pie  vein  at  a  considerable  angle,  .so  that  the  first  discoidal 
cell  between  them  is  about  four  times  broader  on  tiie  hind  margin  than  at 
the  base.  Legs  very  slender,  but  not  very  long.  Abdomen  pretty  regu- 
larly oval,  apically  rounded. 


Table  of  the  species  of  rterusligma. 

KuHes  of  thosecond  oliliqnc  and  sti;;iii:itio  vuius  hardly  luoro  distant  tiiaii  tlio  extreme  breadth  of  the 
wiiin , 1.  /'.  yeciiivum. 

ltam>H  of  tlio  sovund  olilii|nu  and  t<ti>;niatic  veins  more  than  half  as  distant  a^aln  as  tho  extreme  brvadtli 
of  tlie  wing 'i.  /'.  nigrum. 

•  What  Hni'kten  took  for  a  rostrum  of  three  joints  is  a  broken  part  of  tho  right  aiitf^nna. 
VOL  XIII 18 


274 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTn  AMERICA. 


1.    PtEROSTIOMA    RECURVtJM. 

PI.  18,  FiR,  18. 

Plerontigma  reeurvim  Buckt.,  Monogr.  Urit.  ApliidcH,  IV,  178,  PI.  13;),  Fig.  C  (1885). 

A  sinf»'le  specimen  with  expanded  wings  lies  ontangled  with  ii  species 
of  Aphidina'  (Te|)hiaphis  walshii).  The  basal  joints  of  the  antenna;  are 
preserved,  and  show  the  characteristics  mentioned  nnder  the  genus.  The 
fore  wings  are  nearly  tiiree  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  scarcely  any 
fidhiess  along  the  hind  margin,  being  exceptionally  synnnetrical.  The 
thiclvened  postcostal  vein  is  ahiiost  straight,  with  tlie  slightest  possilde  curve 
from  tiie  margin,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  blends  into  the  exceedingly 
long,  slender,  and  arcnate  stigma,  which  curves  around  the  tip  of  the  wing 
nearly  to  the  middle  line  :  the  costal  margin  is  consideral)ly  arcuate  at  base 
and  distant  from  the  postcostal  vein.  Tiie  obli(pie  veins  as  far  as  preserved 
are  nearly  straight  and  consideral)lj'  divergent,  l)iit  the  second  is  only 
preserved  in  its  basal  half  or  tliird ;  it  diverges  from  tiie  postcostal 
al)out  forty  degrees,  the  first  as  much  as  fifty  degrees.  The  cubital  vein  is 
very  faint  tliroiigliout,  but  arises  al)Oiit  six  times  as  far  from  the  second 
oblique  as  that  from  tlie  first,  and  at  only  a  short  distance  less  tlian  half-way 
from  the  fir.st  oblicpie  to  the  stigmatic  vel'i ;  it  has  a  very  longitudinal  course 
and  forks  narrowl}',  well  liefore  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  and  at  from 
one-fourtli  to  one-third  the  distance  from  its  origin  to  the  extremity  of  its 
lower  brancli.  The  stigmatic  vein  parts  gently  from  the  stigma  and  for  most 
of  its  course  is  slraighf,  tlie  stigmatic  cell  being  narrow,  broadest  apically, 
and  nearly  two-fifths  as  long  m  (lie  wllig.  The  ojieiiness  of  the  fiist  dis- 
coidal  cell  apically  can  not  be  determined,  but  seems  to  have  been  three  or 
four  times  as  bruad  here  as  at  liase.  Tlie  abdomen  seems  to  be  oval,  scarcely 
broader  than  the  thorax,  and  shows  no  signs  of  cauda  or  cornicles. 

Length  of  body,  4.2.")""" ;  of  fore  wing,  5.75'""'. 

No  jiart  of  the  wing  is  displaced  by  pressure,  as  suggested  as  possibly 
the  case  by  Biicktou;  on  the  contrary  it  is  I'xceptionally  undisturbed;  but 
as  ilrawn  on  the  jilate  the  extreme  ba.se  of  the  stigmatic  vein  is  not  given 
(and  is  in  reality  very  faint  and  only  visible  in  certain  lights),  while  iha 
apparent  short  vein  close  to  its  basn  is  foreign  to  the  wing.  The  obscure 
cubital  VI  in  was  overlooked  when  the  drawing  was  made. 

Flori.s.sant     One  specimen,  No.  !SU8.j. 


IIKMII'TEKA-UOMOrTHKA— l'8VLLll)yE. 


275 


' 


2.  Ptekostigma  nigrum. 

Only  tlio  body,  somewhat  distorted,  niid  one  foro  wing  nro  preserved, 
which  do  not  permit  so  complete  u  description  as  of  the  precedinjj  species. 
The  wing  appears  to  be  about  th  oo  times  as  hmg  as  broad,  and  with  the 
same  symmetrical  form  seen  in  the  preceding  species.  The  po.stcostal  vein 
is  thick  and  straight,  blending  into  the  considerably  thickened  stigma. 
The  obli(pie  veins  are  each  very  gently  arcuate  with  the  opening  toward 
the  stigma,  uiuisufilly  oblicpie  and  little  divergent,  the  general  course  of 
the  first  being  scarcely  more  than  forty-five  degrees  with  the  postcostal, 
that  of  the  second  not  above  forty  degrees  ;  the  second  is  more  sinuous  and 
terminates  fully  as  far  out  as  opposite  the  ba.se  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  the 
finst  opposite  the  base  of  the  cubital,  so  that  the  cell  is  at  least  four  times 
as  wide  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  The  cubital  vein  is  very  faint, 
especially  toward  the  base,  but  arises  four  or  five  times  as  far  from  the 
second  ol)li(pie  as  the  latter  from  the  first  oblique  vein,  and  scarcely  less 
than  lialf-way  from  the  first  obli(pie  to  the  stigmatic  vein  ;  it  has  an  exceed- 
ingly longitudinal  course  and  forks  very  narrowly  far  before  the  base  of 
the  stigmatic  vein,  but  just  how  far  the  single  specimen  does  not  permit 
deciding.  The  stigmatic  vein  parts  rather  rapidly  from  the  stigma  and  is 
strongly  arcuate  at  base,  l)Ut  the  form  of  the  stigmatic  cell  can  not  Ix;  made 
out.  Tile  bod}'  is  very  black  and  uniform  thi'oughout,  the  abdomen  short 
ovate,  and  well  rounded,  with  no  sign  of  cauda  or  cornicles. 

Length  of  body,  .'i.f)'""' ;    .f  wings,  h""". 

Florissant.     One  Hpccimen,  No,  liOIIO, 


Family  PSYLL1D>E  Lntreille. 

This  little  family  of  leaf  fleas,  closely  allied  to  the  Aphides,  but  always 
winged  at  maturity  and  showing  some  curious  resemblances  in  neuration  to 
th(i  Psocida'  among  Neuroptera,  seems  to  be  best  represented,  like  the 
Aphides,  in  temperate  regions,  riitlierfo  it  has  not  been  found  fossil,  but 
the  shales  of  Florissant  have  now  yielded  remains  of  two  species  belonging 
to  two  ditferent  groups  and  repre.-senting  extinct  genera  allied  to  Ps3lla, 
Pachypsylla,  and  ?\vllopsis. 

Tabh  of  the  genera  of  PtyUidcr. 

Stem  of  llio  ciiliifal  vein  licftire  its  folk  an  IcmijaH  the  Hteiii  of  tiie  HubroHtal  vein 1.  Xccropni/Jhi. 

Siein  ofthocul)it.al  vein  beforo  its  fork  (li.stiiictly  sfi'/rtor  thau  tliatof  the  subcostal  veiii-.S.  Catopsyllu. 


276 


TKRTIAUY   INHKOTS  OFNOllTII  AMERICA. 


1.  NECUOrSYLLA  gon.  nov.  {venpt?,  Psylla). 

This  niinic  '\a  proposed  for  ii  species  belonglnjf  to  the  siiltfaiiiilv  Aplm- 
liii-iiiir,  wliieh  allows  a  eloso  resomblanco  to  Psyllopsis.  As  there,  the  wiiifif 
is  luenihnuious.  The  iiotiohis  cubiti  is  of  the  huiih*  hjiifjth  as  tlio  discoidal 
part  «'r  the  siibcosta,  and  tlie  jjeneral  rehitioii  of  the  principal  nervures  is 
the  same  ;  it  isoidy  in  minor  details  that  it  differs  liere,  such  as  the  excep- 
tional len<,'th  of  the  uj)p('r  hraiich  of  the  siibcosta  luid  the  transverse  course 
of  the  lowest  branch  of  the  cubital.  Ihit  the  most  strikinj'  difl'creiico  is  in 
the  form  of  the  w'lug,  which  in  I'syllopsis  is  pretty  regularly  obovate,  the 
M'idest  part  of  the  winji^  in  the  middle,  the  apex  well  rounded.  In  Nocro- 
psylla,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  subtrian<^ular,  the  broadest  part  just  before 
the  apex,  which  is  very  broadly  roujided  ;  both  upper  and  lower  margins 
are  nearly  straight.     Little  is  jiroserved  besides  the  wings. 

When  first  noticed  it  was  thought  to  belong  to  the  I'socidat,  near  Pso- 
quilla  and  Spha'ropsocus,  and  was  accordingly  figured  among  the  Neurop- 
tera. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

NeCROPSYLLA    RIO  IDA. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  11,  21. 

Head  broad,  fully  twice  as  broad  as  long,  rounded,  the  nasus  strongly 
pronounced,  orbiculai-,  very  large.  Whole  body  stout,  the  prothorax  appar- 
ently at  least  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  the  abdomen  tapering  a  little 
only,  and  furnished  at  the  tip  with  a  short,  slender,  conical,  bluntly  tipped 
style.  Wings  two  and  n  half  times  longer  than  broad,  wedge-.shaped,  being 
hirgest  near  the  tip  and  narrowing  pretty  regularly  toward  the  base,  though 
more  rapidly  on  the  basal  third  than  beyond,  the  costal  margin  arched,  the 
tip  very  fully  rounded,  the  inner  margin  j)erfectly  straight.  A  principal 
vein  runs  through  the  middle  of  the  wing  ;  at  the  end  of  the  fir.st  third  it 
divides  into  two  forked  Ktems,  the  cubital  and  subcostal,  each  of  them 
forked  for  the  first  time  opposite  each  other  at  about  the  middle  of  the 
wing;  the  subcostal  forks  only  this  time,  its  upper  offshoot  curving  at  once 
up  toward  and  then  following  clo.se  to  the  costal  margin,  where  it  descends 
into  the  apical  margin ;  the  cu))ital  runs  in  a  straight  course  midway 
between  the  former  and  the  veins  below.     The  lower  branch,  on  dividing. 


OEMIPTKUA— nOMOPTKUA— PSYIiLID.K. 


277 


sends  one  offshoot  along  tho  midllo  of  tho  wing,  which  forks  at  ;'  little  moro 
than  half-way  to  tho  tip,  the  forks  curvinjr  a  little  downward ;  the  other 
offsho(»t  parts  widely  from  the  upper,  but  when  it  nears  tho  juirt  niargiti, 
at  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  tho  wing,  it  is  connoctod  by  a  cross- vein 
with  the  margin,  while  it  itself  passes  with  ;i  strong  curve  to  the  apical  mar- 
gin just  beyond  tho  limits  of  the  straigitt  i,  lor  margin.  Besides  those  veins 
there  are  two  others,  which  re  obscure  and  may  t)riginato  independently 
or  from  this  central  vein  near  the  base:  tho  upper  strikes  the  upper  margin 
a  little  before  the  middle  of  tiie  wing  .md  runs  parallel  to  the  upper  offshoot 
of  the  priiu'ipal  vein  ;  the  other,  the  anal  vein,  which  is  more  uncertain, 
Htrikes  the  inner  margin  a  little  nearer  the  bR«o,  reaching  it  with  a  similar 
but  reverse  obliciuity. 

Length  of  body,  S'"" ;  breadth,  0.75""" ;  length  of  wing,  2°"" ;  breadth, 
0.78""°. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  310,  34!),  7598,  12017. 

2.  CAI'OPSYLLA  gen.  nov.  («ara;,  Psylla). 

Belongs  to  the  subfamil}'  Psyllinic,  in  which  the  petiole  of  tho  cubital 
vein  is  distinctly  shorter  than  the  discoidal  portion  of  the  subcostal.  It  is 
most  nearly  related  to  I'sylla  irself,  and  indeed  differs  from  it  only  in  the 
excessivi'  Iftigth  of  the  cubital  ccjlls,  which  are  more  than  a  third  the  length 
of  tiir  wing,  and  besides  are  of  very  simple  and  similar  structure,  in  wiiich 
respect  it,  agrees  better  with  Pacliyiwylla,  recently  described  by  liiley, 
though  the  cells  are  not  so  long  as  there  ai\d  the  two  sides  of  tho  wing  are 
more  synnnetrical  in  form,  the  apex  of  the  wing  falling  exactly  in  the  mid- 
dle line ;  the  upper  cul)ital  branch  falls  barely  lielow  the  middle  of  the 
apex  of  the  wing.  Tlie  wing  was  pretty  evidently  niembranou.s,  and  its 
broadest  portion  is  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  half,  before  which  it  decreases 
regularly  and  gently  in  size,  both  front  and  hind  margins  being  nearly 
straight. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Catopsylla  prima. 

Wings  fully  twice  as  long  as  broad,  largest  in  the  strongly  rounded 
apical  half,  decreasing  regularly  in  size  toward  the  base.  Lower  fork  of 
subcostal  vein  forming  with  its  stem  a  nsgular,  very  gently  arcuate  curve 
and  terminating  considerably  above  the  apex  of  the  wing,  its  upper  branch 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corpuration 


n  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MS80 

(716)  872-4503 


.<t 


1> 


278 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


diverging  from  it  angularly  '.oward  the  costal  margin  just  before  the  end  of 
the  j)roximal  tliird  of  the  wi.ig,  and  just  before  reaching  the  margin  bend- 
ing abruptly  outward  parallel  to  the  lower  branch,  not  really  reaching 
the  margin  until  toward  the  aj)ex  of  the  wing.  In  the  cubital  vein  the 
lowermost  fork  makes  a  continuous,  regular  and  rather  strongly  arcuate 
curve  with  the  discoidal  portion,  striking  the  margin  just  before  the  middle 
of  the  wing ;  the  upper  brancli  of  the  lower  fork  parts  from  this  just  about 
opposite  the  forking  of  the  subcostal,  while  the  upper  fork,  not  so  wide  as 
the  lower,  arises  at  three-fifths  the  distance  from  the  base  of  the  wing, 
making  the  inclosed  cell  of  unusual  length  for  Psyllida; ;  the  upper  branch 
of  this  fork  falls  scarcely  below  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  the  tips  of  the 
cubital  forks  fall  at  subequidistant  intervals  along  tlie  margin,  the  lower 
cell  the  wider. 

Length  of  body,  .S"™  ;  wing,  2.5"""  ;  breadth  of  latter,  1.2'"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  6712. 

Family  FULGORINA  Burmeister. 

This  family  is  fairly  well  represented  in  Tertiary  deposits  and  by  a 
consideralde  variety  of  forms,  all  the  subfamilies  being  represented  except 
the  Tropiduchida,  Derbida,  and  Lophopida;  and,  what  is  curious,  each  of  the 
subfamilies  is  represented  both  in  European  and  American  strata,  excepting 
only  the  Issida,  confined  to  P^urope,  and  the  Achilida,  found  only  in  Amer- 
ica, each  by  a  single  species,  tlie  one  in  Radoboj,  the  other  at  Florissant. 
In  Europe  the  Fulgorina  are  represented  by  Poiocera  in  amber,  the  Uictyo- 
pliarida  by  Pseudophana  l)oth  in  amber  and  at  Oeningen,  the  Cixiida  by 
Cixius  in  amber,  the  Delphacida  by  Asiraca  at  Aix,  the  Ilicaniida  by  Rica- 
nia  in  amber,  and  the  Flatida  by  Flata,  also  in  amber.  The  only  one  of 
these  genera  recognized  in  America  is  Cixiiis,  and  that  doubtfully ;  but 
these  subfamilies  are  far  better  rej)resented,  and  in  some  instances  by  new 
and  peculiar  types.  Thus  of  Fulgorida  we  have  Nyctophyl.ix,  Aphana, 
Lystra,  and  Fulg<»ra,  all  with  more  than  one  species,  from  various  locali- 
ties ;  of  Dictyopluirida,  a  Dictyopliara  from  Florissant ;  of  Cixiida,  not  only 
Cixius  but  Oliarus,  Diaplegnia,  Oliarites,  and  Florissantia,  all  but  the  first 
peculiar  types  and  Diaplogma  with  no  less  than  seven  species— all  these  from 
Green  liiver  and  Florissant ;  of  Delphacida,  Uelphax,  and  Planophlebia, 
the  latter  a  remarkable  oxtinct  type  from  liritish  Columbia ;  of  Ilicaniida 


HEMIPTEBA— HOMOPTEltA— PULGOKINA. 


279 


Hammapteryx,  a  new  genua  from  Green  River ;  and  of  Flatida,  two  species 
of  Lithopsis  and  one  of  Ficarasites,  both  new  types  and  from  Green  River. 
America  is  therefore  far  richer  than  Europe  both  in  the  number  and  diver- 
sity of  its  fulgorine  fauna,  but  especial'y  in  the  latter.  About  half  the 
European  species  have  been  referred  to  Cixius  alone,  and,  as  we  have  seen, 
Diaplegrac,  a  genus  of  Cixiida,  is  the  most  abundant  American  type. 

Subfiimily  FULOORIDA  StSl. 

This  group,  whicli  includes  among  its  members  the  lantern-fly  and 
other  light-giving,  or  presumably  light-giving,  insects,  has  heretofore  been 
found  fossil  only  in  amber,  three  species  of  Poeocera  having  been  described 
therein.  Now,  however,  we  are  able  to  add  from  the  American  rocks  a  con- 
siderable number  and  variety  of  forms,  referred  to  four  different  genera,  one 
of  them,  Nyctophylax,  extinct  and  composed  of  large  species  with  recurved 
snout. 

NYCTOPHYLAX  gen.  nov.  (yvKTocpv\af,). 

Large  bodied  insects,  nearly  allied  to  Enchophora.  The  head  pre- 
sented a  recurved  process  of  subeqiial  diameter  (as  seen  from  the  side)  and 
tolerably  stout,  exceeding  a  little  the  diameter  of  the  head ;  it  was  directoi 
upward  and  a  little  backward,  not  reaciiing  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head, 
very  bluntly  pointed,  laterally  carinate.  Legs  short  and  moderately 
stout,  the  hind  femora  not  surpassing  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  both 
femora  and  tibiaj  apparently  carinate  or  tetraquetral  throughout.  Tegmina 
considerably  surpassing  the  abdomen,  densely  reticulate  in  the  apical  fourth 
only.    Type,  N.  uhleri. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Ni/ctophylax, 

Larger  species  (tegmina  tweuty  luilliineturs  iu  length).  Extreme  tip  of  the  recurved  process  of  the 
head  separated  from  tlie  smiimit  of  the  head  by  nearly  twice  its  own  greatest  diameter. .  1.  N.  uhleri. 

Smaller  species  (teginiua  tiftaen  railliuieters  iu  length).  Extreme  tip  of  the  recurved  process  of  tho 
head  separated  from  tho  summitof  the  head  by  not  more  than  its  own  greatest  diameter. .2.  N.  iHgil. 

1.  Nyctophylax  uhlerl 
PI.  19,  Viff.  11. 

This  is  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Homoptera  known  in  a  fossil  state,  and 
from  the  development  of  the  frontal  process  was  not  improbably  a  noctilu- 
cous insect.  It  is  preserved  on  a  side  view;  the  fracture  of  the  stone  has 
removed  a  portion  of  the  front,  but  has  fortunately  left  intact  the  posterior 


280 


TEUTIAUY  liVaBirrS  OF  NOKTU  AMBRIUA. 


connection  of  the  process  to  the  vertex,  by  which  it  is  seen  to  be  here 
abruptly  bent  backward,  but  at  the  same  time  upward,  so  as  to  leave  an 
ang'ulate  opening  between  it  and  the  head.  The  head  is  streaked  with  pale, 
relieved  by  dark  along  the  incisiu'es,  and  the  process  is  longitudinally  marked 
in  the  same  way,  the  carinjc  being  dark.  The  tegmina  are  broad,  expand- 
ing triangularly,  roundly  angulate  at  the  apex,  which  is  in  the  middle  of  the 
upper  half,  and  surpass  the  abdomen  by  about  one-fifth  their  length ;  they 
are  dark  1)ut  mottled  with  lighter  colors,  and  in  the  apical  reticulate  portion 
the  nervules  and  cross-veins  are  heavily  marked  with  white,  breaking  this 
part  of  the  wing  up  into  pretty  regular,  rectangular  and  longitudinal,  fulig- 
inous cells  of  very  equal  breadth,  bat  varying  in  length  from  one  to  three 
times  their  breadth.  The  legs  are  dark,  marked  longitudinally  with  paler 
colors,  and  the  dark  abdomen  is  much  paler  in  broad  bands  at  the  incisures. 

Length  of  body,  20  ? '"'" ;  height  of  thorax,  7"°' ;  length  of  process 
beyond  the  head,  3""' ;  breadth  of  same,  l™" ;  length  of  tegmina,  20""° ; 
their  breadth,  8""";  length  of  fore  femora,  4""°;  fore  tibiae,  5°"°;  hind 
femora,  5  5""" ;  hind  tibia?,  7"""'. 

This  striking  insect^  the  possible  light  bearer  of  the  ancient  Florissant 
nights,  is  named  for  my  friend  Mr.  P.  R.  Uhler,  who  h.os  done  more  than 
any  one  else  to  illumine  the  path  of  the  student  of  Hemiptera  in  our  country. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  11771. 

2.  Nyctophylax  vigil. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  8. 

Tliis  species  seems  to  differ  from  the  preceding,  so  far  as  can  be  seen, 
only  in  its  smaller  size  and  the  sliorter  and  more  abruptly  recurved  process 
of  the  head,  the  apex  of  which  only  reaches  a  point  opposite  the  middle  of 
the  eye,  and  is  removed  from  the  summit  of  the  head  by  scarcely  its  own 
greatest  width.  Unfortunately  this  part  was  not  exposed  on  the  stone  when 
it  was  drawn,  and  the  front  of  the  specimen,  which  is  preserved  in  nearly 
the  same  position  as  in  that  of  N  uhle  5,  is  broken  to  silmost  precisely  the 
same  extent  as  tliere.  Tlie  markings  aro  throughout  the  same,  excepting 
that  the  pale  bands  at  the  incisures  of  the  abdomen  appear  to  be  narrower. 

Length  of  body,  ir»""";  hei^lit  of  tliorax,  4.5'""';  length  of  process 
beyond  tiie  head,  1 2""" ;  breadth  of  same,  0.9'"'° ;  length  of  tegmina, 
14.75""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  12088. 


HEMIPTEKA— UOMOFrEBA— FULGOBINA. 


281 


APHANA  Burmeister. 

To  this  genus  are  provisionally  referred  a  couple  of  species  which 
belong  in  tliis  neighborhood,  but  probably  not  together.  No  other  extinct 
species  have  been  reierred  to  this  group,  which  is  essentially  subtropical. 

Aphana  atava. 
PI.  6,  Figs.  96,  97. 
Aplutna  atata  Soadd.,  Ball.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Sarv.  Terr.,  Ill,  769-760  (1877). 

A  single  finely  preserved  specimen,  giving  the  upper  surface  of  the 
body,  the  displaced  tegmina  of  one  side,  and  a  part  of  the  middle  leg  of  tho 
opposite  side,  is  referred  provisionally  to  Aphana.  It  plainly  belongs  to 
the  true  Fulgorina,  and  seems  to  agree  better  with  Aphana  than  vvrith  any 
other  genus  concerning  which  information  is  at  hand,  but  it  is  much  smaller 
than  the  species  of  Aphana  (as  it  is  larger  than  those  of  Pceocera),  and 
differs  from  it  in  the  structure  of  the  head  and  the  brevity  of  the  tegmina. 
The  head  is  small,  being  scarcely  more  than  one-third  the  width  of  the 
body,  the  eyes  not  prominent,  the  front  scarcely  angulated,  and  the  vertex 
of  about  equal  length  and  breadth  ;  it  is  marked  above  with  two  longitudi- 
nal blackish  stripes,  and  the  thorax  with  a  median,  and,  on  either  side,  a 
broad,  lateral,  black  stripe,  all  of  them  bordered  by  paler  parts  and  the 
median  marked  with  a  median  pale  line.  The  front  of  the  thorax  is  strongly 
and  regularly  convex,  and  the  posterior  border  of  the  mesonotum  is  rect- 
angular. The  tegmina  are  about  tliree  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  nearly 
parallel  borders,  the  tip  roundly  pointed ;  the  apical  fifth  is  filled  with  fine, 
closely  parallel,  longitudinal  veinlets,  extending  from  the  tip  of  the  radial 
vein  to  the  inner  border,  forming  an  area  of  equal  width  throughout.  The 
radial  vein  is  parallel  to  the  costa  throughout.  The  ulnar  veins  originate 
almost  exactly  as  in  Acraepliia,  but  the  upper  one  does  not  fork  before  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  when  it  sends  downward  a  single  shoot,  while  the  lower 
forks  almost  immediately,  and  again  emits  a  vein  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
wing.  The  wing  itself  is  apparently  diaphanous,  but  is  mottled  lightly  with 
faint  fuliginous  along  the  costal  border,  and  more  heavily,  but  irregularly, 
with  dark  fuscous  on  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  especially  next  the  extreme 
base,  and  in  a  rather  broad  and  straight  but  irregularly  margined  and 
oblique  baud,  crossing  tiie  wing  from  just  below  the  sutural  angle  equally 


282 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMBHICA. 


backward  and  outward.  Middle  leg  moderately  stout ;  femur  and  tibia  of 
e(]ual  width,  straight,  apparently  with  sharp  edges.  Abdomen  full,  rounded, 
broad,  the  extremity  broadly  rounded ;  it  is  dusky,  especially  beyond  the 
base,  the  neighborhood  of  the  spiracles  darker,  the  fifth  to  the  seventh  seg- 
ments with  a  modio-dorsal  (or  medio- ventral?)  raised  line  marked  in  black. 

Length  of  body,  d.5""" ;  breadth  of  head,  1.8""" ;  of  abdomen,  f)""" ; 
length  of  tegmina,  10"™;  width  of  same,  3.5'"";  length  of  femora  (some- 
what doubtful),  2"'"'. 

Ciiagrln  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.    One  specimen,  W.  Denton. 

ApIIANA   ROTUNDIPENN18. 

PI.  6,  Fig.  27. 

Aphana  totHitdtpenHit  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Gool.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  IV,  772  (1878). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  a  couple  of  wings  which  seem  by  their 
obscure  venation  to  belong  in  tlie  same  group  as  the  last.  They  differ,  how- 
ever, in  Iiaving  a  strongly  bowed  costa,  which  is  curved  more  apically  than 
near  the  base,  and  continues  very  regularly  the  curve  of  the  well-rounded 
apex ;  the  commissural  border  is  perfectly  straight ;  the  principal  veins  fork 
near  the  b.ase,  so  that  there  are  a  number  of  longitudinal  veins  a  short  dis- 
tance therefrom ;  no  transverse  veins  are  uiscernible,  nor  oblique  veins  at 
the  costal  margin,  but  the  longitudinal  veins  all  fork  at  a  similar  distance 
from  the  apex,  so  that  the  apical  fifth  of  the  wing  is  filled  with  still  more 
numerous  longitudinal  veins ;  the  tegmina  are  broadest  just  beyond  the 
middle. 

Length  of  tegmina,  6.7.5""" ;  breadth  of  same,  S""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  IT.'i  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson), 4187  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

LYSTRA  Fabricius. 

The  specimens  that  are  i»laced  liere  are  very  obscure  and  imperfect, 
and  when  better  ones  are  ob'iiined  the  species  will  very  probably  have  to 
be  removed  elsewhere,  and  perliaps  even  to  another  subfamily  ;  but  what 
can  be  made  out  reminds  one  of  this  group  as  well  as  of  any  other,  and 
they  are  therefore  placed  here  provisionally,  though  it  is  plain  that  they  do 
not  belong  together.     No  fossil  species  besides  these  have  been  recorded. 

Table  of  Ihe  ipecita  of  Lystra. 

Lateral  sulci  of  mesonotiini  parallel 1.  L.  richard*mi. 

Lateral  Hiilci  of  nicsonotiim  posteriorly  convurgout  'i.  L.  leti. 


HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTBRA— PULGORINA. 


283 


1.   LySTRaI   RICIIARD80NI. 
PI.  6,  Figs.  24,  30,  31 ;  PI.  7,  Figs.  1,  3. 
lyttrat  richardtoni  Hciidd.,  :inh.  U.  S.  Qool.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  772  (1878). 

I  have  before  nie  a  number  of  specimens  of  a  large  fulgorid,  appar- 
ently belonging  near  Lystra  and  Poeocera,  but  which  have  been  preserved 
only  in  a  fragmentary  condition.  Enough,  however,  remains  to  show 
several  features :  the  vertex  between  the  eyes  is  half  as  broad  again  as  the 
eyes,  and  at  least  as  long  as  broad,  projecting  beyond  the  eyes  by  more 
than  the  diameter  of  the  latter  and  well  rounded.  The  scutellum  is  large, 
fully  as  long  as  broad.  The  longitudinal  veins  of  the  tegmina  are  rather 
infrequent,  forking  rarely,  and  even  toward  the  apex  seldom  connected  by 
cross-veins ;  apparently  all  the  principal  veins  branch  at  about  the  same 
points,  viz,  near  the  middle  of  the  basal  and  of  the  apical  hsilf ;  the  tegmina 
somewhat  surpass  the  abdomen.  The  body  is  broadest  at  the  second  or 
third  abdominal  segment,  and  tapers  rapidly  to  a  point,  the  segments  being 
equal  in  length. 

Length  of  body,  16""";  probable  lengUi  of  tegmina,  15.5°"";  breadth 
of  abdomen,  5.5""". 

Named  for  one  of  the  earliest  collectors  of  Green  River  fossil  insects, 
Mr.  F.  C.  A.  Richardson. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Eleven  specimens,  Nos.  G7,  119  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson),  40,  41,  109  (L,  A.  Lee),  121,  123  (A.  S.  Packard),  407(5,  4207 
and  4208,  4212,  4217  (S.  IL  Scudder). 


2.  Lystra?  leei. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  2. 

A  species  is  indicated  of  about  the  same  size  and  general  form  as  L. 
richardsoni,  preserved  so  as  to  show  a  dorsal  view  with  the  greater  part  of 
at  least  one  of  the  diaphanous  tegmina  and  the  thorax,  but  not  the  head  nor 
other  appendages.  The  mesonotum  was  broad  and  well  rounded  in  front, 
contracted  behind,  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  interior  third  of 
each  lateral  half  separated  by  a  straight  oblique  sulcus  from  the  parts  with- 
out, as  deep  as  the  median  sulcus,  and  apically  curving  abruptly  inward  to 
it;  scutellum  moderately  large,  truncate  basally,  triangular  and  almost 
equiangular,  the  apex  produced  finely  to  a  point,  the  sides  sliglitly  concave. 


284 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Tegmina  somewhat  surpassing  the  abdomen,  the  longitudinal  veins  in 
general  much  as  in  L.  richardsoni.     Abdomen  much  as  there. 

Length  of  fragment,  11. S""";  probable  length  of  body,  10""";  length  of 
tegmina,  10.25""";  breadth  of  abdomen,  6.25""'. 

Named  for  Prof  Leslie  A.  Lee,  of  Bowdoin  College,  a  diligent  collector 
of  Green  River  fossil  insects. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  119,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

FULGORA  Linnd. 

The  species  placed  here  are  so  referred  only  because,  appearing  to 
belong  to  the  subfamily  of  which  this  is  a  typical  member,  they  can  not  be 
more  definitely  placed.  No  other  fossil  insects  have  been  referred  to  this 
place. 

FULGORA   GRANULOSA. 
PI.  0,  Fig.  35. 
Fulgora  granvloia  Scwld.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  771-772  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  and  its  revertio  show  only  the  thorax  and  abdomen 
of  an  insect  belonging  to  th«  subfamily  of  Fulgorida,  but  of  which  little 
more  can  be  said.  The  thorax  is  largo,  globose,  and  black ;  the  scutellum 
is  about  half  as  large  as  the  thorax,  longer  than  broad,  and  rounded  at  the 
apex ;  the  abdoiiicn  tupera  gently,  its  apex  about  half  as  broad  as  its  base, 
and  is  provided  with  a  pair  of  overlapping,  black,  roundish,  oval  plates, 
giving  the  appearance  of  an  additional  segment,  T!ie  surface  of  the  thorax 
and  abdomen  is  thickly  and  uniformly  granulate  with  circular,  dark-edged 
elevations,  averaging  0.04"""  in  diameter;  the  scutellum  lacks  this  nitarking, 
excepting  at  the  edges,  which  are  more  minutely  and  profusely  granulate. 

Lengtli  of  body,  H-.V"'";  of  thorax,  2.7.'')'"™;  of  scutellum,  1.4"";  of 
appendages,!""";  breadtli  of  thorax,  2..')"'"' ;  of  scutellum,  1.2.5""  ;  of  second 
segment  of  abdomen,  2.2"'". 

Green  liiver,  Wyoming.  One  8])ecimen,  Nos.  49  and  131  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson). 

FULGORA   POPULATA. 
PI.  7,  PiiJ.  1«. 

The  dorsal  view  of  a  headless  insect  with  overlapping  wings  but  no 
other  appendages.  The  mesonotuuj  is  transverse,  alsout  three  times  as 
broad  as  long,  posteriorly  truncate,  anteriorly  broadly  rounded  so  as  to  be 


HBMIPXEUA— UOMOPTEUA— FULUOUINA. 


285 


only  one-fourth  as  long  on  the  sides  as  in  the  middle,  the  surface  smooth  or 
microscopically  scabrouK,  with  exceedingly  scattered,  pale,  circular  spots  or 
pustules  about  O.Oli"""  ii\  diameter.  Scutellum  large,  nearly  as  broad  as  the 
mesonotum,  and  almost  three-fourths  as  long  as  broad,  the  sides  sligittly 
concave,  the  apex  produced  and  pointed,  the  surface  similar  to  that  of  the 
pronotum  but  with  fewer  pustules.  13ase  of  the  togmina  and  particularly 
of  the  clavus  apparently  very  finely  granulate,  the  neuration  obscurely 
preserved,  the  tegmina  apparently  just  reaching  the  tip  of  tlie  abdomen. 

Length  of  fragment,  7""" ;  of  mesonotum,  0.6'"'" ;  breadth  of  same, 
1.7""" ;  of  abdomen,  2.S'"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  Ill,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

FULGOKA   OBTICE8CEN8. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  1. 

A  small  specimen  appearing  to  belong  in  this  subfamily,  though  cer- 
tainly not  in  Fulgora,  in  wliicli  it  is  placed  only  in  its  ancient  broad  sense. 
A  dorsal  view  is  presented,  showing  little  besides  the  body  and  some  of  the 
veins  of  the  tegmina,  which  reached  to  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen.  The 
head  was  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax.  The  thorax  was  large  and  rounded 
subquadrate,  the  scut  .Hum  also  large  and  rather  bluntly  angled  posteriorly, 
the  abdomen  lighter  colored  than  the  rest  of  the  body  and  conico-fusiform 
with  broad,  pale  incisures.  The  fore  legs  were  slender  and  linear,  and  the 
longitudinal  veins  of  the  diaphanous  tegmina  rather  distant  with  scanty 
cross-veins. 

Length  of  body,  4°°'" ;  greatest  breadth,  1.25"°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  12069. 

Subfamily  DICTYOPHARIDA  St&l. 

A  considerable  group  of  mostly  tropical  forms,  of  which  the  only  known 
fossil  species  are  those  mentioned  below. 

DICTYOPHARA  Gormar. 

Two  species  of  Pseudopliana  Burmeister,  regarded  by  Stal  as  the  same 
as  this  genus,  have  been  described  from  the  European  Tertiaries,  one  from 
immature  specimens  in  amber,  the  other  a  winged  insect  from  Oeningen. 
The  species  added  below  is  placed  in  this  genus  as  typical  of  Dictyopha- 


r,ii 


286 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


rida,  to  wliich  tho  insect  appears  to  belong.  The  genus  is  now  confined  to 
warm  countries,  hut  is  found  in  both  worlds.  Heer  compares  tho  Oeningen 
fossil  to  a  species  found  living  in  Georgia. 

DiCTYOPHABA    BOUVEI. 
n.  21,  Fig.  10. 

A  pair  of  specimens,  lioth  seen  upon  a  side  view,  whicli  appear  to 
belong  together.  Head  not  protuberant  in  front  of  the  eyes,  well  rounded. 
Kosti  um  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  posterior  legs ;  it  is  poorly  represented 
oi)  the  plate  in  a  too  curved  line.  Dorsum  of  thorax  well  arclied.  Legs 
moderately  long  and  of  medium  stoutness.  Tegmina  four  times  as  long  as 
broad,  surpassing  a  little  the  length  of  tho  body,  rather  slender  and  sub- 
t'lpial,  the  apex  subucuto,  obliquely  Kubtruncato  below.  Wings  ample,  the 
veins  of  the  anal  area  divergent,  arcuate,  apically  distant,  the  outermost, 
falling  on  tho  border  at  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  tho  wing,  narrowly 
and  very  deeply  forked. 

Length  of  body,  14™"' ;  height  of  same,  4.5""" ;  length  of  tegmina,  12'""' ; 
breadth  of  .samo,  3'""' ;  length  of  rostrum,  45'""'. 

Named  for  tlio  Boston  geologist,  Tliomas  T.  Uouvd,  Esq. 

Florissant     Two  specimens,  Nos.  126,  4348. 


Snblnmily  CIXIII>A  Stal. 

About  a  third  of  the  fossil  Fulgorida^  of  Europe  have  been  referred  to 
this  subfamily.  They  are  all  from  amber  and  are  considered  as  species  of 
Cixius.  To  this  we  can  now  add  from  American  rocks  twelve  species  of  at 
least  five  genera,  three  of  them,  Oliarites,  Diaplegma,  and  Florissantia, 
regarded  as  extinct  types.  They  all  belong  in  tho  vicinity  of  Cixius  and 
Oliarus,  and  one  of  tliem,  Diajdegma,  has  as  many  as  seven  8i)ecies.  The 
modern  species  of  this  group  api)ear  to  be  world  wide  in  distribution. 

CIXIUS  Latreille. 

To  this  genus  as  typical  of  the  subfan)ily  only  two  forms  are  here 
placed,  whifii  can  hardly  belong  in  the  same  generic  group.  Many  fossil 
.specie."}  are  known  in  amber,  but  none  from  tho  rocks  have  before  been 
referred  here.  Both  the  species  here  described  and  figured  are  very  imper- 
fect. 


HEMIPTERA— riOMOPTERA— FULOOUINA. 


287 


ClXIUS?   HE8PERIDUM. 

PI.  6,  Fifj.  19. 

Cixiuir  ketptridum  Sondd.,  null.  U.  S.  Gool.  Ouogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  77!t-77:i  (1M78). 

A  single  fragment,  repreHoiiting  h  nearly  perfect  tegnion,  with  obscure 
venation,  is  probably  to  bo  referred  to  Cixius,  but  is  unsatisfactory ;  the 
costal  border  is  gently  and  regularly  convex,  the  tip  well  rounded,  with  no 
projecting  apex ;  the  togmen  appears  to  increase  very  slightly  in  size  to  a 
little  beyond  the  middle,  up  to  which  point  the  borders  are  nearly  parallel ; 
the  course  and  branching  of  the  nervures,  so  far  as  they  can  be  made  out, 
seem  to  indicate  an  insect  allied  to  Cixius,  but  no  cross-veins  can  be  seen 

Length  of  tegmen,  G.2""" ;  its  greatest  breadth,  2Iy""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  3H,  F.  C  A.  Richardson. 

Cixius?  pkoavus. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  14. 

An  insect  apparently  allied  not  distantly  to  Florissantia  elogans  and 
but  little  smaller  than  it,  but  with  considerable  difference  in  the  nouration 
of  the  tegmina.  The  head  is  not  preserved,  l)ut  must  have  been  at  least  as 
narrow  as  there,  the  thorax  being  transverse  but  triangular  and  longer  than 
in  Florissantia,  although  its  apex  is  angularly  emarginate,  x'eceiving  the 
broadly  angled  base  of  the  very  large,  otherwise  triangular  scutellum,  which 
has  a  fine  mesial  sulcation.  Tegmina  siu'passing  the  abdomen  moderately, 
with  no  j)tero8tigma,  the  first  cross-veins,  at  which  the  longitudinal  veins 
are  forked  and  new  cells  arise,  crossing  the  middle  of  the  apical  two-thirds 
of  the  wings,  beyond  which  point  the  longitudinal  veins  run  unforked  to  the 
margin,  so  that  there  are  but  a  basal  and  an  apical  sei'ies  of  cells,  the  latter, 
about  eight  in  number,  striking  the  apical  margin ;  there  a))pear  to  be  a 
few  dusky  spots  in  the  middle  of  these  a])ical  cells. 

Length  of  body  as  preserved,  10""";  breadth  of  same,  3.7.'')""" ;  length 
of  tegmina,  10.5™"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  l.TO.'),  Princeton  Expedition. 

OLIARUS  Stal. 

A  single  species  is  referred  here  provisionally  to  indicate  its  apparently 
nearest  alliance  among  living  forms.  The  genus  has  never  been  found 
fossil,  but  all  of  the  known  fossil  Cixiida  are  nearly  allied  to  it 


288 


TERTIARY  IN8K0T8  OF  NORTU  AMBttlCA. 


OlIAKUH?    LUTKN8I8. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  18. 

Tho  HpocioH  placud  lioro  proviHioiially  can  uortaiiily  not  belong  here,  as 
the  Hcutelhnn  ih  only  tricurlnate,  and  the  veintt  of  the  te^^ntina  are  Hmooth 
and  contuinonH.  Kvidently,  however,  it  comes  near  it,  to  judge  from  the 
course  of  the  venation.  The  head,  of  which  only  tho  part  lying  between  the 
eyes  is  preserved,  is  very  small  and  narrow,  little  prominent ;  the  thorax, 
not  properly  shown  in  the  plate,  transverse,  ecpial,  short,  angularly  bent,  so 
that  tho  base  of  the  scutellum  being  almost  as  strongly  angulate  as  its  tip, 
the  scutellum  is  diamond-shaped ;  it  has  three  very  delicate  carinic,  the 
lateral  ones  divergent.  The  tegmina  are  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  con- 
siderably surpassing  the  abdomen,  diaphanous,  with  a  dusky  roundish  spot 
just  below  the  costal  edge  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  two-thirds  ;  just  before 
it  tho  main  longitudinal  veins  first  fork  and  are  united  by  cross-veins  in  a 
zigzag  maimer,  and  they  again  fork  and  are  to  sonie  extent  again  united 
half  way  from  hero  to  the  tip. 

Length  of  body,  «"'"' ;  breadth  of  scutellum,  1.75""" ;  length  of  tegmina, 
7.25""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  112,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

Possibly  in  this  vicinity  should  bo  placed  the  wings  figured,  PI.  7,  Fig. 
10,  which  from  their  obscurity  an«l  because  of  their  being  longitudinally 
folded  I  am  unable  to  i)lace  definitely. 

DIAPLEGMA  gen.  nov.  {fiictTrXey fta). 

This  name  is  given  to  an  extinct  group  of  Cixiida  allied  to  Cixius  and 
Oliarns  with  peculiar  ncuration.  The  insects  are  small  and  slender  bodied, 
with  protuberant,  pointed  head,  arttennai  apparently  nmch  as  in  Liburnia, 
a  genus  of  Delplmcida,  long  and  slender  legs,  and  elongate  wings  largest 
in  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  or  even  third,  with  strongly  and  regularly 
rounded  apex.  The  sutura  clavi  is  very  long,  arul  tho  anal  veins  unite  in 
one  far  before  their  tip ;  the  radial  vein  forks  near  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
and  each  of  tho  forks  sends  at  its  tij)  a  cluster  of  two  or  three  curved  inde- 
pendent branches  to  the  costal  margin  far  out ;  the  two  ulnar  branches, 
which  separate  (dose  to  the  base  of  the  wing,  usually  fork  farther  out  than 
the  radial,  the  upper  branch  of  the  fork  of  the  upper  ulnar  vein  just  striking 


IlKMIPTKUA— IIOMOPTKIIA— KITLdORINA.  289 

tliu  apox  of  tliu  wing,  tliu  l«)wur  hrancli  urOnHiiig  tliu  iippur  brunch  of  tho 
fork  of  tlio  lowor  ulnar  vuin  and  ri>f(»rkin<;  lK)twoon  tho  forki4  of  tho  hitter  in 
n  Honiowliat  pucniiar  inannor,  HornutinicK  ronnertud  by  croHH-vuinH  to  tho 
](»w<>r  brunch  of  tlio  htwur  uhiar  fork  ;  tho  lowor  uhmi*  Itranch  forkH  a  little 
earlier  than  thu  upper  and  dir(*ctly  oppoHito  the  end  of  the  united  anal 
veiiiH.  Venation  of  hind  win;rH  ho  fur  as  Hoen  a  good  deal  aH  in  Ci.xiuH,  but 
the  forking  of  the  upper  veins  lieyond  the  croHH-veiuM  \»  8o  deep  uh  to  run 
fairly  tip  to  the«e  oroHH-veinH. 

Seven  Hpeuies  are  reeogin'zed  in  our  'I'ertiary  depoHitH. 

Table  of  Iht  ipeiiiet  of  Diuiilrgma. 

The  t'  'I  nmiii  lirmioliDii  of  the  ulnar  vein  fjrkInK  illHtliiutly  fitrthitr  out  than  the  flrnt  radliil  rnroation. 

Aihcal.  ritiliikl,  iinil  iiltiur  vehilotii  reiiuhinif  the  niur){li>.  twi'lvii  in  nnnihvr 1.  I),  haldemanl. 

Apival,  railiikl,  uml  nliiitr  velnlnlii  reurliinK  tli»  niitiKln  not  ovurten  In  nunil'or, 
Upper  nliiitr  hriknuh  diNtlnctly  tlUtnrhud  in  cnnrNo  at  its  llrHt  fnriMition. 

Kppxr  rori(  of  Inwer  nlnitr  v(*in  paiwing  in  noontlnnouk  nn<l  regular  curve  iiuroNii  tlie  upper 

ulnar  lirniiohei  tn  the  nmrKin 'i.  H.  reteraiceiit. 

Upper  forlc  of  lower  ulnar  vein  iuterrnpteil  in  itit  reguhtr  oouriio  when  it  nieutN  the  upper 

ulnar  liranchta II.  />,  ahiluotum. 

ITpiHir  ulnar  liriinoh  witli  itH  upper  fork  makiuK  u  eonllnuouN  or  alinoHt  oonlinuouH  line,  nnile- 
viatlng  in  conrite. 

'lV)(nilnn  nearly  three  tInieH  aH  long  ait  liruad 4,  />.  retierabilt, 

Te((niina  nearly  or  iinile  four  tIniuH  nit  lonK  ait  broad, 

CroHH-veinN  uniting  the  nltiar  lirancheit  eonsiderably  farther  from  tho  apex  of  the  wing 

than  the  breadth  of  the  win){  where  tliuy  iieunr 5,  0.  occullorum, 

CroK.t'VeinH  nnitliiK  the  ulnar  lirunvhoN  only  an  far  from  the  apex  of  the  wln({  at  the 

whitli  of  the  wiuK  where  tliey  ouoiir <>.  D.  ruinoiiim. 

The  lower  ulnar  vein  forkiu);  alnioitt  exactly  oppoHlte  tho  furcation  of  the  radial 7.  D.  olidormUum. 

1.    DiAPLKOMA   HALDKMANI. 

The  antennic  are  about  as  long  as  the  tricarinate  scutelluin.  Tho  teg- 
minn  are  alxmt  three  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  with  very  straight 
costa,  largest  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  third,  scarcely  narrt>wing  baseward 
The  radial  vein  forks  exactly  at  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  lower  ulnar 
l«ranch  at  8(»nio  distance  beyond;  the  upper  radial  branch  is  two,  the  lowor 
three  forkitd,  since  the  first  of  its  forks  again  subdivides.  Opposite  the 
furcation  of  the  upper  radial  branch  the  upper  ulnar  branch  forks  widely, 
its  tipper  branch,  an  tinusital  circumstance  and  perhaps  individual,  forking 
narrowly,  its  lower  crossing  to  the  center  of  the  l(»wer  ulnar  fork,  where  it 
divides  in  two,  the  upper  branch  again  forking,  but  there  is  no  connection 
with  the  lowernutst  ulna'"  nervule. 

Length  of  body,  4"'"';    of  tegmina,  4.1.5""";    width  of  same,  I.IS'""; 
leugtli  of  fore  tibi.-v,  1""";  tarsi,  0.4;")"'™. 
VOL  xm 19 


290 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOIITII  AMERICA. 


In  memory  of  the  pioneer  American  naturalist  and  pliilologiHt,  the  hite 
Samnel  Stehman  Haldeman,  Esq. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2237. 

2.    DiAPLEOMA   VETERASCENS. 

There  is  but  a  single  specimen  of  this  species,  but  in  it  one  of  tlie  teg- 
nnna  is  admirably  preserved.  These  are  a  little  niore  than  three  tiinos  as 
long  as  broad,  broadest  in  tlie  middle  of  the  apical  half,  before  which  they 
narrow  very  regularly  and  very  gently,  and  beyond  which  the  apex  is 
rather  sharply  rounded.  The  radial  vein  first  forks  at  just  about  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  the  lower  ulnar  at  some  distance  beyond  it ;  there  are  three 
clustered  forks  to  the  upper  radial,  two  to  the  lower,  and  the  cells  formed 
by  them  are  rather  slender  though  short.  Tlie  upper  ulnar  branch  and  its 
upper  fork  are  distinctly  bent  where  they  join,  and  the  lower  fork  crosses  to 
the  center  of  the  lower  ulnar  fork  and  there  divides  in  two,  without  con- 
tinuing to  the  lowermost  ulnar  nervule. 

Length  cfbody,  4  a'"'" :  tegmina,  4.2""";  width  of  same,  1.3°"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  lOGSO. 

3.    DiAPLEOMA    ABDIJCTUM. 

PI.  1.'.,  FiR.  8. 

The  tegmina  of  this  speciiis  are  less  than  tlu-ee  and  a  half  times  longer 
than  broad,  very  unitorinly  rounded  at  the  a})ex,  the  costal  and  inner  bor- 
ders almost  exactly  ])arallel  in  the  outer  half  before  the  tip  and  sti'aight. 
The  radial  vein  first  forks  at  just  about  the  nn'ddle  of  the  wing,  the  lower 
ulnar  scarcely  before  the  end  of  the  middle  tli'rd  ;  there  are  three  clustered 
forks  to  the  U|)|)er  radial,  the  last  one  very  strongly  arcuate  at  base,  but 
not  connected  ]»y  a  cn»ss-vein  to  the  lower  radial,  which  has  two  forks,  and 
all  their  cells  are  short  l)ut  slender.  'I'he  relation  f>f  the  ulnar  branches  to 
each  other  is  ix'culiar:  the  upper  ulnar  branch  is  simply,  synnnetrieally, 
and  n  MTowly  forked  as  far  beyond  the  end  of  the  middle  third  of  the  wing 
as  the  lower  ulnar  before  it ;  the  adjacent  forks  of  the  two  branches  are 
now  united  by  a  cross-vein  innnediatcly  beyond  the  furcation  of  the  n]>per 
ulnar,  the  two  forks  arc  angulated  at  the  point  of  touch,  and  this  cross-vein, 
slightly  shifted  outward,  runs  as  a  longitudinal  vein  through  the  niiddle  of 


nEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— PULGOBINA. 


291 


the  lower  ulnar  coll,  and  is  apparently  united,  immediately  after  its  depart- 
ure, to  the  lowermost  ulnar  branch  by  a  croas-vein  parallel  to  the  base  of 
the  upper  fork  of  the  lower  ulnar  branch. 

Len<,'th  of  body,  4.8""" ;  tegmina,  4.1™'" ;  breadth  of  latter,  1.25""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  319. 

4.    DiAPLEGMA  VENEBABILE. 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  snow,  one  a  side,  the  other  a  dorsal, 
view.  The  tegmina  are  nearly  three  timas  as  long  as  broad,  the  costal  bor- 
der more  than  usually  arcuate,  wliich  has  the  effect  of  shortening  the  wing. 
The  radial  vein  first  forks  well  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  the  lower 
ulnar  branch  only  a  little  beyond  the  middle ;  the  upper  radial  is  three, 
the  lower  two-branched,  the  cells  made  by  them  moderately  broad.  The 
upper  ulnar  vein  runs  in  a  straight  line  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  oppo- 
site the  first  fork  of  the  upper  radial  branch  sends  a  cross-vein  to  tlie  upper 
fork  of  the  lower  ulnar  branch,  crossing  it  and  emitting  in  the  middle  of  the 
cell  of  the  latter  acoupleof  approximated  veins,  running  longitudinally,  but 
it  can  not  be  seen  to  continue  to  the  lowermost  fork  of  the  ulnar. 

Length  of  body,  .3.7.5""";  of  tegmina,  3.7'"'";  breadth  of  same,  1.2™"; 
length  of  hind  tibiiv,  1.3.')'""'. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Noa  2161,  4824. 

5.    DiAPLEGMA    OCCULTORUM. 

The  fore  femora  laterally  mesially  carinate.  Tegmina  nearly  four  times 
as  long  as  broad,  slightly  broader  on  the  apical  than  the  basal  half  The 
radial  lnMiiches  just  below  the  middle  of  the  wing,  its  branches  rather 
distant,  the  upi)er  three,  the  lo\/er  two-branched,  striking  the  costal  margin 
over  a  little  more  than  the  apical  fourth  of  tlio  wing.  The  ulnar  veins 
divide  close  to  the  base  of  the  wing  and  scarcely  diverge,  the  upper  braiu'h 
exactly  midway  bijtwoen  the  lower  branch  and  the  radial  vein,  and  scarcely 
or  not  at  all  disturbed  in  riiiuiing  straight  to  the  apex,  its  lower  member  act- 
ing more  as  a  <!ross-vein,  about  opposite  the  tip  of  the  sutura  clavi,  uniting 
it  to  the  up})er  fork  of  the  lower  branch,  and  crossing  in  a  bent  arcuate  line 
to  the  lower  fork,  omitting  midway  and  approximately  two  sul)forks,  and 
then  bending  upward  continues  distinctly  to  the  lower  fork.  All  the  veins 
with  long,  distant,  stiff  hairs  a  little  farther  apart  than  the  length  of  the  hairs. 


292 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Lenjrth  of  body,  4.2""";  teginimi,  3.8"™;  breadth  of  aame,  1""";  length 
of  fore  femora,  l"™;  fore  tibue,  1""";  fore  tarsi,  O.G""", 

Florissant.     T'lree  specimens,  Nos.  2706,  5394,  7326. 

6.    DiAPLKUMA    KIJIN08UM. 

A  single  specimen  and  its  rever.se  jjreserved  on  a  side  view  represent 
this  smallest  species  of  Diaplegma.  A  portion  of  the  nenration  is  obscure, 
but  it  is  otherwise  in  good  condition.  The  vertex  projects  but  very  slightly 
beyond  the  eyes.  The  tegniina  are  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  veins 
heavily  haired,  the  hairs  generally  set  nearer  together  than  their  length. 
The  forks  of  the  radial  branches  are  exceptionally  short  and  broad,  and  the 
cross-veins  uniting  the  ulnar  branches  unusually  far  out.  almost  farther  out 
than  the  bas«l  fork  of  the  upper  radial  branch ;  radial  lirst  forking  at  about 
the  middle  of  the  wing.  Hind  tibijie  and  the  basal  two  joints  of  hind  tarsi 
armed  beneath  with  Ji  pair  of  stout,  not  very  long,  black-tipped  spines;  first 
joint  of  tarsi  equaling  the  next  two,  the  middle  one  very  l)rief. 

Length  of  body,  3.7;")'""';  tegmina,  4.3"'"';  width  of  same,  1.0.5""": 
length  of  fore  femora,  1.2""";  tibiiv,  O.S""";  tarsi,  0.45"'"';  hind  femora, 
l.!™"';  tibiii",  1.5"'";  tarsi,  0.9""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  Gil  and  4558. 

7     DlAPLEGMA   OBDORMITUM. 

The  specimen  re))re.senting  this  species  is  not  so  well  and  continuously 
preserved  as  the  otiiers  of  the  genus,  but  ditl'ers  from  them  in  one  or  two 
important  points.  The  tegmiiia  are  .slightly  more  than  three  times  longer 
than  broad;  the  most  ])e»'uliar  feature  is  the  late  division  of  the  radial  vein, 
which  is  only  at  a  distance  from  the  tip  etjual  to  the  breadth  of  the  wing, 
and  almost  exactly  opposite  the  normal  division  of  the  lower  ulnar  branch 
or  opposite  tlu'  tin  of  *iie  anal  vein,  while  the  arrangement  of  the  subordi- 
nate reticidation  and  iVrcation  of  the  ulnar  area  is  almost  the  same  as  that 
of  1)  occiiltorum.  The  l)roken  state  of  both  wings  does  not  certainly  show 
how  the  radial  vein  is  divided,  which  it  would  be  interesting  to  know  on 
acciKuit  of  its  early  character;  but  it  would  appear  as  if  the  tip  of  the 
uppermost  ulnar  fork  curved  upward,  which  with  the  late  furcation  of  the 
radial  and  the  absence  of  any  bra  idling  in  the  area  preserved  would  indi- 
cate that  its  ultimat(>  l)ranches  mii  b(*  many  fewer  than  in  the  other  species. 
Length  of  i),»dv.  r";  t(!gniiiia.  4""";  breadth  of  same,  1.25""". 
Green  lliver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  127,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 


IlEMiriliKA— HOMOPTEBA— FULGORINA. 


293 


OLIA  RITES  gen.  nov.  (Oliarua). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  an  insect  formerly  placed  by  me  in  Mne- 
mosyne, one  of  the  Dictyopharida,  but  which  a  renewed  ^tudy  seems  to 
show  to  belong  in  the  vicinity  of  Oliarus,  among  the  Cixiida.  The  head 
was  apparently  not  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  perhaps  much 
narrower.  The  thorax  was  transverse,  equal,  arcuate,  into  which  the  pretty 
large  subtriangular  scutellum  with  its  convex  base  fitted.  The  tegmina 
were  wholly  dia  ^'nanous,  very  greatly  surpassing  the  abdomen,  enlarging 
apically  with  slight,  fine,  but  smooth  and  in  no  respect  arenaceous  veins,  all 
the  longitudinal  veins  connected  near  the  middle  of  the  wing,  but  not  in  a 
line,  with  the  cros.s- veins,  at  or  beyond  which  each  of  them 'forked  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent,  the  forks,  at  least  in  the  upper  half  of  the  wing, 
upcurved  on  approaching  the  margin,  where  they  are  again  forked  and 
united  by  many  cross-veins,  so  that  the  wing  becomes  weakly  reticulate 
shortly  before  the  margin. 

Olurites  tebrentula. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  17. 

Mnemosyne  terrentula  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.   Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  773  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  with  an  indistinct  body,  broken  in 
front,  and  the  greater  part  of  one  of  the  tegmina.  The  body  is  moderately 
broad  ovate,  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  rounded  and  slightly  produced.  The 
tegmina  are  regularly  enlarged  toward  the  apex  and  rounded  at  the  ex- 
tremity, not  at  all  truncate ;  the  interior  branch  of  the  radial  vein  forks  near 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  just  beyond  the  first  snbapical  transverse 
vein  ;  both  its  branches  fork  before  they  have  passed  more  than  half-way  to 
the  marginal  row  of  elongate  cells. 

Estimated  length  of  body,  ()..')"•"' ;  breadth  of  same,  2.25""" ;  length  of 
tegmina,  7'"'" ;  breadtli  of  same,  2.25°"" ;  their  extent  beyond  the  abdomen, 
2.2'""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming     One  specimen.  No.  31''  (F.  C.  A.  Richardson). 

FLORISSANTIA  gen.  nov.  (Florissant,  nom.  loc). 

This  interesting  genus  appe.ars  to  be  allied  to  Cladodiptera,  with  very 
nearly  the  same  general  neuration  of  the  tegmina,  but  differs  strikingly 
from  it  in  the  much  narrower  head.     The  head  is  only  half  as  broad  as  th  a 


294 


TERTIARY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


thorax,  and,  as  viewed  above,  the  eyes  make  up  one-half  of  this  narrow 
part ;  the  front  projects  abruptly  in  front  of  the  eyes  by  one-third  their 
length,  is  well  rounded  anteriorly  with  brief  ]):irallel  sides ;  the  eyes  are 
moderately  larjje,  not  very  tumid.  Tiie  thorax  is  transverse,  arruate,  equal, 
short;  the  scutellum  very  larjje,  triangular,  pointed,  with  nearly  straight 
but  slightly  arcuate  sides,  attenuating  the  apex.  Legs  sleiuler,  the  hind 
tibiie  armed  externally  with  three  distant  prominent  spines.  Tegmina 
membranous,  ample,  the  longitudinal  veins  first  forking  about  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  the  radial  here  dividing  into  two  branches,  which  throw  many 
apical  branches  to  the  costal  margin  at  and  beyond  a  pterostigma ;  the 
ulnar  branches,  a  little  farther  on,  subdivide  into  many  forks,  connected 
at  their  origin  by  cross- veins,  and  most  of  these  forks,  without  another  series 
of  cross-veins  (such  as  occur  in  Cladodiptera),  again  divide  shortly  before 
the  apex.  Abdomen  broad,  abruptly  tapering  apically  to  a  bluntly  pointed 
tip. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


Florissantia  kleoans. 
PI.  19,  Pig.  12. 

Two  specimens  with  their  reverses  present  a  very  fair  vie'v  of  this 
delicately  veined  insect,  but  the  one  figured  does  not  show  the  head.  The 
body,  shaped  like  that  of  a  diminutive  (>icada,  is  of  a  uniform  dark  color 
with  pale  abdominal  incisures;  the  thorax  is  minutely  and  distantly  punc- 
tate ;  the  .scut(;llum  finely  sulcate  down  the  middle ;  the  legs  are  slender  and 
apjjarently  longitudinally  streaked  with  pale,  and  the  tibial  spines  are  black. 
The  tegmina  are  alnnit  three  times  as  long  as  liroad,  the  j)terostigma  situated 
just  before  the  middle  of  the  apical  half,  rounded,  subcpuulrate,  a  little  longer 
than  deep  ;  the  cross-veins  uniting  the  longitudinal  sei'ies  are  mostly  oppo- 
site the  proximal  end  of  the  pterostigma,  and  the  apical  forks  of  the  longi- 
tudinal veins  are  about  as  long  as  the  pterostigma. 

Length  of  body,  12..')""°;  breadth  at  base  of  abdomen,  4.6'""';  breadth 
of  head  between  the  eyes,  0.8.")"'"' ;  length  of  tegmina,  1 2.25"'"' ;  hind  femora, 
3""";  hind  tibia-,  .')..")""". 

Flori.ssant.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  1.104  and  LTf)!,  1.783  and  1.789, 
rrinceton  Collection. 


HEMIPTEltA— HOMOPTEUA— FULGOEINA. 


295 


Subfamily  DELPHAOIDA  Stal. 

The  only  European  fossil  insect  hitherto  referred  to  this  group  is  a 
species  from  Aix  referred  by  Curtis  to  Asiraca,  to  which  seven  years  later 
Giebel  gave  the  specific  name  tertiaria,  and  Heer  that  of  obscuruni,  refer- 
ring it  to  Cicadellites,  one  of  the  Mcntl  .  acida.  In  America,  besides  an 
obscure  species  referred  to  Delphax,  we  have  an  extraordinary  insect,  with 
a  very  strange  type  of  neuration,  from  British  Columbia. 

DELPHAX  Fabricius. 

A  single  fossil  has  been  referred  to  this  generic  group,  but  only  in  its 
wide  sense  as  typical  of  the  subfamily. 

Delphax  senilis. 


PI.  5,  Fig.  95. 

Delphax  senilit  Sciiild.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Qeol.  Qeogr.  Snrv,  Terr.,  Ill,  700  (1877). 

A  fairly  preserved  specimen  with  spread  wings,  but  with  almost  no 
characteristic  sculpture.  The  head  and  exjjosed  part  of  thorax  are  blackish ; 
the  rest  of  the  body  and  the  wings,  especially  the  tegmina,  dusky.  The 
head  is  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax  and  short.  The  thorax  is 
broad  and  rounded,  and  the  body  nearly  equal,  though  enlarging  slightly 
posteriorly.  The  tegmina  are  slightly  narrower  and  considerably  longer 
than  the  body,  equal,  and  at  the  tip  broadly  rounded  ;  they  show  no  trace 
of  neuration,  but  the  preservation  of  the  whole  is  perhaps  too  obscure  to 
expect  it.  The  wings  are  a  little  shorter  than  the  tegmina,  crumpled  and 
folded,  and  show  a  few  longitudinal  veins,  and  others,  which,  from  the 
nature  of  the  preservation,  can  not  be  traced.  Legs  and  appendages  of  the 
head  are  wanting. 

Length  of  body,  2"""  ;  tegmina,  2.4""'. 

White  River  (probably  Chagrin  Valley,  Colorado;  possibly  Fossil 
Cafton,  Utah).    One  specimen,  W.  Denton. 


296 


TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTII  AMEUIOA. 


PLANOPHLEBIA  Sciuldor  {7r\dyo?,  <pX^ip). 

Planophlebia  Somld.,  Hop.  Progr.  tJmil.  Siirv.  Can.,  H77-187d,  »,  1H5-180  (l(J7l»). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  ii  genus  of  Fulgorina  apparently  belonginfr 
to  tlie  Delpliacida,  but  ditferinjr  from  all  Homoptera  I  have  seen  in  the 
remarkable  trend  of  the  principal  veins  of  the  tej^niina,  nearly  all  ofwhichi 
and  certainly  all  the  branches  of  the  radial,  as  well  as  most  of  the  branches 
of  the  ulnar  vein,  terminate  upon  the  costal  margin,  the  costal  areole  being 
very  brief,  or  less  than  one-third  the  length  of  the  tegmina.  The  radial 
vein  branches  very  near  the  base  of  the  teguiina,  and  its  lower  branch  again 
a  very  little  way  beyond,  all  three  of  the  branches  running  in  a  straight 
course  parallel  to  one  another,  and  embracing  at  tip  the  middle  third  of  the 
margin.  Tlie  ulnar  vein  forks  near  the  outer  branching  of  the  radial  vein, 
the  upper  branch  soon  dividing  again,  the  lower  dividing  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  tegmina,  all  the  branches  running  parallel  to  those  of  the  radial  vein. 

I  know  of  no  homopteron  the  veins  of  whose  tegmina  trend  as  in  this 
genus;  indeed  it  appears  to  be  quite  abnormal  in  this  particular.  Nor  can 
Mr.  Uhler,  to  whom  I  submitted  a  drawing,  find  any  form  whose  branched 
veins  run  toward  the  costal  margin  ;  but  I  have  in  vain  attem})ted  to  believe 
that  I  have  interchanged  the  two  margins  of  the  tegmina  In  point  of  neu- 
ration  the  tegmina  approach  most  closely,  as  Mr.  Uhler  has  pointed  out  to 
me,  to  those  of  Amphiscepa  bivittata  (Say),  but  even  from  this  it  differs 
widely. 

Planophlebia  oioantea. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  10. 
rianojiklfbia gigantea  8<iuld.,  Kep.  Progr.  Gool.  Siirv.  Can.,  1877-187ct,  B,  186  (187l>). 

The  specimen  is  very  fragmentary,  consisting  of  an  np})er  wing,  of 
which  the  whole  of  the  costal  border  as  far  as  the  tip,  and  tlio  basal  half  of 
the  inner  margin,  can  be  made  out ;  but  oidy  three  patches  of  the  surface 
with  its  accompanying  veins  are  preserved — a  piece  ne.xt  the  base,  crossing 
tlie  wing ;  another  near  the  middle,  which  crosses  rather  more  tiian  three- 
quarteis  of  it  from  the  ct>stal  margin  backward ;  and  a  greatly  broken 
patch  at  the  tipper  half  of  the  tip;  but  from  tlie.se  i)ieces  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  nt'uration,  as  given  in  the  generic  description,  can  be  determined. 
Tiie  costal  vein  appears  to  be  ibrketl  do.se  to  the  ba.se,  with  branches  run- 
ning close  and  subpurallel  to  each  other.  There  are  five  ])ranches  of  the 
ulnar  vein,  terminating  above  the  middle  of  the  apical  margin  of  the  teg- 


HEMIPTKKA— nOMOPTEKA— FULOOKINA. 


397 


mina,  but  below  that  the  veins  are  wholly  obliterated.  The  sutura  clavi 
must  be  very  brief  (as  wo  Hhould,  perhaps,  expect  it  to  be  in  a  wing  with 
so  short  a  costal  areole),  since  no  sign  of  it  appears  on  the  basal  patch ;  it 
must  terminate  before  the  branching  of  the  ulnar  vein.  The  tegmina  are  of 
very  large  size,  the  costal  margin  regulavly  and  gently  arched,  the  inner 
margin  almost  straight,  and  the  apex  very  regularly  convex,  at  least  on  the 
upper  half. 

Length  of  fragment,  23.75™"' ;  estimated  length  of  the  tegmina,  25°"" ; 
breadth  in  middle,  9.5""". 

Similkameen  River,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  77,  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Canada,  by  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson. 


Subfamily  ACHILIDA  Stai. 

No  fossils  have  heretofore  been  referred  to  this  subfamily,  and  it  is 
with  doubt  that  a  single  species  from  Colorado  is  here  regarded  as  a  mem- 
ber of  it. 

ELIDIPTERA  Spinola. 

A  singte  species  doubtfully  referred  here  has  been  discovered  in  the 
Oligocene  of  Florissant. 

Elidipteka  regularis. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  13. 

This  curiously  veined  insect  would  appear  to  fall  in  the  neighborhood 
of  this  genus.  The  whole  of  the  neuration  can  not  be  made  out,  but  the 
longitudinal  veins  are  few  and  distant  and  apparently  wholly  unconnected 
by  cross-veins  until  just  before  the  apical  margin  where  the  cross-veins 
form,  with  apparently  the  tip  of  tlie  radial  nervure,  a  continuous  vein  which 
approaches  the  margin  in  the  outer  half  of  the  wing,  then  curves  and  fol- 
lows subparallel  to  the  outer  margin,  with  wliich  it  is  connected  by  equi- 
distant veins  forming  apical  cells  but  little  longer  than  broad,  excepting  at 
the  costal  margin,  where  the  vein  diverges  from  tlie  border  and  the  connect- 
ing veins  become  very  oblique.  The  legs  are  slender,  stiff,  and  straight, 
the  hind  tibitc  unarmed,  the  hind  tarsi  delicately  and  very  briefly  spined  at 
the  tip  of  each  joint. 

Length  of  body,  4.25"'";  breadth,  1.5'""';  length  of  tegmina,  4""°;  of 
hind  tibiiv,  1.1'""'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  I278''y. 


398 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTD  AMERICA. 


SiibfUmily    UICANIII>A  Stal. 

A  speciua  of  Ricaniii  Idih  been  described  by  Giebel  from  amber ; 
besides  this  the  only  fossils  possibly  referable  to  this  {jroup  are  those  n>en- 
tioned  below,  one  of  them  of  extraordinary  character,  so  that  in  all  proba-" 
bility  it  should  more  properly  l)e  referred  to  a  distinct  subfamily,  so}j;roatly 
does  it  differ  from  all  Fuljyorina  in  the  multiplicity  of  the  ])rincipal  longi- 
tudinal veins  at  the  base  of  the  wing,  the  branching  of  the  veins  of  the 
cinvus  and  the  irregular  reticulation  of  part  at  least  of  the  corium. 

HAMMAITERYX  gen.  nov.  {a^na,  Trripv/i). 

Tegmina  exceptionally  broad,  subtriangular,  with  strongly  rounded 
apex,  produced  more  above  than  below.  Costal  margin  somewhat  arched 
at  the  base,  the  costal  vein  distant  from  it,  ruiniing  into  it  considerably 
beyond  the  middle  (where  it  turns  rapidly  upward),  and  connected  with  it 
by  numerous  oblique  veins.  Radial  vein  forked  at  the  base  of  the  wing, 
and  each  branch  again  dividing  before  the  middle,  all  the  offshoots  of  the 
upper  and  the  upper  offshoot.s  of  the  U  wer  branch  with  a  strong  superior 
nrctuition  at  the  tip  of  the  costal  vein,  gi^'ing  the  wing  a  knotty  aj)pearanco. 
Ulnar  vein  also  divided  at  base,  each  of  its  branches  immediately  divid- 
ing and  again  a  second  time  at  or  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  while 
both  radial  and  ulnar  nervules  still  farther  subdivide  so  that  nudtitudiiious 
veinlets  reach  the  border;  they  tire  further  united  intimately  by  three  series 
of  cross-veins  like  the  gradate  veiidets  of  Hemerobidsc  among  Ncuroptera, 
but  here  subparallel  to  the  outer  margin,  one  .set,  the  weakest  and  short- 
est, in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  tiie  second  and  third  series  on  either  side  of 
the  middle  of  the  outer  half,  but  distant  from  each  other.  The  anal  ai'ea 
is  occupied  by  delicately  and  longitudinally  branching  veins,  which 
nowhere  tend  to  unite  apically.  •  -  • 

Hammapteryx  keticulata. 
PI.  0,  Fig.  .■J4. 

A  pair  of  tegmina  of  which  only  the  upper  third  is  shown  in  one  of 
them,  while  the  other  is  nearly  perfect.  The  two  outer  series  of  cro.ss-veins 
are  equidistant  in  the  upper  half  of  the  wing,  but  below  it  approach  each 
other  by  the  gradual  removal  of  the  outci-  away  from  the  border,  the  middle 
series  being  parallel  to  the  border  in  this  part  of  the  wing.     Within  this 


II  EM  1 1'TBBA— IlOMOl'TKB  A— FULOOUINA. 


299 


■' 


middle  Hories  of  doHiiitoly  nrran^ed  cro88-vcina  all  tlio  longitudinal  veinu 
and  their  branches  avo  united  by  cross- vol ns  all  the  way  to  the  base;  these 
are  straight  and  transverse  except  between  the  costal  and  upper  radial  veins, 
where  the  wing  is  more  or  less  reticulate.  The  wing  is  more  or  less  fuligi- 
nous, with  two  small,  faint,  round,  pale  spotb  on  the  costal  border  on  either 
side  of  the  curious  arcuation  of  the  veins. 

Length  of  tegmina,  11.5""';  breadth,  6.3""°. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  117,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

Subfamily  FLAT  IDA   St&l. 

Gravenhorst  and  Burmeister  have  both  reported  species  of  Flata  as 
found  in  amber,  but  none  were  described  or  mentioned  by  Germar  in 
Berendt's  great  work,  neither  have  any  been  reported  from  the  rocks.  The 
genus  Lithopsis,  however,  which  I  formerly  regarded  as  one  of  the  Tropi- 
duchida,  appears  to  belong  here,  the  two  anal  veins  in  the  clavus  being  dis- 
tinctly separated  throughout.  I  have  now  another  species  to  add  to  that 
first  described. 

LITHOPSIS  Scudder  (A/'0o?,  o^/?). 

Lithoiisii  SoHdd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Gool.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  IV,  773  (1878). 

Body  oblong,  stout,  and  apparently  cylindrical  anteriorly,  tapering 
and  probably  compressed  posteriorly.  Head  broad  and  short,  the  front 
liv/t  produced  beyond  the  eyes,  broad,  transverse,  very  gently  convex. 
The  united  thorax  and  scutellum  of  about  eqiuil  length  and  breadth.  Teg- 
mina surpassing  considerably  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  two  or  three  times  as 
long  as  broad,  beyond  the  middle  barely  tapering,  the  sides  subequal,  the 
apex  roun'h^d,  the  costal  margin  gently  convex;  margino-costal  area  broad, 
broadening  regularly  toward  the  apex,  and  throughout  its  length  traversed 
by  very  frecjuent  transverse  veinlets,  which  become  more  and  more  oblique 
toward  the  apex  of  the  tegmina,  where  they  are  supplanted  by  the  similarly 
close  branches  of  the  longitudinal  veins ;  these  are  united  at  the  origin  of 
the  forks  by  transverse  veins  in  continuity  with  the  costa  itself.  The  radial 
vein  is  branched  at  the  base  of  the  tegmina,  the  inner  ulnar  vein  at  some 
distance  before  the  ntiddle  of  the  wing,  and  both  branches  of  this  vein  and 
the  lower  branch  of  the  radial  vein  fork  again  at  half  the  distance  from  the 
first  fork  of  the  inner  ulnar  vein  to  the  tip  of  the  wing,  but  they  are  not 
connected  at  this  point  by  transverse  veins.    Wings  as  long  as  the  tegmina. 


300 


TEKTIAUY  INSKCTS  OK  NOKTII  AMEUICA. 


This  (runiiH  ruiuindrt  ono  of  tlio  South  Amoriciin  ^oiiuh  AlceHtiH  Still,  hut 
diHerH  decidudly  iVoin  it  in  tliu  form  of  tlio  to^riaina,  the  iibHenco  of  ohliquo 
inferior  rnnuili  to  the  inner  ulntir  vein,  tlio  coiirHo  of  the  anal  voinH,  and  the 
Hlriicturoof  the  head. 

ruble  of  thu  nprciti  of  lAthopiii. 

T«|{iiiiiiit  lem  tlikti  tlin'K  t linen  nit  Idiik  uh  liroud I.  L.  flmhriala, 

T«Kniiua  iiiuru  tbaii  tbroe  tiiiioit  um  h  ng  itH  liriiuti it.  L.  tloHgata. 

1.    L1THOP8I8    KIHHRIATA. 
ri.  0,  Fig8.  30,  ;{7. 

LUIinpiU  /Imbriiila  8ciiil<I.,  Bull.  U.  3.  Unol.  Ui<n'^r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  774  (1H78)  ;  in  2itt«1,  Hand)).  t\. 

I'liliionI     I,  ii,  7HI,  Fig.  !)H9(lHfr.). 

A  t«)leraljly  well-preserved  Hpecimen,  with  ha  reverse,  together  with 
the  fnignient  of  a  wing,  are  the  ])rin(;i])al  basis  for  this  species.  The  vertex 
between  the  eyes  is  more  than  twice  the  width  of  the  eyes,  and  is  marked  by  a 
slight,  median,  longitudinal  carina;  the  front  of  the  vertex  is  nearly  straight, 
does  not  protrude  beyond  the  eyes,  but  is  retracted  next  them,  making  it  very 
broadly  convex.  The  thorax  is  considei'ably  broader  than  the  head,  but  the 
condition  of  the  specimens  does  not  allow  a  more  definite  statement.  The 
tegniina  are  the  best  preserved  remains  of  the  animal,  being  perfect,  although 
somewhat  obscure,  partly  from  uie  veins  of  the  underlying  wings  ;  they  are 
more  than  two  and  a  lialf  times  longer  than  broad,  the  costal  margin, 
especially  its  basal  half,  ntoderately  curved,  the  conniiissural  margin  almost 
perfectly  straight,  the  apex  slightly  and  obliquely  subtruncate,  so  as  to 
throw  its  well-rounded  apex  below  the  middle;  near  its  extremity  the  mar- 
gino-costal  field  occupies  more  than  a  third  of  the  breadth  of  the  tegniina, 
being  double  its  width  near  the  Ijase  ;  the  first  branching  of  the  inner  uluar 
vein  is  as  far  from  the  apex  of  the  tegmina  as  the  second  branching  is  from 
the  base;  and  the  third  branching,  where,  and  where  only,  the  longitudinal 
veins  are  luiited  by  cross-nervure.s,  is  midway  between  the  second  branching 
and  the  apex ;  clo.se  to  the  apical  margin  there  is  an  inconspicuous  fourth 
series  of  furcations. 

Length  of  body,  9""° ;  of  tegmina,  !»  75"""  ;  breadth  of  the  same  in  the 
middle,  3.65"'"' ;  next  the  third  branching  of  the  longitudinal  veins,  3.25""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  143"  (F.  C  A.  Rich- 
ardson), 4185  and  41«}>  (S.  II.  Scudder),  118  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


4 


HKMIPTKUA-IIOMOI'TKKA— I'HJMJORINA. 


801 


2.   LiTHOPHIH   KLONOATA. 
PI.  6,  FiR.  28. 

A  Hiiiglo  Olio  of  tlio  to^'iiiiia  \h  proHurved.  It  (lifFurH  from  that  of  tlio 
precodiiij''  HpecioH  by  Ita  fur  gruater  Hlondurness,  lining  coiiHiderably  iiionj 
than  thrco  timcH  an  long  as  broad  ;  tho  costal  margin  i«  strongly  Hhouldi'i'od 
at  the  base,  and  boyond  in  very  gently  and  faintly  concave,  the  apex  well 
rounded  as  in  L  fimbriata;  the  marginal  area  <>f  final  division  of  tho  hmgi- 
tmliiial  veins  is  relatively  much  broader  than  in  the  preceding  species,  and 
the  principal  veins  are  more  longitudinal  and  less  oblique. 

Length  of  tegmina,  !»'""';  breadth  in  middle,  2.7.^^.""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  1)0,  Prof.  L.  A.  Loe. 

FICARASITP^S  gen.  nov.  (Ficara.sa,  iiom.  gen.). 

This  name  is  given  to  an  insect  which  apparent'y  l)elongsin  this  family 
in  the  neighliorhood  of  Walker's  genera  Darada.x,  K|»ora,  and  Ficarasa, 
and  especially  the  last  named,  but  from  whose  imperfect  condition  little 
more  can  be  said.  The  costal  area  of  the  tegmina  is  narrow  but  supplied 
regularly  with  rather  numerous  obli(pie  veins.  The  radial  vein  is  scarcely 
branched,  the  ulnar  divided  near  tho  base  of  tho  wing,  the  upper  branch 
again  in  the  basal  half  and  both  at  the  middle  of  the  wing,  beyond  which 
there  are  further  subdivisions  ;  cross-veins  very  few. 


\ 


FiCARASITKS    8TIOMATICUM. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  20. 

The  specimen  representiii".;;  this  insect  was  so  macerated  in  final  depo- 
sition that  the  jiarts  are  separated,  crumpled,  and  overlaid,  an>l  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  make  out  tho  whole  of  any  one  organ.  Apparently  the  body  and 
the  tegmina  were  each  about  10"""  long.  Tho  latter  were  furnished  with  a 
very  small  blacki.sli  fuliginous  stigma  at  the  tip  of  the  costal  vein  at  about 
the  (id  of  the  middle  third  of  the  wing ;  the  apical  half  of  tho  wing  was 
abundantly  supplied  with  cross-veins. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  144,  Prof.  L  A.  Leo. 


.i'i 


\ 

\-\ 


302 


TKIITIAUY  INHKcmS  OP  NOHTII  AMKRICA. 


i|i 


I 


Family  JASSIDES  Amyot-Serville. 

With  only  iv  Minjjlo  oxci-ptioii  nil  tlio  fosHil  HpcrioH  of  tluH  family  tlint 
Imvo  1)0('M  r(u*oj»'ni/(>(l  in  Tortiiiry  (IcjMmitH  of  iiiiy  l^iiiil  liiivu  boon  dmwn 
from  tlio  Hiiltfamily  JiiHsidii  as  Stiil  noparatoH  tliom.  Tliirt  Ih  oqitally  true 
wlion  wo  oxtoiid  tlio  ground  to  Amorica,  wliirli  pohmohsch  half  as  many 
H|)oci(>ri  as  Kdi'opo,  and  Ih  tlio  nioro  i'*>n)arl<al>1o  Hinco  thc^  McMnliracida,  now 
Hni'h  a  provailin^T  typo  in  North  Amorica,  is  nowhoro  tracod  in  tlio  rocks, 
tlioMfjh  in  Knropo  a  siri^jlo  Ooniiifjcn  spocioH,  imporft'ctly  prosorvod,  has 
boon  roforrod  lion*  by  Ilcor.  So,  too,  tlio  vast  proportion  of  forms  in  both 
worlds  bclonfj:*  to  the  sorics  allied  to  .Fassiis  and  Hythoscopiis,  and  not  to 
that  of  wliioli  'IV'tfiffoiiia  is  tlio  typo,  so  that  tho  rosoinl>lanot!  of  tho  Tertiary 
fauna  in  tho  two  worlds  is  iiotsli;jht,  tlioiij>'h  tho  samo  gonera  appoar  rarely 
to  bo  proserved. 

TKTTKiONIA  Kabricins. 

This  ^jonns,  oxcossivoly  abundant  in  existinjf  sjiocios,  ospecially  in  the 
tropios  of  tho  Now  World,  lias  not  boon  rooofj^nizod  in  tho  Teitiarios  of 
Eiiropo.  A  sin},''lo  spocios  from  Wliito  Rivor,  Colorado,  has  been  referred 
bore,  but  its  generic  atHiiitios  are  wludly  nnc(!rtain.  Not  so,  however,  with 
the  ones  now  added  from  Green  River,  Wyoming,  and  Florissant,  C»dorado, 
which  are  unmistakable  members  of  the  genus,  at  least  in  the  broad  sense 
in  which  Sigiiorot  employed  it.  Their  presence  in  Florissant  and  Wyoming 
is  in  keeping  with  the  tropical  or  subtropical  aspect  of  tho  Tertiary  insect 
fauna  of  these  places. 

Table  of  the  upreien  of  TitUyonia, 

I.i)ri;<'r  Npcrii's;  ti'i;inin:i  iiriiainciitfil  with  n  liroati  (l»rk  Imiid  itrniiiid  tlio  apical  iiinrKin  but  with  iin 

oroMN  IidikIh I.  T.  princomargiHata. 

Siiialhtr  N|ii'ri*>N  ,  li-jriiiiim  with  iio  liron<l  aiiii'iil  iiiar^iiiiil  bund  but  with  iliNtinvl  criiBN  biiiidH, 

I<;iN,'il  lijiirnf  ti':>iniiiii  with  a  liriind,  ilurk,  niciliiiii  Htrcjik  its  Piitiri*  length 'i,  7°.  priicotiurta. 

Mcdiiiii  Nlnuk  nl' ti'Kiiiiint  not  fXtendiiiK  bttyoiid  tlir  liiiHiil  foiirtli :i,  T.  prinovaririjata. 

.*,  Till'  rmirtli  Hpi'c'ii'H,  from  ilH  iin|i«rlut'tioii,  iH  not  beru  nf>l()d. 

1.    TkTTJGO.NIA    IMM-SCOMAUaiNATA. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  4. 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  with  partially  expanded  tegmina. 
A  species  is  iiidiciiteil  of  about  the  size  of  our  Aulacipos  irroratus  Fabr.  sp., 
aiKi  with  a  head  of  proljablv  the  same  form.  The  head  is  scarcely  shorter 
than  the  traii.sverse  thorax,  and  the  tegmina  are  fully  three  times  as  long  U8 


IlEMirTKKA-IlUMOI'TKHA— .lASHIDEK. 


803 


lirond.  Tho  siounition  (1o»>h  not  hIiow  chmrly ;  tlioro  U  no  diniiniitioii  in 
brondtli  lutfimt  tlio  riipidly  roiiiidi'd  ii|>ux ;  tlio  to^iuiMii  ii|i|i(>iit'  to  liavo  been 
cloiir  and  li^lit  colored  on  tlio  diHk  hnt  lm»adly  olm(>nr(Ml  at  hum,  at  tlio 
niarjrins,  ami  alon^  tlio  principal  voinH,  an<l  on  tlic  apical  third  broadly 
niar((inc(l  thron^lioiit  with  brownish  t'nli^rintMiH,  fading*  gradually  baHally. 
Lonjfth  of  head  and  thorax,  'AJ}""" ;  tcgniinn,  !>""" ;  broadth  of  latter, 

O  7r,min 

Oroon  Uivor,  Wyoming.     Ono  Hpocinion,  Nos.  34  and  35,  Prof  L.  A 
Loe. 

2.   TeTTIOONIA    I'KIHCOTINCTA. 

r\.  10,  v\g. ». 

Head,  as  viowod  froni  abovo,  roiindud,  subtritingiilar,  the  front  strongly 
convex,  tho  ocelli  Hituated  on  the  vertex,  tho  surface  of  the  head  and  thorax 
uniform,  tho  Hcutelluni  roundly  angnlated  liehind.  Togniina  barely  njach- 
ing  tho  tip  of  tho  ab(h>men,  pale  with  bold  dark  markings,  as  follows  :  A 
broad  sulH*<jual  stripe  foll'-ws  tho  outer  edge  of  the  sutura  clavi  to  the  mid- 
dle of  tho  wing,  will. re  it  unites  faintly  with  a  narrow  stripe  which  has  fol- 
lowed the  conunissural  margin  to  tho  tip  of  the  sutura  clavi  and  distinctly 
and  broadly  with  a  small  round  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin ; 
tho  markings  on  tho  outer  half  of  the  wing  are  somewhat  irregular,  but  may 
best  bo  described  as  taking  tho  form  of  a  broad  and  rude  X,  ono  bar  run- 
ning froni  tho  center  of  the  wing,  just  out  of  contact  with  the  basal  mai'h- 
ings,  to  tho  lower  apex  of  the  wing  whoro  the  margin  is  clouded  with  fulig- 
inous, tho  other  crossing  the  whole  wing  oldiquoly  and  recurved  on  the 
costal  margin.  I  do  not  fiiul  any  existing  species  with  markings  at  all  sim- 
ilar, the  nearest  approach  being  that  of  T.  bella  Walker  from  Silhet. 

Length  of  body,  7.7r)""" ;  breadth  of  head,  2""";  of  abdomen,  2  5"""; 
length  of  togmina,  C»""" ;  breadth,  2"'™. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  7(!28,  r299(). 

3.    TkTTIUONIA    I'KISCOVAKIEOATA. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  of  which  only  one  of  the  togmina  nmy 
certainly  bo  claimed  for  the  species.  This  is  very  long  and  slender,  three 
and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  in  tho  apical  fifth  tapering  rapidly  to 
the  rounded  tip  which  is  in  the  middle  of  the  inner  half  of  the  tegmina ;  it 
is  |)alo  with  blackish  brown  markings,  which  consist,  first,  of  a  narrow  mar- 


il 


304 


TKltTIARY  JNSECTS  OF  NOI'TEI  AMKKICA. 


|!!! 


gill  around  the  entire  wing,  broader  on  the  costal  than  the  inner  margin, 
and,  second,  of  a  series  of  spots  connected  with  the  margin:  a  small  quad- 
rangular spot  longer  than  broad  on  tlio  inner  margin  next  the  tip  of  the 
scutellar  margin ;  opposite  it  a  corniform  spot,  its  broad  base  seated  on  the 
outer  margin,  its  curved  apex  directed  baseward  along  the  middle  line ; 
across*  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  bavely  reaching  either  margin,  with  a 
slight  obliquity  from  within  o.itward  and  apexward  a  deeply  incised  sub- 
reniform  spot,  the  out(M-  half  the  larger ;  and  niidway  between  this  and  the 
apex  a  small  elongate  spot  seated  by  its  broad  side  upon  the  outer  margin. 

Partially  overlain  by  this  wing,  but  in  any  case  out  of  normal  relation 
to  it,  is  a  broad  oval  abdomen,  on  the  opposite  side  of  which  is  a  very  stout 
roundt'd  fciinir,  and  attached  to  it  a  strong,  curving,  aj)ically  enlarged  tibia. 

Length  of  fragment  of  the  tegmina,  6.5""™;  probable  complete  length 
«.f  same,  7""";  breadth,  2"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  127,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

4.  Tkttioonia  obtkcta. 

PI.  5,  VigH.  5.S,  50. 

Teltigonia  ohiecia  Sciidd.,  Bull.  K.  S.  0«ol.  Gtosr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  Ill,  7(U  ^1877). 

\  single  specimen,  with  the  merest  fragments  of  wings  and  no  legs, 
but  otherwise  pn'tty  perfect,  belongs,  with  little  d()ul)t,  to  this  family, 
although  its  generic  affinities  are  decidedly  uncertain.  The  head  is  not 
quite  so  broad  as  the  body,  bluntly  angulated  in  front  (at  an  angle  of  about 
one  hundred  and  thirty  degrees) ;  the  eyes  are  rather  small,  the  beak  stout 
and  about  as  long  ixs  the  head.  The  altdomen  is  moderately  stout  but  long, 
tapering  to  a  blunt  tip;  the  segments,  eight  in  number,  growing  longer 
apically,  the  seventh  being  twice  as  long  as  the  second. 

Length  of  body,  7.(!""" ;  breadth  of  same,  2™'";  length  of  rostrum, 
(M;,V""';   dianict.T  of  eyes,  0.28""". 

Chagriu  Vaik-y,  White  Uiver,  (Colorado.     One  specimen,  W.  Denton. 


HY'I'IIOSCOPIIS  Germar. 

The  .Miocene  beds  of  Hadolxtj,  Croatia,  and  tlm  Oligocene  strata  of 
.\ix  in  Provence,  as  well  as  tlie  anil)er  deposits  of  the  same  age  in  Prussia, 
have  each  furnished  a  species  of  Hvthosciipiis,  to  wliich  we  can  add  one 
from  tile  presumably  Oligocene  shales  of  White  River,  Colorado. 


HEMIPTEltA— HOMOi'TEKA— JASSIDES. 


305 


ByTHOSOOPUS   LAPIDE8CEN8. 
P1.5,  Fig.  94. 

Byikoicoput  lapidesceim  Sciidil.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  761  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  broken  at  the  edge  of  a  stone,  and  so  preserving 
only  the  abdomen  and  part  of  the  wings.  The  abdomen  is  long  and  slen- 
der, composed  of  nine  segments,  the  extremity  indicating  that  it  hi  a  female. 
The  wing  (the  tegmina  appear  to  be  entirely  absent)  reaches  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  and  the  apical  cells  are  from  a  third  to  nearly  half  as  long  r.'^  the 
wing,  the  upper  the  longer ;  the  apex  is  produced  but  rounded. 

Probable  length  of  body,  .5.5""";  length  of  fragment,  3.5""";  breadth 
of  abdomen,  1.5""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.  One  specimen,  No.  44'',  W. 
Denton. 

AG  ALL!  A  Curtis. 

To  this  genua,  now  found  in  both  worlds,  and  never  before  found  fos- 
sil, I  refer  several  of  Florissant  species  with  little  doubt,  except  that  most  of 
them  are  of  too  large  size. 

Table  of  the  species  'of  AgaUia. 

Large  HpccieR  (body  exceeding  eight  uiillimotei'M  in  lougth) ;  a  cross-vein  uniting  the  radial  vein  tn  the 
margin  in  tlie  outer  half  of  tim  wing. 
Tegmina  uioro  than  tliree  times  as  long  as  broad. 

Apical  cells  ul' tegmina  twice  as  long  as  broad 1.  A.  lewisii. 

Apical  cells  of  tegmina  only  half  as  long  again  as  broad 2.  A.  Jlacdda. 

Tegmina  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad 3.  J.  instabitis. 

Small  species  (body  less  than  live  millimeters  in  length) ;  no  cross-vein  uniting  the  radial  vein  to  the 
margin 4.  A.  abstructa. 

1.  Agallia  lewisii. 

PI.  10,  Figs.  7,  21. 

Head  relatively  small,  narrower  than  the  thorax  by  reason  of  the  for- 
ward narrowing  of  the  lattiT,  broadly  rounded.  The  thorax  is  very  finely 
wrinkled  transversely.  Tiie  tegmina  are  fully  three  times  as  long  a^  broad, 
the  costal  margin  broadly  and  pi-etty  regularly  convex  but  more  rounded 
at  the  extremities  than  in  the  mithlle;  the  ulnar  vein  forks  (and  is  united  to 
the  radial)  at  the  end  of  the  proximal  third  of  the  wing,  and  tlie  latter  runs 
into  the  costal  margin  a  little  before  the  tip,  sending  a  cross-vein  to  the 
margin  at  about  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing,  opposite  which  a 
VOL  xin 20 


i 


30G 


TEUTIAUY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMEltlCA, 


pair  of  elongated  subapical  cells  are  formed  between  the  radial  and  upper 
ulnar  veins  by  their  union  through  a  cross-vein  shortly  before  the  marginal 
cross- vein ;  considerabK-  more  than  half-way  from  this  first-mentioned 
cross-vein  to  the  apex  of  the  wing  cross-veins  cut  off  the  tour  apical  cells. 
The  hind  wings  show  in  their  upper  half  two  forked  veins  united  by  a  cross- 
vein  opposite  the  middle  of  the  cells  thus  formed,  and  the  lower,  similarly, 
to  the  siujple  vein  wiiich  follows  it. 

The  large  size  of  the  insect  and  its  relatively  small  head  make  it  some- 
what doubtful  whether  it  should  be  retained  in  Agallia. 

Length  of  body,  8.5"""  ;  tegmina,  o.5""" ;  hind  femora,  2""" ;  hind  tibiae, 
3.5°"". 

In  memory  of  the  late  lamented  and  talented  geologist,  Henry  Carville 
Lewis,  of  Pennsylvania. 

Floris.sant.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  307,  8293  and  8725,  13582,  and 
from  the  Princeton  Collection,  Nos.  L801  and  L805. 

2.  AOALLIA    KLACCIDA. 

PI.  19,  Fig.  18. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  the  last,  differing  principally  in  the 
denser  structure  of  the  tegmina,  in  which  the  neuration  less  plaiidy  appears, 
jind  in  the  brevity  and  relative  breadth  of  the  apical  cells.  Tlie  shape  of 
the  tegmina  is  the  .same,  being  nearly  equal  throughout  with  broad  apex, 
ill  contra.st  to  the  more  oval  form  of  the  succeeding  species;  they  are  a  lit- 
tle more  than  tinee  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  the  central  apical  cells  are 
liardlv  half  as  lony  ajiuin  as  broad. 

[..ength  of  body.  7.:^.")""" ;  bn^adth  of  thorax,  2..")""";  length  of  tegmina, 
.").."»"•";   breadth,  l.O.')""";   lengtii  of  hind  tibia-,  3""". 

Florissant,  Colorado.     Tlu'ee  specimens,  Nos.  78.08,  7^79,  10158 

3.  AoALLIA    INSTABILI8. 

PI.  21,   Fi^'.   1. 

This  is  a  .stouter  species  than  those  whic-li  have  preceded,  with  rela- 
tively sliorter  tegmina.  A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  with  one  of  the 
tegmina  expandet!  Tlie  extremitv  of  the  abdomen  lias  disappeared,  .so  that 
the  length  of  the  animal  (;aii  not  be  determined,  l>iit  its  great  breadth  can  be 
seen  by  comparison  with  tiie  width  of  the  tegmina.     The  legs  are  slender. 


''  ii 


'  '! 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEKA— JASSIDES. 


307 


The  costal  margin  of  the  tegraina  is  greatly  thickened  and  regularly  and 
considerably  arcuate,  giving  an  unusually  ovate  shape  to  the  whole,  which 
is  increased  by  the  somewhat  pointed  though  rounded  apex.  The  tegmina, 
which  are  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  appear  to  be  tenuous,  and 
the  veins,  though  not  the  sutura  clavi,  are  ver}^  indistinct.  The  body  is 
uniforndy  dark  and  parallel- sided. 

Breadth  of  body,  2.5""";  length  of  tegmina,  5  75""";  breadth,  2"'"'; 
length  of  hind  tibise,  3.25'"'". 

Florissant,  Colorado.     One  specimen,  No.  78. 

4.  Agallia  abstkucta. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  5. 

Head  as  broad  as  the  uniformly  broad  thorax.  Tegmina  barely  extend- 
ing to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  long  oval,  almost  three  and  a  half  times  as 
long  as  broad,  the  costal  border  regularly  and  very  little  arcuate,  the  apex 
strongly  convex ;  the  ulnar  vein  forks  at  the  end  of  the  proximal  third  of 
the  wing,  and  the  upper  branch  is  immediately  united  by  a  recurrent  cross- 
vein,  longer  than  the  pedicel  of  the  upper  ulnar,  to  the  radial  vein,  the  latter 
running  into  the  margin  not  far  before  the  tip  but  uniting  with  it  by  no 
cross-vein ;  scarcely  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  the  radial  and  upper 
ulnar  veins  are  united  by  a  bent  cross-vein,  from  the  middle  of  which  springs 
a  veinlet,  dividing  the  area  between  them,  and  at  just  about  half-way  to  the 
tip  all  the  veins  are  united  by  a  transverse  series  of  gradate  cross-veins, 
beyond  which  the  discontinuous  longitudinal  veins  diverge,  producing  apical 
cells  distinctly  broader  at  the  margin  than  at  base 

Length  of  body,  4,5"'"';  tegmina,  3.7"'"';  breadth  of  body,  LS"";  teg- 
mina, 1.1'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2658. 

GYPONA  Germar. 

The  only  reference  of  a  fossil  to  this  genus  is  in  my  first  mention  of 
the  Homoptera  collected  by  Denton  on  the  White  River,  as  belonging  to 
genera  "allied  to  Issus,  Gypona,  and  Delphax."  Since  then  these  have  been 
described  under  the  genera  Aphana,  Delpiiax,  Tettigonia,  and  Bythoscopus. 
The  one  now  descril)ed  below  is  referred  here  only  in  a  general  and  vague 
sense,  as  it  is  too  ill  preserved  to  speak  of  it  with  confidence. 


308 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Gypona  cinercia. 


PI.  19,  Fig.  4. 

The  head  and  thorax  are  decidedly  darker  than  the  abdomen,  and  the 
spread,  but  cruin[)led,  elytra  are  scarcely  visible  as  distinct  from  the  color 
of  tl'.e  stone  except  for  their  slig'htly  darker  edges.  The  head  is  not  more 
than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax  (which  shows  that  it  can  not  strictly  fall 
into  Gypona),  with  small  and  rather  prominent  eyes.  Tlie  e.ytra  are  very 
slender,  extending  beyond  the  abdomen,  with  only  sliglit  and  feeble  traces 
of  neuration,  and  apparently  very  tenuous.  The  wings  are  a  little  shorter 
but  broader,  and  so  more  ample. 

Lengtli  of  body,  8.5""" ;  tegmina,  8""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  14229. 


ir 


JA8SUS  Fabricius. 

Two  species  of  this  genus  have  lieen  described  from  the  Prussian  amber 
and  several  others  (compared  with  different  existing  forms  from  those  witli 
whicli  the  former  were  compared)  have  been  indicated  by  Gravenhorst  from 
the  same  source.  It  appears,  however,  not  to  have  been  recognized  in  the 
rocks,  and  the  species  here  refen-ed  to  it  is  too  imperfect  to  be  sure  of  the 
correctness  of  the  reference. 

Jassus?  LATEBR.£. 
PI.  20,  Fig.  19. 

The  head  has  much  the  form  of  that  of  Jassus  spinicornis  from  Prus- 
siiiii  amber ;  the  thorax  is  very  faintly  and  not  very  finely  nor  closely  punc- 
tate; tile  teimons  and  diaphanous  iigmina  extend  a  little  way  beyond  the 
lip  of  the  abdomen,  and  are  apparently  almost  three  tir...es  longer  than 
Itroad  ;  tliuy  are  traversed  by  rather  distant  longitudinal  veins,  of  whicli  five 
reach  the  a|)icul  margin ;  tlie  character  of  their  furcation  and  anastomosis 
ciin  not  be  detenuined  witli  certainty,  but  wherever  it  can  be  traced  appears 
to  agree  with  the  simpler  types  of,  Jassn.s. 

Length  of  body,  3.5'"™;  breadth  of  same,   1.2'""";  length  of  tegmina, 

•Minn 

Florissant.     Ono  specimen,  No.  HfiSD. 


HEMIPTEI:A— IIOMOPTKRA— .TASSIDES. 


309 


■r 


TIIA^IXOTETTIX  Zetterstedt. 

No  species  of  tliis  genus  have  been  hitherto  recognized  among  fossil 
insects.  The  hirger  species  here  described  certainly  behmg  here  or  in  the 
immediate  vicinity,  the  neiiration  of  both  tegmina  and  hind  wings  closely 
agreeing,  as  well  as  such  other  details  of  bodily  structure  as  can  be  seen. 
The  small  species  is  placed  here  with  more  doubt,  since  it  is  too  poorly  pre- 
served to  determine  with  any  confidence. 

Table  of  the  specieg  of  ThamnoUttix, 

Larfrer  Hpeoies ;  moro  than  tbren  luillinintors  in  length. 

Roliktivel.v  stout  Ixxlied,  with  togiuiua  liaruly  tbr«o  times  ax  long  as  broad 1.  T.  mutilata. 

Ki;lativuly  slender  bodied   with  tegmina  considerably  more  than  three  times  as  long  ns  broad. 

a.   T.  gannetti. 
Smaller  species ;  less  than  three  millimoters  in  length 3.  2',  fundi. 

1.  Thamnotettix  mutilata. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  C. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  showing  only  a  part  of  the  head  but 
the  whole  dorsal  view  of  the  rest  of  the  body,  with  one  of  the  tesrniina 
partly  expanded.  The  body  is  long  ovoid,  very  regular  in  shape  with  full 
abdomen,  hardly  pinched  posteriorly,  but  with  full  rounded  curve.  The 
thorax  is  transverse,  and  the  scutellum  large  for  this  genus,  being  if  any 
thino  a  little  longer  than  the  thorax  The  tegmina  are  barely  three  times 
as  long  as  broad,  with  interrupted  dusky  macul.'c  along  the  outer  half  of  the 
costal  margin,  and  slight  signs  of  the  same  along  the  inner  margin.  The 
hind  tibia;  are  obscurely  seen  through  the  body,  and  appear  as  if  very 
densely  spined  with  excessively  minute  and  short  spines,  very  different  in 
character  from  those  of  living  types. 

Length  of  body,  4..'55""";  breadth,  1.4""";  length  of  tegmina,  3.75"""; 
breadth,  1.25"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  73,  Prof.  L.  A.  Lee. 

2.  Thamnotettix  gannetti. 
PI.  C,  Fig.  3;5 ;  PI.  7,  Fig.  5. 

Two  specimens,  differing  a  little  in  size,  seem  to  belong  together,  both 
preserved  in  a  similar  manner,  showing  a  dorsal  view  with  spread  ti-giuina, 
and  wings,  though  in  one  case  part  was  covered  when  the  plate  was  (h-rwn. 
The  body   is  rather  slender,  tiie   abdomen    tolerably   full,    but   pinched 


I 


310 


TEHTIAKY  INSECTS  OP  N  iRTH  AMKKICA. 


npically,  so  that  the  lust  two  segments  are  much  narrower  than  the  preced- 
ing. Tlie  transverse  thorax,  aa  in  the  preceding  species,  is  shghtly  shorter 
than  the  unusually  large  scutellum.  The  tegmina  are  considerably  more 
than  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  veins  and  cross-veins  rather  heavily 
marked ;  there  are  four  apical  cells,  which  are  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad.  The  venation  of  the  upper  half  of  the  hind  wings  (all  that  is  pre- 
served) is  precisely  the  same  as  that  of  T.  simplex  of  Europe,  excepting 
that  the  lower  cross-vein  is  strongly  oblique  instead  of  tran>»verse. 

Length  of  body.  3.3-4.1"""';  breadth  of  abdomen,  1.15-1.5""";  length 
of  tegmina,  3.1-3,5  (?) """ ;  breadth,  0.85-0.85  (?)  """'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  116,  120,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 

S^Thamnoiettix  fundi. 

PI.  19,  Fig.  20. 

Head  roundly  angulate  in  front,  the  thorax  small.  Tegmina  slender, 
elongate,  surpassing  a  little  the  abdomen,  about  three  and  a  half  times 
longer  than  bntad,  the  costal  edge  nearly  straight,  the  longitudinal  veins 
few,  distant,  and  faint,  the  sub.stance  of  the  wing  being  slightly  coriaceous, 
or  only  partly  diaphanous,  as  in  our  green  and  unicolorous  living  species. 

Length  of  body,  2.85"'"';  tegmina,  2.(15™™;  width  of  body,  0.85"""; 
tegmina,  0.75"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  3412. 

OICADULA  Zetterstedt 

No  fossil  species  of  .Jassida  have  yet  been  referred  to  this  genus,  and 
the  present  reference  of  a  somowhat  obscure  species  is  by  no  means 
definite. 

ClCAUt^LA    SAXOSA. 
PI.  G,  Fifj.  2«. 

A  species  is  indicated  of  about  the  size  of  our  C  sexnotata,  but  with 
more  opaque  tegmina.  Only  tiio  part  of  the  head  between  the  eyes  is  pre 
served,  giving  it  a  more  distinct  and  (piadrate  appearance  than  would  be 
otherwise  the  case;  the  front  Is  I'i-oadly  rounded.  'Die  tiiorax  is  mure  than 
twice  as  broail  as  long  and  the  po.sterior  angle  of  the  scut(;lluin  is  slightly 
more  than  a  riglit  angle.  The  tegmina  are  opaque,  sI;owing  scan-ely  any 
veins,  and  these  only  longitudinal,  tlujsuturaclavi  terminating  in  the  middle 


HKMirTKKA— HOaIOI'TKKA— JAHSIDKS 


311 


i 


of  tlie  apioil  lialf ;  they  aro  considerably  more  tlian  three  times  as  long  as 
broiul,  siilK!(|iiaI  tliruiifjfl'out,  with  well  rounded  apex.  The  abdomen  is  long 
oval,  largest  about  one-third  way  from  base,  tapering  beyond  to  u  bluntly 
pointed  tip. 

Length  of  body,  2.75™"' ;  greatest  breadth,  0.9""" ;  length  of  tegmina, 
'i..^""" ,  breadth,  0.75"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  114  and  126,  Dr.  A.  i^ 
Packard. 

ACOCEPHALUS  Germar. 

Heer  has  described  two  species  of  this  genus  from  the  Miocene  beds  of 
Radoboj,  and  two  of  our  American  fossils  aro  referred  dubiously  to  the 
same  group,  though  they  differ  considerably  from  each  other  in  the  general 
form  of  tht;  body.  H(*er's  species,  too,  strictly  interpreted,  should  be  placed 
elsewhere,  though  they  are  certaiidy  near  Acocephalus. 

Table  of  the  ipeciee  of  Acocephalua. 

Sleiidur  HpncicH ;  body  inurt*  than  tlireti  times  U8  Inii};  ah  broad I.  A.  ad(t. 

Stout  species;  body  less  tlian  three  times  us  long  as  brond 2.  A.  calluaui. 

1.  Acocephalus  ad.*;. 

PI.  6,  Fig.  29. 

Aoocephatus  adm  Sciuld.,  Hull.  IT.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  771  (1878), 

Two  specimens  represent  the  body  of  apparently  a  species  of  Acoceph- 
alus. The  head  projects  forward  in  a  triangular  form,  is  rounded  at  the 
extreme  apex,  a  little  broader  than  long,  and  nearly  twice  as  broad  between 
the  small  eyes  as  its  length  in  advance  of  them.  The  body  is  slender,  the 
abdomen  slightly  tapering,  rounded  at  the  apex.  The  tegmina  extend  a 
short  distance  beyond  the  body  with  parallel  longitudinal  veins. 

Length  of  body,  5.25""";  breadth  of  head,  l.-i'""';  of  middle  of  abdo- 
men, 1.3™"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  72,  100,  F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson. 

2.    ACOCKPIIALUS   CALLOSUS. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  15. 

Although  the  figure  seems  to  show  a  bluntly  rounded  head  very 
uncharacteristic  of  Acocephalus,  it  evidently  ^esult^^  from  the  mode  of  ))i('s- 
ervation,  the  body  being  crushed  on  a  three-fourtlis  view,  obscuring  tlic 
angularity  of  the  front,  which  a  careful  exiimination  of  the  specimen  itself 


312 


TEKTIARY  IN8E0T8  OK  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Heoms  to  show.  The  eyo  is  Htnall,  as  there.  'I'ho  tejriniim  are  liyaline, 
apparently  reachhij^  about  to  the  tip  of  tiio  abdomen  (tlio  whole  of  whirh 
18  not  preserved,  but  can  be  readily  restored  in  the  main),  »iiid  has  few  'on- 
gitudinal  veinu  connected,  a  little  beyond  the  middle  and  aj^ain  mor<t  thar 
half-way  to  the  tip,  by  serien  of  cross-veins.  The  lejjs  are  rather  short  anu 
moderately  stout,  the  middle  tibia-  only  half  us  lonjr  ajjain  as  the  tarsi. 

Presumed  length  of  body,  (>.5""" ;  breadth,  2.5'"'" ;  lenj^th  of  tegmina, 
r).r>°"°;  middle  tibijc,  1.7'"'";  tarsi,  1.2""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  11307  and  14385. 

JASSOPSIS  gen.  nov.  (Jassus,  nom.  gen.). 

Allied  to  Thamnotettix.  The  thorax  is  rounded  subqundrate.  as  long 
as  broad,  'Mid  tiie  sciitellum  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  thorax.  The 
veins  of  the  tegmina  are  peculiar  in  that  the  radial  parts  from  the  costal 
vein  and  the  ulnar  vein  from  the  sntura  clavi  at  similar  and  very  short  dis- 
tances from  the  base ;  there  are  but  three  apical  cells. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

JaSSOPSIS   EVIDEN8. 
PI.  19,  FiK.  16, 

The  single  specimen  is  preserved  so  as  to  show  a  dorsal  view  with  the 
tegmina  unequally  ex[)aiide(l.  The  head  is  lost  but  was  relatively  narrow, 
to  judge  by  tiie  anterior  tapering  of  the  thorax.  The  body  is  V(My  dark 
and  uniformly  so,  tlie  posterior  angle  of  tlie  scutellum  a  right  angle.  The 
tegmina  were  semiopaque,  with  tiie  veins  heavily  marked,  the  sutiira  clavi 
terminating  in  the  middle  of  the  wing;  they  are  three  and  a  half  times 
longer  tiian  broad,  and  the  costal  margin  is  strongly  arcuate,  especially  dis- 
tally,  so  that  the  apex  falls  at  about  the  middle  of  the  lower  half  of  the 
wing  and  is  roundly  pointed ;  cross-veins  unite  the  principal  nervures 
where  tlio  radial  vein  forks  at  about  three-fifths  the  distance  from  the  base 
of  the  wing.  The  abdomen  is  subconical,  tapering  pretty  uniformly  alino.st 
from  the  base,  with  pretty  straigiit  sides,  the  tip  bluiiflv  pointed. 

Length  of  body  (witiiout  head),  ."{.2'"'" ;  breadth  of  abdomen  near  base, 
1.1""";   leiigtii  of  tegmina,  ;5'""';    brcadtli,  ().«.")""". 

Florissant,  Colorado.     One  specimen.  No.  518^" 


I  il 


HEMllTEBA— 1  lOMOPT  K  H  A— J  A88IDBS. 
CCKLIDIA   Gertnar. 


818 


The  only  species  of  this  group  hitherto  re|)ortefl  fossil  is  one  described 
below  from  British  Colti.nbiii.  To  this  we  now  add  another  species  from 
Wyominfr.  It  is  an  American  type  best  developed  in  the  tropics,  but  not 
iinknown  in  the  soutliern  United  States. 

Table  of  the  ipecien  of  Calidia. 

TeKiuina  lest)  than  three  tiimw  as  loiiK  us  hroail i_  c.  oolumlmna 

Tegmlutt luoro  tbau  three  ti luos  as  Uiiig  as  broad ..'.'.'..  ..'....'i.  C.  inyominaensis. 

1.    CffiLIDIA   COLUMBIANA. 

PI.  2,  Fip.  13. 

Calidia  eolitmhiaim  Soiitld.,  Kep.  Progr.  Gool.  Siirv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  185H  (1878). 

A  pair  of  tegmina,  in  which  most  of  the  venation  can  be  made  out, 
with  a  crushed  body  and  crumpled  wings,  represent  a  species  of  Cojlidiaor 
an  allied  genus,  witli  rather  broad  tegmina.  The  veins  of  the  tegmina  are 
nearly  parallel  to  the  gently  arcuate  costal  margin,  are  eciuidistant  from  one 
another,  and  are  united  by  cross-veins  near  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of 
the  tegmina,  the  lower  ulnar  vein,  which  runs  only  a  little  below  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing,  forking  at  this  point ;  the  upper  of  the  apical  areolets,  how- 
ever, is  considerably  shorter  than  the  others  ;  tin-  two  ulnar  veins  are  united 
by  a  cross-vein  in  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  tegmina,  while  not  far 
from  the  middle  of  the  tegmina  the  ulnar  and  radial  veins  are  similarly 
united.  The  tegmina  do  not  taper  apically,  the  extremity  is  rounded  and 
obliquely  docked,  and  the  sutura  clavi  is  short.  The  hind  wings  are  pro- 
vided with  an  unusual  number  of  cross-veins. 

Length  of  tegmina,  8""" ;  breadth,  3.2.5'^'". 

Similkameen  River,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  75,  Geol. 
Surv.  Canada,-  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson. 

2.    CcELIDIA    WyOMINOENSIS. 
n.  4,  Fig.  8. 

A  dark  ape.nes  appears  to  be  indicated,  the  head  and  thorax  being 
black  and  the  veins  of  the  tegmina  heavily  marked  with  dark  fulio-inous 
liio  tegmina  are  well  rounded,  about  three  and  a  quarter  times  as  long  as 
broad,  the  costal  margin  regularly  and  pretty  strongly  convex ;  the  pedicel 


P-. 


i 


314 


TKKTIARY  INHKOTS  OF  NORTH  AMEUIHA. 


of  tlie  upper  iilimr  branch  Ih  Hlij^htly  Hliortor  timn  the  cronH-voin  iinitiii]^  it 
to  tlio  radiiil ;  the  I'iulial  \n  parallel  to  tliu  (^xsta  throii<rhout ;  a  seeoiid  eroHS- 
veiii  unitOH  the  radial  and  upper  ulnar  when^  the  ftu'nier  forkH,  as  far  from 
the  first  oroHs-vein  aH  the  width  of  the  win<f,  and  the  apical  serioH  of  crosH- 
veins  is  half-way  l)etwoen  this  now  cross-vein  and  the  apex  of  the  win<^. 

Length  of  tegniina  as  preserved,  IJt""";  as  restored,  Sf)""";  breadth, 
2.5"". 

Twin  Creek,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  <>'',  Dr.  A.  C  Peale. 

DOCIMUS  gen.  nov.  {d<'Hi/ioi). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  an  insect  with  somewhat  remarkable  neura- 
tion,  which  reminds  us  somewhat  of  that  of  Walker's  Kast  Indian  genus 
Isaca.  'I'he  sutura  davi  is  very  long,  reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  outer 
half  of  the  wing,  while  the  apical  cells,  the  oidy  wholly  diaphanous  part  of 
the  wing,  are  very  long,  occupying  fully  the  apical  third,  and  are  very  few 
in  number,  only  three  reaching  the  apical  margin,  and  all  being  bounded 
away  from  the  middle  line  of  the  wing  by  remarkably  anruate  and  divergent 
veins,  giving  .somewhat  the  aspect  of  a  P.sylla  to  the  wing.  The  body  is 
very  stout,  with  a  full  abdomen,  well  rounded  behind,  and  in  no  way 
pointed. 

A  .single  species  is  known,  or  po-ssibly  two. 

DOCIMIJS    PSYLLOIDES. 

IM.  19,  FiKs.  6,  17. 

Tl>e  head  is  not  preserved.  The  thorax  is  faintly  punctate.  The  teg- 
mina  are  fully  two  an<l  a  half  times  longer  than  broad;  the  ulnar  vein  forks 
very  clo.se  to  the  base,  and  where  it  is  united  by  a  cross-vein  to  the  radiiil 
these  two  are  united  by  another  cross-vein  in  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
beyond  which  the  space  is  separated  into  two  longitudinal  cells:  the  radial 
ends  near  the  apex  in  a  strongly  arcuate  fork,  which  at  first  curves  down- 
ward into  the  heart  of  the  wing  and  then  turns  upward,  the  cell  opening  on 
the  costal  bonier  at  the  edge  of  the  apical  border;  opposite  the  origin  of 
this  fork  tile  next  and  the  last  veins  are  abruptly  but  roundly  Ix'iit  and  send 
cro.><s-veins  directed  oI)li(jueIy  inward  to  the  intermediate  vein  from  the 
angles,  beyond  which  they  divaricate. 


• 


HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTERA-CKUCOI'IF).*. 


315 


TIiIh  (loHcriptton  is  biiHed  wholly  upon  the  Hpt'cinu'n  illuHtmted  in  Fi(f. 
17.  That  K'von  in  Fig.  fi  and  two  otliorH  are  too  inipoi'fVct  to  dctonnino 
that  thoy  certainly  belong  hero,  but  they  may  forni  a  nerond  npocicH  of  the 
gunuH  with  loss  strongly  curved  veins. 

Length  of  body,  6.75""";  breadth,  S"™;  length  of  tcgniina,  5.5""; 
breadth,  2""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  4(525,  4747,  921)1),  10479. 

Family   CERCOPID^C   Leach. 

This  was  the  prevailing  typo  of  Homoptera  in  Tertiary  times,  at  least 
if  the  number  of  individuals  be  regarded.  At  Florissant  they  ap])ear  to 
form  three-fourths  of  the  whole  bulk.  As  compared  with  Ful^orina  they 
were  there  slightly  less  numerous  in  species  and  genera,  btit  five  times  as 
as  numerous  in  individuals.  Most  of  the  extinct  forms  have  been  referred 
by  authors  and  especially  by  Gernuir  and  Ileer  to  the  existing  genera  Cer- 
copis  and  Aphrophora,  but,  as  we  shall  see,  these  references  were  so  far 
incorrect  that  in  several  instances  they  belonged  to  the  alternate  subfamily 
and  not  to  that  to  whicli  they  were  referred.'  So,  too,  one  insect  found  in 
the  '  le  of  Wight  Tertiary  is  referred  to  an  existing  form,  b«it  pi-obably 
without  sufficient  reason.  As  to  our  own  species,  some  of  them  are  gigantic, 
nearly  all  large,  and  by  far  the  greater  part  of  them  allied  to  types  now 
found  only  in  the  tropics  of  the  New  World,  and  yet  I  have  been  unable  in 
any  instance  to  refer  them  to  existing  genera,  though  doubtless  some  of 
them  will  be  found  so  referable.  The  lack  of  sufficient  tropical  materials 
in  the  museums  of  this  neighborhood  compel  the  description  of  several 
genera  as  new  which  nuiy  prove  still  extant. 


Snblamily  CEHCOPIDA  St&l. 

The  larger  part  of  the  fossil  Cercopidsc  that  have  been  described  have 
been  referred  to  this  subfamily,  but  in  several  instances,  as  will  be  pointed 
out,  the  reference  is  incorrect.  There  remain,  however,  several  species  of  Cer- 
copis,  a  Cercopidium,  and  a  Triecphora  (this  latter  regarded  as  an  existing 

'Thare  is  a  iniHtake  in  Heer's  work  on  Ooninj^en  insectM  In  the  references  to  tlio  specit's  of  Ccreoiiis 
on  I'l.  11.  riio  plain  in  correctly  niiirked,  but  llie  neparato  explauatii)ii  of  tin-  plate  ami  the  relt-ri'iiceB 
in  the  text  give  a  llfjnre  to  C.  niifjeri  wliicli  does  not  exist,  and  make  eleven  tiijiirrts  to  tlie  plate  when 
there  are  only  ten.  The  references  to  C.  pallida,  oeninj;uusis,  fasclatu,  and  rectulinea,  which  are  re- 
spectively S,  9,  10,  and  11,  should  be  7,  6,  9,  and  10. 


I 


310 


TKItTIAItY  INSKOTS  OK  NOIITII   AMKKU^A. 


upepieH  l)v  Wondwunl)  from  flio  Kiiropoun  rnckn  iiinl  from  iiuiIht,  wliilo  in 
our  own  cDiiiiti'v  hy  fur  t\ui  liir;^ttr  proportioti  of  tlio  (/I'rcopid.i-  Ix'loii;;  to 
this  Huhfamily,  aiid,  oxcop'tiii;,''  tlirctf  wpoi'iort  ri';X'i'*''*''l  'i"*  btdoiijfiiijf  to  C«r- 
cojiis,  one  oju'li  from  Hritirtli  C^oliimbiii,  Orcuii  liivor,  iiiul  KloriHsiuit,  nil  iiro 
rt'ft'rrcd  to  iixtiiict  ;^(Mi('ri(i  types;  tli('s«t  iiicliido  Hcvciitccii  spocii-H  uud  nix 
;r('m>rii,  oiio  of  tlu'iu,  I'ctrolystrii,  witli  two  HpecicM,  j,nyaiiti('  and  poHHihjy 
iiiiuiiiifcrouH  iiiHccts.  wliicli  miiHt  liavc  been  oiio  of  tiio  «trikiii;f  fcatiircH  of 
Florissant  Oli^foccnc  (Hitomolo^fv ;  aiiotlicr,  Palccpliora,  with  six  spccioH, 
five  of  tli(Mii  from  Florissant  and  one  fr(»m  (Jrccn  Uivcr,  was  the  prcvailin;? 
Iiomopterons  type;  ("lorcopitcs  is  known  only  from  Orccn  liivt-r ;  tli(» 
roniaiiidor,  with  tlio  exceptions  noted,  oidy  from  Florissant,  and  one  of  tlio 
prettiest,  Prineepliorii,  was  by  no  means  rare.  As  a  whole  tho  aspect  of  th« 
cercopid  fauna  was  decidedly  tropical. 

CKRCOl'rrKS  fren.  nov.  (Ccrcopia,  nom.  {fen.). 

Head  relatively  small,  includin<>'  the  eyes  hardly  more  than  half  as 
broad  as  the  thorax,  not  appressed,  but  prominent.  Thorax  more  or  less 
hexajfonal,  much  broader  than  louff,  the  front  border  transvcirse  or  iindate, 
th«'  base  truncate;  scutelluni  eipiian^fular.  Tcffmina  larj^e  and  well  rounded, 
but  little  more  than  twice  as  huiff  as  broad,  with  comx'X  costa,  the  ti|» 
sli;>htly  narrowed  and  shar|)ly  rounded,  tho  radial  and  ulnar  veins  forkiii}^ 
onee  each  with  no  apparent  apical  (;ells,  the  radial  forkin;r  scarcely  lu'fon* 
the  middle  of  the  win<f,  and  before  forking'  running  at  no  great  di»tunoe 
from  and  parallel  to  the  margin. 

Two  species  are  known,  both  from  the  Wyoming  Tertiaries, 

Tiihlf  lif  the  upericM  of  t'l'i-vr:  itt'n, 

Stnallrr  spi'i'ii'i,  tli»  wIiikh  i'V|>aniliiiK  about  eiKht  iiiilliinxti'i's  ;  I'miir  iM!ir;;iii  of  thorax  Htriti|{lit. 

I.   r,   umlirnlitiH, 

LaryiT  !4|i<'ci<"s,  (lin  wiii^s  cxpiiiiiliiit;  iilmiit   twenty   iiiillirnetrrn;  front   niar|{iii  of  thoriix  nnclato  or 

liicouuuvo a.  C.  callitcenH. 

1.  Cercopites  UMHRXTILIS, 
PI.  7,  Fij;.  1>. 

The  sing'le  specimen  is  rather  obscurely  preserved,  showing  an  upper 
.surface  with  spread  wings.  The  body  is  .stout,  the  abdomen  full  atid 
rounded ;  the  front  margin  of  the  thorax   is  straight  behind  the  head,  but 


HKMIl'TKKA— lIOMorTEUA— CKIlCiJl'II)^.  317 

retroiitH  Hliffhtly  at  tlio  Hides,  ho  hh  to  jrlvn  It  u  nli^rlitl y  convt^x  UHpect.  'Vho 
IxhIv  is  (lurk  iiiid  unitonn,  tlio  t(»<,niiiiiii  tlio  huiuo  l)iit  Hli;;lit]y  ligiitcr  over 
tlio  disk  ;  tliu  roHtii  is  vory  Htroii}>ly  (U)iiv('X. 

liOiigth  of  body,  2.7r)""" ;  hmidtli,  l.l""";  loiiiftli  of  tugiiiiim  m  pnv 
Hervud,  lUt""" ;  an  n-HtortuI,  .'{.M""". 

Green  River,  VVyoiuiiij''.     One  Hpecimen,  N(».  lOH,  Dr.  A.  S.  I'acknnl 

2.  ('kucopitkh  calmhcens. 
IM.  «,  FiK.  .W. 

Flead  Hnborhicular,  witli  scarcely  |>rotriiding  eyes,  a  little  broader  oidy 
than  long;  the  ocelli  are  obscure,  but  what  are  apparently  these  are  farther 
removed  from  each  other  than  from  the  eyes.  Thorax  broadest  in  tin- 
njiddlo  of  the  anterior  half,  from  which  point  it  rapidly  narrows  both  in 
front  and  behind  ;  base  straight ;  front  margin  broadly  concave  except  for 
a  slight  and  aiigidar  mi<hlle  prominence,  which  brcnks  the  curve  in  two. 
liody  dark  fuligincais.  Tegmiua  pallid,  but  with  a  diirker  costal  margin 
and  a  similar  but  broad  apical  band  ;  the  veins  show  with  toIeral)k'  dis- 
tinctness, thcuigh  they  are  generally  very  obscure  in  the  wings,  which  show 
aneuration  in  all  respects  typical  so  far  as  visible. 

Length  of  body,  including  closed  wings,  1 1 '""' ;  breadth,  3.5""" ;  length 
of  tegmina,  8..^)""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  104  and  115,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 

CERCOPIS  Fabricius. 

A  number  of  species  have  been  referred  to  fhis  genus  from  the  Euro- 
pean Tertiaries,  but,  as  mentioned  below  under  that  subfamily,  thev  are 
mostly  referable  to  the  Aphro])horida.  It  is  doubtful  whetiier  jui\-  of  the 
species  of  true  Cercopina  should  be  classed  geiierically  with  those  here 
placed  in  this  group,  and  which  are  kn(»wn  by  their  tegmina  (;idv  ;  the 
form  of  the  wings,  as  well  as  their  neuration,  dill'ers  considerably,  but  until 
more  of  tlie  structure  can  be  determined  it  has  seemed  best  to  class  them 
here.  It  may  bo  noted  that  the  radial  vein  branches  sooner  than  in  Cer- 
copites. 

Tabu  of  Ihr  »/)cci>»  of  Crrropln. 
Ti!giuiiia  iiiiicolorniiH. 

Larger  HiH'cioH ;  tlitt  ti<);iiiina  ineaNiirins  til'tettii  iiiilliniett'i'H  in  Ien){tli ;  radial  vein  lioforc  fork  inn 

widt  ly  (list  ail  I  froiii  iiiarjjiii I.  ('.  sihniin. 

Sniallor  HiK'ricH ;  tlic  ti'^jiniiia  iiicaMiiriiif;  less  tliaii  tun  niilliiiuitcrs  iu  lonj^tTi ;  radial  vein  huloiii 

fork  inn  only  niiidnniltdy  diMtant.  I'loni  tlio  margin -J.  C.  OHtrirta. 

Togmina  trausvoraely  buudod 3.  C,  auffwatu. 


I 


318 


•  TFRTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1.  CkRCOPIS   8ELWYNI. 
PI.  2,  Figs.  14,  15. 

Cercoph  xelieym  Sciidd.,  Rep.  Progr.  (ieol.  Surv.  Cuu.,  1877-1878, 184B-18f>B  (1879). 

A  jmir  of  nearly  perfect  tefrniina,  reverses  of  each  otlier,  represent  a 
species  allied,  but  rather  distantly,  to  the  giji^antic  species  of  Cerco|)ida 
described  by  I  leer  from  Kadoboj.  It  diti'ers  from  them  all  in  neuration,  in 
the  form  of  the  costal  border  and  of  the  apex.  The  portion  of  the  wing 
below  the  straight  snttira  clavi  is  broken  away.  The  basal  half  of  the 
costal  margin  is  strongly  and  rather  uniformly  arcuate,  but  more  strongly 
close  to  the  base ;  the  apical  half  of  the  same  is  nearly  straight ;  the  apical 
margin  is  a  little  obliquely  and  roundly  excised,  gently  convex,  the  tip 
roundly  angulated.  The  costal  vein  parts  from  the  conmion  trunk  close  to 
the  base  and  follows  close  to  the  margin,  terminating  at  about  one-third 
way  to  the  tip :  the  radial  vein  is  directed  toward  tlie  middle  of  the  outer 
half  of  the  costal  border,  until  it  forks,  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  when  both  straight  branches  run  subparallel  toward  the  tip;  the 
ulnar  vein  also  forks  once,  half-way  between  the  base  and  the  fork  of  the 
radial  vein,  and  its  straight  branches,  with  those  of  the  radial  vein,  subdi- 
vide the  outer  half  of  the  wing  sul)e(pially,  all  being  evanescent  toward  the 
apical  margin  ;  the  sutura  clavi  reaches  as  far  as  these  veins  are  visil)le. 

Length  of  wing,  KJ..")""";  l)readth  of  wing  at  tip  of  sutura  clavi,  .">"""; 
length  of  sutura  clavi,  14""". 

Nine  Mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  64  and  6.'), 
Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson.  Geological  Survey  of  Canada. 

2.  CeRCOPIS   A8TRICTA. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  1.^. 

Reverse  and  obverse  of  the  greater  part  of  one  of  the  tegmina  of  a 
much  smaller  insect  than  the  preceding  represent  this  species;  no  part  of 
the  clavus  is  preserved  nor  even  quite  up  to  the  sutura  clavi.  The  costal 
margin  is  very  strongly  convex,  the  curve  being  strongest  in  the  middle  .so 
as  to  ap|)ear  bent:  the  apical  area  is  ecpialK  full  al)Ove  and  below,  or  only 
a  triHe  the  fuller  above,  the  margin  strongly  convex.  The  ci>stal  vein 
can  Mi»t  i)('  made  out,  and  the  radial  is  almost  equidistant  from  the  margin, 
a'ld  relatively  otdy  about  half  as  far  as  in  the  preceding  species,  before  it 


f  u 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— GERCOPID^. 


319 


forks,  when,  after  reaching^  their  widest,  the  two  forks  run  exactly  parallel 
to  the  costal  niaroin,  tiidiii<»'  in  the  darker  outer  third  of  the  whig;  the 
bi-anches  of  the  ulnar  vein  originate  as  in  the  last  species,  and  are  parallel 
to  the  radial  branches,  all  being  also  equidistant. 

Length  of  tegniiiui,  \)""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  110  and  125,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 

3.  Cercopis  suffocata. 
PI.  1»,  Figs.  2,  3. 

A  single  one  of  the  tegmina  of  an  insect  with  the  clavus  gone,  but  very 
different  in  its  markings  from  anything  known.  Its  sim])le  neuration  allies 
it  directly  with  tlie  otiier  species  referred  here ;  the  radial,  Iiowever,  is  dis- 
tant throughout  from  the  nuu-gin.  The  costal  margin  is  very  regularly  and 
considerably  convex,  and  the  apex  very  strongly  rounded,  produced,  and 
almost  pointed.  A  liroad  and  uniform  belt  of  dark  color  follows  the  costal 
margin  at  the  base  for  nearly  two-fifths  it.  course,  in  striking  contrast  to 
the  generally  pale  color  of  the  wing,  and  distally  joins  a  similar  transverse 
and  slightly  oldique  bar  crossing  the  wing  as  far  as  the  sutura  clavi ;  all  the 
base  of  the  wing,  dark  or  light,  is  finely  and  distantly  punctuate,  as  shown 
in  Fig.  2 ;  a  sectmd  transverse  and  similarly  oblique  dark  band,  slightly 
broader,  crosses  the  wing  just  befo.e  the  apex,  its  imier  border  just  striking 
the  tip  of  the  sutiu'a  clavi. 

Length  of  tegmina,  8..5'""' ;   breadth  at  tip  of  sutura  clavi,  3""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  2()2. 


PETROLYSTRA  Scudder  {TreTpu?,  Lystra,  nom.  gen.). 

I'ftrobiHlrii  .><oiuUl.,  Hull.  II.  S.  Ot'ol.  (ioojir.  Siirv.  Toir.,  IV.  'i.tO-f^U  (1878). 

One  of  tht!  most  striking  instances  of  tropical  affinities  in  the  Tertiary 
shales  of  Florissant  is  found  in  the  presence  of  two  species  of  a  genus  of 
huge  Hom(»i)tera.  rivaling  the  famous  lantern-Hy  of  South  America  in  size, 
but  dirt'ering  in  n;:niration  and  other  features  from  any  genus  hitherto  de- 
scribed. At  first  glance  otie  would  think  th;it  it  belonged  to  the  Fulgorida, 
a  subfamily  which,  with  Stridulantia,  includes  most  of  the  larger  forms  of 
the  subord.'r,  and  to  be  somewhat  nearly  allied  to  I'aralystra;  but  it  difiers 
from  this,  and,  so  far  as  1  can  determine,  from  all  Fulgorina,  in  the  minute- 


320 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTH  AMERICA. 


iiess  of  the  scutelluui,  and  must  bo  referred  instead  to  tlie  Cercopida,  althougli 
larger  than  any  species  of  that  group  which  I  find  noticed,  while  in  compar- 
ison with  the  temperate  forms  of  that  subfamily  it  is  gigantic,  most  of  our 
own  species  not  exceeding  one-fourth  its  length.  The  name  is  not  very 
well  chosen. 

The  body  is  robust,  the  head  large,  ajjparently  flat  above,  about  twice 
as  l)road  as  long,  but  considerably  naiiower  than  the  thorax,  the  front  regu- 
larly and  very  broadly  convex  ;  clypeiis  about  half  as  br(»ad  asi  the  head, 
somewhat  convex,  coarsely  carinate  down  the  middle  with  distinct  lateral 
transverse  ruga';  (»celli  indeterminate:  rostrum  shorter  than  the  breadth  of 
the  tegmina.  Thorax  broadening  posteriorly,  continuing  the  curve  of  the 
head  ;  the  front  margin  rather  dcejily  and  very  broadly  excised,  so  that 
its  middle  is  straight  and  the  lateral  angles  are  rather  sharply  angulate;  the 
hind  margin  with  very  obli(pie  sides,  so  that  the.se,  if  continued,  would  form 
less  than  a  right  angle  with  each  other,  l)nt  toward  the  middle  line  incurved, 
so  that  the  thorjix  is  rounded  posteriorly  and  excitsed  in  the  middle.  Scu- 
tellum  very  sn)all,  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  thorax  and  rather 
longer  than  broad,  tapering  more  rapidly  in  the  basal  than  in  the  apical  half 
The  fore  tibia'  a|)parciitly  unarmed,  a-id  of  the  same  length  as  the  fore 
femora;  the  apical  tarsal  joint  of  same  legs  tumid,  longer  than  the  other 
joints  cond)ine<l,  of  which  the  second  is  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal 
joint,  the  whole  leg  only  a  little  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  tegmina; 
fore  coxa'  a|)parently  in  close  proximity.  Tegmiiiii  large,  nearly  equal 
throughout,  the  inner  base  anguhirly  excised  next  the  posterior  border  of  the 
thorax,  the  apex  well  rounded,  a  little  |)roduced  anteriorly;  it  was  appar- 
ently coriaceous,  witii  little  mark  of  any  excepting  some  of  the  principal 
veins,  which  are  elevated.  The  base  of  the  costal  part  of  the  wing  is  so 
expanded,  to  give  e(piidity  to  the  wing,  tlia,  the  radial  vein  at  its  ba.se  is  very 
near  the  middle  of  rlie  tegmina,  and  (MHitiiaies  so  until  it  forks  in  the  middle 
of  the  Itasal  half  of  the  tegmina;  its  lower  branch  contiiuies  its  course;  sub- 
parallel  to  the  costal  margin,  while  the  upper  branch  curves  upward  and 
follows  close  to  the  costal  inar<.nM  until,  like  its  fellow,  it  is  lost  in  the  mem- 
brane? near  the  tip  of  the  tegmina  :  the  sutura  clavi  runs  straight  to  the  po.s- 
terior  bonier  beyond  the  middle  of  its  outer  half,  and  midwav  between  the 
two  the  radial  originates,  forking  almost  immediately,  tlie  forks  dividing  the 
inner  area  erpially  between  them,  and  in  tluMniddle  of  the  outer  half  of  the 


<k 


llEMirTEJ.'A-DOMOPTEKA-CEKCOriDvE. 


321 


., 


tegniiua  united  to  each  other  by  a  cross-vein,  to  which  they  bend ;  they  too 
are  lost  before  tlie  tip.  The  wings  are  not  sufficiently  preserved  to  charac- 
terize, but  nppear  to  agree  in  general  character  with  those  of  Triecphora. 
Abdomen  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  bod}-,  t.nperiug  regularly 
to  a  pointed  extremity. 

Table  of  the  species  of  I'elrvljislia. 

Palo  bamlN  of  tcKiiiiim  i.ccupjinjr  hardly  i.ioio  .spacH  than  tlio  dark  gromiil 1.   /•,  aimnteii 

Palo  baudH  almosi  Hiipplautiiij;  tlio  iioniial  dark  groiiud  of  tegmiua ■/  /•'.  /,„.,„] 

1.   Petrolystka  GIGANTKA. 
PI.  20,  Fig,s.  5-7. 

Petrolyslra  gigantea  Scudd.  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  (  .ogr.  Snrv.  Terr..  IV,  r.Dl-.WJ  (1878) ;  in  Zittel,  Haudb 

d.  PalH'ont.,  I,  li,  7fil,  KIg.  i>9-.>  ( 18ft-.). 

Two  nearly  jjeifect  specimens,  reverses  of  each  other,  were  picked  up 
by  a  child  just  as  I  reached  the  (piarries  at  Florissant,  on  my  first  visit  to 
them,  and  another,  a  fragment  of  a  wing,  was  afterward  found  in  the  same 
place.     The  head  was  apparently  diirk-colored,  the  thorax  not  so  dark, 
delicately  and  softlj-  shagreened,  with  a  slight  median  cni-ina     11ie  tegmina 
are  almost  similarly  rngulose;  the  costa  of  the  same  is  prett}-  .strongly  con- 
vex at  base,  very  slightly  convex  beyon<l  the  middle  of  the  basal  half;  the 
posterior  border  is  slightly  excised  at  the  tip  of  the  clavus,  and  the  outer 
margin  is  oblifpie,  being  angnlai-ly  excised  nt  the  posterior  angle,  although 
rounded  throughout.     It  is  dark,   darkest  at  base  and  gradually  grows 
lighter,  moie  fuliginous  toward  the  tip  (nlthough  all  the  specimens  do  not 
show  this),  and  is  traversed  by  four  equidistant  ti-ansverse  pale  bands,  the 
basal  one  reduced  to  a  spot  in  the  middle  of  the  extreme  base,  where  it  oc- 
cupies about  one-third  the  width  of  the  wing;  and  the  apical  one  rather 
cloudy,  half  as  broad  as  the  breadth  of  the  tip  and  as  far  from  the  tip  as 
from  either  border,  ecpial,  two  or  three  times  as  l)road  as  long,  sinuous  or 
lunate ;  the  other  two  are  more  distinct,  with  sharply  defined  borders  and 
irregularly  sinuous;  the  outer  of  the  two  traverses  the  entire  vv'ng,  touch- 
ing the  costal  border,  however,  by  only  the  tip  of  the  rounded  extremity, 
while  it  expands  upon  the  posterior  border ;  the  inner  of  the  two  is  rounded 
at  either  extremity,  tails  of  reaching  either  border,  and  is  constricted  just 
beneath  the  radial  vein  ;  both  of  these  bands  average  in  width  the  breadth 
of  the  intorspnccs. 

Vol   XIII lil 


322 


TERTIA.RY  INSECTS  OF  XOUTII  AMERICA. 


Tho  specimen  given  in  Fig.  5  is  presumed  to  be  a  hind  Ting  belonging 
to  this  species,  but  is  so  foKled  that  the  course  of  tlie  neuration  can  liardly 
be  determined  ;  it'  it  is  correctly  given  the  hind  wing  must  have  been  banded 
like  the  fore  wing. 

Length  of  body,  23.."y""';  of  head,  3.7.5""" ;  of  thora.\,  -i-o""" ;  of  abdo- 
men, lrt.2:)""";  width  of  lu-ad  7"'"':  of  clypous,  3.S""";  length  of  rostrum, 
8  5™";  width  of  thorax  behind,  -S  A'"'" ;  length  of  .scutellum,  3""";  its  breadth 
at  base,  -i.j"™;  length  of  tegmina,  2'J.b""";  width  next  base,  10.6""";  near 
tip,  8.5™"'. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  62,  411  and  412,  11241. 

2.    PeTKOLYSTUA   UER08. 

PI.  20,  Fig.  8. 

Petrohjsira  heros  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Guogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  532  (1878). 

A  single  sj)ecimen  shows  one  of  the  tegmina  in  a  good  state  of  preser- 
vation, together  with  both  fore  logs.  It  ditiers  from  P.  gigantea  in  the 
broader  bands  of  the  tegmina  and  in  the  form  of  the  latter,  the  posterior 
border  being  slightly  fuller  at  the  base,  so  as  to  make  that  part  of  the  wing 
])roportionally  broader,  while  the  posterior  angle  of  the  tip  is  not  obliquely 
excised,  making  tho  extremity  truncate  rather  than  pointed.  Tlie  bands  hav(^ 
expanded  so  as  to  occu])y  the  larger  part  of  the  witig  ;  the  basal  sjjot  occu- 
pies the  entire  base  from  border  to  Ijonler  (excepting  the  very  root)  as  far 
as  an  oblicjue  transverse  line.  sul)parallel  U>  tho  inner  basal  edge  of  tho 
winsf,  and  distant  from  tho  root  noarly  half  the  widtii  of  tho  wing:  it  also 
infringes  upon  tliiit  bordoriiig  line  by  a  largo  semicircular  excision  in  the 
niichlle  ;  the  apical  spot  is  very  noarly  as  long  as  broad,  and  stops  just  short 
of  the  margin  on  all  throe  sides  of  tho  fipox,  and  in  the  middle  of  tho  wing 
breaks  through  tho  intervening  dark  stripe  into  the  outer  of  the  two  middle 
Ijands ;  the.se  two  middle  bands  are  also  much  broader  than  in  the  other 
species,  but  not  to  so  grtjat  a  degree  as  tho  extreme  l»ands  ;  they  reach  from 
border  to  Ijorder,  and  are  unitoil  to  each  otiier  and  to  tho  basal  spot  along  the 
sutura  clavi :  the  wing  thoroforo  has  tho  appoaranci;  rather  of  being  pale, 
with  three  transverse  durk  strijios,  wiiich  are  broad  (and  tho  outer  two 
triangular)  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  tegmina,  narrow,  sinuous,  and  broken 
on  the  posterior  halt. 


IIKMII'TKKA-HOMOPTKHA— CEUCOriD^E. 


323 


Lerigtli  of  tegmiiia,  28.2ry""' ;  width  at  base,  10.8"'"';  at  tip,  7.2"'"'; 
length  of  fore  femora,  4.5""" :  fore  tibi.T,  f)"'"  ;  fore  tarsi,  2.75""" ;  first  tarsal 
joint,  0.8""";  last  tarsal  Joint,  1.7'""';   claws,  0.5'""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  11829. 


LC){JHn\t^]S  gen.  nov.  (Loeris,  uom.  gen.). 

Hody  stout.  Head  large,  protuberant,  well  rounded,  not  angulated  in 
front,  though  subtriangular.  Thorax  transverse,  more  tiian  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  truncate  both  in  front  and  behind.  Scutellum  moderately  large, 
equiangular,  the  angles  sharp.  Tegmina  large,  full,  about  two  and  a  half 
times  longer  than  broad,  with  strongly  ciu-ved  costal  margin,  tapering  con- 
siderably in  theii-  apical  half,  the  apex  roundly  angulated ;  the  radial  vein 
forking  well  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  before  that  widely  separated 
from  the  margin,  midway  between  which  and  it  the  costal  vein  runs ;  ulnar 
vein  much  as  in  the  species  here  referred  to  Cercopis.  Hoth  middle  and 
hind  femora  are  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  their  respective  tibi:r.  Abdo- 
men stout,  tapering  conically  in  the  apical  half. 

To  this  genus  evidently  belongs  Cercopis  haidingeri  lleer  from  Radoboj, 
Croatia,  which  is  slightly  larger  than  the  larger  of  the  two  species  from 
Florissant  we  place  here. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Locritea. 

LiirgorHpecies;  tegmina  uniformly  mottled  in  generally  diatribntcd  blotches 1.  L.  copei. 

Smaller  species;  markings  of  togniiua  confined  to  obsenro  transverse  darker  bands  in  the  basal  two- 
thirds  of  the  wing 2.L.whitei. 

1.    LOCRITES   COPEI. 
PI.  21,  Fig.  19. 

In  one  of  the  specimens  referred  here,  the  one  figured,  the  dorsal  sur- 
face is  shown,  but  wilh  many  of  the  ventral  parts  showing  through.  The 
tegmina,  however,  as  in  many  of  the  insects  from  Florissant,  appear  as  if 
bleached  out,  and  the  real  markings  lost;  for  tlie.se  we  have  to  go  to  the 
second  f.pecimen,  preserved  upon  a  side  viev,  which  shows  a  delicate  mot- 
tling of  dark,  circular  or  transverse,  minutt  spots,  more  or  less  clustered 
into  larger  but  still  small  roundish  blotches,  pretty  evenly  distributed,  but 
absent  from  the  extreme  tip ;  the  sutin-a  davi  is  verv  distinct  and  heavy, 


I 


324 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMRUICA. 


and  the  whole  of  the  clavus  obscure.  The  head,  thorax,  and  scutelhim 
appear  to  bo  uniformly  and  deeply  sulcate  (or  carina  ■  if  No.  9374  is  an 
obverse). 

Length  of  body,  1.^)5""";  of  tegniina,  14""";  breadth  of  thorax,  5.6"""; 
combined  tegmina,  10""". 

Named  for  Pr  )f.  E.  D.  Cope,  of  Philadolphia,  tlio  distinguished  and 
versatile  paleontologist  aiul  collaborator  of  tiie  llaydon  Survey. 

Florissant.  Two  specinieu.s,  Nos.  9374,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collec- 
tion 1.903. 

2.    LOCRITES    WHITEI. 
PI.  21,  Fig.  17. 

The  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  represent  the  dorsal  surface  of  an 
insect  with  closed  wing?.  The  head  is  relatively  broader  than  in  the  last 
species,  with  a  similar  though  much  slighter  mediodorsal  sulcation ;  the 
ocelli  appear  to  be  nearer  together  than  to  the  eyes.  The  body  is  black, 
and  the  tegmina  dark  fuliginous,  but  permitting  the  bhick  abdomen  to  be 
seen  through  them ;  the  distal  half  appears  to  be  uniform,  but  the  ba.sal 
half  to  be  transversely  banded  by  broad  darker  bars,  between  which  and 
between  the  basal  bar  and  the  base  the  tegmina  are  slightly  lighter  than  the 
normal  grotmd,  accentuating  the  bands. 

Length  cf  body,  13.25""";  tegmii  ,  Pi""';  breadth  of  thorax,  5"""; 
combined  tegmina,  7"'"". 

Named  for  my  colleague,  Dr.  C.  A.  White,  one  of  the  paleontological 
collaborators  of  the  Hayden  Survey. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  8313  and  8314. 

PALECPIIORA  gen.  nov.  (rraAa/o?,  eutpopd). 

Allied  to  Triecphora  in  ueuratiou,  but  with  a  more  .slender  habit  and 
relatively  far  smaller  diivus.  Head  suborl)icular,  about  half  as  broad  as 
tiio  thorax,  the  front  well  roinider),  in  no  sense  angulate,  with  a  slight  longi- 
tudinal carina;  ocpjli  posteriorly  |)laced.  much  nearer  together  tliaii  to  the 
eyes.  Thorax  rathi-r  bntadcr  than  long,  tlie  front  and  posterior  margins 
truncate,  the  sides  annulate,  .so  as  to  be  as  a  wholi*  transversely  hexanguhar, 
but  more  or  less  roundtjd,  .so  as  often  to  appear  sul)orl)i(rnlar ;   marked  indis 


I 


. 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEBA— CERCOPID^B. 


325 


tiiictly  witl»  a  faint  mediiui  siilcatioii  and  in  the  middle  of  the  lateral  halves, 
anteriorly,  with  posteriorly  converging  similar  carina;,  to  be  seen  only  in 
clear  specimens.  Scutellum  moderately  large,  snbequiangular,  slightly 
broader  than  long,  the  sides  faintly  concave,  continuous  with  the  angles  of 
the  thorax,  the  base  truncate^  the  tip  sharply  pointed.  Tegmina  long  oval, 
the  clavus  occupying  not  more  than  a  fifth  of  the  whole,  which  is  fully  two 
and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  tapering  only  at  the  extreme  tip  and 
roundly  pointed  slightly  above  the  middle  line,  the  costal  margin  pretty 
strongly  convex  ;  the  costal  vein  appoars  to  bo  lacking;  the  radial  with  its 
outer  fork  runs  in  one  continuous  line  parallel  co  the  costal  margin  through- 
out and  at  a  moderate  distance  from  it ;  its  inner  fork  parts  from  it  a  very 
little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  ulr.ar  forking  considera,bly  before 
the  middle ;  all  these  branches  parallel  and  united  by  subcontinuous  cross- 
veins  parallel  to  the  apical  mr.rofni,  from  the  middle  of  each  of  which  the  lon- 
gitudinal veins  continue  to  the  margin,  one  or  two  of  the  upper  ones  (and 
especially  the  second)  usually  widely  forked,  forming  apical  cells  nearly  a 
sixth  the  length  of  the  wing;  besides  this,  straight  but  rather  strongly 
oblique  cross- veins  connect  the  upper  radial  branch  to  the  margin;  all  of 
this  minor  venation  is  sometimes  obscured  by  the  opacity  of  the  membrane. 
AVings  a  little  shorter  than  the  tegmina,  of  the  usual  form,  the  marginal  vein 
continuous;  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  united  by  a  straight  cross- 
vein  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing,  the  second  bent 
down  to  meet  it  ;  third  and  fourth  similarly  united  scarcely  beyond  the 
middle  of  tlie  wing,  the  fourth  deeply  forked,  almost  to  the  cross-vein,  the 
lower  branch  abruptly  curved  at  base.  Legs  short  and  slender,  the  fore  and 
middle  pair  of  nearly  the  same  length,  the  hind  pair  a  little  longer ;  all  the 
femora  and  particularly  the  hind  pair  very  short,  not  reaching  the  sides  of 
the  body,  scarcely  broader  than  the  slightly  enlarged  apex  of  the  tibia; ; 
tibiic  longer  than  the  femora,  in  the  hind  pair  twice  as  long  and  with  two 
pairs  of  vspines ;  tarsi  consideraldy  shorter  than  the  tibia\  in  the  fore  and 
middle  legs  shorter,  in  the  hind  legs  longer,  than  the  femora ;  in  the  hind 
legs  the  first  joint  is  slightly  shorter  than  the  third,  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
the  second,  the  Hm^  and  secoiid  with  short  spines  at  the  apex  beneatli ;  third 
joint  at  base  half  as  wide  as  the  second,  enlarging  in  the  apical  half.  Abdo- 
men full,  long  ovate,  bluntly  pointed. 


326  TKirrrAKY  iNHKrrs  or  noijtii  amkrica. 

This  gomis  \h  the  most  iibiiiKliinlly  nipn'sontod  in  imlividiialH  of  any  of 
the  Hoiiioptoni  of  Fhirissant.  It  is  also  rich  in  spocios.  In  neuriition  it 
iigreos  very  cUisely  with  Trit'cphora  and  Tomaspis,  but  is  niucli  slenderer 
than  they,  has  a  pattern  of  coloration  (explained  inuh'r  tlie  first  species) 
pecuharly  its  own,  while  the  hind  tibia  have  two  pairs  of  s|)ines,  and  tlu^ 
tarsi  are  apioally  spinous  in  a  similar  manner.  The  len}>;th  of  the  terminal 
tarsal  joint  and  the  orbicular  form  of  the  head  are  also  characteristic. 

Six  species  have  l)een  recognized,  which  may  be  separated  by  the  fol- 
lowin<f  table : 

Tiibtv  ('/  till  Kiniiin  of  I'liliijiliiirii, 

<tf  liirj;ii  Hizi'.     Koro  winnH  more  or  Ii'hm  <li»tiiK'll,v  spoltt'il. 

Apiciil  sputa  coiiiirctcil  liy  ii  haiiil  liurilcriii^  tin'  wlioli'  niir\. 

■\  (liHtinct  spilt.  Ill  tlio  (ciitor  «('  thu  basiil  lialf  iil  tlio  winj; 1.  /'.  maculala. 

\o  spot  ill  till!  iriiti>r  of  tlio  basiil  lialt'ol'  llin  win); 'i.  /'.  pnlrlnila. 

No  baiiil  lioriliTiii;;  tlio  iiprx. 

\'riiiH  of  till-  liiri'  win(;.s  ilistiiut,  rKporially  llir  noKS-vriti-.  on  llir  oiiIit  liiiif  nl  tlio  insliil  lioi- 

iUt;  NpotH  iiiiiiii'roiis  anil  usually  dislint'l !!./'.  miiri  iiici. 

VeiiiM  of  till'  fi>ri>  wiiijj  iiiilifttinrt,  tlir  spiit-  iiNiiallv  incur  nr  Ii-.sip1i-iiii'.  only  lliat  iirar  tlii  fiiil 
of  till!  Mitiira  c'lavi  ilistinet. 
Most  of  tlio  spots  of  tbo  iimrKiiix  "f  iln'  wiiij;  'iiuirabli'  !>  it  olisniir,  cxi'i'ptiii);  as  abiivr. 
*  t.  /'.  comHiHiii*. 

Mont  of  till!  spots  of  till'  iniiigiiisnr  tlio  wiii^  wholly  iililitoratcil,  exrupt  as  i>biivi',  but  tin- 

base  of  tlio  costa  nsnally  iiifiiKcati'il .").  /'.  prirraleim. 

Of  meiUiiiii  size.     Kor«  wIukh  niiicoloroiis t>.  /'.  innniiila. 


1.    PaLECPMORA    MACl'LATA. 
1*1.  !.'(»,  Fi<;8.  10,  17. 

This  is  the  most  profusely  spotted  of  all  the  Palecphora-.  The  bead 
and  body  are  uniformly  dark,  and  the  wings  inendjranous  and  without 
markings,  but  the  tegmina  are  generally  very  distinctly  and  always  very 
al)undantly  marked  with  dtn-k  fuliginous,  subequal  spots  on  a  pale  ground. 
There  is  a  heavy  basal  striga  on  the  costal  margin,  thickening  distally,  all 
within  the  basal  fifth  of  the  wing,  and  accompanied  by  a  triangular  oj)])os- 
ing  cloud  on  the  .sciitellar  margin,  reaching  the  tip  of  the  scutellum  and 
leaving  between  it  and  the  l)asal  striga  only  a  narrow,  longitudinal  strip  of 
pale  ground  at  the  base  of  the  \eins;  next  the  opening  of  this,  at  the  basal 
parting  of  the  veins,  is  another  longitudinally  triangular  spot ;  at  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  seated  on  the  costal  margin  and  on  the  sutnra  (davi  but  not 
invading  the  clavus,  is  a  pair  (»f  further  spots  subtjuadrate  or  subtriangu- 
lar.  their  apices  directed  i>bli(|iii'l\   inward   .nid   towards  the  apex;   in  the 


IIKMIl'TKlJA-IKXMOI'TKUA-CEUOnU.*}. 


327 


same  modian  region  is  anotlicr  suhrjiiadratoHpot  in  the  clavua  seated  on  the 
margin  and  generally  limited  interiorly  by  the  anal  vein,  along  which  it 
may  send  shoots  in  either  direction  ;  at  eqnal  and  not  great  distances  from 
the  apical  n)argin  is  another  pair  of  transverse  siibquadrangular  spots  close 
to  but  not  fairly  seated  upon  the  costal  margin  and  sutura  clavi,  which  are 
sometimes  connected  by  a  narrow  fringing  band  wliicli  hugs  the  apical 
margin,  though  this  band  is  sometimes  reduced  to  an  apical  cloud  which 
barely  reaches  the  sjmts  on  either  side.  The  spots  may  thus  bo  designated  as 
basal,  subbaaal,  median  (costo-median,  suturo-niodian,  and  clavo-median), 
subapical,  and  apical.  The  neuration  of  the  tegmina  can  rarely  be  distin- 
guished exce))t  in  the  most  general  way  as  regards  the  main  veins,  but 
where  the  markings  are  most  obscure,  as  in  specimens  which  have  some- 
what of  a  bleached  appearance,  the  minor  neuration  of  the  apex  of  the 
wings  can  be  discovered  faintly. 

Length  of  body,  lO.r.""";  of  tegmina,  T.f)"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3.5°"°. 

Florissant.  Ten  specimens,  Nos.  022,  3016,  345H,  3534,  3734,  5344, 
11237,  13324,  13557,  16351. 


2.  PaLECPIIORA    PATEFAf'TA. 

PI.  7,  Fig,  7. 

In  this  species,  the  only  one  yet  found  elsewhere  than  at  Florissant, 
the  markings  of  the  tegmina  are  much  the  same  as  in  P.  maculata,  but  are 
somewhat  reduced,  and,  what  is  moi-e  remarkable,  the  subbasal  spot  is  ab- 
sent ;  this  point  seems  to  be  sufficiently  clear,  tliough  the  outspread  teer- 
mina  are  preserved  in  a  fragmentary  manner,  curiously  most  perfect  just 
where  the  spots  occur,  as  though  the  pigment  bore  some  part  in  tiieir  pres- 
ervation     No  veins  are  visible. 

Length  of  body,  lO™"';  of  tegmina.8.5'"™;  breadth  of  thorax,  3"™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  1  and  143,  Prof.  Leslie 
A.  Lee. 

3.  Palecphora  marvinei. 

PI.  20,  Figs.  11-13;  PI.  21,  Figs.  9,  12. 

This  species  is  remarkable  for  tlie  great  distinctness  with  which  ordi- 
narily (the  considerable  distinctness  invariably)  the  complete  neuration  of 
the  apical  half  of  the  wing  is  seen,   as  described  under  the  genus.     The 


328 


TKirriAKY  iNaKtrm  of  north  amkhioa. 


innrkln^s  of  tlm  t<';jfiuiiui  iiro  iiHiiiilly  very  distinct,  ort|»i'('iiilly  tliosc  of  tlin 
inner  marfirin,  wliero  the  Hultiipiciil  spot  is  most  conspicuous.  Both  ))iihu1 
spots  iiro  present,  l>ut  tlio  scutollar  much  reduced  jiiul  often  obscure;  the 
subbasal  is  always  absent,  as  far  as  I  liave  seen:  (»f  tlie  mudiun  spots  tlie 
costo-niediau  is  never  present,  and  tiie  sntuni-mediau  y;eneraily  obscure, 
often  removed  away  from  the  suture  and  frcMpiently  absent,  while  t)'" 
chivo-modian  is  always  present  and  {generally  distinct ;  the  snbapical  spot 
of  the  costal  margin  is  lu^'cr  more  than  faintly  indicato<l  if  present,  and  the 
api(;al  nuu'ginal  band  invariably  absent. 

Leiiffth  of  body,  lo""";  of  te<,''mina,  «""'" ;  !)readth  (tf  thorax,  ."{.f)""". 

Named  for  the  late  Archibald  l\^)bert^■on  Marvine,  one  of  the  active  and 
acute  geoloffistK  of  the  llaydcn  Survey. 

Florissant.  Eleven  specimens,  No.s.  KIH.'J,  ;5(»1K),  aSOl,  4256,  44;{1, 
5761,  6484,  H743,  915S  and  92.54,  12978.  1.3578. 

4.   PaI-K("PH<»1{A  commitnis. 
I'l.  lid.  I'i^'.s.  .'{,  L'O.  -Jl. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  tln^  last,  hardly  ditferinjr  from  it  except 
in  the  obscurity,  not  always  al).solute,  of  the  ncin-atioii  of  tin*  tejjmina, 
indicatinjjf  a  more  coriaceous  texture  to  the  same.  It  is  slijihtly  smaller 
as  a  rule,  though  some  specimens  are  i,.i  larj^e  as  many  of  I',  marvinei. 
The  8j)ots  of  the  tegmina  are  also  much  the  same  as  there,  but  thouj^h  the 
lower  snbapical  spot  is  sometimes  tin;  "idy  one  which  is  consj»icuous  it 
Usually  shares  its  distinction  with  all  the  others  of  the  inner  marjjin,  while 
rarely  are  any  of  those  of  the  costal  mar;>in  .seen  at  all,  except  the  basal 
one,  the  costo-median  being  almost  invariably  absent  and  never  conspicu- 
ous, being  wrongly  represented  as  of  nnich  too  deep  a  tint  in  Fig.  3 ;  the 
subbasal  spot  and  apical  band  are  never  present,  and  the  suturo-median  spot 
is  never  more  tl..ji  a  faint  cloud. 

Length  of  body,  9.2.'»""" ;  of  tegmina,  7..'j""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3"'"'. 

Floris.sant.  Thirty-four  specimens.  No.s.  l.")!t,  20S7,  4476,  475!t,  5189, 
5720,  5862,  5911,  59.50,  6524,  6636,  74116,  8037,  8()!»8,  8894,  H937,  8969, 
9218,  10681,  11009,  11767,  12468,  12471,  12984,  13000,  l;{568,  13570, 
13577,  13580.  13581,  13584,  14187,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collection  1.320, 
1  826  and  l.s;{(i. 


. 


HKMIl'TKUA— llO.MurTKItA— (JUKCOIMD.K. 


329 


f).    PAI.Kf'l'lloKA    HK.V.VAI.KNH. 
I'l.  L'O,  Fif;.  I  :   I'l. '-'I,  V\n.  'J. 

riiis  spt'cios,  l)y  tar  tlin  most  (■(niiiiioii  of  iill  tlif  llomoptura  of  f'^loriH- 
muit,  is  K)UHt  liouvily  timrkod  iimoiiff  till  tlioso  Pul(Mi|)lioriii  which  nhow 
phiiiily  tho  iiit'onorsuhiipiciil  spot.  'I'his  is  iiMimlly  present,  and  soinotimes, 
thou;4'h  very  rarely,  distinct,  whilo  tlu*  otluM-  spots  are  almost  wholly 
(discurod  or  appear  as  (doiids,  except,  indeed,  the  snperior  costal  spot,  which 
appears  as  a  thickeiiin};-  of  tho  base  of"  tho  costa  sli}>htly  enlarffed  distally, 
and  is  rarely  ahsent,  usually  t(deral>ly  distinct,  almost  always  slender,  and 
tho  costa  is  souuitimes  a  little  thickened  l)eyon(i  the  enlar<r«nnent  at  tho 
iiorinul  8|u>t.  The  species  is  oue  of  the  luryest  in  size,  hut  only  to  a  sliyht 
degree. 

Length  of  body,  l().r)-ll""";  of  tegmina,  8'""';  l>readth  of  thorax,  ;j-3.5""". 

Florissant.     About  .seventy-tive  s))ocimens,  aini.ng  which  tho  best  are 

No8.  r)4;»,  820,  1304,  'MW'i,  r)2.-.!>,  WO.W,  GS(I7,  7742,  8008  and  8081,  8035, 

10383,   11236,   117(i2,   13.')67.   1357fi,  and  from  the  I'rinceton  Collection 

1.710,  1.838. 

G.  Paleci'hora  inoknata. 

IM.  L'a,  Fij,'.  i">. 

In  striking  contrrt.st  to  tlu*  other  species  of  Florissant  I'alecphone,  this 
species  ia  represented  by  a  single  specimen,  which  differs  greatly  from  them. 
It  is  of  considerably  smaller  size  than  the  others  (which  are  very  uniform 
in  this  particular),  and  shows  but  the  faintest  tra(;e  of  markings,  while  tho 
whole  of  tho  tegmina  is  fuliginous  instead  (»f  pallid,  with  scarcely  percepti- 
blj-  darker  tones  at  tho  extreme  tip  (not  given  in  the  figure),  and  at  the 
position  of  the  inferior  subapical  and  costo-niedinn  spots;  the  sutiira  davi 
is  distinctly  marked  by  a  dark  line. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""" ;  of  tegmina,  6""" ;   breadth  of  thorax,  2""". 

Flori.ssanf.     One  specimen,  No.  (]09, 

]AT\lVX:V]U)l{\  <ron.uov  {\iOnc,  tiupopd). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Pnlecphora,  having  precisely  the  same 
neuration  in  the  hind  wings,  but  differing  principally  in  the  form  and  struct- 
ure of  tlie  tegnuna.  These  are  less  ovate  in  forn»,  the  margins  being  almo.st 
or  (piife  parallel  and   tla^  apical  margin  .synmietrically  rouiuled,  instead  of 


aao  TKHTIAUY    INHKUTS  Of  NOUTII    AMKUKIA. 

Iiiiviiiff  the  ii|))-x  iihov)'  tlii>  iiiidillr  ;  tlin  (umtal  iniir^riii  iiImo  {k  niiicli  tlii(>k<.>n<><l, 
iiiiil  ill  (Hie  s|ii'<'i('>  III  It'ii^t  iiniicil  willi  nIioi'I  Itristlcn  :  llioiinrli  tlin  Hiilmtaiico 
oC  flio  t(i^iiiiiiu  i^  trillions,  |ici-iiiittiu^  tlm  voiiiH  nt'  tlio  win^M  hoiioiith  tliciii 
to  III*  n'lulily  vLsililf,  nt  Icnst  in  llicir  lowrr  half,  tlio  wlu)l(»  in  iniimtoly 
tlioiifrli  t'ct'lily  iiinl  ilistaiitly  |MiU(>titiit«>,  iiioif  foiispicuoiiH  on  tliu  baHal  than 
the  apiciil  liiill' 

7'fiA/c  oj  till  «;nT(f«  of  l.ilhfi  iihoril. 

('natal  innrKiii  of  It'KiiiInn  ilir<tlnrt1y  tlilckciKil. 

Ti>Kiiiiiiii\vitli  I  hi-  i'ii«tal  iiiiti'KiMliiinfli'il  jiiiil  A  larxt'  palliil  patt'lijimt  lioyondtlieiiiiilillv.l.  L.tfllnna. 

TeKiiiiiia  w  llli  tlir  inNiiil  riiaiKin  tlil<  Kini'il  lull  not  ))rl'<tli'il  aixl  ulth  mi  |iiillitl  |ia(('li..V.  l..iUai>liaiia. 
Cimtul  iiiar^ii.  <•(  Ir^iiiliiii  nut  ilinliin  tl.v  I Iiii'Im'IhmI. 

Ti'({iiilna  »  It  limit  iimtal  iiiarkiiiKit U.  I.,  uniinlor. 

Ti'tcuiiiia  with  lontul  iiiiirkiUK>* 4.  /..  murntii, 

1.    lilTHKCl'HOKA    MKTIQKRA. 
I'l.  ^'0,   KiR.  Ii2. 

A  Hiiijj^lo  Hpof'inioji  is  known,  ol)taint'<l  by  tliu  I'rincoton  Clolle^^e  KxptMll- 
tldii  'I'lie  wiiij^s  (»t  tlitf  iij;lit  sido  are  partly  expanded,  luit  tlio  anterior 
fxtrt'iiiity  III'  till'  hiidy  is  iniicli  lirokcii ;  tin-  niarjfiiis  of  the  te^inina  are 
ri'inarkalily  parallel,  tin-  costal  cd/rf  f'riii<fed  with  very  Hhort  sj)inons  bristles; 
ihi'  apical  iiiai';;iii  is  very  ii';;iiliiil\  rounded,  the  apex  lalliii;,'  in  the  middle. 
The  boily  is  black  and  the  tejrnnna  j)ale  t"iili;,nnons,  with  a  larji^e  roiiiitlish 
pallid  patch  on  the  costal  iiiarf^in,  crossinir  alxmt  two-thirds  ot'  the  win<^,  its 
inner  border  at  the  middle  ot' the  win<j. 

liCii^th  otbod\   (partly  estimated),  7.2"»' ;   breadth  of  thorax,  ^.Tr)"'"' ; 

ieiif^th  of  teyniina,  (>""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1.121,  l'riiu;eton  Collection. 


2.    lilTHECt'noRA    UUPHANA. 
I'l.  '21,  Kit,'.  »•<• 


A  siii<rle  sjiecimeii  is  known,  preserved   on  a  dorsal  view  with  tlie  teg- 
mina   and  wiii^s   half  cxiianded.      i'lie   body  is  dark   brown,  the  tegmina 


apparently  iliapiiaiious  o 


r  almost  .so,  at  least  in  the  lower  half,  for  the  vein> 


if  the  wings  show  through   them   |)erfeetly:  the  costal   margin   is  nearlv 
straight,  but  has  a  slight  and  constant  conve.xitv,  so  that  the  two  margins 


are  not  ipnte  paralii 


I ;   this  same   mariiiii  is  much  thickened,  nion^  so  in  the 


IIKMII'TKUA-IIO.MUI'TKUA     (KIM  nl'lhr,. 


:!81 


liatiiil  liiilt'  tliiiii  tlic  iiiIkt  h|ic(>i(tK,  hut  tlii'ir  is  no  himm  >,(  H|)in<)UH  luiirH,  iumI 
tlio  tc^iiiiiiii  tint  ninrc  puiiitcil  at  tip 

l,i)ii<,'tli  of  body,  S ;  t.l' tt^^iiiiiiiii.  7 ';   hrciultli  of  tlmniv.  2.76""" 

J''loiiH«iuit.      Oiitt  sjx^ciincii,  No.  .10. 

.'{.    LlTIIK(;iMK)KA    I'NICOLOK. 
PI.  21,  l-'iRH.  ».  5,  II,  M. 

Tills  sooiuH  to  bo  an  abiiinlaiit  himm  ics,  it'  all  tbo  HpcciinciiH  1  Imvo  n*- 
forre«l  t(»  it  biilong  heni,  but  not  a  «iii}iil(*  oiKt  is  woU  [jroHorvod,  ami  if  cor- 
rectly placed  it  must  liavcj  boon  an  exceptionally  derKrate  insiM-t.  'I'lu;  most 
that  can  lio  said  of  it  in  distinction  from  theotlifr  species  is  that  the  fcjiinina 
ant  shmder,  I'ldly  three  times  us  lon^^as  broad,  with  tohtrably  distinct  veins 
thron<4'hout,  thti  <'(»stal  border  sli;^htly  eiirvod  at  oxtrtsme  base  and  jfradiudly 
tailing;  to  join  the  apical  mar<rin  on  the  api<-al  fourth  of  the  win^-,  the  apex 
Hlijjhtly  produced  and  perfectly  synunetrical ;  they  sIujvv  no  sijyus  of  thick- 
enin<(  of  the  costal  lu  irgin  and  were  evidently  without  markinj(s.  The  hind 
tibite  appear  to  be  loiij^er  than  in  the  other  species. 

U'lijrth  of  body,  7.2:)""";  of  te},nnina,r)""" :   breadth  of  thorax,  2' 

Florissant.  About  tifty  specimens,  of  which  (he  best  are  Xos.  1970, 
r)4(K),  11103,  12447,  13337,  14178. 


4.    LlTIIKCPHOHA    MUUATA. 
PI.  :J1,  Kins.  3,  8. 

This  species  Is  larger  than  the  precedinj^,  which  it  much  resembles,  dif- 
ferinj;  from  it  in  imitatin<>'  to  a  certain  extent  the  markings  characteristic  of 
Palecphora-.  The  tegmina  are  slender,  nearly  three  and  a  half  times  longer 
than  broad,  with  the  costal  border  strongly  shouldereil  at  base  and  scarcely 
declining  at  tij),  the  apex  broadly  and  synunotrically  rounded  and  in  no 
way  prodiu'cd  :  the  venation  is  very  feeble  ,ind  t'ltf  markings,  dark  on  a 
light  ground,  consist  of  a  basal  ciKstal  striga  and  two  cloudy  transverse 
streaks,  only  on  the  costa  at  .dl  distinct  and  there  obscure,  <iividing  the 
wing  into  nearly  (-(puil  thirds.     .Vil  the  specimens  are  poor. 

Length  of  body,  9'"'" :  of  tegmiiia,6.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.9°"". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  No.s.  912,  11007,  12776. 


TOO 


TRRTIAFIY  INSKCT8  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I»KlNi<:Cl*HoKA  gen.  iiov.  {jrpiv,  htqinpd). 

Allied  to  l'ii)<'C}<;iora,  but  of  a  still  slenderer  form,  and  in  markings 
resembling  Triecpliori,  than  which  it  is  far  more  slender.  Head  half  as 
broad  as  the  thora.x,  loss  than  half  as  long  as  broad,  very  blnntly  rounded, 
and  in  no  sen.se  angulate  in  front,  the  njiddle  with  an  exceedingly  slight 
longitudinal  carina.  Thorax  as  in  Palecphora,  as  also  the  scutellum,  except- 
ing that  it  is  equiangular.  Tegmina  slender,  almost  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  with  nearly  parallel  sides,  relatively  straight  costa  and  broadly 
rounded  sj-mmetrical  apex ;  clavus  occupying  about  one-fourth  of  the  wing, 
tei..nnating  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  same;  neuration  obscure 
but  apparently  with  rathrr  long  apical  cells  Wings  and  neuration  as  in 
Palecphora,  but  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  not  (juite  so  deeply  forked 
and  the  fork  more  syni'iietrical.  Legs  very  imperfectly  preserved  in  the 
specimens  known,  but  apparentl}'  a  little  longer  than  in  Palecphora.  Abdo- 
men very  full,  tapering,  the  apical  segments  pinched. 

A  single  species  is  known,  o.ie  of  the  prettiest  of  the  F^lorissant  Ilomop- 
tera. 

PkINKCI'HORA    lULTKATA. 
PI.  20,  Fig.  It. 

Head  and  thorax  rtneiy  granulated,  the  eyes  apparently  margined  nar- 
rowly witii  black.  Tegniina  similarly  out  less  conspicuously  granulated, 
Idackish  fuliginous,  deeper  in  tint  on  the  basal  than  on  the  apical  half, 
marked  with  two  broatl,  jjale,  transverse  bands,  which  are  br(»adest  <m  the 
costal  margin  ;  the  iirst  occupies  the  base,  crossing  the  entire  wing,  and  is 
bounded  outwardly  by  a  curved  line,  angulate  at  the  sutura  clavi,  which 
runs  from  about  the  and  of  tho  basal  third  of  the  costal  margin  inward  ;  the 
second,  sometimes  narrowly  coiniected  wirii  the  first  along  the  costal  edge, 
runs  from  the  costal  margin  to  the  sutura  clavi  as  the  amalgamation  of  two 
spots:  a  circular  (>ne  resting  on  the  sutura,  its  inner  edge  at  the  center  of 
the  wing,  and  a  triangular  one,  its  base  seated  on  the  (M»stal  margin  and  its 
apex  about  the  ceTiter  of  the  circular  spot. 

Length  of  body,  T.T.')'"";  of  tegmina,  (i"";  breadth  of  thorax,  2..')""". 

Florissant.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  888G>  9l!t8,  11774,  and  from  the 
Princeton  CoHecti.-ii,  l.f)()4. 


(i 


UEMIPTERA— UOMOPTBKA— (JEKCOJ'IU^E. 


333 


61 


Subtiamily  APHKOPHORIDA  Stdl. 

Very  few  fossils  liave  been  referred  to  this  group  of  Cercopidse,  as  com- 
pared witli  the  other,  althougli  in  temperate  regions  at  the  present  day  the 
Aplirophorida  are  in  excess.  Heer  and  others  have  described  a  mimber  of 
species  from  the  P^uropean  'J'ertiaries,  both  in  the  rocks  and  in  amber,  and 
these  have  all  been  referred  to  the  single  genus  Aplirophora.  There  are, 
however,  a  number  of  others  regarded  by  Meer  as  si)ecies  of  Ctrcopis,  winch 
must  c(Mtainly  be  referred  to  the  Aplirophorida,  if  his  figures  are  at  all  cor 
rect ;  such  are  C  fasciata  and  C.  pallida,  probably  also  C.  oeningensis  and 
perhaps  C.  rectelinea.  The  same  is  true  of  Germar's  C.  n;plrena  from  amber. 
As  already  stated,  the  species  from  Florissant  1  formerly  regarded  as  related 
to  Ptyelus  turn  out  to  be  true  Cercopida,  but  there  nevertheless  appear  at 
this  same  station  not  only  an  ol)scure  form  temporarily  referred  to  Aphro- 
phora,  but  two  other  forms  of  considerable  interest,  one  of  which  aproors  to 
be  a  distinct  type,  which  I  have  called  Palaphrodes,  with  several  species, 
most  of  them  tolerably  abundant ;  the  other,  a  single  specimen,  which  must 
be  referred  latitudinally  to  the  highly  specialized  existing  Clastoptera. 

PALAPIIHODES  gen.  nov.  (TraXaio?,  dtppcUhf?). 

Stout  bodi(;d,  of  oval  form.  Head  well  rounded  in  front,  nearly  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  reaching  on  either  side  posteriorly  tlie  more  sloping  por- 
tion of  the  front  of  the  aiitenorly  angulate  and  rounded  thorax  and  there- 
fore considerably  narrower  than  it.  Ocelli  as  far  from  each  other  as  from 
the  eyes.  Thorax  hexangular,  the  lateral  sides  the  shortest,  and  after  that 
the  central  portion  of  the  posterior  border,  which  is  .slightly  shorter  than  the 
oblique  portions,  the  whole  thorax  half  as  broad  again  as  long  and  notcari- 
nate.  Scutellum  rather  small,  e(iuiangular,  all  the  sides  straight  or  the 
lateral  slightly  concave.  Tegmina  broad  oval,  but  little  more  than  twice 
as  long  as  broad,  the  costal  margin  strongly  arched,  the  apex  rounded  but 
more  or  less  acuminate,  the  neuration  nnu-h  as  in  Aphrophora.  Wings 
ample,  well  rounded,  with  no  apical  emargiuation,  a  little  shorter  than  the 
tegmina;  t(ie  second  and  third  and  also  the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins 
united  by  straight  rransver.sc  or  oblique  cross-veins  at  equal  distances  from 
the  margin,  at  about  the  end  of  the  middle  third  of  tl!(>  wing,  the  third  and 
fourth  by  a  similar  vein  at  al)out  the  center  of  the  win<>-. 


I 

J 


334  TKUTIAKY    INSKCTS  OF  NOIiTH  AMKUICA. 

This  genus  soeuis  to  full  somewhere  oetween  Cephiaiis  and  Avernus, 
but  the  structure  of  the  hind  legs  is  not  known.  It  was  an  abundant  type 
in  the  Florissant  basin,  five  spei'ies  being  already  known,  most  of  tlieni  by 
a  considerable  number  of  examjdes. 

Tabic  of  the  iipecicii  of  I'liluphroilm. 

Middle  nl'  tlio  t«giuina  triiversi'd,  at  least  on  the  co.stnt  ed^c,  by  ii  hliick  intiid ;  iio  loii);  boso-cootnl 
Ntripo. 
Middli-  stripo  of  teginiiia  liistiiu'tly  traversing  tli<>  wiiin'  trntmvoi'sel.v  witlioiit  chiingo  of  bruadth  : 

iioiirution  diRtinct 1.  /'.  oiiiitn. 

Middle  stripe  (if  tegmiiKi  not  distiiirtly  tniversing  tliti  wiiig  triinsverailj  willioiit.  change  of  lireaillh: 
nenration  indistinrt. 
Middle  Htripo  of  tegniiiia  eoiiliiiiMl   to  n  spot   on   tlie  costal  edge  and  thix  nsiially  Homewhiil 

obsoiire 8.  P.  obifiira. 

Middle  stripe  of  tegininn  directed  obliqncly  outward. 

Snliapical  costal  stri[ii'  of  tcgmina  inxli'rately  oblii|iuiaiid  inodtu'ately  broad,  with  irregular 

iiiarginH  W.   I',  irreifularh. 

Snliaiiical  costal  stripe  of  tegniina  very  oblique,  very  slender,  with  sharply  ilelined  straigbl 

margins 1.  /'.  ohiiiiiin. 

Middle  of  the  teginiua  traversed  by  a  palu  band  ;  a  long  aud  broad  baso-custat  dark  stripe. 

5.   /'.  tranarerHa. 

1.  Palaphuodks  cincta. 
ri.  20,  Fig.  10;   IM.  21,  Fig.  15. 

Body  uniformly  dark  coloreil,  the  incisures  of  the  abdomen  i)aler.  The 
species  is  distinguished  by  the  markings  of  the  tegmina  tind  the  di.stinctne.ss 
of  the  nenration,  the  latter  due  to  its  being  traced  in  black  throughout  the 
apical  half  of  the  wing  :  the  ground  of  the  tegmina  is  pale,  perhaps  diapha- 
nous ;  the  base  is  blackis'-,  making  here  a  large  triangular  patch  with  verv 
irregular  outer  outline:  across  the  middle  of  the  wing,  separateil  from  the 
basal  patch  by  the  length  of  the  latter,  is  a  broad,  etpial,  straight,  transverse, 
blackish  stripe  or  bar  often  deepest  in  color  on  the  costal  half  or  becoming 
fuliginous  on  the  iiiiu'r  half;  its  edges,  and  especially  its  upper,  are  tolerably 
straight.  It  is  followed  at  an  eqiiiil  distance  on  the  costal  margin  by  ii 
slender,  oblitpie,  black,  and  narrowing  stripe  just  be^fore  the  apical  cells, 
generally  rumiiiig  iil)i)ut  half-way  across  the  wing,  piirallel  to  tlu^  hind 
margin. 

Length  of  body.  II..")""'" ;  l»ieadth  of  tijorax,  .'{.;5""" ;  length  (»f  tegmina, 
X""" ;   breadth  ntclused  tegmina  together,  o..")""". 

Floris.sanf.  Thirteen  specimens,  Nos.  -JOS,  .")82,  6;iO«,  1 12;<S,  12094. 
13.5.").0,  13.573,  14231.  perhaps  1(;3.»,  and  of  the  Princeton  Golh-ction  1..50."), 
l.»13  and  !  «41,  1  wi.^,  ,„„1  |  «,3!i. 


N 


HKMllTEWA— IIOMOPTFIRA— OEHCOriD.K. 


335 


Specimen  No.  2()H,  tiffurotl  on  Plate  21,  h.is  been  mislaid  and  was  not 
examined  at  the  time  when  this  des('rii»tion  was  drawn  up. 

2.  Palaphuojjks  ohscura, 
PI.  21,  Fig.  18. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding,  to  which  it  is  most  nearly  allied, 
mainly  in  the  obscurity  of  its  markings,  which  in  general  follow  the  position 
of  those  'n  P.  cincta  Unfortunately  the  most  deeply  marked  specimen 
was  figured,  and  its  color  has  been  somewhat  deepened  on  the  plate,  so  that 
the  differences  do  not  there  clearly  appear ;  ordinarih-,  liowever,  besides  the 
obscurity  of  the  markings,  the  middle  transverse  stripe  is  also  broadened, 
and  so,  as  it  were,  diffused  (not  at  all  the  case  in  the  individual  figured), 
and  the  subapical  oblicjue  stripe  becomes  a  far  broader,  short,  quadrate  bar 
on  the  costal  margin.  It  appears  to  be  ordinarily  a  smaller  species  than  the 
preceding,  but  one  individual  is  nearly  as  large  as  the  largest  of  that  species. 

Length  of  body,  !).2.')""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3.2'""' ;  length  of  tegmina, 
T.S"""  ;  breadth  of  closed  tegmina  together,  5'""'. 

Florissant.  Sbc  specimen.s,  Nos.  452,  4287,  4404,  11230,  13321,  and 
of  the  Princeton  Collection  1.81  G.  • 

3.    l*ALAPHROm;S    IRKEGIILAIIIS. 
PI.  20,  Fig.s.  2,  18 ;  PI.  21,  Figa.  0,  V. 

This  species,  witli  P.  cincta  the  coniinouest  of  the  genus,  appears  to 
differ  from  it  very  decidedly  in  the  form,  extent,  and  position  of  the  darker 
markings  beyond  the  basal ;  they  occupy,  indeed,  so  much  more  room 
where  they  are  "well  developed  as  to  cover  more  space  than  tlio  lighter  parts, 
so  that  the  tegmina  might  (piito  as  we!',  or  better,  l)o  regarded  as  dark  with 
light  markings;  the  me  liau  belt  oci'U[)ieson  tin*  co.stal  margin  precisely  the 
same  position  as  in  P.  cincta,  but  in  passing  across  the  wing  it  innnediately 
and  considerably  expands,  rarel}',  however,  Avitliout  being  more  or  less 
broken  and  blotched  with  pale ;  at  the  center  of  the  wing  its  ex})ansion 
tends  to  break  it  up  into  two  forks,  and  the  connnissural  portion  is  highly 
variable ;  in  general,  however,  the  proximal  fork  is  far  more  intense  and 
distinct  than  the  distal,  leaving  between  it  and  the  basal  patch  of  the  teg- 
mina an  often  well  defined,  constantly  narrowing,  transverse,  white  band, 
broad  on   the  costal   margin,  reduced  nefirly  ^o  nothing  on  the  inner,  and 


336 


TKKTIAUY  INSI'X3TS  OF  NOllTU  AMKKICA. 


generally  narrowing  abruptly  as  the  sutura  clavl  is  crossed ;  the  distal  fork 
is  directed  toward  the  tij)  of  the  sutura  clavi,  but  is  dissipated  and  broken 
into  flecks  before  reaching  it ;  the  8uba))ical,  slender,  oblique,  costal  strip»3 
is  much  as  in  P.  cincta,  but  runs  in  the  oi)j)osite  direction  and  is  more 
variable  and  alnu»st  always  accompanied  by  an  opposed,  large,  fuliginous, 
subquadrate,  subapical  cloud  on  the  inner  margin. 

'I'his  ai)pears  to  ho  one  of  the  largest  species,  l)ut  is  subject  to  consider- 
able variation,  one  of  the  sj)ccimens  refeiTed  here  being  one  of  the  smallest. 

Length  of  body,  11""";  breadth  of  thorax,  -i"'"';  length  of  tegminn, 
8.8"'"' ;  breadth  of  closed  tegmina  together,  (!"'"'. 

Florissant.  Twelve  specimens,  Noa.  4.'},  854,  2101,  -{864,  5058,  8233, 
8536,  10364,  10681»,  12000  and  12472,  14200,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collec- 
tion 1  836. 

4.    I'AI.AI'HROKKS   ohi.iqiia. 

PI.  LM,  Fig.  10. 

This  species,  which  seems  to  be  lare,  is  slenderer  than  the  others,  but 
related  prettv  clo.-^cly  to  the  last,  though  it  has  some  peculiarities  tending 
in  another  direction.  The  body  is  uniformly  dark,  and  the  ground  of  the 
tegmina  dark  with  the  same  dark  ba.sal  patch  found  in  all  the  preceding 
sjH'cies ;  in  this,  however,  the  median  band  is  not  developed  into  two  forks, 
as  in  the  last  species,  with  the  proximal  fork  the  .stronger,  but  there  is  no 
sign  t»f  a  proximal  fork  unless  a  slight  general  cloudiness  in  this  direction 
may  be  looked  on  as  a  relic  of  the  same;  the  ilistal  fork,  however,  is  well 
developed,  united,  or  almost  iniited  with,  and  in  any  case  directed  toward 
so  as  to  involve,  the  subapical  spot  of  the  inner  margin  found  also  in  the  last 
species;  in  addition,  as  if  in  n^cognition  of  the  superinduced  obliquity  of 
the  median  band,  the  sul)apical  costal  striga  has  become  more  oblique  than 
in  P.  irregularis,  and  there  is  ,i  slight,  slender,  transverse  marginal  cloud. 

Length  of  body,  Id.."")""':  of  tegmina,  6  25""";  breadth  of  thorax,  3"'"'. 

Florissant.     '\\\o  specimens,  Nos.  8.S87,  1*531. 

.">    Palaphkodks  thansvkksa. 

This  species,  represented  by  only  a  single  si)ocimen,  ditVers  much  more 
widely  from  the  others  than  tliev  among  themselves,  it  is  broader  oval 
than  they,  and  the  mjokings  are  ipiite  dilVerently  located.  The  head  and 
body  are  light  inst(^ad  of  dark,  with  a  .straight,  hnuul,  traMsver.><e,  dark  belt 


HEMIPTEUA— IIOMOPTERA— CEUOOriD.*:. 


337 


crossinj^  the  hinder  uur/giii  of  the  thorax,  but  not  involving  tlie  i)ale 
scutelluni.  Tho  tegniinti  are  marked  at  base  by  two  very  broad,  dark, 
longitudinal  stripes,  on(3  following  the  costa  for  the  basal  two-fifths  of  the 
wing,  and  here  bent  inward  half-way  across  the  tegniina ;  the  other,  most 
intense  in  color  as  soon  as  the  scutelluni  is  i)as8ed,  and  not  extending  so  far 
out  as  the  costal  patch,  occupies  the  Ijase'of  the  davus;  the  pale  inner  base 
of  the  corium  is  therefore  nearly  iiu'losed  with  dark  bands;  outside  of 
these  basal  markings,  which  extend  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  a 
broad,  transverse,  equal,  pretty  sharply  edged,  subapical,  dark  band,  most 
intense  in  tone  on  the  costal  half 

This  insect  differs  so  nnich  from  the  others  that  I  suspect  it  will  be 
found  necessary  to  separate  it  generically  from  them. 

Length  of  body,  10.5""";  of  tegmina,  7.5™"';  breadth  of  thorax,  3.5"""; 
of  closed  tegmina  together,  6"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  4521. 


APHROPHORA  Germar. 

Half  a  dozen  species  or  more  referred  to  this  genus  have  been  found 
fossil  in  amber,  and  at  Oeniiigen,  Aix,  Radoboj,  and  at  Greith,  in  the 
rocks;  they  have  been  mentioned  or  described  by  lierendt,  Gravenliorst, 
Germar,  Ileer,  and  Giebel.  The  single  one  here  added,  very  imperfectly 
known,  is  placed  '.    .e  only  r.o  the  group  giving  its  name  to  the  subfamily. 


Aphkopiioka  sp. 
ri    IJ),  Fig.  10. 

To  Aphrophora  as  typical  of  the  subfamily  I  refer  some  imperfect 
specimens  which  bear  a  certain  general  roseniblanct  to  Palecphora,  but 
which  have  a  rounded  front  to  the  thorax,  showing  that  they  should  be 
brought  in  this  division.  None  of  them  are  perfect  enough  to  enable  one 
to  drixw  from  all  a  proper  description,  for  they  appear  to  have  been  fragile 
inst^cts.  Th(!  structure  of  the  legs  appears  to  be  as  in  Palecphora ;  the 
tegmina  to  have  been  delicate  and  semi-transparent,  and  to  have  had  a 
large  subapical  costal  ch)ud. 

Length  of  body,  1(>"'"';  of  tegmina,  S'""' ;  brcadtli  of  thorax,  2.5""". 

Florissant.  Six  specimens,  Nos.  13(J0,  3102,  3474,  437U,  11008, 14022. 
VOL  Xlll 22 


j 


li 


338 


TEKTlAliY  INSECTS  OF  NOBTU  AMERICA. 


CLASTOPTERA  Germar. 


It  is  not  a  little  surprising  to  find  in  the  Florissant  shales  a  species  of  this 
highly  specialized  form.  Apparently  the  teginina  were  not  so  remarkably 
convex  as  in  modern  types,  but  the  presence  of  this  genus  indicates  once 
more  how  thoroughly  the  ])re8oiit  general  features  of  insect  form  and  struct- 
ure were  established  even  as  early  as  in  Oligooeno  times.  It  is  the  only 
fossil  .species  known.  The  genus  belongs  to  the  New  World,  and  especially 
to  the  tropics,  but  at  least  a  c  juple  of  species  are  found  on  our  southern 
Atlantic  coast. 

ClASTOI'TKKA    (.'« (MSToCKI. 
PI.  10  Fif,'. '-'-'. 

The  head  was  mostly  concealed  under  a  flake  of  stone  when  the  drawing 
for  the  plate  was  made,  since  removed;  showing  it  to  have  had  a  front  margin 
very  regular!}-  and  very  broadly  convex,  black  like  tin*  very  transverse 
thorax.  The  form  of  the  dark,  tcstacecnis  scutellum  is  not  (juite  fairly  given 
ill  the  plate;  half  as  broad  at  base  as  the  thorax,  it  is  sharply  and  regularly 
triangular,  almo.st  or  quite  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  thorax,  and  sharjdy 
pointed  posteriorly.  The  teginina  are  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  appar- 
ently nearly  flat  (wholly  flattened  on  the  stone),  less  than  the  apical  third 
diaphanous,  the  remainder  senncoriaceous  and  testaceous,  the  neuration 
obscured  and  even  the  sutura  clavi  scarcely  perceptible,  the  davus  appar- 
ently narrower  and  less  broadly  rounded  at  apex  than  in  our  living  forms. 

Length  to  tip  of  tegnn'na,  2.S""";  !)readth  across  closed  tegmina,  2"'" 

Named  f(»r  J.  Henry  Comstock,  professor  of  entomology  in  Cornell 
University. 

Florissant,  Colorado.     One  specimen,  No.  (!Gr»r>. 


Ovdin-  lIlH:TKli()PTKKA  Laticiile. 
Of  the  twenty  families  into  which  fossil  Iletoroptera  may  be  divided 
onlv  five  are  remarkable  for  the  abundance  of  their  repnisentation  in  the 
existing  fauna.  The.se  are  the  Reduviida",  Capsida-,  Lyga'ida',  Coreidie,  and 
I'entatomida-  ;  and  these  .same  families  are  also  well  represented  among  the 
fossils,  containin<f  t'^>gether  about  foiu'-fifths  of  the  total  heteroptcrous  fauna. 
Indeed,  the  only  other  family  which  can  be  regarded  as  at  all  abundant  in 
Tertiary  times  is  the  Phy.sapodes,  the  known  species  sur|)assing  those  of  the 


HEMIPTERA— UBTEBOPTEKA. 


339 


Kediiviidii',.  Of  tlieso  six  fjimilies  tho  Lygrfidjp  wore  then  tlio  most  abun- 
dant, contiiininfr  a  little  more  than  25  per  cent  of  the  whole,  followed  hard 
by  tho  Pentatoniidio  with  a  little  less  than  25  per  cent ;  the  Coreid*  como 
next  with  15  per  cent,  followed  at  nearly  similar  distance  by  the  Car.^Idaj 
with  9  per  cent.  The  I'hysapodes  have  7  per  cent  and  tho  Reduviidaj  only 
4^  per  cent,  mainly  because  America  is  so  strangely  poor  in  this  group, 
having  indeed  but  a  couple  of  species,  the  only  groups  at  all  common  in 
America  being  tho  four  with  the  highest  percentages.  Here  the  relative  per- 
centages in  the  two  worlds  are  very  different,  as  will  appear  from  the  follow- 
ing table,  the  Lygaadje  having  33  per  cent  of  the  whole  American  fauna 
against  19J  per  cent  in  Europe  ;  the  Pentatomida!  24  per  cent  in  America 
against  25^  per  cent  in  Europe,  these  two  striking  contrasts  combining  to 
give  the  Lygicid.-u  the  total  preponderance,  hitherto  enjoj-ed  by  the  Penta- 
tomiche ;  the  Ooreidix;  22  per  cent  in  America  against  9.^  per  cent  in  Europe, 
and  the  Capsidai  9  per  cent  in  America  against  10  per  cent  in  Europe, 

Summary  lut  of  knoxon  fottil  ITeteroptera. 


Faiiiilifls. 


Corixidi;' 

NotoiK'ol  'n>... 

Nopidiu 

Bolostoiiiatidtu 

Naiicori(la) 

Galgiili(lu) 

Saldidii! 

Veliidiii 

Hydrobatidii' . . 
Liintiobatidiit . . , 

Eeduviidai 

NabidiD 

Ar.ididip 

Tini;ididn! 

Acantliiidii'    

CiipHidio 

PliysaiiodcH 

IjJUiridin 

Cort'idm 

I'entatoiiiida; ... 


North  America. 


Genera.  I  Spooiea, 


Total. 


a 

1 
0 
0 
0 

I 

0 
•2 
•;> 

0 
•2 
0 
0 

:! 
1 

7 

:i 

14 
U\ 

80 


Europe. 


:! 
1 
0 
0 
0 

I 

0 
2 

;< 

»    ! 
2 
0 
•0 

;t 
1 

i:i 
;i 

.■)! 

:!4 
:t7 


154 


Genera, 

Species 

1 

2 

1 

^^ 

2 

I 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

'^         2 

7 

14 

2 

7 

1 

5 

4 

."i 

0 

0 

13 

20 

4 

21 

0 

;iu 

12 

19 

14 

.'■.I 

77 


201 


'  What  I  formerly  thought  to  he  Arudidffi  tiirnoil  out  to  be  Mjodoohin». 


] 


340 


TEUTIAUY  INSE(r:s  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Of  tho  otlior  Hinallor  familiort  the  only  ones  which  surpiiHS  more  than 
five  known  fossil  species  in  all  are  tho  Naliiihe  with  seven  species  and  tho 
Tini^iditltc  with  eight ;  of  these  there  have  been  found  in  America  no  Nabi- 
dii!  whatever  and  the  smaller  half  of  the  Tingididii*.  Other  families  not  found 
in  America  are  the  Nepida\  Helostoniatidie,  Nuucoridie,  Saldidje,  Liumoba- 
tid.T,  and  Aradida*,  all  but  the  Saldidie  having'  more  than  one  species  in 
Europe.  On  the  other  hand  the  only  family  found  in  America  and  not  in 
Europe  is  the  Acanthiidai  with  a  single  species.  The  remaining  smaller 
families  represented  on  both  (u^ntinents  vary  in  their  numbers  from  one  to 
three  in  America  and  from  (»ne  to  four  in  Europe. 

If,  however,  we  omit  from  this  enumeration  the  forms  which  have  been 
found  in  amber,  and  thus  compare  those  (»f  the  rocks  only,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing table,  we  shall  meet  with  somewhat  different  results. 

Table  u//os»il  lleteropteia  from  rock  dtiioattH. 


Fikiiiilics. 


Corixiilin 

Notoiieutid;i>... 

N'i'pi<lii> 

HcloHtoninfid.'p. 

Naiicoridiii 

Giilgiiliilii" 

SnlilidiM 

Vtdiidiu 

Il.v<lr<iliatid]i' . . 
Liiiiiiol)atidii> .. 

Keduviidii' 

Nillii(l:i< 

Aradidiii 

Tingididiu  

AcniithiidK' 

C'up.iidu) 

l'li,V8.'ipndfH 

Ljgii!idiB    

Cort'idiii 

IVtituloiiiidiH    . 

Total 


North  Amoricn. 


Oonora.  SiwcioH. 


0 
o 

0 
0 

:i 
1 

7 

:j 

II 

li: 


U 
1 

0 
0 
0 

t 

0 

a 
:i 

0 
2 

0 
0 

» 
1 

i;» 
:i 
r,\ 
;ti 
;!7 


i.-it 


Knropo. 

Ocnora 

Spouieg. 

1 

'i 

1 

3 

o 

3 

1 

2 

2 

'i 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

IJ 

2 

5 

1 

•  > 

3 

4 

() 

0 

1 

1 

4 

18 

1) 

37 

a 

IH 

M 

.^() 

.^.1 

KiJ 

HEMll'TIiiBA-UETEUOPTEllA. 


341 


The  principal  change  wliich  may  be  noted  here  is  the  almost  total 
extinction  of  the  Capsida-  in  the  European  reprosontation  which  shows  but 
a  single  species ;  the  Saldiila;  and  Ilydrobatidic  do  not  appear  and  the 
Aradidic  are  notalily  reduced.  The  greatest  contrasts  botween  the  Euro- 
pean and  American  rocks,  with  an  almost  equal  total  nur  ■'  jr  of  species,'  is 
seen  in  the  Capsida*,  which  have  8  jjcr  cent  of  the  total  fauna  in  America, 
O.G  per  cent  in  Europe,  and  the  Coreidaj  with  22  per  cent  in  America  and 
1 1  per  cent  in  Europe  ;  these  are  the  only  cases  of  striking  contrast  in 
which  the  American  fauna  is  the  richer;  the  others  are  the  Keduviiduj,  1.3 
per  cent  for  America,  7.4  per  cent  for  Europe;  the  Nabida",  none  for  America, 
3  per  cent  for  Eui'ope ;  and  the  Physapodes  2  per  cent  for  America,  11  per 
cent  for  Europe.  The  contrasted  balance  of  the  Lygividie  and  Pentatomida) 
is  well  seen,  America  having  33  per  cent  of  Lygaidte  and  24  per  cent  of 
Pentatomidro,  Europe  23  per  cent  of  the  former  and  31  per  cent  of  the  latter- 
Very  little  change  appears  in  the  smaller  families  (a  relatively  small 
number  of  which  occur  in  amber)  except  in  the  entire  absence  of  any  repre- 
sentatives of  Ilydrobatidaj  and  Suldida*,  the  former  occurring  in  America. 
It  is  also  surprising  to  see  how  little  the  larger  families  (with  a  single  excep- 
tion) are  affected  by  the  new  table,  amber  having  but  the  meagerest  possi- 
ble contribution  to  offer  to  the  Pentatoniida',  Coreida',  Lyga'idic,  and 
Physapodes,  while  the  single  exception  noted  above  of  the  Capsidai  is  a 
startling  one,  amber  furnishing  nineteen  of  the  twenty  European  Tertiary 
species 

It  may  be  worth  while  to  extend  some  of  these  comparisons  in  a  differ- 
ent direction,  that  of  existing  American  faunas.  There  are,  I  believe,  but 
three  opportunities  for  such  comparison.  First,  Mr.  Uliler's  Check-list  of  the 
North  American  lleteroptera  (188(1),  wliicli  embraces  all  species  knowii  at 
the  time,  including  the  I\Iexican  and  West  Indian  ;  second,  the  same  writer's 
valuable  List  c»f  the  Ilemiptc  i  of  the  region  west  of  the  Mississippi  (1876), 
which  represents  particularly  the  geographical  region  of  our  Tertiary  fossil 
lleteroptera;  and,  tiiird,  Mr  Distant's  contribution  to  the  Biologia Centrali 
Auiericana  (1880-89),  which  has  a  decidedly  more  southern  aspect  than 
Uhler's  general  list.  Distant's  work  has  progressed  only  through  the  larger 
families  (in  reverse  order  to  that  followed  here)  and  indeed  at  tliis  writing  the 
supplement  to  the  tirst  volume  is  not  complete,  and  accordingly  in  what 

'  111  I  liu  urmiiioratioii  of  tlm  Kiuoimhui  spnuiiis  a  connidor.vblo  iiumbur  ut'uudosvribed  species  are  intro- 
Uucutl  wliuiw  proitenoo  has  been  merely  iuilicated  by  Htaterueiits  uf  ditforeut  naturalists. 


342 


TKKTIAUV  INSHCTS  OK  NOUTO  AMBIUOA. 


^'ollows  I  liiivo  omitted  nil  coiiHiilumtion  of  that,  to  inako  the  coinpariHonM 
more  tM|ual)lo.  For  tho  8aiiie  ruaHoii,  iit  order  to  luso  thu  last  work  at  all,  I 
liavo  instituted  coinparisoiKs  only  between  the  familius  there  elaborated,  and 
have  used  tho  family  jrroujKS  in  tho  same  sense  as  there,  except  only  that 
I  have  regarded  liis  I'yrrhocorida'  as  a  f^roup  of  L)j;a'ida'. 

These  fonr  families  are  indeed  tho  very  ones,  and,  as  will  bo  seen,  tho 
onlv  ones  which  assnme  any  importance  in  tho  American  Tertiaries;  and 
a  comparison  of  tiieir  interrelation  as  to  nnmbers  can  be  shown  succinctly 
by  the  following  table,  whicii  exhibits  the  relative  percentage  of  representa- 
tion of  each  of  these  families  in  the  dill'erent  reyions  and  times  as  represented 
in  the  published  lists — tiie  only  available  ones,  and  which  may  be  supposed 
to  represent,  not  tho  numbers,  but  tho  relations  with  tolerable  accuracy: 


FuinilioN. 


Ainitrii'nii 
TtTliuiy. 


riil.T; 

WlwItTII 

LiHt. 


CapHi(lii< 

LyUU'iilii' 

Coruidii- 

Puiitatoiiiiila' 

Total  ... 


!».0 

:i7.8 

',Vi  1 
•^7.  •» 

tn».  u 


11.0 
31.4 
SiJ.  1 
34.5 


riilor; 
(icru'rul 

LiHt, 


DiHtaiit: 
Ci'iil  rnl 
Anierk'ii. 


25.0 
19.2 

•ii.e 

34.1 


!i7.:i 
17.7 
•Jl.  7 


10(1. »» 


Ol*.  !• 


Slit.  ;i 


Tho  correspondence  of  tho  numbers  in  tho  last  two  columns  is  evon 
less  remarkable  than  the  di.sturbance  of  tlie  relative  jiercentaj^es  of  the  Cap- 
sidio  and  Lyfj^a'ida-  of  tho  western  list  when  compared  w  ith  those  of  tho 
Amoriciin  and  Central  American  forms  ;  tho  merest  indication  of  such  an 
overturn  is  shown  in  the  comparison  of  the  nearer  American  and  the  more 
distant  Central  American  lists;  but  the  overturn  is  still  more  complete  and 
in  the  same  direction  when  we  compare  tlu^  e.\istin;r  and  the  fossil  fauna  of 
the  West.  The  relative  repn^sentation,  then,  of  the  fi»ur  principal  families 
of  tilt!  Tertiary  Ileteroptera  «»f  the  western  half  of  <»ur  continciiit  agrees  con- 
.sj)icuously  better  with  the  relative  re|)resentati(iM  of  the  existing  fauna  of  the 
same  geographical  region  than  witii  tliat  of  the  other  regions  of  the  same 
world.  Either  the  |)liysical  conditions  of  the  region  in  (piestion  have 
remained  since  Oligoceiie  times  in  the  same  relative  contrast  to  those  of  the 
other  regions  uiider  comparison,  or  the  present  Ileteropterous  fauna  of  tho 
West  shows  a  decided  relation  to  tliiit  which  existed  on  the  same  ground  in 
Tertiary  times,  or  both. 


IIILMll'THUA— lIliTKKOl'TEUA-COltlXlU.E. 


343 


Art  ill  tlio  lIoiiioptfTiv,  anrl  for  tlio  Hiiine  <,'t'iK'riil  reasons,  it  lias  been 
found  iuiponilivo  t<»  orttiiblisli  in  tlu;  Ilcteroptoni  a  laij^c  minilior  of  now 
gciicrii!  {groups  to  treat  tlimn  on  tliosaino  principles  tliat  j^uidu  tlio  zoloogist. 
(Jliamctoristics  of  structure)  in  antagonism  to  tlioso  provalont  to-day  in  tlio 
saniu  groups  run  throughout  largo  divisions,  or  oven  faniilios,  and  uiust 
bo  takon  into  account  if  wo  aro  to  do  justice  to  tlu)  facits.  Hringing  those 
thus  into  protninoiico  will  servo  the  useful  pur|)oso  of  stinmlating  iiupiiry 
into  their  moaning  and  origin,  which  the  data  at  present  at  hand  aoeni 
iMade(iuate  to  explain.  That  many  of  these  extinct  types  attained  a  high 
degree  of  diU'erentiation  is  rcfudily  seen  by  a  glance  at  the  tabular  view  at 
the  fiid  of  tlie  volume,  where  a  largo  number  of  the  genera  will  be  found  to 
have  been  represented  by  a  half  dozen  or  more  speciea  each,  some  of  them 
at  the  time  very  abundant  in  individuals. 


Family  CORIXID^  Douglas  and  Scott. 

This  family,  which  first  appears  in  the  Tortiaries,'  is  very  poorly  ropro- 
sented  there.  Only  two  European  species  are  known,  one  each  from 
Oeningon  and  Stfisacheii.  The  latter  species,  very  small  and  probably 
immature,  is  hardly  recognizable  oxcej)t  as  a  water-bug  of  some  kind.  Tlnit 
from  ( )eiiiiig(n,  referred  like  the  other  to  the  existing  and  wide-spread  genus 
Corixa,  is  intermediate  in  character  between  the  two  species  of  Corixafrom 
Florissant  we  are  able  to  add  here,  liut  the  most  Interesting  form  which 
we  give  lielow  is  the  strange  insect  from  Florissant,  unfortunately  but 
imperfectly  preserved,  which  seems  to  comiiino  some  of  the  characters  of 
Corixidie  and  Notoncctida-,  and  to  form  the  type  of  a  new  genus,  probably 
most  nearly  allied  to  Sigara. 


I,; 


I'ROSlGAllA  gen.  nov.  (-rpo,  Sigara,  nom.  gen.). 

This  is  !i  very  curious,  robust,  new  form  of  Corixidte,  which  seems  more 
nearly  related  to  the*  gerontogeic  Sigara  than  tlie  almost  cosmopolitan  Corixa. 
It  is,  however,  clearly  distinguished  from  either  in  the  great  size  of  the  head. 
[This  is  given,  however,  as  much  too  large  in  the  plate,  where  the  femur  of 
the  left  foro  leg  is  confounded  with  it.]     The  head  is  even  larger  than  in  the 

'  IJtiIcHH  till'  iiii(iil\  prcsfrvi  <l  insect  t'nptn  thu  wliito.Iurunl'  Itiivaiia,  wliifh  Oppeiibciui  has  recently 
referred  Joubtfiilly  to  Corixu,  in  to  bo  rejiunlt'd  us  'luloiijjiiiii}  hero. 


it 


844 


THUrrAKY  INHUCTH  OF  NORTH  AMKKICA. 


Notoiioctiila',  siihrotiiml,  l»iit  I'liihruriii;,'  tliu  tlionix  poHturiorly  as  in  Onrixa; 
it  has  a  iitLHliaii  sdlcatioii.  I'liu  tlioi'ux  is  rotiiarkaltly  lar^^u,  liroador  than 
tho  hoHil,  only  alxtiit  twicv  as  broad  m  loujf,  well  romnUnl,  posteriorly 
tnincatc,  st'itaiatiiii^  oO'  ii  iai|>i!  trlaiij^iilar  scutc'lliiui  (n;,niiii  liko  N«»touocta) 
whoso  [Histcrior  sides  are  convex  and  the  apex  rounded  ;  it  is  only  a  littlo 
shorter  than  the  thorax  and  alionf  halt  as  hroad  as  it.  The  hunielytra  arc 
liroiid  and  will  rounded,  the  elavus  very  liroad,  the  meinhraiu)  indistin- 
guishalde  from  the  eoriuni,  the  apex  well  rounded,  the  tips  of  tho  opposifo 
pairs  overlappin<r  as  in  8i;j^ara ;  the  veins  are  luitnorouH  and  divergent  liku 
the  rays  of  a  fan.  The  lej^'s  are  loiijr  ami  slender,  the  nnddlu  pair  nearly  as 
long  as  the  body,  the  tarsi  biartieiilate,  the  joints  subenual. 
A  .single  species  is  known. 

I'koskjaka  klabki-lum. 
PI.  22,  Via.  12. 

A  sinirle  s]iecinien,  showing  a  dorsal  view.  Tho  whole  body  is  dark 
gray  and  the  hemelytra  delicately  mottled,  through  which  the  dusky  veins, 
growing  darker  apically,  make  their  way,  and,  radiating  in  the  broader  apical 
part  of  the  corium,  from  which  the  ineml)raiie  is  indistinguishable,  form  tho 
most  conspicuous  feature  of  the  markings  ;  none  (»f  the  lust,  however,  appear 
in  tho  ch'vus.     The  tarsus  of  the  middle  legs  is  not  shown  in  tint  figure. 

Length  of  Ixulv,  (i""" ;  breadth,  l.S-)""";  length  of  tegmina,  3.5"""; 
breadth,  1.4"'"' ;  length  of  middle  (?)  leg  beyond  side  of  body,  5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  N(».  lOHS. 

COHIXA  Geotfroy. 

As  stated  above,  two  European  species  of  this  widely  distributed  gonus 
nro  known  from  the  European  Tertiarie.s,  to  which  we  are  able  to  add  two 
others  from  Floris.sant  with  well  defined  characteristic  markings. 

Table  nf  the  $ptcira  of  t'orija. 

ToKininii  iiKin-  tli:iii  fmir  liiiir.s  li)iij;rr  tliiiii  broiiil 1.   ('.  raniluzrei 

'rcgiiiiiiH  ltH.1  I  hail  four  tiuiuij  luiigor  tbaii  limad 'J.   C.  immema. 

1.    CoKIXA    VANI)t/Ki:i. 
l'\.  2J,  I'i;;.  17. 

A  very  pretty  species  of  about  the  size  and  form  of  fl  alternata  Say, 
but  mont  nc^arly  allie(i  to  (J.  int<;rrupta  Say,  not  only  in  markings  but  also 


IIKMIPTKRA-IIKTKUOPTKUA-COllIXIDyK. 


345 


in  iho  form  of  tlio  coHtiil  fioM  I  liiivo  Hoon  hut  fow  of  our  iniiiiy  HpocloH  of 
tliis  goiuirt,  hut  Mr.  Ulilor,  who  ImH  noon  only  tho  fif^uro  of  tho  proHoiit  Hpo- 
ciuH,  in'onuH  nio  that  it  HhowH  nioHt  r*!sunil)liiiu;()  in  lunrlviiij^H  to  C  prii'UNtii 
Fitii).  of  Kuropo.  Thi)  thorax  in  diirlc  iiiul  more  or  Iuhh  motth!'!  with  piilo,  ii 
mottling  wliich  nppuarH  to  navu  a  traiiHVurHu  disposition,  l)nt  tho  condition 
of  nono  (»f  tho  upociniuns  allows  ono  to  say  whother  it  is  as  rn^^nilmly  dis- 
posed as  on  tho  homclytra  or  not.  On  thoso  tho  costal  field  is  pallid  with  a 
dusky  vein  oxtondiuj^  down  tho  niiddlu,  and  is  very  broad  just  l)oyond  tlio 
base,  boing  in  tho  middlo  of  tho  basal  half  G(pnd  to  ono-third  tho  entiro 
hruadth  of  tho  honiolytra;  boyond  it  narrows,  and  opposite  tho  obli(pio 
termination  of  tho  corium  is  lightly  marked  with  tho  faintly  and  delicamly 
undulate  narrow,  dark,  bands  of  tho  rest  of  the  hemelytra ;  these  are  some- 
what broader  than  tho  intervening  pallid  spaces,  and  traverse  tho  corium 
nnd  davus  alike  with  more  or  less  but  ordinarily  not  nuich  ir.torruption  at 
the  suture;  on  tho  membrano  these  darker  bands  become  shattered  as  if  l)y 
a  jar  which  has  almost  but  not  quite  destroyed  at  once  their  transverse  and 
their  linear  character. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"""  ;  of  tegmina,  G""" ;  breadth  of  closed  tegnuna, 

Named  for  Mr.  E.  1*.  Van  Duzee,  of  lUittalo,  a  careful  student  of  our 
native  Ilemiptora,  who.so  assistance  has  been  of  great  service  in  tho  study 
of  the  fossil  forms. 

Fiorissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  32li»,  3409,  3GG5,  5178,  72G'J. 


2.    CORIXA    IMMEU8A. 
PI.  22,  Viff.  10. 

A  robust  form  with  more  ol)scuro  markings  than  the  preceding  but 
very  similar  in  character.  The  head  and  thorax  are  dark  and  uniform, 
and  the  hemelytra  may  best  V)e  described  as  dark,  traversed  more  or  less 
distinctly,  more  distinctly  di.stally  than  next  the  base,  with  pale,  tremulous, 
continuous  threads,  which  cross  corium  and  davus  alike  but  are  stopped  by 
the  costal  field,  which  is  slender  and  nearly  equal  throughout;  on  the  mem- 
brane the  markings  are  shattered  and  j)resent  precisely  the  appearance  they 
do  in  C.  vanduzeei ;  the  markings  bear  much  resemblance  to  those  of  C 
hellensii  Sahib,  of  Europe,  as  figured  by  Snellen. 


346  TERTIARY  IXSRCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Loiigth  of  body,  G""" ;  of  tegminu,  ft"'"';  breudtli  of  closed  toguiina, 
2.85""". 

Florissuiit.     Tliree  Hpeciuieiis,  Nos.  145h,  2238,  (1978 

Family  NOTONECTID^  Stephens. 

This  fiiinily  of  water-buffs  mukos  its  first  appeaninco  in  the  Tertiaries, 
and  tlioii  ill  vuiy  scanty  numbers.  Hut  four  species  are  known,  all  of  tlieni 
referred  to  the  existinj^  genus  Notonecta,  which  has  now  a  wide  distribu- 
tion. The  throe  known  Kurrpean  fossil  species  have  been  reported  respect- 
ively fn>ni  Kutsclilin,  Uot^,  aim  Aix.  The  fourth  is  the  species  from  Flor- 
issant, described  belo.v. 

XOTOXECPA    LinnJ. 

A  single  .small  species  of  this  genus  has  occurred  at  Florissant  of  a  sim- 
ilar size  as,  but  of  a  more  robust  form  than,  the  s[)ecies  described  by  Deicli- 
miiller  from  Kutschlin  ;  a  second  larger  species  has  also  been  described  by 
Ileyden  from  Hott,  and  a  third  ha:,  been  indicated  by  Hope  from  Aix. 
Existing  species  of  the  genus  most  abundant  in  temperate  regions  are  found 
nearly  all  over  the  world. 

Notonecta  emkrsoni. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  11. 

A  small  species,  r)f  whicli  possibly  only  immature  individuals  are  at 
hand.  The  smaller  showing  the  dorsal  surface  is  certainly  .so,  and  the  other 
showing  the  ventral  surface  is  not  clearly  determinable  in  this  respect.  The 
description  is  taken  mainly  from  the  larger.  It  is  of  a  very  regular  oval 
form  and  is  apparently  mature,  sii>ce  on  one  sid(>  is  seen  the  edge  of  the 
iiemelytra,  or  what  can  hardly  be  regarded  otherwise.  Fiinges  of  combed 
hairs  are  (iircctid  obli(|iicly  backward  on  the  sides  of  the  abdomen,  and  the 
median  forked  line  on  its  posterior  portion  seems  to  indicate  the  hcmelytral 
sutun;  of  the  upper  surfiico  seen  through  the  body.  Tho  hind  legs  arv_  of 
the  usu;'.l  type,  tcririinating  in  a  blunt  point — blunter  than  appears  in  the 
figure,  and  are  minutely  fringed  with  delicate  short  spines.  The  femur, 
tibia,  and  firf^t  tarsal  joint  are  subc(puil. 


HEMIPTERA— nETEUOPTEKA— GALGULID^. 


347 


Length  of  body,  4.2'"'";  breadtli,  1.85""";  length  of  hind  legs,  5.35""°. 
The  species  is  named  for  tho   Massachusetcs  geologist,  Prof.  B.  K. 
Emerson,  of  Amherst. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  3857,  10729. 


Family  GALGULID>€:  Westwood. 

The  only  fossil  hitherto  known  as  belonging  to  this  fami)  ■  is  i■^i  'nsect 
from  the  brown  coal  of  Rott,  described  by  Iloydon  as  a  miio  iiu'lor  the 
name  Linmocharcs  antiquum,  but  shown  by  liertkau  to  be  a  galgulid,  and 
])rol>'il)ly  only  a  larval  skin  of  one  at  that,  liertkau  also  regards  the  Flor- 
issant fossil,  described  above  as  a  Thysanuran  under  tho  generic  name 
Planocephahis,  as  a  very  si-nilar  creatuj'e  and  probably  a  larval  galgulid, 
but  in  this  I  can  not  follow  I'm  ;  nor  are  any  other  Galgulidju  known  among 
the  mass  of  insects  found  at  Florissant.  In  the  similar  beds  at  Green  River, 
however,  a  single  insect  is  preserved  (all  but  the  abdomen)  which  seems  to 
present  characters  which  show  it  to  bo  the  nearest  related  to  Pelogonus, 
which,  however,  I  know  only  fiom  description  and  the  figuie  of  Dufour 
The  present  species  is  very  remarkal)le  for  several  points :  the  form  of  the 
head,  the  absence  of  any  sign  of  eyes  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  same 
(darker  patches  at  the  outer  limits  of  the  head  probably  indicate  their  exist- 
ence at  tir's  point  beneath),  the  flattened  body,  and  the  long,  rod-like  legs, 
the  front  pair  longer  and  larger  than  the  others,  but  quite  sip)ilar  in  char- 
acter (except  for  lacking  a  tarsal  joint)  and  in  lu)  way  rajjtoria!  It  shows 
certain  resemltlances  to  Aphelocheirus,  but  on  tho  wholo  seems  rather  a 
member  of  this  family  than  of  the  Naucoridtr. 

NEC'YGOXUS  gen.  nov.  {vihv?,  yort}). 

Body  \>ro-<nil  oval,  np[)arently  nnn'h  flattened.  Head  subsemicircular, 
jnoro  than  twiiv  an  l>road  as  long,  the  front  border  strongly  and  uniformly 
r.)un(l(  d,  hind  lx)rd(f?  truncate,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the  eyes  ap- 
parently wholly  inferior,  situated  at  the  jxisterior  outer  angles.  Rostrum 
long,  lancet-shajX'^I.  n-rf  ^cry  sharply  pointed,  the  last  joint  aliout  a  fourth 
of  the  total  length.  Anteun;e  long  and  sleiuler,  considerably  hmger  than 
the  width  of  the  body,  the  last  joint  nearly  as  long  as  the  tarsi.  All  tho 
legs  long,  slender,  rod-like,  similar,  the  femora  nowhere  swollen  but  twice 


348 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  Ol?  NOllTU  AMElilOA. 


ii 


!i 


as  broad  iis  tlioir  tibue,  which  equal  or  surpass  them  in  length,  the  fore 
femora  considerably  longer  than  the  middle  pair;  all  the  tarsi  equal,  but 
the  fore  tarsi  two-jointed,  the  others  throe-jointed,  the  joints  of  eacii  sub- 
equal. 

This  genus  differs  markedly  from  Pelogonus,  to  which  it  appears  to  be 
the  most  nearly  allied,  in  the  great  length  of  the  fore  legs,  which  seem  to 
show  arelationsiiip  to  the  Naucoridiv,  though  they  are  in  no  sen^e  raptorial. 
It  is  also  peculiar  for  the  want  of  eyes  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  ijead. 
The  legs  are  smooth. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

NkcYGONU.S    KOTrNDATUS. 

I'l.  7,  Fig.  8. 

Althougii  the  abdomen  is  wanting,  the  form  of  the  anterior  part  of  the 
body,  with  the  anterior  position  of  the  legs,  woidd  indicate  that  the  creature 
was  of  a  short  oval  form,  very  likely  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  tlat 
body,  both  head  and  thorax,  are  <>f  a  slightly  granular  textiu'e,  and  of  a 
du.sky  color,  uniforui  for  body  and  legr?,  except  that  the  head  is  slightly 
darker  than  the  rest. 

Breadth  of  body,  3.5'""':  liead,  2.5'"':  length  of  head,  1'""';  rostrum, 
2.(5""";  antenn;e  (as  far  as  preserved,  detached  from  the  body),  4""" ;  fore 
femora,  3.2.5'"'";  tibi;e,  3.7.">'"'":  tarsi,  1""^';  middle  feuiora,  2.1h""";  tiWuv, 
2.G5'"'";  tarsi,  0.9""";   hind  tarsi,  1.2'""'. 

Green  lliver,  Wyoming-.     One  specimen,  \o   107,  Dr.  .V.  8.  i'ackard. 


Family  VELllD.^  Douglas  and  Scott. 

Westwood  states  that  spccit-s  allied  to  Wlia  oicni'  in  the  Secondary 
rocks  of  Kuglaud,  l»ut  there  is  no  tiixurc  <>f  them,  and  this  is  the  only  men- 
tion of  their  occurrence  l)efor(' the  T'M'ti;irifs.  Siinilai'ly  thcironly  mention 
in  the  later  series  is  bv  iSerres,  wIh'  siiys  that  at  Aix  a  species  of  "(mutIs' 
occurs  which  he  compares  to  \'elia  cunens.  In  our  (»wn  Tertiaries  two 
species  have  oi'('urre(l,  at  I'"lori.ssant,  ea.<'li  apparently  belonging  to  a  dis- 
tinct ami  extinct  genus;   these  I  have  calle<l  PaheoveUu  and  Htenovelia. 

Tuhli  (if  Ihf  i/iHeia  of  !'•  Iiido: 

Hi  ml  liblin  ami  first  t.irHiil  joint  .iniiPd  iit  tip  witli  Umg  hihiii-m 1.  Valanrelia. 

Hi  ml  tiliiii-  ,iml  lit  it  titrn.'il  juiiit  iwit  ariiu-il  at  tip  with  Inn;;  ipint-N        'i.  Stciunelia. 


I 

i  tI 


IIEMIPTBUA— IlETEUOPTERA-VELllI)^. 


349 


1.  PAL-iEOVELIA  gen.  nov.  {TraXaio?,  Veliji,  noni.  gen.). 

Head  much  as  in  Microvelia,  small,  subtriangular,  with  rounded  angles, 
a  little  bmader  than  long,  plunged  to  the  eyes  in  the  roundh'  eniarginate 
jn-othorux,  and  continuing  the  curve  of  its  rapidly  narrowing  sides,  the  part 
in  front  of  the  eyes  a  little  shorter  than  they,  'i'horax  pentagonal,  the  sides 
sul)e(iuid,  the  lateral  faces  straight,  the  front  concave,  the  posterior  faces 
still  more  concave  but  a  little  shorter  thati  the  others,  the  median  posterior 
process  not  reaching  far  back,  rather  acute.  Body  widest  at  the  posterior 
sides  of  the  thorax,  tiie  abdomen  tapering  but  little,  in  its  posterior  third 
roundly  narrowing,  terminating  in  a  bifid  plate,  the  posterior  part  of  the 
abdonioii  l)luntly  conical,  and  the  entire  liody  having  a  long  ovate  shape. 
Hind  legs  very  short,  onl}'  reaching  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  femora  and 
tibii«  of  nearly  ecjual  length,  the  tarsi  lougei  than  either,  the  tibiae  and  first 
tarsal  joint  both  armed  at  the  tip  with  prominent  delicate  spines,  the  tarsi 
three-jointed. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

PALiEOVELIA    SPINOSA. 
I'l.  L»2,  Fig.  13. 

The  single  specimen  appears  to  ])e  seen  on  the  ventral  surface  only, 
showing  a  pale  gray  abdomen,  while  all  the  other  parts  are  black;  the 
thorax  and  basti  of  abdomen  are  clothed  not  very  densely  with  exceedingly 
fine,  short,  dark  hairs  directed  laterally  outward,  while  beyond,  an  obscure 
dotting  on  the  abdomen  would  seem  to  indicate  similar  but  erect  hairs.  The 
legs  ai  ■  pretty  thwikly  beset  with  fine,  stitl'  hairs,  the  apical  spines  of  the 
tibia  and  first  tarsal  joint  about  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  joint,  the  tibiai 
also  witli  an  api<"al  or  preapicul  spur  fully  twice  as  long. 

Length  of  Iwdy,  ;;.(iry"'";  breadtii,  1.85""" :  length  of  hind  femur,  0.8""" ; 
tibia,  0.8"""  :  tarsi,  1.2""". 

Florissant.     ( )ne  specimen,  No.  13325. 

2.  STEN<JVt:LLA  gen.  nov.  (ffrtvd?,'  Velia,  nrom.  gen.) 

Ilody  robust,  Wunr  oval  Heail  narrow  but  not  very  small,  rounded 
^■iMptadrate,  altimt  half  as  large  as  the  pronotum,  but  rather  longer  than  it,  the 

■  Tlui  n.aiiD'  is  );ivuii  in  uUiiHioii  to  tlu>  coiiliiiud  (iiiirounliiigN  of  this  genuH  of  Voliitlw,  not  to  any 
MieoileruxHB  of  form. 


! 


ri 

i 

!{          1 
■          I 

i              i 

1 

1 

,          1 

350 


TEllTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


moderatoly  Ini-fre  eyes  at  tlio  very  base.  Antonn.T  four-jointed,  about  reach- 
inj;  to  the  baso  of  the  middle  leji-s,  the  joints  of  nearly  equal  length,  but  the 
first  and  fourtli  a  little  the  loufjest  and  the  second  shortest,  the  first  cylin- 
drical and  moderately  stout,  the  last  oval,  the  others  obovate  and  n  little 
slenderer.  IVonotuni  faintly  set  off'  trom  the  rest  of  the  thorax  as  a  trans- 
verse piece  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  thorax  as  a  whole  pentag- 
onal, the  posterior  border  being  subangulate  and  the  posterior  sides  of  the 
pentagon  oidy  slightly  (»bli(|ne  ;  front  margin  straight  and  longer  than  any 
(if  the  others,  though  the  thorax  narrows  forward  rather  rapidly.  Legs  short 
and  .stout,  the  fore  legs  about  half  as  long  as  the  others,  the  hind  i)air  the 
longest,  though  the  ini<ldle  and  hind  femora  are  subecjual  ;  the  hind  tibia? 
longer  than  the  middle  tibia-  or  than  the  femora,  while  the  femora  and  tibia? 
are  efjUfil  in  Mic  fore  and  middle  legs,  or  the  tibia  is  only  slightly  longer 
than  the  fennir  in  tlie  middle  legs;  tarsi  three-jointed,  the  joints  tcderably 
long,  the  last  a  little  shorter  than  the  others  Abdomen  oval,  well  rounded, 
the  last  two  joints  sometimes  produced.  No  trace  of  wings. 
A  single  species  is  known. 

Stenovflu  mora. 
PI.  i.'2,  Fi^H.  ,s,  14. 

Whole  l)ody  uniformly  dead  black ;  the  pigment  in  some  cases  has 
broken  in  flaki's  trom  the  legs,  esperiallv  die  midule  and  hinder  pairs,  giving 
them  a  niorrled  a])pearance  which  .**  purt-ly  accidental.  The  whole  body, 
including  tlie  legs,  anilormly  smoottlii,  with  no  trace  of  hairs  or  spines. 

Length  of  body,  .'i.T.')""";  breadth,    L6.')""";   l»-iigth  of  antemnv,   LI"""; 

fore  femora,   O.T.')""":   tibi;e,   O.T.V :  tarsi,    O.Si.""";   u-iddle  femora,    L'J""™; 

tibije.  1.3""":  tarsi,  0.8""";  hind  fwnora.  1.2"'"';  tibia>,  L4"'"' ;  tarsi,  O.S"'". 

Florissant.  Twenty-three  specimens,  No».  87.'>,  HIH,  1934,  2!)3(J,  3020, 
32()8,  38G6.  i\4:*l,  I'lG'h  !)243,  !»4!t!»,  9563,  y.")H9.  10344,  10G91,  10787, 
1094.'),  12074.  1209S,  12<>99,  12930,  1402r),  14^)8L 

Family   HYDRO BATID.^e  Stal. 

This  fimiilv  was  perhaps  known  in  M^sozoic  times.  Oppenheim, 
iinlecd.  figures  two  species  which  he  refers  tf»  ..  new  genus  Ilalotnetra,  sup- 
po-  !  to  lieloiig  here,  liut  which  Deichmiiller  has  shown  should  be  referred 
to  the  Acridii,  among  (Mhoptera.  Perhaps  here,  however,  l)eIong  unfignred 
and  unde.scril)ed  forms  trom  the  English  nicks  referred  by  Westwood  to 


DEMIPTEUA— HETEROPTRRA— HYDROBATID.E. 


351 


Ilyclrometra  Tn  tlio  European  Tertiaries  Gemmr  figures  two  insects  he 
regards  as  immature  and  as  belonging  to  Ilydrometra  or  Ilalobates,  or  botli, 
and  vvhicli  also  appear  to  belong  to  this  faniil}-.  liurnieister  further  says 
that  Serres  mentions  a  "  chariicteristic  Hydrometra"  from  Aix,  but  as  a 
comparison  will  show,  he  has  evidently  written  Hydrometra  for  Ploiaria, 
and  that  is  quite  another  insect.  In  our  own  country  we  have  a  couple  of 
sj)eciesfrom  Wyoming  and  British  Columbia  belonging  to  an  extinct  genus, 
Telmatrechus,  described  below,  related  to  Ilygrotrechus,  found  in  the 
North  Temperate  zone  of  both  worlds;  and  a  species  of  Metrobates,  a 
genus  peculiar  to  eastern  North  America. 

TELMATRECHUS  gen.  nov.  {TtX^in,  rp^ym). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  flygrotrechus  Stal,  and,  combining  as 
it  does  many  of  the  features  of  this  genus  and  Limnotrechus  Still,  may  well 
have  been  the  lineal  predecessor  of  both.  The  antenniv  have  the  first  joint 
only  a  little  longer  than  the  second.  The  eyes  are  not  at  all  prominent. 
The  thorax  is  relatively  shorter  than  in  Ilygrotrechus.  The  legs  are  very 
long,  the  tibijv  of  each  pair  of  legs  about  as  long  as  the  femora  of  the  same 
legs,  un  equality  which  I  have  not  found  in  any  other  genera  of  Hydro- 
batidic ;  in  the  fore  legs  the  equality  is  perfect ;  in  the  middle  legs  the 
tibia;  are  slightly  longer,  in  the  hind  legs  slightly  shorter,  than  the  femora ; 
the  hind  femora  are  slightly  longer  than  the  middle  pair ;  so  far  as  can  be 
told  from  the  imperfect  remains  the  tarsi  of  the  middle  and  hind  legs  are 
very  much  shorter  than,  not  a  half  or  probably  a  third  the  length  of,  their 
respective  tibise.  The  posterior  lateral  edges  of  the  sixth  abdominal  seg- 
ment are  produced  to  a  tooth  precisely  as  in  Limnotrechus. 

Two  species  are  found  in  the  western  Tertiaries. 

TahU  of  the  species  of  Telmatrcvhus. 

Itody  Rtnnt,  with  nImoHt  rognlnrly  tapering  abdouion 1.  T.  stall. 

Uudy  Hluudur,  witb  nearly  equal  abdonieu,  tapering  distinctly  only  at  tlio  extremity.. .3.  T.  paralklus, 

1.  Telmatrechus  stall 
PI.  2,  Figs.  11,  12. 

JTiigrotrrrhm  stSU  Sciidd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Gool.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  18:t-184n  (1879). 

The  thorax  seems  to  be  shorter  than  in  Ilygrotrechus,  with  the  limits 
of  the  prosternum  more  visibly  marked  from  .above ;  the  eyes  do  not  ap- 
pear to  be  so  prominent,  and  the  first  anteinial  joint  would  seem,  from  the 


s 


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it 


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1     < 

) 

i  ■ 

1. 

352 


TEUTIAUY  INSKCTS  OK  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


j)Osition  of  tho  otliers,  to  bo  shdrtor  tlian  in  Hyf^rotrocluis.  Tlio  insect  is  of 
about  thn  same  size  as  our  II.  remi<fis  (Say).  Tho  lioad,  as  seen  on  a  side 
view,  is  small  and  rounded ;  thorax  miiuitoly  scabrous  lijvo  tho  head,  nar- 
rowinfi!'  rather  rapidly  and  unifonnly,  the  posterior  limit  of  tho  prostoriuun 
marked  by  a  sli<(ht  depression  next  tho  anterior  coxa",  tho  whole  thorax  con- 
siderably loufj^er  than  broad.  Abdomen  taperin*^,  the  apical  angles  of  tho 
sixth  seffineiit  pntdueod  to  a  sharp  but  short  spine,  reachin;^'  the  middle  of 
the  suoceedinfj  sejrment.  Antenna'  nearly  (perhaps  quite)  as  lony  as  the 
head  and  thorax  fo<fother.  Fori!  femora  equal,  stout,  as  long  .as  the  thorax; 
fore  tibia- of  the  same  length;  middle  and  hind  legs  very  slender ;  middle 
femora  considerably  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  fore  femora,  the  tibia- 
nearly  three  times  as  long  as  the  fore  tibia-  and  of  the  sajne  length  as  the 
hind  femora  ;  hind  tibia-  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  fore  femora; 
first  joint  of  bind  tarsi  about  one-iifth  the  length  of  the  hind  tibia-.  On  one 
of  tho  specimens,  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view,  a  line  is  seen  proceeding  from 
either  side  of  the  thorax,  directly  in  front  of  the  middle  coxa-,  and  passing 
toward  and  nearly  to  tho  middle  of  tho  hinder  edge  of  the  second  abdom- 
inal .segment  with  .some  distinctness,  accompanied  on  tho  .second  and  third 
se<rments  bv  other  lines  which  seem  to  indicate  the  veins  of  the  teyfmina, 
the  first  mentioned  line  being  the  sutura  clavi ;  but  all  trace  of  lines  is  lost 
beyond  the  third  segment,  as  if  the  wings  did  not  extend  over  more  than 
half  the  abdomen  ;  on  the  specimen  preserved  on  a  side  view,  they  appear 
to  extend  to  the  hind  edge  t»f  the  sixth  abdominal  segment.  Attached  to 
the  |H)sterior  extremity  of  the  abdomen  is  a  pair  of  stout  lappets,  nearly 
straight,  l»ut  curving  slightly  outward,  equal,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
rotnided  and  very  .slightly  produced  at  the  tip. 

In  a  specimen  (No.  70)  which  1  have  considered  an  innnaturo  indi- 
vidual of  this  species,  but  which  may  possibly  be  a  Metrobates,  the  middle 
and  third  femora  are  of  etpial  length. 

Length  of  body,  lit.Tr)""";  of  head.  1. .">""":  of  thorax,  5""";  breadth  of 
anterior  extremity  of  thorax,  1  7.")""";  of  posti-rior  extremity,  JVo""" ;  of  sixth 
abdominal  .segment,  2""";  length  (»f  fore  femora,  ."»""";  (»f  fore  tibia-,  fi""" ; 
of  middle  femora,  12..".""";  of  middle  tibia-,  14""";  .ifhind  femora,  14"'"';  of 
hind  tibia-,  11.5'"'";  of  first  joint  hind  tarsi,  2..'{""" ;  of  abdominal  lappets, 
1..'}""";  breadth  of  himl  femora,  (».;(.'>"'"';  of  hind  tibia>,  (».2""";  of  hind  tarsi, 
0. 1  [)""•'. 


IIEMIPTEHA-MCTEROPTERA-HYDROBATIDiK. 


353 


I  niiine  this  interesting  species  after  my  lamented  friend,  Dr.  C.  Stftl, 
of  Stockholm,  whose  marvelous  industry  imd  keen  insijtrlit  into  the  structure' 
oi  Henn'pteni  is  known  to  all  entomologists. 

Three  miles  up  the  north  fork  of  the  Similknmeen  Kiver,  British 
Columbia.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  70,  71  and  72,  73.  Geological  Survey 
of  Canada,  G.  M.  Dawson,  collector. 


2.  Telmatkeciius  parallelus. 
PI.  4,  Fig.  1. 

Two  specimens  are  at  hand,  neither  of  them  quite  perfect.  The  species 
differs  markedly  from  the  pre.reding  (with  which  it  agrees  iu  size)  in  the 
almost  perfectly  parallel  sides  of  the  abdomen,  which  is  of  the  same  width 
as  the  thorax ;  it  tapers  only  on  the  last  two  segments.  The  head  as  seen 
on  a  side  view  is  perhaps  shorter  than  in  T.  stftli,  and  very  much  smaller 
thai,  the  thorax ;  as  there,  both  it  and  the  thorax  are  minutely  scabrous. 
The  whole  body  is  of  a  tolerably  uniform  dark  testaceous  color,  and  the 
segments  of  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  are  about  equally  long  and  broad, 
while  in  T.  stali  they  are  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long. 

I.ength  of  body,  20'""' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.75"'- •  of  sixth  abdominal 
segment,  2.2;V"" ;  length  of  fore  femora,  5-r).5""" ;  fore  tibia?,  5-5.-)""" ;  mid- 
dle femora,  11-13""";  hind  femora,  13-15""". 

Twin  Creek,  Wyonnng.     Two  specimens,  No.s.  14601,  15076. 

METROBATES  Uhler. 

A  single  species  of  this  genus  is  known,  inhabiting  the  eastern  United 
States.  A  nnu;h  larger  and  somewhat  slenderer  form  appearing  to  belong 
here  occurs  in  the  Florissant  beds.  It  was  provisionally  referred  by  me  to 
Ilalobates  before  Metrobates  was  known  to  me  autoptically. 

MeTROBATES   .ETEKNALIS. 

PI.  22,  Fig.  15.  . 

Body  considerably  elongated,  but  solely  by  the  prolongation  of  the 
Ujesonotuni,  which  is  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  thus  separating  at  con- 
siderable distance  the  fore  and  after  legs;  the  abdomen  is  no  longer  than 

VOL   XIII 23 


Si 


i  I 


'i 


354 


TKrtTIAHY  1N8KCTS  OK  NORTH  AMKKICA. 


tlic  width  of  tlu'  thorax  ,ni(l  tiipcrs  rapidly  to  a  point ;  tlio  wiiij^H  ar((  Hlcnder, 
j)iipa'tbrm,  ovat«  pads  haviiifr  u  subl)asul  circuhir  macula,  a  ciMitral,  htiif^i- 
tiuh'iial  costal  .strifia,  and  just  licyoiid  it  u  Htronjily  ol)Ii(iii(',  siihtriangidar, 
costal  |)atch,  all  pallid  on  a  Idackish  irronnd  ;  these  do  not  clearly  appear 
on  all  specimens  The  head  is  not  well  pii-^'-rved  oi'  any  "pecimeii.  The 
lejjs  are  ver\  delicat<dv  covered  with  short  and  exceedinyh  tine  recumlteiit 
hairs,  and  trinji'ed  beneath  with  an  almost  ecjually  delicate  series  of  short 
distant  spinules. 

Lenf-th  of  !)ody,  7""";  breadth,  l.Tf)"'"';  length  of  fore  femora,  2"""; 
tibia'.  1/)""";  tarsi.  1.1""";  middle  femora,  4."Jf)-(i""" ;  tibia',  4  .T'" ;  tarsi, 
•J+ :  hind  femora,  3..'')-').5""" ;  tibia',  4""". 

Florissant.  Three  specimens,  of  which  one  is  immature,  Nos.  f)i>25, 
10723,  12782. 

Famiiy  REDUVIID/E  Stephens. 

This  family,  to  which  so  considerable  a  share  of  our  north  temperate 
bufi's  beloiiffs,  is  represented  in  the  Kuropean  Tertiaries  li\  a  innnber  of 
species  and  <fenera  l»elon}»'in<>;  to  no  less  than  five  different  subfamilies.  All 
the  ^renera  are  mtxlern  types.  'I'he  Heduviina  are  the  more  common, 
llarpactor  liavinj.''  six  species  at  Oenin<^'en  and  Kadoboj,  Kvayoras  one  at 
Oenin^cn,  while  species  of  Keduvins  (in  a  broad  sense)  are  mentioned  .'is 
occurrini;  at  Aix  and  in  andter;  the  Piratina  are  represented  by  a  I'irates 
at  Hadoboj  ;  the  Acanthaspidina  by  a  IMatymeris  in  and)er ;  the  Stenopo- 
dina  by  two  species  of  Stenoprda  at  Oeninj^en,  and  the  I'lieariina  by  a 
IMoiaria  said  to  occur  at  Aix. 

Curiously  enouj,di,  the  family  is  very  meii<ierly  dis|)laye(l  at  present 
in  the  American  Tertiaries.  At  my  first  examination  many  species  were 
placed  here  provisionally  which  a  (doser  study  showed  to  btdon;,"- elsewhere; 
and  even  the  "  Reduvius"  described  fntm  the  (ireen  River  Iteds  belonirs, 
as  I  have  elsewhere  shown,  rather  to  the  (Jorizida.  There  rtMuain  only  a 
couple  of  forms  at  Florissant,  each  known  oidy  by  a  sinyle  specimen,  to 
represent  this  yreat  faniilv.  One  belonj^s  to  tlu  Acanthaspidina,  but  shows 
no  afliiiitv  to  the  sin<.;le  mend)er  of  this  <i^roup  known  from  amber,  the  other 
to  the  Saicina,  and  both  must  be  referred  to  extinct  jreiiera,  in  direct  and 
complete  oppcjsirion  to  the  Kuropean  Tertiary  Reduviidjc  as  we  know  them 
to-diiy. 


IIEMIPTEUA— IJKTKUOPTEItA— BKDIJVIII)^. 


355 


Siiblumily  ACANTHASPIDINA  Stdl. 

The  only  Hpociuw  liitliorto  found  fosHil  in  this  Hul)fiunily  {rroup  \»  one 
(UiHcribcd  nmny  years  iif»'o  ns  ti  IMiityniciiis  by  (lornmr,  and  was  found  in 
Prussian  nniber.     Tho  ono  ffiven  below  is  tiiu  tirst  from  tho  rocks, 

KOTHES  f-en.  nov.  (ijcoGi). 

A  ;ifeini8  of  Acanthaspidina  of  unusually  slender  form.  Head  oidy  a 
little  loufror  than  broad,  the  eyes  of  moderate  size  and  prominent,  the  part  in 
front  of  them  about  twice  as  lonjjf  as  tho  postocular  part,  the  front  truncate 
and  sli<j;htly  emarginate ;  ocelli  lar<fe,  situated  opposite  the  iiinder  edj^e  of 
the  eyes,  separated  oidy  by  their  own  diameter  or  sli<>htly  more  than  that. 
Antenna-  apparently  seated  on  small  j)rominences  somewhat  in  advance  of 
the  eyes,  the  prominences  with  a  small  exterior  spine;  first  joint  longest, 
longer  than  the  width  of  the  thorax,  second  and  third  joints  stibecpial,  and 
a  litth;  slenderer  and  shorter  than  the  scarcely  incrassated  terminal  joint, 
tho  whole  nearly  two-thirds  as  long  as  tho  body.  Thorax  as  a  whole 
cuneiform,  tapering  forward  regularly  but  not  strongly,  the  sides  almost 
straight,  the  tapering  portion  .scarcely  shorter  than  its  breadth,  unarmed ; 
scutelluin  very  tapering,  pointed,  but  hardly  jn-oduced  into  a  spine.  Legs 
long  and  slender,  wholly  unarmed,  similar  in  form  to  tIio.se  of  Opsic<i'tus, 
the  first  hiiul  tarsal  joint  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  second  and  third 
together.  Hemelytra  slender,  with  no  jnominent  veins,  the  coriuni  elon- 
gated externally,  the  membraiuil  suture  very  obli(pie  and  sinuous. 

Apparently  nearest  to  Opsiccetus  King,  this  genus  differs  from  it  in  its 
much  slenderer  form,  tho  want  of  a  strongly  constricted  necik,  and  the 
stoutness  of  the  terminal  joints  of  the  antenna^ ;  the  structure  of  the  tarsi  is 
ali.o  peculiar. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

EOTUKS    F.LEO ANS. 

PI.  i»(i,  Viix.  r.. 

m' 

'I'he  whole  body  is  dark,  but  is  marked  laterally  by  a  black  stripe 
which  follows  tho  outer  margin  of  the  thoi-ax  viewed  from  above,  from  the 
base  of  the  hemelytra  forward,  and  a})pears  to  cross  also  the  head,  follow- 
ing the  inner  margin  of  the  eye  and  terminating  on  the  front,  the  whole 
tolerably  straight  and  continuous,  with  a  slight  angle  in  passing  from  the 


'       1 


II I 


a 


.356 


TKirriAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMKItKJA. 


thorax  fi»  tln»  liciul;  l»c.siilt's  tliis  tliM  <lisk  of  t\w  tlii»rii\  in  flarkcr,  li'iviii<^ 
of  II  Ii;ilit(r  f(»lor  iioiirlv  tlio  wlioh*  .ulterior  lolx?  iiinl  tln>  outer  posterior 
angles  williiii  the  black  ntripo,  and  tlie  whole  thorax  in  i-atlier  (listmitly  ami 
heavilv  pmu'tate  with  hiack  ;  the  sciitt^Uiiiu  is  also  li<rht  i-olored,  iiairowly 
iiiar;riiie(l  with  hlaekishoii  all  sides,  hut  lieiivily  in  tlie  lateral  aii;,'']es.  Tho 
heiiKdvtra  have  tlKM-orium  dusky  and  the  lueuihraiie  t'uli^^inous,  the  t'or?ner 
with  the  veins  j)uuetate  in  i)laek.  1  .ej^s  pale  and  uniform,  except  that  the 
tips  of  tlie  tiliia-  and  tin;  tarsi  are  tlusky ;  tlioso  aro  also  (dothed  with  (fxcos- 
sively  line  hairs. 

!.en<rth  of  l.ody,  lO.lV'"";  hreadth  of  thorax  in  front.  I.OS""";  at  j>Teat- 
e»t,  1.7r)""";  of  abdomen,  -J.-i.'*""" :  len<-th  of  antenna',  5.(!""" ;  their  apical 
joint,  lor)""";  foro  femora,  'i.fjr)"'"' ;  middle  femora,  "J,?.")""";  hind  feuioni, 
;$.4"'"':  hind  tibiiu,  4.4."t"'"':  tarsi,  l.U)""";  first  tarsal  joint,  ().!>'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1246!!. 

Suhliimily   S.VICIN'A    Si.il. 

Tho  species  describeil  Ixdow  is  tho  only  oin  of  this  subfamily  which 
has  ever  been  reco^rnizcd  in  a  fossil  state. 

'rA(JAI.()I)KS  fTcii.  nov.  (Taj^'aiis,  nom.  ^feii.). 

Hodv  elon<rated,  of  nearly  uniform  width.  Head,  includiiiir  tho  eyes, 
considerablv  l)roader  than  lonj,',  advanceil  <'ousiderably  Jind  rather  broadly 
in  front  of  the  t'Ves;  no  ocelli  ;  rostrum  consiih  iabl\'  lon<;er  than  the  head, 
the  Itasal  joint  Ion;,'''''"  than  the  two  sulte(|ual  apical  joints.  Thorax  r.ipidlv 
taperin;,'-  in  I'ront,  tiie  heail  separated  from  it  b\'  ii  short  constricted  neck, 
broadest  posteriorly  and  slii^htlv  broader  than  the  abdomen,  and  here  aiijrn- 
late,  the  allele  not  prodiici'd  later.illy  as  ji  spine;  scutellum  trian<jfular,  of 
alxHit  e(|ual  lenj,''tli  and  breadth,  the  poHtorior  aiif^h*  mon«  acute  than  tlu^ 
others  l)y  the  sliirlit  emar^rination  of  the  sides,  l»ut  not  prodiiceil  into  a  spine 
nor  even  pointecl.  I.«';.''s  loiij^'  ami  slender,  iiuio'ineii,  rhe  femora  and  til»i;e 
of  nearly  eipial  len<rth,  those  of  the  hind  le«rs  miudi  loiij>er  than  tho  others, 
all  the  tarsi  very  short,  verv  slender,  cvlindrical,  armed  with  a  pair  of  claws. 

.\  sinj;lc  s|»ecies  is  known. 

.\ilied  to  Ta;:-alis  .Stal,  from  which  it  dill'eis  in  the  relative*  brevity  of 
the  thorax  and  the  abstMice  of  anv  median  constriction,  the  simple  anj^'iilar 
po.sterior  termination  of  the  scutellum,  tho  }il)soiico  of  sjtiniilation  on  tho  fore 


IIKMIPTHUA— IIKTKI.'OI'TK  {A— TIN(ai)ll».K 


:J57 


fomom,  iiiul  tlm  cylimlnrul  clmmcterof  thn  tiirmil  joiiitH.     Tiiffiilis  1«  known 
to  nut  unl\-  hy  Still's  ilortcription. 

TaOALODKH    INEUMIS. 


ri.  'J((,  Fitr.  ir». 


lop 


ith  th 


A  sni;^lu  specnnon  i.s  pn  crv"  il,  s(!om  on  u  dorsal  view  witn  tnt*  wniys 
of  one  sidi!  lost,  «)f  tlm  other  partiiilly  i-xpjintlcHl  'I'Iid  lieud  iind  thorax  aro 
very  dark  and  unitbrni,  thu  homolytra  with  tlu*  corinni,  liko  tho  abchiinon, 
dark  tcHtaceous,  tho  nioinl)raiio  i)alo  fnli^inous;  the  veins  of  tho  niombrano 
show  a  pair  of  very  (flony:attMl  parallel  loo|)8  ruiniiiij^  nunc  than  halfway  to 
the  niarjfin,  the  nppor  tho  Itroadcr  and  njoro  distinct  (tho  lower  not  hIiowii  on 
the  plato).  I^atcral  o(l;jfos  of  tho  scutclluni  slifflitly  inar;>;inatc',  tho  scntolhnu 
itself  with  faint  transvcrso  sidcations;  snrfaco  of  iho  thorax  slifrhtly  and 
broadly  rn^iiloso.     !jo<4's  palf  tostacoons,  tho  foiuora  duskier  toward  tho  apex. 

!.onj,'th  of  body,  11.7,'»""";  breadth,  .'{,1""";  lon<>th  of  honielytra,  7"""; 
middle  femora,  4""" ;  tibiie,  4'""' ;  tal-si,  I"""  ;  hind  tibia-,  5.8'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  "JSKG. 

Family   T1NGIDID>«    Fieber. 

Nearly  all  the  principal  Kuropean  Tertiary  deposits  have  furnished  a 
sinpi'lo,  but  only  a  sin;;ie,  species  of  this  family  of  delicate  llemiptora.  That 
at  Aix  is  only  known  as  yet  l»v  Serres's  reference  to  a  species  of  Tinj^is, 
which  he  compares  t(»  T  «^ardni,  now  jdaced  in  IMiyllontocheila.  Novak 
fij^nres  a  species  of  .Monanthia  from  Krottensee,  Ileer  a  very  obscure  Tiiiyis 
from  Uadoboj,  and  a  species  from  Oenini»'en,  well  marked  with  loii^'  antenna', 
in  one  phun;  as  a  'I'inji'is,  in  another  as  a  Monanthia,  which  is  more  corrcctlv 
referable  to  the  latter;  but  what  is  of  g-reater  interest  is  an  amlier  species 
referred  to  Tin;^is  by  Germar  which  belonj>s  to  the  j^enus  Eotinji'is  estab- 
lished below  for  a  l^'lorissant  species,  with  exceptionallv  lonj^-  anteiuue.  A 
species  of  .Monanthia  also  occurs  at  Florissiiiit,  apparentl\  nearly  related 
to  the  Oeuin^en  form  but  with  stouter  antenna',  and  an  obscure  form  from 
the  same  locality  is  probably  referable  to  I'iesma. 

IMKSMA  St.  Far«>eau  ami  Serville. 

No  fossils  have  heretofore  i»een  referred  to  this  i>enns,  which  forms  a 
}?roup  apart  aniousr  tho  Tini^idide,  and  which  is  bett(?r   known  in  th''  « >ld 


'1 


358 


TMHTIAHY  INHF,<r|'H  Ol'  NORTH   AMKKUU. 


I 


(       1 


I    I 


'  ,1 


Woilil  (,Kiiro|M  and  Af'rini)  tlmii  in  tlm  M«'W,  bur  a  .siii;r|(>  H|ieciinen  i'roiu 
FltiriMsaiit  N«-('iii.H  to  l)t>  I'ct'i'niblu  lii'i'o  huttiT  tliait  elHcwIu^tv 

I'lKSMA  If    KOTCNDA. 
IM.  LM,  ViK.  «. 

A  Hiii;fl»'  insect,  poorly  preserved,  and  Hliowinj,'  u  dornal  \ii>\v  is  dnhi- 
(»nsl\  referred  liere;  it'  correctly,  tiien  the  c'Xtrenie  convexity  ot'  tlie  contid 
area  of  the  henndytra  is  cliaracteristic  of  the  species,  as  I  lind  no  niocU'rn 
tvpe  with  so  rotnnd  a  form.  The  head  projects  '-onsitU'rahlv  in  fnnit  of  tho 
ey»s  in  two  parallel  procosHi's  nearly  as  lonjf  as  llu  rest  of  the  lu^ad  ;  the 
iiead  is  only  a  little  narrower  than  tin*  ipiudran^rnlar  thorax,  which  is  nearly 
u  third  l)roader  than  lon<r  and  tapers  slightly  forward.  'I'lut  alidonien  is 
siihcircidar.  The  leijs  and  lu^ad  appendajres  are  in)t  preserved,  hut  the 
henu'lytra  sli;;htly  .snrpa.ss  the  abdomen,  and  the  memhran*',  which  occu- 
pies aliout  a  third  of  them,  is  tilled  with  very  faint  and  very  hnnc  cells, 
throu^fh  the  meshes  of  which  three  or  four  (ddiipie  veins  pass  to  the  margin; 
the  costal  inar;,''in  is  followed  innneiliattdy  l)y  a  slijjht  vein  connected  with 
tlie  costa  1»\'  feelile  cross-veins,  makin;,''  sulapiadrate  cells. 

Leii^ith  of  Itody,  ,'5. ."»""" ;   inclmliiij,'' hemelytra,  ."t.Ta ';  breadth  of  thorax, 

1""":   abdomen,  l.C.V 

Floris.Hant.     (  hie  specimen,  No.  7(il  7. 

MONANTIIIA  St.  Farjjeaii  and  Serville. 

As  statetl  under  the  family,  twt)  species  of  this  j^eims  have  been  f«)und 
in  the  Huropi-an  Tertiuries,  one  at  ( )eningen  and  the  other  at  Krotteiisee, 
and  were  mi  reterred  by  their  describer.s.  'I'liey  differ  considerably  from 
one  another,  and  the  species  wi'  adil  here  dilfers  as  miudi  from  each  as  they 
trom  each  other,  'i'lie  (  haracteristic  leatures  ol'  the  ( Jenin^n-n  species  are  the 
lonjf  antenna',  which  aii-  as  Ion;.'-  as  the  width  of  the  closed  hena-lytra,  and 
the  ver\  narrow  head;  nf  the  Krottensee  species  (which  .seems  to  ap- 
l)r(»acii  .M.  (piadrimaculata  WollV  sp.  and  M.  woIOii  Kieb..  l»oth  of  Kurope; 
see  the  li;;iires  liy  Snellen),  the  sinuous  costal  iiiar;iin  of  the  henudytra  and 
the  sinuous  iiarrowin;^'  of  the  thorax:  and  of  the  Florissant  species  tim  at 
first  biseriate.  afterwards  tri.seriate,  arrai!;^ement  of  the  reticulation  of  the 
costal  ana,  and  the  tumid  form  of  the  rej;'ularly  tiiperiny  thorax  combined 
w  itli  the  broad  head. 


IlKMll'TKUA— IlKTKUOl'TKUA-TINUIDIlhU. 


a5u 


M 


ONANTHIA    VKTKRNA. 


PI.  L'.'J,  KlK«.  5,  ft. 
Hodv  niiitonulv  dark,  tlic  Ik'ikI  ami  tlionix  \\\t\\  iiiu(')i  tlio  muiio  for 


111 


iiH  Kotiii^ris,  tlif  tliorax  liciii;;  lar;;'eHt  jiiHt  in  iuIvuiicl'  i)t'tli<>  roiiiidod  haHi*  and 
ta|H-i'iii^>'  inrwanl,  the  head  iiirltidod,  ^'iviii<;'  it  iiiiicli  tli<>  turiii  of  a  Xya  anion;: 
Ortlioptcra  ;  as  in  l'!(itiii;;'iN,  tlicrc  arc  no  lateral  vcsicdcH ;  tlic  aitdonit'ii  is 
oviit««  and  liroadia'  tliun  tlic  thorax.  Antcnniu  nuiirly  uh  lon^'  an  tliu  width 
of  the  alMlonicn,  orsli^^htly  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax  to^icthcr ;  fii-Hf 
two  joints  similar  and  stunt,  the  first  a  littlt*  lon;r(>i-  than  hroad,  the  second 
of  ecinal  length  and  Incadth,  the  third  slender  and  eloiij^ateil,  nearly  as  loiij^' 
jiH  the  thorax,  the  f<»urth  elavate,  is  long  us  tin?  first  two  together,  but  not 
quite  so  stout  as  they  and  as  naked  as  the  rest  of  the  antenna.  Ia'^m  rather 
Hliort  mid  stout,  the  hind  feiiiora  just  reaeliiiig  tli<^  edge  of  th(>  heinelvtra. 
These  extend  soinewliat  heyoiid  the  altdoineii  and  are  somewhat  eoar.selv 
leticulati',  liiseriatel\  arranged  on  the  busul  half  of  the  costal  area,  triseri- 
at(  ly  beyond. 

Length  of  body,  2,7-.'(""";  breadtlmf  thorax,  1""";  abdomen,  l.'J-l.l"""; 
length  of  antenna-,  1.1. '• '. 

Khu-issant      Six  speeiiiieiis,  Nos  2:549,  :\HH\,  4;!.S7,  (i7H7,  7810,  !)672. 

IO()'i'lN(jiIS  gen.  nov.   (//«(?,  Tingis,   nom.  gen.). 

Head  triangular,  about  equally  long  and  bntad  ;  antenna'  of  excessive 
length,  almost  as  Imig  as  the  body  and  very  slender,  the  great  length 
largtdy  due  to  the  |mdongatioii  of  the  middle  joints,  the  last  joint  very  deli- 
cately enlarged  so  as  to  be  faintly  (davate,  the  club  verv  lung  and  slender. 
The  ])ronotiiin  is  short,  narrowest  in  front  where  it  iMjuals  the  head,  truncate 
both  at  base  and  a|H'x.  Thorax  ta})eriiig  forward  with  no  voicnlar  t'lilarge- 
nients.  Abdomen  oval.  Legs  very  long  and  slender,  all  the  femora  ot 
nearly  ecjual  length,  the  tibia'  of  similar  length,  the  wdiole  leg  nearly  as  lung 
as  the  tegmina.  These  lire  broad  and  very  long,  extending  well  bevoiid  the 
body,  irregularly  and  more  or  less  tinely  and  uniforinU'  reticulate  tlirou"li- 
out,  the  broa<l  costal  area  as  irregular  as  elsewhere. 

The  genus  perhaps  falls  in  the  neighburliuod  of  (Jargaphia  Stjil. 

Two  species  are  known,  one  found  in  i'ru.ssian  amber,  Iv  (jiiiiapiecari- 
nuta  Genu,  sp.,  with  carinate  and  regularly  tapering  pronotuni  and  the  cos- 


i 


l» 


- m 


L  j5L 


:    ! 
I   li 


I 


! 

^ 

i' 

; 

.'U50 


TKRTIAHY  INSKCTS  OK  NORTH  AMERICA. 


till  iirca  of"  tho  lieiiielytra  of  uniform  width ;  and  the  species  described  below 
from  Florissant  with  smooth  and  tumid  pronotum  and  the  costal  area  of  the 
liemelytra  enlarging  apically.  The}-  differ  also  in  the  length  of  the  last 
anteinial  joint. 

EOTIWGIS   /NTENNATA. 
PI.  23,  Figs.  1,  ?j. 

Two  8|)ecimens,  both  figured,  were  all  that  were  seen  of  this  species 
vvhen  it  was  (lescril)ed ;  one  shows  a  dorsal  view,  the  other  lies  more  upon 
its  side:  of  the  fVirmer  the  median  i)rojection  in  froit  of  the  head,  shown 
n|)on  tin-  plate,  is  a  mistake,  and  tlie  two  appendages  can  not  be  regarded 
as  antenna',  a  portion  of  one  of  which  crosses  the  right  fore  femur ;  the  right- 
hand  apparent  appendage  of  the  head  is  probably  the  rostrum,  but  its 
apparent  distal  half  is  a  mere  discoloration  of  the  stone  at  a  different  level; 
the  left  hand  one  is  probably  the  left  fore  femur,  a  broken  fragnient  of  which 
or  of  a  til)ia  appears  as  if  attached  below  to  the  pronotum.  The  color 
appears  to  Ik*  nniforndy  dark,  the  legs  perhaps  a  little  paler.  The  last 
antennal  joint  is  as  long  as  tiie  elongated  middle  joints,  but  it  enlarg(is  grad- 
ually toward  tlw  tip.  and  then,  at  a  distance  from  the  tip  of  twice  its  breadtli, 
suddeidy  diminishes  and  is  lounded  otl".  The  protliorax  is  largest  a  little 
behind  the  middle,  and  tapers  consideral)ly  in  front,  being  tumid  wiietlun" 
viewed  laterallv  or  from  above.  l)ut  especially  ti>e  former:  it  is  well  rounded 
posteriorly,  truncate  anteriorly,  and  smooth.  Tlie  hemelvtra  extend  far 
bi'Voiul  the  al)domen,  and  an*  iillcd  with  an  entirely  irregular  reticulation, 
in  which  the  meshes  are  approximately  of  the  same?  size  and  of  about  the 
diameter  of  the  antennal  club :  the  longitudinal  vein  delimiting  the  cost  d 
area  runs  parallel  to  and  distant  from  the  costal  margin  in  the  i)asal  half  of 
the  lieinehtra,  and  ilien  diverges  gradually  from  it  in  a  {rraceful  curve. 

Jj(;ngrh  i>f  body,  .'J.fi.')""" ;  including  tegmina,  4..")""";  of  tegmimi, 
3.7.')""";  breadth  of  thorax,  l.l""";  length  of  jintenn.'u,  3.7.^y""' ;  hind  femora, 
1.2o""". 

Floris.sant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  2';!t8,  VMi'i,  .5.')!)(J,  lOTG.'J. 

Family  ACANTHIID>E,  Leach. 


Ill 


The  only  fossil  tiiat  has  ever  been  referred  to  this  limited  groi-.p  is  the 
one  described  below. 


I 


H  ?:M  II'TE  H  A— H  ETRKOPTEK  A-  C  A  I'SID^E. 


361 


LYCTOCORIS  Halin. 

This  jrenus,  found  in  the  north  temperate  regions  of  both  the  Old  and 
New  Worhls.  Imt  njore  abundiint  in  tlie  latter,  has  not  before  been  found 
fossil.  The  single  species  from  the  Green  River  beds  which  we  place  here 
was  formerly  referred,  doubtfully,  to  Rhyparochromus. 

Lyctocoris  teureus. 

PI,  7,  Fig.  20. 

Bhyparoohromimf  tcrnus  .Sciidd.,  Bui!.  U.  S.  Gool.  Googr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  770-771  (1878). 

A  single  poor  specimen  apparently  belongs  to  thi.-,  "ubfamily.  but  is 
too  imperfect  to  locate  with  any  precision.  Tiie  body  is  of  nearly  equal 
width,  but  with  a  full  abdomen.  The  head  i .  1  roken,  b'-t  is  as  broad  at  base 
as  the  tip  of  the  thorax,  has  a  rounded- angjlar  front,  and  its  surface  most 
minutely  punctulate.  The  thorax  was  bro.  dest  behind,  the  sides  tapering 
slightly,  and  gently  convex,  the  front  bordei  broadly  and  shallowly  con- 
cave, the  hind  border  straiglil,  more  tlian  twic^  as  broad  as  the  median 
length,  the  surface,  like  that  of  the  head,  witli  faint  distant  [junctures. 
Scutellum  rather  small,  triangular,  pointed,  of  equal  length  and  breadth, 
about  as  long  as  the  thorax,  its  surf  ice  like  that  of  the  thorax,  but  with  more 
distinct  j,unctures.  Abdomen  full,  well  rounded,  and  very  regular.  Teg- 
miuii  (>l)scure  (but  perhaps  extending  only  a  little  beyond  the  scutellum). 

Length  of  body,  i""";  of  head,  0.6""" ;  of  thorax,  0.6"'™ ;  of  scutellum, 
0.7""";  b.-eadtli  of  head,  1.1"'":  of  thorax,  l..')""';  of  abdomen,  2.1""". 

Greei:  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4192. 


Family  CAPS1D.C  \A/'estwood. 

With  the  exception  of  a  Miris,  rejjorted  over  half  a  century  ago  from 
Aix  and  never  yet  described,  all  the  European  fossils  of  tliis  group  known 
ui»  to  the  present  time  are  from  amber.  Thus  Gravenhorst  long  ago  referred 
half  a  dozen  species  from  aml)er  to  Miris  and  Capsus,  and  Germar  later 
described  as  many  as  thirteen  species  of  Phytocoris  from  the  same  deposits. 
Tlu'se  genera  were  then  used  in  a  far  broadci'  sense  than  now,  and  the 
iigures  of  Germar  show  at  once  that  several  genera  are  to  be  found  among 


362 


TKRTIAUY  INSKCrrS  OF  NOHTII  AMiJUlCA. 


tliein.  If  wo  were  to  base  our  jiid^iiieiit  on  the  coinpiirisoiis  with  the  mod- 
ern species  wliich  ({niveiihorst  and  (Serniar  in  nearly  ever\-  case  instituted, 
wesiioidd  readi  tlie  conchision  that  the  Capsina  alone  had  been  found,  and 
that  no  less  tlian  iialf  the  divisions  which  Renter  foiuided  in  this  subfaniily 
were  present  and  a  larj^e  miinln'r  of  genera.  Thus  of  tiie  Playiofinatharia 
we  have  Harpocera  ;  of  tiie  Oncotylaria,  lloplonmcluis  (two  species)  and 
Oncotylus;  of  the  Clylhu^ora.'a,  /Etorhinus  and  Systellonotus  ;  of  the  Cap- 
saria,  {'ai)sus,  Orthops,  anil  Lygus ;  of  the  Fhytocoraria,  Hoinodenius, 
Diehrooscytus,  and  I'hytocori,-? ;  and  of  the  Loparia,  Lopus;  in  all  a  dozen 
genera,  and  there  is  at  least  on*}  other  among  tliose  species  figured  bv  Ger- 
mar  which  were  unacconipan'rd  by  comparisons  with  modern  types. 

In  America  we  have  four  of  these  divisions  represented,  viz:  CvJIoco- 
niria  l>v  Closterocoris;  Capsaria  by  Capsus  (two  species)  and  P(ecil()cap- 
sus  (live  s})ecies);  Phytocoraria  by  Aporema;  and  Loparia  by  Iladronema; 
while  Hryocoraria,  lot  recognized  in  aml)er,  is  represented  by  two  .species 
of  Carinelus  and  one  o\'  Fuscus.      Al!  of  these  come  from  Florissant. 

It  thus  ap{)ears  Wvt  we  may  recognize  among  the  fossils  every  one  of 
the  divisions  instituted  in  the  family  by  lieuter  that  iiave  any  considerable 
j)res('ut  development  of  species,  excepting  only  the  .Miraria,  and  to  cover  the 
po.ssibilities  of  tiiis  also  there  are  two  species  of  Miris  not  referred  to  mod- 
ern genera,  one  mentim.^d  bt  (iravenhor.st  from  and)er  and  one  by  Curtis 
at  Aix.  It  may  also  be  noticeil  that  the  as.semblage  of  fossil  forms  shows 
as  a  whole  a  leaning  toward  .Vmerican  types,  more  noticeable,  however, 
among  the  American  than  the  FiUropean  form.s,  the  more  striking  being  in 
the  development  of  tlie  Loparia  and  BrycK-oraria.  Not  loo  miu-h  stress, 
however,  should  here  be  placed  upon  these  considerations,  .is  a  reexamina- 
tion of  the  amber  types  is  neces>ary  oet'ore  certain  conclusions  can  l)e 
<lrawn.  and  the  atlinities  of  several  of  the  Florissant  forms  is  va"ue  at  the 
best. 


C.LOSrEUOCOHLS  Fhl 


er. 


A  single  species  exists  in  a  living  state  in  our  we.stern  Territories,  wifli 
wlii<'li  a  single  striking  and  not  uncommon  Florissant  species  agrees  well 
in  structure  but  from  which  it  ditVcrs  considerably  in  markings.  The  ter- 
minal joints  of  the  fossil  species  appear  to  l)e  relatively  longer  and  thi;  sec- 


ond jonit  relatively  shorter  than  in  tJK;  existing  type 


HEMIPTEKA— UETEKOPTEKA— (JAPSID^E, 


363 


Closterocokis  klkgans. 
PI.  24,  Fig.  7. 

Head  suhquadrate,  W^Yit  colored,  with  a  black  patch  posteriorly  next 
the  eyes.  Antennte  with  tlie  first  joint  black,  as  long  as  the  thorax,  stouter 
than  the  tibia-,  the  remaining'  joints  blackish  fuscons,  the  apical  paler,  sec- 
ond joint  half  as  long  as  the  hemelytra,  third  a  little  longer  than  the  fourth, 
and  with  it  nearly  as  long  as  the  first  two,  the  whole  as  long  as  thorax  and 
hemelytra  coml)ined.  Thorax  more  tumid  at  the  base  than  in  our  living 
C.  ornatus,  but  otherwise  of  the  same  shape,  the  base  slightly  more  than 
twice  as  broad  as  the  apex,  pale,  with  a  median  and  on  each  side  a  lateral, 
broad,  deep  black  stripe,  broadening  posteriorly ;  scutellum  pale,  except 
for  a  broad,  dusky  ti'ansverse  band  at  base.  Hemelytra  pale,  except  a  slen- 
der, deep  black,  costal  stripe  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  corium,  and 
a  dark  fuscous  belt  which  occupies  the  whole  clavus  and,  as  tliivt  of  one  side 
unites  with  the  other,  follows  down  the  inner  margin  of  the  hemelytra, 
fading  out  on  the  more  or  less  but  generally  slightly  infumated  membrane, 
the  memltrajial  suture  sometimes  heavily  infumated  or  iiduscated.  Lesis 
pale  fuscous,  the  tijjs  of  the  hind  femora  and  to  a  less  extent  the  bases  of 
the  hind  tibiie  broadly  and  heavily  obscured,  as  are  also  to  a  leSs  depth  all 
the  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  tibia'. 

Length  of  body  and  closed  hemelytra,  7.25"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax  at 
base,  2.4""";  length  of  antenn.a',  \).T""';  first  joint,  l.;")'""';  second  joint, 
iU)""" ;  third  joint,  2.r>'""' ;  fourth  joint,  2.2'""' ;  hemelytra,  6.75'""' ;  hind 
femora,  3.(!.")'""' ;  tibia-,  4.8.o'"'" ;  tarsi,  1.15"'"'. 

Florissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  2181,  2533,  4288  and  4369,  8864, 
12l»7!),  12!I81,  14202,  16419.      . 


Mi 


OARMELUS  Distant. 

'i'lie  twt>  species  from  Eloris.«ant  described  below  agree  so  well  in  gen- 
eral features  with  the  two  species  of  this  genus  from  I'anama  tigured  by 
Distant,  and  especially  with  V,.  parvus,  that  1  place  them  here,  though  they 
do  not  agree  with  his  descriptions  as  regards  the  antemui',  the  second  joint 
being  relatively  longer  than  he  describes  it,  though  no  longer  than  given 
in  both  his  figui'es.  They  are  certainly  iR»t  far  removed  from  Phytocoris 
involutus  (rerm.  from  amber. 


Tahir  of  the  npeciea  of  Carmelua, 


Tliiir.ix  laii'.'iiiii;  irijulaily  with  Htiai^lit  i)li!ii|im  sidn-s 

Tli(irii.\  more  or  leN.s  tmiiiil,  the  hiperiiiH  sidi's  iliNliiictly  coiiveK  ... 


qravatiif 


..'■i.  (',  sipouitus. 


m 


^n 


■ii 


304 


TBltTIAHY  INSECTS  OF  SOUTH   AMKlilCA. 


1.    CaKMELIIS    (iKAVATUS. 
IM.  24,  Fit;.  H>. 

Iif)(iv  very  regularly  oval,  the  hinder  extremity  the  broader.  Head 
triaiij^iilarly  but  rather  broadly  produeed  in  front  i»t"  the  eyes  ;  first  joint  of 
antenna'  a  little  shorter  than  the  head,  second  about  two  and  a  half  times 
ns  loufj!"  as  the  first,  the  sueceeding'  tofjetheras  long  as  the  second.  Thorax 
uniform  fu.scous,  darker  or  lighter  in  tone,  the  surface  smooth,  the  base 
about  two  and  a  half  times  l)roader  than  the  apex,  the  apex  roundly  and 
weakly  emarginate,  tlie  base*  gently  and  regularly  convex,  the  sides  oblicpie 
and  straight.  Scutellum  dark,  the  lateral  edges  transversely  pectinate, 
llemelvtra  unifornd\  duskv  excel 


apt 


3pei 


ties  of  the  cla.us  and  cuueus. 


I 


th 


.len-rtn,  o 


l)rea(lth,  2.25" 


Florissant,     l-^ight  specimens,   Nos.   'MW.),  niiOO,   6220,  10418,  11230, 
124r.7,  12475,  1420H. 

2.    CaUMKLUS    SEI'OSITIIS. 
ri.  'M,  Fiff.  (!. 

iiody  ovate,  larger  at  the  anterior  than  at  the  posterior  end  or  of  ecpiai 
size.  Head  scarcely  advanced  in  front  of  the  eyes,  broadly  rounded:  first 
joint  of  antenna'  about  as  long  ns  the  liead,  the  second  about  two  and  a 
half  times  longer  than  tlic  first,  the  siicccodiiig  togjithcr  as  long  as  the 
second.  'F'horax  nniforndy  dark,  the  surface  smooth,  the  base  two  and  a 
half  times  as  Ijroad  as  tiu'  apex,  tlu*  ajjex   gentlv,   regularly,  and  roundly 


eni.iriiinate 


the   1 


ja.sc  verv  ycntlv   co 


»nvt'\,   almost   transvi-rse,  the   ((blii 


pie 


and  narrowing  sides  distinctlv,  sometimes  «ronsi(lerably,  convex,  giving  a 
rt>undness  to  the  front  of'  the  'tody.  Scutellum  dark.  Ilemelytra  dark, 
slightly  duskier  at  the  ou'er  extremities  of  the  corium  and  cuneus,  the 
membrane  faintly  fuliginous. 


L 


!ng 


rth 


breadth.  2.2" 


Floris.sani\     Three  specimens.  Nos.  S20(;,  11017  and  l.'5,5.'j?<.  12I0.1 


FUS(  rs   Di.stant. 

To  this  genus,  founded  nn  a  species  from  (luatei'iala,  I  refer  witlnniu-h 
liLsitatio;!  a  single  ftu'm  liom  I'loris^ant.  which  bears  a  dose  general  resem- 
blance to  the  species  1  have  placed  in  ('ariiirius,  but  has  much  shorter  .mi 


.(    f 


HEMll'Tr^RA— ni5TMI{(H'THUA-(JAP8II)yE. 


365 


1 

i 


1. 


stouter  liind  lojrs.  The  first  joint  ot  tlio  auteiiiia'  of  tlio  fossil,  however,  is 
stoutor  than  in  Fuscus  and  the  second  joint  not  so  distinctly  incrassated  at 
the  apex. 

Fuscus?    F.KCATUS. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  6. 

Head  rather  broadly  annulate  in  front ;  first  joint  of  antennic  distiiictly 
shorter  than  the  head,  moderately  stout  and  uiuforni ;  the  second  joint 
relatively  slender,  scarcely  larger  apically,  about  three  times  longer  than 
the  first.  Rostrum  reaching  the  co.xai  of  middle  legs.  Thorax  ])unctate, 
blackish  fuscous,  posteriorly  two  or  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  ante- 
riorly, both  base  and  apex  nearly  truncate,  the  sides  oblique,  straight. 
Scutellum  of  the  color  of  tlie  thorax,  llemelytra  dark,  the  color  intensified 
along  the  inner  margin  of  the  clavus  and  at  the  outer  extremities  of  the 
corium  and  cuneus.  I^egs  <lMsky,  the  hiiul  femora  stout,  twice  as  thick  as 
the  tibia'  and  shorter  than  th;^y. 

Length,  G""" ;  breadth,  2.25""". 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  430,  4.'i63,  4741,  13308,  14201. 

P(ECIL()CA1*SUS  Renter. 

This  genus,  fairly  rich  in  species  in  l)()th  the  United  States  and  Mexico, 
and  iieculiar  to  tlie  New  World,  ajjpears  to  be  represented  at  Florissant  bv 
five  tolerably  closely  allied  species,  which  bear  no  close  resemblance  to  any  of 
the  amber  Cajjsidic  Tlie  first  antennal  joint  in  all  is  of  a  similar,  the  second 
of  a,  somewhat  di.ssimilar,  length. 

TiiUh' of  lliv  Kjmttn  of  ViivUoidimiin. 

Niirrowin^'  sulcus  of  thorax  coiivcx  :  rn'ooml  Jniiit  ot  aiitonn;i'  twice  or  a  little  iriore  tban  twice  asloii"  us 
thelir.st. 

Tliiiriix  siiioolli ;  ti'f;iiilii:i  lieiivily  iiiaikeil ;  cliiviirt  oliseine 1.   />.  f'yemonfii. 

Thorax  imiielate  ;  leijiniii:i  t'aiiitly  iiiarkeil ;  eiaviis  clear y.    /'.  nttnaiitliix. 

Narrowiii;;  niilesof  thor.ix  strai(;ht :  xecoiid  joint  of  aiittMiiia-  much  lessor  iiiiicli  more  than  twici^  as 
lon^  as  the  lirst. 


Second  joint,  of  antenna^  Hcaroely  lialf  as  hmjj  ajiaiu  as  tlm  first. 
Second  joint  of  anfenuu'  tlirei'  times  as  loni;  as  tlie  lirst. 


.  IJ.    /*.  r('U'i-}toi<u.H 


Thorax  pnuctato;  scute II iim  roundly  aniiled 5.   /'. 


Iiorax  smooth  ;  soiitelliim  sharply  anjjlod 4.    I',  faliidim 


OHtClltllS. 


1.  P(ECII.OCAI>Srs    KREMONTM. 
PI.  24,  Fi-.  ;5. 

An  elegant  ami  well  niarkt'd  species  not  distantly  rehited  to   1*.  orna- 
tulnsfStal)  of  Mexico,  ,  ■>/ dill'criiig  in  the  markings  and  in  the  uniform  tliorax. 


366 


TKUTIAUY  INSKdS  OF  NORTFI  AMERICA. 


1  I 


Head  unitormly  dark,  i\ui  sides  of  the  frontul  ))roininen(;ii  full ;  biisul  joint 
ofuntennnR  barely  shorter  than  the  head,  rather  slender,  a  little  thickened 
apicnlly ;  second  joint  about  two  and  a  (jnarter  times  lonj^er  than  the  basal 
joint,  scarcely  incrassated  apically,  the  slender  succeedinj^  joints  to<^ether 
abont  as  lon^r  as  the  second.  Thorax  more  than  twice  as  broad  at  base  as 
at  apex,  the  apex  eniar^jinate,  the  base  ref^nlarly  arcnate,  the  taperinj^  sides 
distinctly  thon<fh  not  stroii'^ly  conve.^,  the  'vho'  blackish  infninate,  and 
smooth,  in  no  way  puiuitate,  which  is  exceptional  in  P(ecilocapsns.  Scn- 
tellnm  jtale  with  a  lilack  edj^inji'.  Hemelytra  pale  or  li<fht  colored,  with 
the  whole  of  the  clavus  black,  a  larjj^e,  transverse,  fnlij^inons  clond  at  the 
onter  extremitv  of  tlie  corimn  crossinj^  the  interior  half  of  the  hemelvtra  as 
a  narrow  and  vaj^ne  stripe,  and  ajfaiii  enlarjj^ing,  bnt  more  obscuri'ly,  at  the 
inner  ternjination  of  the  corinm,  and  accompanied  I)y  a  mnch  smaller  infns- 
cation  of  the  (Uiter  tip  of  the  cnnens. 

Len<;th  of  liody,  H.l')""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2'""  ;  lenjftli  of  secoiid 
anteinial  joint,  1.7""". 

Named  for  one  of  the  earliest  scientific  explorers  of  th  >  Uocky  Mitnnt- 
ains,  (Jen.  John  C.  Fremont. 

Floris.sant.  Fiv(;  specimens,  Nos.  8631,  f)5l)(),  122S4,  l.'5r).'j4,  and  of 
the  Princeton  Collection,  l.S4r». 


2.    PtKClLOCAPsrs    VKTKIJAN'DUrt. 

ri.  L*4,  Fit;.  ». 

Head  lint  slijxhtly  produced  in  front  of  the  (tves,  dark;  liasal  joint  of 
antenna'  distinctly  slu  '  t<'r  than  the  head,  a  little  incrassated  apically  ;  sec- 
ond twice  as  lonjf  as  the  first,  its  jrivater  si/e  distally  ilian  proximally 
scarcely  perceptible,  the  slender  sncceeilin;;  joints  not  fnllv  ])reserve(l  on 
either  specimen;  rostriuii  nearl\'  reachiiij,''  the  hind  coxa".  Tiiorax  fnllv 
two  jind  a  li;iit  times  broader  at  b;ise  than  at  apex,  i)nt  otherwise  shaped 
exacthasiu  P.  f'remontii,  the  color  l)lackish  fnliyinons,  the  snrface  pnnctate 
with  moderately  distant  minnte  bhu'k  dots.  Scntellnm  of  the  (;olor  of  the 
thorax,  llenn-lytra  pallid  thronj^hont  bnt  the  inner  eil<»'e  infiiscatfil,  jind 
slifi'lit  infmn.ated  spots  ;it  the  onter  tip  of  the  corinm  .ind  cmuMis. 


I 


en'r 


th  of  bodv,   .">.«"'"';   breadth   of  thorax,   2.1' 


lenifth  of  se(^oiid 


antenna!  joint,  1. 1,'»" 


Flori.ssaut.     Three  sp.-.  imens,  N'os.  si;  IS,  SStll,  117H.")  iuid  1207<). 


1 1  KM  1 1'TER  A  — IIKTKUOPTliUA— (JA  PSID.K. 


867 


.'}.    PcKCILOCAI'Sirs    VKTEUNOSrS. 

Tliis  H|)(3c,ieH  closely  resomhles  P.  freinoiitii,  hut  diflers  Homewluit  in 
niaikiugH  atid  much  in  the  form  of  the  thomx  and  the  leiifrth  of  the  second 
antennal  joint.  The  liead,  which  is  dark,  is  rather  acutely  produced  in 
front  of  the  (^yes  ;  hasal  joint  of  antenna'  almost  as  lon<y  as  the  head  and 
juoderately  stout,  the  se(;ond  a  little  slenderer,  slightly  larf^er  distally  than 
jH'oxinially,  exceptionally  short,  holw^  scarcely  half  as  long  again  as  the 
first  joint,  tlic  succeeding  joints  about  e(puil  and  together  as  long  as  the 
second.  Tiiorax  liilly  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  at  base  as  at  apex,  the 
apex  roundly  and  shallowly  eniarginate,  the  base  regularly  and  gently  con- 
vex, the  sides  oblique  and  straight,  the  surface  a  little  irregular  but  impunc- 
tato  as  in  1'.  fremontii,  somewhat  obscurely  mottled,  dark  colors  prevailing 
posteriorly,  paler  anteriorly.  Scutellum  generally  pale  but  with  both 
extreme  base  aiul  apex  more  or  hiss  infuscated,  the  sides  transversely  pec;- 
tinate.  Ilemelytra  marked  as  in  P.  fremontii,  Ijut  much  less  heavily  and  in 
particular  the  clavus  less  obscure. 

Length  of  body,  o.H""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.35""";  length  of  second 
.intennal  joint,  1.1""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2107,  8113. 


4.    PcECILOCAPSUS    TAIUUUS. 
PI.  J4,  Fig.  8. 

A  single  specimen  represents  this  species,  not  so  well  preserved  as  the 
others.  The  head  is  large,  the  ))art  in  front  of  the  eytsexceptionallv  large, 
well  produced,  and  with  a  In-oad  rounded  aj)ex ;  iirst  joint  of  antenna'  mod- 
erately slender,  e(pial,  a  little  shorter  than  the  head;  the  second  joint  e'xcep- 
tionally  long,  lieing  almost  or  quite  three  times  as  long  as  the  first,  slender, 
and  i'(|iial  throughout;  third  joint  half  as  long  as  second.  Thorax  less  than 
twic((  as  l)road  at  apex  as  at  base,  anteriorly  truncate,  ))osterioily  genth-  and 
rcgidarly  convex,  the  sides  ol)li(jiie  and  straight,  the  surface  smooth,  witliont 
punctures,  more  or  It-ss  mottled  and  infuscated,  as  is  aisc  *^lie  scutellum, 
wliicli,  li()\v(n-ei',  is  more  uniforndy  infuscated  or  infinnate,  and  has  a  sharp, 
apical  angle.  Ilemelytra  nearly  pallid,  but  with  tlie  clavus  more  or  less 
ol)scnr(',  and  tlu;  (uitcr  apex  of  corium  and  cuneus  each  with  a  small,  dis- 
tinct, triangular,  fuscous  spot. 


11 


368 


TKKTIAUY  lNSK(Vrs  OF  NOItTIl  AMKUICA. 


L('ii<rtli  ot'  IkhIv,  5""" ;  liruiidtli  of  tiioriix,  2""" ;  h'ligth  of  Hecond 
HiittMiiuiI  joint,  2""". 

Florissant.     Tliriio  specJiiu'iis,  Noh.  ()9«;8,  i»7;{(),  1()5J>2. 

.').   P(K('ii<ocArsrs  ostknti's. 
PI.  L'l,  Fifi.  2. 

The  lioad  is  slKut  uinl  roniidod,  hut  very  littlu  produced  in  front  of  the 
eyes;  first  joint  of  fiiileniui'  slenrh-r  l»ut  short,  no  hnijrcr  thiiii  i\w  head, 
wliii'h  it  surpiissi.'s  only  a  little ;  second  fully  three  times  iis  \n\\ii;  as  tlu*  first, 
slender  and  e(pial;  third  two-thirds  as  lonji'  as  second.  TJKtra.v  fully  twice 
as  hroad  at  apex  as  at  hase,  anteriorly  eniar^rinate.  posteriorly  scarcely  ron- 
ve\,  the  sides  vei'y  ohlicpie  and  straij^lit  ;  it  is  as  Iom;^  as  the  scnteliuni,  deli- 
cately punctate,  and  hlackish.  Scutelluni  of  a  similar  color,  its  apical  an<;le 
rounded.  ll(;niulytra  ohscure  and  indistiiu-t,  hut  apparently  darker  at  ape.x 
than  at  l)a.se. 

Length  of  hody.  C.'J" "" :  hreadth  of  thorax,  2.2")""":  lenoth  of  se«'ond 
antennal   joint,  l.;i""". 

Kloris.sant.  (hie  specimen.  No.  l.'iofiO.  No.  7911  ma\-  also  beloufr 
here,  and  if  so  the  hemelytru  are  marked  very  much  as  in  the  pr(!cedin|^ 
species. 

CAPSrS  Fahricius. 

This  i^'ciuis  (in  an  extended  sense)  has  heen  recojrnized  in  amiier  liv 
Berendt  and  f  iravenhorst,  hut  no  fossil  species  lane  lieen  descrihed.  Tie' 
ipecies  descrihed  helow  are  placed  here  duhiously,  al  least  as  reirnrds  the 
sense  in  which  the  ^enus  is  no\\  ordinarily  restricted.  Facli  has  a  very 
very  short  thorax,  similarly  formed. 

Tahlv  "/  Ihf  nfttvivn  ttf  f'tifiMim. 

Li'HN  iliiiii  liv(>  iiillliiiii'ti'iH  ill  li'Tifjtli.     I'iivd  aiiKMiniil  ji'iiit  Hcirculy  lini.nlir  tliiiii   I  lie  niciiiuI. 

I.   r.  olifiilifiiitiiH. 
Mnri'  tliuii  nix  iiiillliiii-tfiK  ill   li'ii^tli.      FirNi  uiitrniiiil   joint  hull'  iis  iaroail  a;;ain   us  tlir  ncioiiiI. 

•J.    C.   laciiH. 

1.  CaphIjS  oii.soli:kactu.s, 

IM.  L','.,   Viti.   l.i. 

Head  small,  coiisiderahh  and  trianitnlarly  ju'odnced  in  front  of  the 
eyes,  wherf  it  is  aiiiridate;  first  joint  of  antenna'  slender,  of  iilioiii  the 
length  of  till-  head,  the  seccuid  fully  twice  as  long  as  the  first,  slemlei,  and 


il 


IIKMIl'TKUA— IlI-yrKHOI'TKUA— OAI'SID.K. 


m\) 


nearly  Dcjual,  tlu»  followiii;;  siibc({iiiil  iiid  to^otlicr  l(>n<ror  tlimi  tlm  hik-oikI. 
Tlioiax  very  fnintly  and  distantly  jii'iKitatc,  slutrt,  trnncatc  in  front  and 
heiiind,  or  soincwliat  cniarfiinatc  in  front,  tlic  base  more  tlian  twice  the 
breadth  of  the  apex,  the  sides  obli(|n(>  i.nd  nearly  strai}^ht ;  scutellinn  mod- 
erately lary-e.  L(';;.s  slender  lint  not  vtjry  Ion}>'.  Ilemelytru  fuseotis  like 
tlie  body,  the  menilM-ane  small  and  pale  fnli^inons. 

Len}»'tli,  4.7:.""" ;   breadth,  l" 

Florissant,     'I'hree  specimens,  Nos.  Sol,  .'{4S(),  4h()i). 

2.    (  !aI's|S    I,A(  I'M. 

ri.  I'li,  Fi}f.  li. 

Head  snudl,  romidly  and  not  V(!ry  stron^^ly  prodnced  in  front  of  the 
eves;  first  joint  of  antenna'  lather  svont,  nearly  or  tpiite  as  lonjf  as  the 
head,  the  second  nnicii  slenderer,  ecpnd,  as  far  iis  preserved  n«'arly  twice  as 
lonj^'  as  the  lirst.  Thorax  very  (d)scnrely  pnnctate,  truncate  at  either 
extremity  or  a  little  and  roundly  emar<>inat(i  in  front,  the  base  more  than 
twice,  ])robably  two  an(i  a  half  times,  l)roa(ler  than  the  apex,  the  sides 
stron<rly  oblicjue  and  straijiht.      Le<;s  rather  stout  and  not  lonu^. 

i.en«^th,  fi.o' :   lireadth,  2..'>""". 

Florissant.     ( )ne  s|>ecini('n,  Xu.  12S. 

Al*()liFi.MA   <i('n.  nov.  («/T/p///ur). 

I  am  unable  to  decide  upon  the  precise  position  of  the  insect  heie  con- 
cerned, thouj^h  it  ap|)ears  Id  belono'  in  or  near  th(>  l'h\  tocoraria.  The 
iiead,  which  has  been  unco\<'i-ed  since  the  pliite  was  enjiraved,  is  less  than 
half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  but  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  lontj-,  and  thurt 
exceptionally  small.  The  thorax,  alionf  t\uce  as  broad  as  loii}^',  is  poste- 
riorh'  truncate,  while  the  front  narrows  rapiilly  l)ut  with  a  rounded  curve 
to  the  narrow  neck;  it  is  not  rarinate.  The  scutellum  is  of  larj^e  size, 
(■(piian«iidar,  with  perfectly  straifjlit  sides.  The  teiiinina  are  slender,  with 
{gently  eonvex  costa,  the  apical  niaryin  '>ltli(|Me,  but  flu-  neuration  can  be 
made  out  in  the  sin^i'le  spccinicn  kiiiiwit  neither  heic  nor  in  the  winj^s.  The 
hind  Icu^s  aic  I'atlier  loiij^  imd  slender,  the  femora  extendiifi^  far  bevond  rhe 
.sides  of  tin-  b(ni\  .iMil  ippareiitly  as  lon^'-  as  the  breadth  of  the  base  of  the 
ilidopien,  the  tibia'  still  Ioniser  with  a  row  of  vei'v  short  and  inconspicuous 
vol,   XIII 'Jt 


370 


TKIM'IAUY   INSKCTS  (»F  NOHTH  AMKIIICA. 


.'  U 


i    !• 


ilistiiiit  s|)iiU's.     Alxloinoii  oviit(s   coiiHtricttMl  at  tlio  l»iMe,  nitlior  broiully 
roiiiKlfil,  iiiid  not  |ii'o(1iic(mI  upictilly. 
>\  nitiglu  Hpecies  in  known. 

Al'OUKMA    rKAiSTUICTirM. 

Die  bodv  is  of  a  (lark  and  tolt>ral)ly  iiniforni  color.  Tho  Hurf'aceH  ()f 
the  tlioiax  and  scutollmn  aro  .smootli,  hnt  tin*  I'dfjcs  of  tlic  latter  transvci-Midy 
wrinkled.  The  lieni(d\  tra  are  li^'^lit  colored  or  pallid,  with  more  or  le.ns 
iiitiiinated  costal  ed^fe.  whi«'l»  expands  into  an  infninated  spot  at  tlu^  tip  of  tho 
coriiini  and  of  the  cunens,  in  the  former  case  larj^e,  in  the  latter  small;  tho 
inner  marjfin  is  scarcely  infumated  and  tlm  nienihrane  (dear.     Lefjfs  blackish. 

I.enjjth,  H.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  --'.fi.')""" .  abditmon,  2.8r.""» ;  lenjrth 
f  hind  tibia-,  •_'.")"'"'. 

Flori.ssant.     One  specimen,  No.  }I;H)(). 

IIADUONKMA  ITliler. 

This  f^eniis  so  far' as  known  is  rejtresented  by  a  flinnclo  species,  f(tund 
in  tlie  '{ocky  Mountain  region  and  in  .Mexi(Mi.  The  larj^er  spe(Mes  hero 
added  to  it  appears  to  a<^ree  better  with  it  than  with  any  other  witli  which 
T  liavo  been  able  to  compare  it,  though  it  i.s  doubtful  whether  it  really 
belongs  here. 

*  JIadronema  cinkrkscens. 

ri.  LM,  Fijf.  12. 

Head  small  and  ronnded.  scarc(dy  at  all  advanced  in  front  of  the  eves, 
uniformly  scaltroiis;  (irst  joint  of  antenna'  moderately  .stout,  not  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  head,  the  second  slender,  slightly  incra-ssated  in  the 
apical  half  or  less,  less  than  thre*^  times  as  long  as  the  first  joint,  the  third 
about  two-tliirds  as  long  as  the  second.  Thorax  scal)rous  like  tho  head, 
truncate  at  each  extremity,  less  than  twi(!e  as  Itroad  at  base  as  at  apex,  tho 
(d)li(jue  sides  gently  arcuate,  the  color  of  the  head  and  thorax  uniform  black. 
Ilenudvtrii  not  well  jtreserved,  the  legs  mod(;rately  slender,  stouter  and 
shorter  than  in  the  modern  II.  militaris  Uhl 

Length,  fi  (;•"■";   breadtli,  1'""". 

Florissant.     T>vo  specimens,  Noh.  2980,  13559. 


1 

>    i 


HKMIPTKUA— FrKTKItOPTK.ItA— PHYHAPOnKH, 


871 


Family  PHYSAPODES  Dum^ril. 

Tlumo  iiiiimU)  tlowor  iiiHoctH  Imvo  boon  found  !n  (•(MiHifloriihlo  nuinhurH 
in  Tortiiiry  dc^posits.  Aix,  Ocninffon,  Uott,  untl  uinljoi*  Imvt*  ouch  yioldod 
more  tliiin  ono  Hpccios  of  'I'lirips,  lift(^on  in  mI!.  of  which  nearly  half  con>o 
from  Uott.  Hcsid(-H  thiw  Uott  has  furtiiHlicl  lu.ir  HpocioH  of  ildiothripH  and 
ono  of  IMdicothripH,  wliilo  an  oxi  ict  jjonuH  (lalotlu'Ips  is  n-prcNontod  at  Aix 
))y  a  Hiii;ilo  species.  In  our  i>\vn  country  *hoy  have  hoen  detcM^tod  only  in 
thtf  White  Uiver  lieds,  where  one  species  i  :ich  of  the  j,'onora  Melanothrips, 
Lithadothrips,  and  i'nia'othrips  have  boon  found  and  aro  doHcribtid  bolow ; 
the  last  tw(»  of  the  {genera  are  extincf. 

MKLAKOTIIUIl'S  ilaliday. 

The  only  species  of  tiiis  jfonus  that  has  been  found  fossil  is  the  one 
described  l»olow.  So  fai  as  I  know  Melanothrips  has  not  boon  observed 
this  country  ainon^  recent  insects,  but  oidy  in  Europe;  but  so  little  in 
attention  has  been  paid  to  our  native  Hpecies  of  Wiysapodos  that  this  is  of 
little  significance. 

Mki-anothrii's  kxtincta. 

PI.  5.  Fifjs.  90,  »l. 

Melanolhripn  rritnda  Stiida..  Hull.  IT.  s.  Ocol.  Oooijr.  Siirv.  Tt<rr.,  I,  2-il  (187."0. 

Head  small,  taperiiifr;  tiio  only  appendages  visilde  are  the  aiitennse; 
these  are  oidy  sufticiently  preserved  to  recognize  that  they  are  very  long 
and  slender,  longer  than  the  thorax.  The  thorax  is  rather  small,  (piadrate; 
winjfs  noarlv  as  lony  as  the  bodv,  frinyed  on  the  costal  border  as  in  Pah-co- 
thrips  fossilis.  The  abdomen  is  compo.sed  of  only  eight  joints,  but  is  very 
long  and  very  tapering,  fusiform,  the  last  joint  jjroduced,  as  usual  in  the 
phvsai)o(ls;  the  third  joint  is  the  Imiadest;  of  the  wings  only  the  costal 
border  and  a  |)art  of  ono  of  the  longitudinal  veins  can  be  soon  ;  there  are 
no  remains  of  logs. 

Length  of  i)ody.  2.-_>""" ;  of  antoiuuc,  O.S""" ;  of  head,  0.14""" ;  of  thorax, 
0.r»""";  of  abdomen,  l..^)*;"'"';  greatest  In-eadth  of  abdomen,  0.5"'"'. 

('hagriii  ViiUey,  White  Uivor,  (/olorado.     One  specimen,  W.  Uenton, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


^       140 


25 
2.2 


~   Is 

^1^ 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STtEET 

WMSTM.N.Y.  M5tO 

(716)  87^4503 


%^ 


\ 


iV 


5^ 


\i 


372  TER'iiABY  INSECTS  OF  KORTH  AMERICA. 

LITHADOTHRIPS  Sciidder  {Xted?,  Gpi'iP). 

lAlhadotUriim  fW.nM.,  Rnll.  II.  H.  Uo«l.  OnoKr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  I,  2*il  (lH7r>). 

Allied  to  Mvlaiiotlirips  Haliday.  The  lieiul  is  lurge,  broad,  jflobose ; 
the  eyes  exceedingly  hirge,  globose,  each  occupying  on  a  superior  view 
fully  one-third  of  the  head  ;  the  antennae  very  slender,  equal,  as  long  as  the 
thorax,  the  joints  eight  or  nine  in  number,  cylindrical,  equal,  scarcely  en- 
larging toward  their  tips.  The  prothorax  is  no  larger  than  the  head,  of 
eqiial  breadth  with  it,  the  whole  thorax  shaped  as  in  Pal^eothrips.  Only 
fragments  of  the  wings  remain,  sufficient  to  render  it  probable  that  they 
agree  well  with  the  character  of  the  group  to  which  Melanothrips  and  iEolo- 
thrips  belong.  The  legs  resemble  those  of  Palaeothrips,  but  are  slender  and 
appear  to  be  rather  profusely  supplied  with  hairs.  The  abdomen  differs 
considerably  in  the  two  specimens  referred  to  this  genus.  In  one  it  is 
ver}-  broadly  fusiform,  the  tip  a  little  produced,  nine  joints  visible,  the 
.apical  furnished  with  a  few  hairs,  and  bluntl}^  rounded  at  the  tip  ;  the  other 
has  the  sides  equal,  the  apex  not  at  all  produced,  but  very  broadly  rounded, 
only  seven  or  eight  joints  vaguely  definable. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

LiTHADOTHRIPS    VETUSTA. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  88,  89,  102, 103. 
IMhadoOkrlpt  wiMto  Scodd.,  Ball.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  I,  S33  (1975). 

The  specimens,  both  of  which  represent  the  upper  surface  of  the  body 
with  fragments  and  vague  impressions  of  the  members,  are  too  poorly  pre- 
served to  add  anything  to  the  above  description  of  their  generic  features 
excepting  the  following  measurements  : 

First  specimen  :  Length  of  body,  1.76"""  •.  of  antenna;,  0.6""' ;  of  thorax, 
O.fi ."'"';  of  abdomen,  0  87"";  breadth  of  head,  0.28"";  of  thorax,  O.-'iS'^"; 
of  abdomen,  O.-'iJ;""' ;  length  of  fore  femora,  0..37""?;  breadth  of  same, 
0.14"";  length  of  hind  femora,  0.42"";  breadth  of  same,  0.13"". 

Second  specimen:  Length  of  body,  1.96"";  of  antennae,  0.76"™;  of 
thorax,  0M>""";  of  abdomen,  1.10"";  breadth  of  head,  0.3S"";  of  thorax, 
0  .^O""^  ;  of  abdomen,  0.59""'. 

f'ossil  (Jafion,  White  River,  Utah.     Two  specimens,  W.  Denton. 


HBMIPTKUA— UETEKOPTEUA— rUYSAl'ODES. 


373 


PxLiEOTHRlPS  Scudder  (rraXan'?,  6pt'if>). 

I'alaiothrtpt  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  I,  223  (1875). 

This  genus  is  allied  to  ^olothrips  Haliday.  The  head  is  small,  glo- 
bose ;  eyes  rounded,  much  smaller  than  in  Lithadothrips ;  antennae  slender, 
fully  as  long  as  the  thorax,  not  more  than  seven-jointed,  the  joints  cylin- 
drical, sul)equal.  Prothorax  considerabh'  larger  than  the  !iead,  the  thorax 
as  a  whole  very  large,  stout,  and  tumid ;  lore  femora  very  stout,  scarcely 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  fore  tibiae  also  stout,  a  little  longer  tiian 
the  femora ;  the  other  legs  are  moderately  stout,  long,  reaching  beyond  the 
tip  of  the  abdomen,  with  a  few  scattered  rather  short  spinous  hairs ;  the 
hind  tarsi  three-jointed,  the  last  joint  smaller  than  the  others  and  all  together 
two-sevenths  the  length  of  the  tibia;.  Fore  wings  unusually  broad,  broadest 
apically,  where  their  breadth  more  than  equals  one-fourth  of  their  entire 
length,  provided  with  two  longitudinal  veins,  dividing  the  disk  into  three 
nearly  equal  portions,  connected  in  the  middle  by  a  cross-vein,  alid  with 
either  border  b}'  other  cross-veins  at  about  one-third  and  two  thirds  the  dis- 
tance from  the  base  to  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  wing  is  heavily  fringed, 
especially  along  the  hind  ))order.  Hind  wingi?  veinless,  nearly  as  long,  and 
at  the  tip  nearly  as  broad,  as  the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  nine-jointed,  half 
as  long  again  as  the  thorax,  rather  tumid,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  produced 
apically. 

PaL^OTHRIPS   F088ILI8. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  104, 105,  115. 

Paliroihript  foatilit  Scudd.,  Proo.  Boat.  Soo.  Nat.  Hut.,  XI,  117-uaiiie  only  (IStiT);  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol. 
OeoKr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  l,'iiii--if£t  (1H75) ;  iu Zittel,  Haodb.  d.  Paluiinit.,  I,  il,  744,  Ki;;.  U9i)  (IH8.'>). 

Head  small,  tapering  a  little  in  front,  where,  however,  it  is  broadly 
rounded.  The  antennae  are  certainly  seven-jointed,  nnd  none  of  the  apicjil 
joints  show  any  indication  of  being  connate,  the  last  joint  being  of  the  same 
length  as  the  two  preceding  it,  tapering,  and  bluntly  pointed ;  none  of  the 
joints  show  any  enlargement  in  the  middle,  but  the  middle  joints  are  slightly 
larger  at  the  distal  extremity  than  at  the  base;  they  appear  to  be  destitute 
of  iiairs  The  prothorax  is  subquadrate,  a  little  broader  than  long,  with 
rounded  sides  ;  the  fore  femora  are  unusually  stout,  as  long  as  the  width  of 
the  prothorax.  The  longitudinal  veins  of  the  fore  wings  approach  ench 
other  somewhat  abruptly  in  the  middle,  where  they  are  united  by  a  cross- 


374 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTII  AMEUICA. 


vein,  and  at  the  tip  of  tlie  wing  they  curve  away  from  each  other ;  the  two 
cross-veins  on  the  lower  third  of  the  wing  are  respectively  slightly  farther 
from  the  base  of  the  wing  than  the  corresponding  veins  of  the  upper  t'.iird  ; 
the  fringe  on  the  posterior  border  is  largest  near  the  tip  of  the  wing,  where 
the  hairs  are  about  three  times  as  long  as  those  on  the  costal  border.  The 
firat  hind  tarsal  joint  is  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  cylindrical ;  the  second 
of  about  the  same  length  but  decidedly  broader  at  apex  than  at  base ; 
the  apical  joint  is  nearly  globular,  smallest  at  base,  as  large  in  the  middle 
as  the  base  of  the  other  joints.  There  are  a  few  hairs  at  the  tip  of  the  abdo- 
men and  a  few  short  ones  on  the  hind  tibiu; ;  the  apical  ones  stouter  than 
the  others,  resembling  spines ;  but  the  insect  appears  to  have  been  unusually 
destitute  of  hairs,  excepting  on  the  wings,  where  not  only  the  edges  but  also 
all  the  veins  are  fringed. 

Length  of  body,  1.6-1.8""";  of  antenna},  0.58""";  of  fore  femora,  0.32"""; 
breadth,  of  same,  O.U"'™;  length  of  fore  tibia',  0.32'""';  of  hind  femora, 
O.aS"";  breadth  of  same,  O.U"™;  length  o^  hind  tibije,  0.42'"'";  of  hind 
tarsi,  0.12'"'"  ;  of  fore  wings,  1.4""";  of  hind  wings,  1.27""" ;  greatest  breadth 
of  fore  wings,  0.37""™ ;  length  of  prothorax,  O.lfi"'™ ;  breadth  of  same,  0.32"'"'; 
length  of  whole  thorax,  0.64"" ;  of  abdomen,  0.92""" ;  greatest  breadth  of 
the  same,  0.37""'. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     W.  Denton. 


'    b' 


Family  LYC^IDJEL  West  wood. 

This  family  has  been  recognized  in  the  Secondary  rocks  by  somewhat 
obscure  fragments  in  England  and  Germany,  but  in  Tertiary  deposits  the 
family  is  comparatively  abundant  and  widespread.  Curiously  enough,  only 
two  species  have  been  recorded  from  amber,  and  in  Menge's  Collection  the 
family  was  represented  by  but  one.  Three-fou'  ths  of  the  known  European 
species  are  those  described  by  Heer,  wiio  refen^d  them  to  few  genera.  It 
is  difHcult  to  ])lace  the  larger  number  of  those  w)uch  have  been  recorded, 
but  to  judge  in  part  by  the  living  species  with  which  some  of  them  are  com- 
pared it  is  plain  that  the  MyoJochina  should  claim  about  one-half  of  them 
and  the  Lygseina  the  larger  part  of  the  remainder,  the  others  being  distrib- 
autble  among  the  Cymina,  Blissina,  and  Ileterogastrina.  In  all  there  are 
thirty-seven  species  credited  to  six  genera. 


HEMiPTEliA— HETEE01»TEUA— LYGiElD.15. 


375 


In  our  own  country  the  numbers  are  largely  in  excess  of  this,  fifty-ono 
species  being  recognized,  showing  this  family  to  have  been  one  of  the  more 
important  among  Tertiary  Heteroptera.  The  disposition  of  these  in  their 
respective  subfamilies  has  bee.  effected  only  by  their  evident  affinities  in 
general  structure  with  existing  members  of  these  subfamilies,  not  by  a 
demonstration  of  those  definite  characters  (mostly  relating  to  the  position 
of  the  stigmata)  upon  which  these  subfamilies  were  founded,  as  that  would 
be  impossible.  The  result  shews  no  small  resemblance  to  the  character- 
istics of  the  European  Tertiary  fauna,  the  prevailing  type  being  the  Myo- 
douhina  and  the  next  the  Lygaeina,  but  beyond  this  the  resemblance  fails 
to  extend  greatly,  the  prevailing  family  having  nearly  73  per  cent  of  the 
wliole,  while  in  Europe  they  claim  scarcely  more  than  50  per  cent ;  and 
again  the  Lygseina  have  less  than  16  per  cent  of  the  whole,  while  in  Europe 
they  have  about  35  per  cent ;  further,  none  of  the  otlier  subfamilies  which 
appear  in  Europe  are  found  at  all  in  America,  our  other  groups  being  Geo- 
corina,  Oxycarenina,  and  Pyrrhocorina,  which  find  no  place  in  Europe. 
But  perhaps  the  most  remarkable  rei'ult  of  the  investigation  of  the  Ameri- 
can forms  is  the  large  number  of  new  generic  types  found  to  be  necessary 
in  the  Myodochina,  where,  out  of  the  twenty-one  genera  only  four  (with 
but  five  species  together)  are  regarded  as  identical  with  existing  types. 
In  the  Old  World  a  single  species  found  at  Oeningen  has  been  considered 
the  type  of  an  extinct  genus,  Cephalocoris,  not  found  with  us ;  but  undoubt- 
edly, to  judge  from  the  illustrations  and  descriptions,  a  more  searching 
examination  would  bring  out  a  different  condition  of  things.  Besides  this, 
Heer  has  established  a  magazine  genus,  Lygfeites,  for  all  the  members  of 
the  family  for  which  he  could  find  no  place  ;  it  evidently  comprises  very 
diverse  forms. 

Subfamily  LYQ^EINA  St&l. 

This  group  of  Lygjeidie  holds  the  second  rank  among  the  fossils  both 
in  Europe  and  America,  but  its  relative  and  ab.solute  importance  is  greater 
in  the  Old  World  than  in  the  New.  In  Europe  a  considerable  number  of 
species,  ten  or  eleven,  are  referred  to  Lygaeus,  not  including  those  which 
plainly  do  not  belong  here,  but  it  is  probable  that  only  one  of  the  species 
of  Heer's  magazine  genus  Lygtcites  belongs  here,  most  of  the  others  being 
more  probably  Myodochina;  to  this  we  may  perhaps  add  his  extinct  genus 
Cephalocoris.     All  of  these  seem  to  belong  to  the  division  of  Lygajaria. 


37G 


TEUTIAKY  1NSE(3TS  OK  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


In  our  own  Tertiaries  I  have  referred  all  the  species  to  the  modern  genera 
Lygteus  (three)  and  Nysius  (five),  the  former  belonifingf  to  the  division 
L3'giearia,  the  latter  to  the  Orsillaria.  The  resemblance  between  the  Ter- 
tiary Lygjrina  of  Europe  and  America  is  therefore  not  very  strong. 

LYCJ^^US  Fabricius. 

This  old  genus  having  given  birth  to  the  family  name,  a  considerable 
number  of  fossils  have  been  referred  to  it.  Nine  have  been  described,  one 
each  from  Aix  and  Krottensee,  two  each  from  Oeningen  and  Sieblos,  and 
three  from  Radoljoj ;  Serres  also  refera  to  four,  and  Curtis  to  one,  species  of 
the  genus  at  Ai.x,  and  Herendt  and  Gravenhorst  credit  the  genus  to  amber. 
Three  of  these  unnamed  forms,  however,  are  compared  to  certain  living 
species,  which  show  that  they  can  not  belong  here,  and  the  species  from 
Krottensee,  L.  mntilus,  is  certainly  not  a  Lygicus,  so  that  oidy  ten  or 
eleven  species  at  the  most,  named  and  unnamed,  can  be  claimed  for  the 
European  Tertiaries.     In  America  we  have  three,  all  found  at  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  upeeim  of  Lijgirut. 

Anterior  Mvimriktvil  from  puitturior  lub«  of  thorax  by  u  diHtinct  though  liii<-  tiilterciilate  ridgo. 

1.  L.  ttalnliliin. 
Anterior  aud  iioaterior  loboii  not  distiuotly  iw|iarated. 

Thorax  diHtinutly  though  Hparnely  punt'tnriul 'i.  L.  ohnolmctHH. 

Thorax  smooth 3.  I..facukiittta, 

1.    LyO.TA'S   8TABlLlTi;.S. 

PI.  22,  Fig.  10;  PI.  24,  Fig.  1«. 

Head  strongly  l)ut  roundly  produced  in  front  of  the  pretty  large  eyes, 
the  surface  finely  rugulose,  uniform  black-brown,  the  antennaj  tiniformly 
fuscous.  Thorax  with  am|)liated  lateral  margins,  which  are  finely  mar- 
giiuite,  the  front  margin  considerably,  regularly,  and  roundly  emarginate; 
siu'face  of  posterior  lol)e  coarsely,  faintly,  and  distantly  punctate,  of  anterior 
much  like  the  head,  the  two  separated  Dy  a  slight  indented  carina,  giving 
it  a  tuberculate  appearance;  the  anterior  lobe  is  dark  lik  >  the  head,  the 
posterior  [)aler  but  oliscurely  so ;  the  scutelluni  in  color  and  surface  struct- 
ure is  like  the  head.  Tlie  hemelytra  are  dark  obscure,  with  a  broad  faint 
band  crossing  them  when  closed  just  beyond  the  tip  of  the  scutelluni,  very 
much  as  in  Dysdercus  cinctus  of  the  same  beds,  which  but  for  tlie'presence 
of  ocelli  this  species  greatly  resembles. 


t 


'\ 


UEiAIirXEUA— IlKTKUOl'TKItA-LYG^HD.K. 


377 


Length  of  body,  8.r)-!>'""' ;  aiiteniwc,  3.5°"" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  .'{""" 
Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  11020  and  11236,  11219,  and  of 
the  Princeton  Collection,  Nos.  1.811  and  1.821. 

2.  LvGirUS   OB80LE8CEM8. 

PI.  24,  Fig.  15. 

Head  strongly  but  roundly  produced  in  front  of  tlie  large  eyes ;  the 
surface  smooth,  uniform ;  antennaj  longer  than  in  the  other  species,  uni- 
formly fu.scous.  Thorax  with  nearly  straight  sides,  the  anterior  outer 
angles  rounded,  the  front  margin  regularly,  roundly,  though  not  consider- 
ably, marginate;  surface  uniformly,  very  sparsely  and  coarsely  punctate, 
the  scutellum  similar.  Color  of  whole  body  uniform  or  nearly  so,  biit  with 
faint  signs  that  the  disk  of  the  thorax  was  lighter  than  the  rest  and  that  a 
lighter  but  obscure  and  narrow  band  crossed  the  closed  hemelytra  and 
scutellum  at  the  apex  of  the  latter. 

Length  of  body,  10""" ;  antennjv,  4.5""» ;  breadth  of  thon»x,  3.5""". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  421,  10454,  11218. 

3.  LvGiEUS   P.TCCULENTUS. 

Head  but  little  and  roundly  produced  in  front  of  the  eyes,  the  surface 
smooth,  more  or  less  mottled,  the  untennjv  fuscous,  the  second  joint  much 
darker  than  the  succeeding.  Thorax  with  scarcely  ampliated,  oblique  lat- 
eral margins,  the  front  margin  gen-ly  and  roundly  emarginate,  the  whole 
surface  smooth,  fusco-fuliginous,  with  a  pair  of  oblique  and  divergent 
paler  lateral  clouds ;  scutellum  smot)th,  the  <lisk  and  base  fusco-fuliginous, 
tlie  rest  obscure  pallid.  Hemelytra  fuliginous  with  no  transverse  pallid 
band,  but  with  a  narrow,  pallid  stripe  following  the  sutura  clavi. 

Length  of  body,  !).75""";  antennjp,  3.75"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  31™"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1  835,  of  the  Princeton  Collection. 

NYSIUS  Dallas. 

No  fossil  Heteroptera  have  been  before  referred  to  this  genus,  which 
is  found  all  over  the  world,  from  Greenland  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  in 
the  East  Indian  and  Pacific  Islands,  and  in  North  and  South  America 
Five  species  occurring  in  the  Florissant  shales  belong  here  or  in  the  near 
vicinity,  and  may  be  separated  by  the  following  table : 


378  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Tahle  of  ihf  ipgvie*  of  Aj^iiiM. 

Auteunu)  dlstloctly  more  than  half  aa  \oag  as  tlia  botly. 

Heiul  (lUtiuotly  lonxer  tliaii  broad ;  body  rel^tivuly  Hlumlor  ..   1.  ^.  ritiohM. 

Head  dUtiiiotly  broader  than  lout;;  bo<ly  ndutivuly  Htoiiti i.  y.  feonla. 

Anteuiiiu  uearly  or  quite  halfnii  long  aa  iho  botly,  but  not  more. 
AuteniiHt  half  oa  long  ii*  the  body. 

Thorax  tapering  considertbly,  the  apex  hardly  nioro  than  half  as  long  as  the  base;  niembriiHe 

distinctly  infniuated ',i.  N.  tritim. 

Thorax  tapering  but  little,  the  apex  fully  two-thinls  as  lung  us  thobaso;  niunibruno  appar- 
ently eleor 4.  .V.  tirrnr. 

Auteui-.ie  distinctly  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  boiiy 5.  y.  ttralMii. 

1.  Nysius  VINCTUS. 

Body  alender,  three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  head  and  thorax  bhick, 
the  abdomen  blackish  fuscous,  antemiiu  and  legs  very  dark  testaceous. 
Bead-  considerably  longer  than  broad,  well  rounded,  iieavily  jiuuctate. 
Antenna;  distinctly  more  than  half  lus  long  as  the  body,  the  basal  joint  stout, 
the  remainder  slender,  decreasing  regularly  and  slightly  in  size  from  the 
second  to  tiie  fourth.  Thorax  rapidly  tapering  forward,  the  apical  abimt 
half  the  length  of  the  basal  margin,  both  truncate  ;  surface  heavily  puncttite. 
Apex  of  coriuin  reaching  scarcely  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen, 
corium  infuscated ;  membrane  clear  with  distinct  fuscous  veins. 

Length  of  body,  <i""";  autennaj,  3.6""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2"'™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7310. 

2.  Nysius  vecula. 

PI,  2'-',  Fig.  7. 

Body  as  compared  with  the  preceding  species  relatively  stojit,  being 
somewhat  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  wliole  body  with  the  legs 
blackish  fuscous,  antennse  slightly  paler.  Head  bnnidei'  than  long,  rounded 
subtriangular,  smooth  or  scarcely  punctate.  Antenna;  distinctly  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  basal  joint  moderately  stout,  projecting  con- 
siderably beyond  the  fnmt,  the  remaining  joints  .slender,  the  apical  barely 
incrassated  and  as  long  as  the  penultimate.  Thorax  tapering  regularly  and 
considerably,  the  apical  considerably  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal 
margin,  both  truncate,  the  oblicjue  sides  without  ampliation ;  the  surface 
rather  delicately  punctate.  Hemelytra  with  corium  infuscated,  reaching 
somewhat  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen ;  all  the  veins  delicately 
punctate. 

Length  of  body,  5.5-5.G""";  antenna-,  3.7o""":  breadth  of  body,  2. G"-"'. 


■■ 


I 


IIKMII'TEUA— IIETEKOPTKRA— LYd/l-nu.E. 


379 


Floiismint.  Seven  HpecimeuH,  Noa.  3601,  3739,  4886,  11522,  11549, 
13153,  and  from  the  Princeton  Collection  1.828. 

3.  NySIUS   TRITU8. 

VI  23,  Fig.  20. 

Body  slender,  fully  three  tinien  Jis  long'  as  broad ;  the  head  and  thorax 
black,  tiio  abdomen  blackish  fuscous;  corium  and  davus  of  hemelytra 
blackish  brown  with  a  large,  triangular,  clear,  pallid  spot  occupying  the 
basal  half  or  more  of  the  corium,  and  also  another  smaller,  triangular,  pallid 
spot  at  its  extreme  apex ;  membrane  fuliginous.  Head  subrotund,  broader 
than  the  apex  of  the  thorax,  apparently  broadly  ungulate  in  front,  the  sur- 
face smooth.  The  antenna;  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  apical  joint  slightly 
incrassated.  Thorax  tapering  rapidly  and  regularly  from  base  to  apex,  the 
apical  hardly  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal  margin,  both  truncate;  the 
surface  heavily  punctate,  as  is  also  that  of  the  scutellum ;  veins  of  the 
hemelytra  also  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  4  3'"'";  antenniP,  2.15'"'";  breadth,  1.35'"'". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6142,  12465. 

4.  NySIUS   TERKiE. 
PI.  23,  Fig.  31. 

Body  moderately  slender,  rendered  less  so  by  its  slightly  oval  shape ; 
liead  and  thorax  blackish  brown,  the  abdomen  a  little  paler;  legs  and 
antenna!  dark  testaceous.  Head  small,  distinctly  broader  than  long,  rounded, 
with  the  eyes  narrower  than  the  apex  of  the  thorax ;  surface  smooth. 
Antennic  Jialf  as  long  as  the  body,  the  basal  joint  projecting  but  little  be- 
yond the  front  o''the  head,  the  apical  slightly  incrassated  and  fully  as  long 
as  the  penultimate  joint.  T!iorax  tapering  gently  from  base  to  apex,  the 
apical  fully  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  basal  margin,  both  truncate  ;  the  sides 
hardly  ampliated ;  surface  heavily  j)unctate,  as  is  also  the  scuteHum. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  nearly  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the 
abdomen,  dark  fuscous,  with  a  very  large,  rounded,  blackish  fuscous  spot 
in  the  middle  of  the  aj)ical  margin  ;  the  membrane  apparently  clear. 

Length  of  body,  4.1""";  antennae,  2'""' ;  breadth  of  base  of  thorax, 
J  25'""' 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  4606,  7064. 


380 


TKKTIAUY  INSECTS  OK  NORTH  AMKKIUA. 


f).    NyhIIIH   HTKATim. 
PI.  23,  FJjjs.  14,  27 ;  I'l.  25,  Fikh.  2,  8. 

Body  rather  slender,  being  about,  tin-ee  tinies  an  long  an  1>road.  Head 
rounded,  siibtriang'ular,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  or,  if  anything, 
a  little  broader  than  long,  with  the  eyes  slightly  broader  than  the  apex  of 
the  thorax,  sniooth.  Antennic  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  stout 
basal  joint  projecting  slightly  beyond  the  front  of  the  head,  the  second  joint 
very  slender,  the  others  gradiudly  incrassated,  so  as  to  be  fully  half  as  broad 
again  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  joint  as  in  the  middle  of  the  second  joint, 
the  apical  fully  as  long  as  the  penultimate  joint.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  taper- 
ing from  base  to  apex  gradually  and  regularly,  with  straight  sides,  some- 
times a  little  ampliated,  the  apical  distinctly  more  than  one-half  as  long  as 
the  basal  margin,  both  truncate,  or  the  apical  v«;ry  slightly  antl  roundly 
cniarginate,  surface  coarsely  punctaite  like  the  scutelluni.  All  the  femora 
rather  stout,  the  fore  and  middle  jmirs  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  hind  \mr 
iv  little  longer,  smooth ;  all  the  tibia'  slightly  hinger  than  their  respective 
femora,  slender,  (^orium  of  henielytra  with  the  apex  reaching  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  abdomen,  testareons,  with  blackish  fuscous  blotches  irregu- 
larly distributed ;  all  the  veins  of  the  coriunt  and  davus  distinctly  punctate ; 
membrane  nearly  clear  with  testaceous  streaks  alonjr  tiie  veins. 

I^ength  of  body,  4-."»""" :  antenna",  1.75-J""" ;  breadth  of  1>ody,  Lf)-!.?'""' 

This  is  the  connnonest  of  the  Lyga'ichc  at  Florissant. 

Florissant,  'i'wenty-five  specimens,  Nos.  902,  liJ49,  1(j71,  .'JaTf!,  4853, 
4931,  <il23,  6177,  6365,  6542,  7r)4(>,  1(>381,  l()«2r),  10888,  10!M)9,  11140, 
11164,  12065,  1246,',,  12751,  131.^»8,  1402.%  14181,  14432,  and  from  the 
Princeton  Collection  1.840. 


Sublainily  CrEOCOHlNA  Sttil. 

A  single  species  referred  below  to  Geocoris  is  the  only  fossil  form  ever 
recognized  in  this  family. 

GEOCORIS  Fallen. 

This  cosmopolitan  genus,  rich  in  sj)ecies  and  about  equally  developed 
in  the  Old  and  New  Worlds,  is  more  prolific  in  the  northern  than  in  the 
southern  hemisphere  in  the  New  World,  the  opposite  in  the  Old  World.  It 
has  never  been  recognized  in  a  fossil  state,  but  a  single  species  a])pears  to 


IIKMIPTKRA— HKTKUOPTEKA— LYGiElD.K. 


361 


occur  at  FloiiHsunt,  where  itH  Htrikin|^  breadth  of  head  and  Btout  fore  fernora 
diHtinjfiiiHh  it  from  all  other  forms. 

(Ikocorim  inkkknokiim. 
ri.  23,  KijjH.  17,  20. 

Head  broadly  rounded  in  front  without  the  least  Hign  of  being  pro- 
duced, in  which  it  differs  strikingly  from  all  existing  species  I  have  been 
able  to  exauiine  ;  twicte  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  snudl  eyes  just  as  broad 
as  the  front  of  the  thorax ;  antenna;  shorter  than  head  and  thorax  com- 
bined, very  slender,  cylindrical,  with  no  enlargement  anywhere,  the  sei^ond 
joijit  longest,  the  third  and  fourth  successively  shorter.  The  thorax  is 
nearly  or  (juite  twice  as  broad  as  long  with  gently  convex  sides,  scarcely 
narrower  in  fron*  than  behind,  and  the  angles  hardly  rounded;  the  surface 
is  very  feebly  jiunctate.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  hardly  reaching 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  very  opaque  fuscous  with  pale  patches 
or  streaks  following  the  course  of  the  veins ;  membrane  invisible.  Legs 
short,  the  fore  femora  (wiien  turned  so  as  to  see  the  broader  face)  very 
stout,  rotund,  not  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  broad.  Abdomen  very 
broad  and  full. 

Length,  .'i.'i.')""" ;  breadth,  1.45"'"'. 

Florissant.     Six  specimens,  Nos.  TjCUO,  5734,  58<J4,  5888,  6483,  13152. 

SublJimily  OXYCARENINA  StM. 
Tiiis  grouj),  much  more  highly  developed  in  the  Old  World  than  in  the 
New,  has  never  been  found  fossil  there ;  but  here  we  have  an  extinct  ffenus. 
Procrophius,  in  the  shales  of  Florissant,  with  three  species. 

PKOCROPHIUS  gen.  nov.  {7rp6,  Crophius,  nom.  gen.). 

The  brevity  of  the  antennai  and  of  the  corium  at  once  distinguish  this 
from  any  living  forms  of  Lygajidje  with  which  it  would  appear  to  be  related, 
and  with  which  from  its  abundance  in  the  rocks  we  should  perhaps  the 
more  expect  to  find  relationship.  The  brevity  of  the  corium  distinguishes 
it  from  Ischnorhynchus  with  which  its  general  form  agrees,  especially  with 
the  Central  American  species,  and  I  can  find  nothing  nearer  to  it  than  Cro- 
phius, fronj  which  it  dififers  decidedly  in  the  antenn.ne.  The  head  is  trian- 
gular, shorter  than  broad,  together  with  the  eyes  of  the  same  breadth  as  the 


Il  '■ 


382  TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA: 

iiHrrowod  i:ppx  of  tlio  thorax,  which  !h  brondeat  at  extreme  haHC,  or  clone  to 
it,  much  hi-oador  than  long,  and  tapunt  forward  with  greater  or  Ichh  rapidity 
and  rojrnlarity.  The  hemelytra  have  the  ontor  extremity  of  the  coriinn 
reachih},'  not  far  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  and  the  legs  are  very 
nnn-h  aH  in  C'rophiuH.  The  antenna'  are  at  moHt  only  a  little  more  than  a 
third  art  long  an  tlie  body,  the  iirHt  joint  Hhort  and  not  HnrpaHMing  the  head, 
the  rest  nlender  and  nearly  cylindrical,  the  second  the  longest,  the  tliird  and 
fonrtli  e(inal  in  length,  but  the  last  slightly  incrnssated. 

'^Phree  species  occur  at  Florissant,  one  of  them  in  great  abundance. 

Table  of  the  niireiet  of  Procrophiim. 

Ilfinel.x  trik  with  iindiMtinet  wrleii  of  iinnctiiri'x, 

ntMiii'lytru  iinifortiily  nr  nlinoNt  iiniforinly  nhiiciiro t.  P.  eommunii. 

Ili*iiii<l,vtrik  riciii-  with  a  liroail  c<mtul  thivki'iiing 3.  /*.  contalit. 

Homely tru  with  iliiitiiu't  surii-Hol'  |iiincttiri>M  rtillowliiK  thu  iiialii  vuina 3.  /'.  laitgH«n$. 

1.  Procuophius  coMMirxis. 

PI.  23,  Figs.  13,  18,  IIS,  29 ;  D.  24,  Fij;.  1. 

The  antennne  of  this  t^pecies  are  much  stouter  than  in  the  next,  and 
aiSO  relativt^ly  shorter.  The  head  is  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  thorax, 
or  a  little  more  than  that,  very  bluntly  angled  in  front ;  thorax  about  as 
long  as  the  anteritu*  breiidth,  at  least  half  as  broad  again  ])osteriorly,  taper- 
ing with  great  uniformity  so  as  to  show  but  little  curvature  to  the  sides,  the 
surface  nearly  smooth,  entirely  without  constriction  ne.xt  the  base.  Heme- 
lytra dark  iuid  obscure,  occasionally  with  ob.scure  lighter  patches  below  the 
costal  field  and  next  the  middle  of  the  menibiMiial  suture;  membrane  clear. 

This  is  one  of  the  commonest  species  of  Lygicida^  at  Florissant 

Length  of  body,  3.5""" ;  breadth,  1.5""";  length  of  corium,  1..')""'. 

Florissant.  Twenty  specimens,  No.s.  193,  2bH,  1209, 1404, 1570,  2388, 
4313,  4577,  4(J02,  5722,  5832,  (J205,  G246,  r,873,  7330, 11184,  11222,  11652, 
12061,  12458. 

2.  ProCKOPHIUS   C08TALI8. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  8. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding  in  the  slenderer  antennae,  the 
more  rounded  sides  of  the  pronotum,  and  the  diaracter  of  the  slightly  rela- 
tively longer  liemelytra.  The  thorax  is  nitlier  stouter  tlian  in  1*.  communis, 
being  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  gently  roimded  sides,  which  at 


IIEMIPTBRA— UKTEUOPTBRA— LY0i1Sinil<:. 


383 


tlio  Hiimo  titno  tupcn'  rapidly ;  tlio  Hurfnco  Hinooth.  Tlio  lionielytra  are  light 
colored,  oxcuptitijf  for  an  equal,  not  very  broad,  coHtnl  thickening  of  n  tes- 
tacuouH  color,  wliicli  appoarH  to  he  cliaracteriHtic.  The  abdomen  Hoenm  to 
bH  ordinarily  fiillor  in  tlio  apical  half  than  in  I*.  conununiH. 

lAMigth,  .•1.4'"";  breadth,  1,6""";  length  of  corinm,  1.76"'"'. 

FlorisHant.     Five  HpecinionH,  Noh.  6952,  6367,  6394,  7062,  9937. 

3.  I'ROCRopimm  lanquens. 
PI.  L'3,  FiR.  23. 

A  single  specimen  has  been  separated  from  the  others  on  account  of 
certain  characteristics  which  appear  to  be  peculiar;  unfortunately  the 
appendages  of  the  head  are  not  preserved,  but  the  head  itself  appears  to  be 
longer  and  more  produced  than  in  either  of  the  other  species,  and  the  tho- 
rax of  the  same  foi'ni  as  in  P.  comnuinis,  .tapering  as  rapidly  and  with  rec- 
tilinear sides,  but  it  is  ])erliaps  a  little  shorter  than  in  P.  communis  and  its 
surface  a  little  less  smooth.  The  hemelytra  are  clear  throughout,  and 
show  lines  of  punctures  along  the  course  of  the  principal  veins  which  can 
not  be  niado  out  in  either  of  the  other  species.  The  abdomen  has  the  form 
of  that  of  P.  costalis 

Length,  3.4"'";  breadth,  l.S"""';  length  of  corium,  1.5""". 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  G239. 

Subfamily  MYODOCHINA  St&l. 

As  has  been  stated  above,  the  vast  majority  of  the  American  fossil 
Lyga-'idai  belong  to  the  present  group.  A  remarkable  feature  to  be  noticed 
in  them — not  embracing  all  the  specie^,  but  certainly  most  of  them — is  the 
brevity  of  the  antennae,  rarely  half  as  long  at  the  body,  and  usually  much 
shorter  than  ih^it.  They  are  extraordinary,  too,  for  the  very  large  propor- 
tion which  can  not  bo  referred  to  existing  genera,  and  for  their  general 
resemblance  as  a  whole  to  subtropical  types.  The  members  of  the  first 
group,  the  Myodocharia,  seem  to  form,  with  few  exceptions,  a  type  apart, 
in  which  the  i)Osterior  lobe  of  the  thorax  does  not  broaden  from  behind  for- 
ward, being  as  a  whole  narrower,  or  at  least  no  broader,  than  the  anterior 
lobe  when  the  latter  has  ampliated  sides,  the  opposite  being  ordinarily  the 
case  in  modern  types.  With  a  single  exception  or  two  they  all  come  from 
Florissant. 


384 


TKKTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Table  of  the  genera  of  foiiil  MjiodooHna. 

Anterior  and  iioHterlor  loWs  of  thorax  with  independent  lateral  c-irven (Viv.  Myodocharin.) 

Middle  fi^iiiora  ns  loaK  ati  the  width  of  the  body  at  their  inxertion 1.  lAjiirocoriii, 

Middle  feniorn  Hhorter  than  the  width  of  the  body  at  their  inticrtinn. 
Anterior  lohe  of  thorax  with  the  sides  arcnato. 

Minnte  HpecieN,  lens  than  four  niilliineteni  in  length 2.  Stenopamern. 

Larger  speciev,  not  less  than  Hve  niiMinieten*  in  lenittli. 
Anterior  ninch  longer  than  nosteilor  lobe  of  thorax. 

AnttMinie  no  longer  than  head  »nd  thorax  ;  terminal  Joint  no  broader  thai:  middle 

of  second  joint :i.  Caloi>nmern. 

Antennw  as  long  as  hea<I,  thorax,  and  Hfutellnm ;  Terininiil  Joint  iiu-iosMated. 

4.  Phmdoimmern. 

Anterior  lubr  of  thornx  a  little  shorter  than  the  poHtorlor 5.  Cholula, 

Anterior  IoIh*  of  thorax  with  the  sides  oblii|iic  and  straight. 
Anterior  and  posterior  loWs  of  thorax  abnnt  fi|iially  long. 

Larger  forms.     Ant'eiinie  more  than  half  us  long  as  body  ;  head  an  broiul  as  middle  <if 

thorax;  ubdimien  laterally  expanded (i.  Hthoeorii. 

Sinalli-r  forniH.     Anteiinie  only  half  as  long  as  Ixxly  ;  lieiid  niiirli  narrower  than  mid- 
dle of  thorax  ;  abdnni>-n  not  laterally  expanded 7.  Cophoforin. 

Posterior  IoIm*  of  thorax  distinetly  shorter  than  anterior. 

Posieiior  margin  of  thorax  angnlate,  the  posterior  lobe  twice  as  long  in  the  niiiblle  as 

at  siiles H.  lim-oriteii. 

Posterior  margin  of  thornx  truncate,  the  posterior  IoIm*  of  equal  letigtli  tlironghiuit. 
Antenna'  as  long  as  head  and  thorax  together,  or  longer;     heail  longer  thai 

broad ".t.  I'roairiii. 

Antenna*  short^er  than  bead  and  thorax  together ;  head  broader  than  long. 

10.  Clereat'otiii. 
Aiiterioi' and  posterior  lolie.s  of  thorax  dislingiilsliabie  only,  ifutall,  by  the  tra'isverse  Impressed  line 

<:f  the  iipiHT  surface O'iv.  RhyparochromRrin«) 

K.i'es  Hiiiall,  globular;  lieail  not,  broader  than  front  of  thorax. 

Minnte  s|)ecies,  usually  les."  thitii  4'"'"  (in  one  instance  us  mnrh  as  4.ri""")  in  length. 
Antenna*  only  i>s  long  as  head  and  thorax  together. 

Anterior  iMirderof  thorax  very  innch  shorter  than  the  post«rior  ;  or,  If  not,  ninch  longer 
than  the  length  of  the  ihorax. 
C'oriiini  of  hemlytra  reaching  only  the  middle  of  the  abdinnen  ...  11.  TritiicznnotiiH. 
Corinni  of  heinelytra  reaching  diFtinctly  beyond  the  I'liddle  of  the  abdomen. 

I'i.  /.IN mill. 
Anterior  border  of  thorax  but  little  shorter  than  the  posterior  and  of  tli"  siiiiie  length 

as  the  thorax lit.  lihiifiorochromnn 

.'.nteniiie  fully  half  as  long  as  liodr. 

Second  Joint  of  autennio  scarcely  longer  than  thiril  or  fourth   II.  I'lwhymrrH- 

Second  joint  of  antenna*  much  longer  than  either  of  Mie  succeeding  ..  ...!.'>.  Tiromrriix. 
iisrger  s|M<cies,  usually  more  than  W"'"  (in  one  instance  as  lillle  as  4.7""")  in  lengtli. 

Antenna*  ni-arly  or  (piite  half  us  long  us  the  hmly,  the  last  Joint  scarcely  or  not  iiicrassati*il. 

Hi.  l.ilhiichrnmun. 
Antennai  not  or  scaroely  longer  than  hcoil  and  thorax  together,  the  lust  joint  usually  a 
little  incrossated. 
.'^econil  Joint  of  antenna*  longest. 

Thorax  consideralily  less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long IT.  ('•ijilorhromim. 

Thorax  iniich  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long 1h.  I'roliiija'un. 

Last  JoMit  of  antenna*  longest. 

Kyesat  ba.se  of  head  ;  thorax  piinctat**;  sides  of  ul'doinen  expanded,  usually  beyond 

the  closed  heinelytra 1!).  .Yccn>c*ron«M<i. 

Kyes  in  middle  of  head;  thorax  smooth  ;  siiles  of  uli  lom»ii  not  expaivled  laterally 

beyond  the  hemelytra iJO.  Ktilrlut. 

Eyes  large,  lenticular,  half  us  long  as  the  thorax ;  head  considerably  brooiler  than  the  front  of  the 
thorax 'i\.  CryjilochrornHM 


II E  M I ITK  H  A  - 1 1 1-: T  K  llO  I  •  T  K  H  A— I.  Y(  J.E  1  D^E. 


385 


1.  I.IGYROCORIS  Stal. 

This  American  gemis,  best  developed  in  Mexico  and  Centrul  America, 
wliere  seven  species  are  recorded,  -nd  wliicli  also  extends  into  the  United 
States,  where  two  species  are  known  in  the  eastern  portions,  seems  to  be 
represented  in  the  Floiissant  shales  by  one  species,  thoujrli  the  obscnrity 
of  the  sing'le  specimen  makes  the  reference  somewhat  donbtfid.  No  extinct 
forms  have  before  been  recognized. 

LiGYKOCOKIS  EXHlJCrilS. 
PI.  24,  Fig  5. 

The  single  specimen  tliat  is  referred  here  is  very  poorly  i)reserved, 
but  differs  markedly  from  nil  otiier  specimens;  in  general  the  aspect  of  the 
insect  is  that  of  ii,  fiigyrocoris,  and  I  have  accordingly  placed  it  in  that 
genus.  The  head  appears  to  be  of  the  same  width  as  the  thorax,  which  is 
sulxpiadrate,  narrows  very  little  forward,  and  is  rather  broader  than  long. 
The  antenna  are  slender,  and  if  turned  backward  would  reatih  about 
half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  closed  hemelytra.  T'he  fore  and  middle  femora 
are  very  similar  in  ciiaracter,  the  middle  pair  slightly  the  longer,  moder- 
ately stout,  of  neaily  ecjual  width  throughout,  the  hind  femora  longer  still 
and  perhaps  a  little  sleiulerer,  reaching  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen, 
Hemelytra  with  the  membrane  reaching  far  beyond  the  tip  of  the  abdo- 
men, the  veins  dusky ;  the  whole  body  is  of  a  uniformly  dark  color. 

Length  of  body,  5.25""" ;  including  the  closed  hemelytra,  7"""  ;  breadth 
of  body,  l.G"'"' ;  length  of  hind  tibiai  and  tarsi,  4"'"'. 

Plorissant.     One  specimen,  No.  12925. 

2.  STENOPAMEIIA  gen.  nov.  (ortyn?,  Pamera,  nom.  gen.). 

A  genus  of  Myodocliaria  in  which  the  anterior  lobe  is  not  only  several 
times  longer  than  the  posttn-ior,  but  which  by  its  l)ullate  form  is  even  wider 
tlian  it,  the  posterior  lolje  being  reduced  to  a  mere  nai-row  belt.  'I'lie  whole 
insect  is  of  compact  oval  form,  less  than  tlniM'  finu's  longer  than  l»road.  In 
the  last  respect  it  reminds  one  of  Trapezns,  but  in  its  principal  features  it 
seems  to  be  most  nearly  allied  to  Pamera.  The  antennae  are  scarcely  longer 
than  th.'  extreinv  width  uf  the  Uody  and  .-;curi:oly  have  the  apical  joint 
A'or,  XI 11 1;.") 


386 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


incrassaterl ;  the  first  joint  scarcely  surpissos  the  head,  the  second  is  the 
longest,  and  the  others  successively  shorter. 

Two  species  may  be  separated  among  the  fossils  found  at  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  tpeciei  of  Sli'iiopamtra, 

Cnrlnm  of  hpravlrtra  dark  with  pi\\h\  Hubcnst:il  stroak  and  niudiau  patch 1.  .S.  Hnebrom. 

Coriuiu  of  kemely tra  pale  vrith  darkuueil  uiarjjiual  stripe t.  S.  tubtema. 

1.  Stenopamera  TENEBROSA. 

PI.  23,  Figs.  Ki,  24. 

Head  rounded  subtriangular,  of  about  equal  length  and'  breadth,  less 
than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax  at  its  greatest ;  antennae  about  as  long  as 
head  and  thorax  combined.  Thorax  with  the  sides  strongly  convex  and 
almost  angulate  in  the  middle,  in  front  of  which  it  narrows  rapidly,  the 
truncate  anterior  margin  shorter  than  the  length  of  the  thorax  ar.d  hardly 
more  than  half  it^  greatest  breadth  ;  surface  nearly  smooth,  transversely  and 
finely  pectinate.  Honielytra  with  the  coriuni  reaching  rather  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  abdomen,  very  dark,  but  not  so  dark  as  the  thorax,  with  a 
distinctly  and  sharply  pallid  sufura  clavi  and  pallid  stre.aks,  especially  in 
the  subcostal  region  and  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  membranal  margin,  but 
also  often  extending  from  the  base  outward  along  the  costal  margin. 

Length,  3.55"™;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.45""". 

Florissant.  Nine  specimens,  Nos.  1448,  4597,  5736,  <i217,  6373,  7397, 
7675,  11301,  12446. 

2.  Stenopamera  subterrea. 

VI.  23,  Fig.  7. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding  in  no  conspicuous  feature  and 
agrees  with  it  in  size.  The'troiit  margin  of  the  thorax  appears,  however, 
to  be  a  little  and  roundly  eniarginate  and  the  sides  slightly  less  prominent. 
The  hemelytra  are  pallid  with  a  pale  testaceous  thickening  of  the  costal  mar- 
gin of  the  corium  and  a  faint  line  of  puneti  ition  along  the  principal  veins. 

Length,  3.25™"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1    ""'. 

Florissant.     Tlin^e  specimens.  Nos.  4H87,  614<>fl,  7473. 


1 


I 


HEMII'TEHA— HETBROPTBKA— LYG.-KID.Ii;. 


387 


3.  CATOPAMEliA  gen.  iiov.  (xdrco,  Pamera,  nom.  gen.). 

Head  subtriangular,  roundly  angulated  in  front,  slightly  broader  than 
long,  with  the  eyes  as  broad  as  the  apex  of  the  thorax ;  eyes  situated  a*  the 
base,  small,  globular  ;  antenna;  slender,  no  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax 
together ;  beyond  the  basal  joint  (which  just  surpasses  the  head)  of  almost 
exactly  uniform  width,  the  joints  of  very  nearly  equal  length,  each  from 
four-Hfths  to  five-sixths  the  lengrii  of  the  preceding.  'IMiorax  about  half  as 
broad  again  as  long,  considji-ably  longer  than  the  head,  tapering  from  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  anierior  lobe  forward,  the  sides  ampliated,  base  trun- 
cate, apex  more  or  less  but  broadly  emarginate.  Legs  moderately  stout, 
the  middle  femora  not  more  than  two-thirds  the  width  of  the  body  at  their 
insertion.     Abdomen  very  full,  well  rounded. 

Two  species  occur  in  the  Florissant  shales. 

Tabtv  of  the  »peoies  of  Catopameru. 

C'orium  of  heinolytra  loacUing  the  middle  of  tUe  apical  half  of  the  abdomen 1.  C.  tiugheyi, 

CoTinm  of  hemelytra  reaching  scarcely  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen 2.  C.  bradUyi. 

1.    CaTOPAMERA    AlJGHEYl. 
PI,  27,  Fig.  7. 

Whole  body  of  a  nearly  uniform  dark  color ;  the  antennae  a  little 
paler.  Head  smooth  or  finely  corrugated  transversely.  Thorax  faintly 
punctate.  Hemelytra  just  surpassing  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen,  the 
corium  reaching  the  middle  of  its  apical  half,  fusco-fuliginous,  sparsely  but 
distinctly  punctate,  the  punctai  showing  a  tendency  to  a  linear  arrange- 
ment along  the  veins  ;  membrane  clear.  Abdomen  with  the  sides  slightly 
paler  than  the  middle. 

Length  of  body,  5""";  antenna,  2.15""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.55""" ; 
abdomen,  2.05""™. 

Named  in  honor  of  Samuel  Aughey,  geologist  of  the  Hayden  Survey. 
P^'lorissaut.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  17 Hi,  2042,  9590,  12033. 

2.  Catopamera  brakleyi. 
PI.  26,  Fig.  12. 

Whole  body  blackish  brown,  excepting  the  hemelytra.  Antennje 
rather  stouter  than  in  the  preceding  species  and  as  dark  as  the  body.  Head 
uniform,  pmootli.     Tlionix  very  finc^ly,  faintly,  and  di.stantly  punctate;  the 


388 


TERTIARY  IN8B0T8  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


scutellum  more  coarsely.  Hemelytra  reaching  just  about  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  the  corium  not  beyond  its  middle,  testaceous,  rather  finel}'  and 
very  distantly  and  evenly  punctate,  the  punctfu  showing  no  disposition  to 
longitudinal  arrangement ;  membrane  faintly  infumated.  Sides  of  abdo- 
men ns  dark  as  the  disk. 

Length  of  body,  not  including  the  terminal  extension  of  the  abdomen, 
4.65°"";  antennae,  1.65""";  breadth  of  body,  1.25'"™;  abdomen,  1.75"'"'. 

Dedicated  to  Mr.  Frank  H.  Bradley,  geologist  of  the  Ilayden  Survey. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  14236. 

4.  PHRUDOPAMERA  gen.  nov.  {gtpovSo?,  Pamera,  nom.  gen.). 

Head  rounded,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  rather  broader  than 
the  apex  of  the  thorax,  more  or  less  produced  in  front  of  the  antennte;  eyes 
situated  at  the  outermost  limits  of  the  head,  a  little  in  advance  of  the  base, 
of  moderate  size,  subglobular ;  antennre  as  long  as  tlie  head,  thorax,  and 
scutellum  together,  the  basal  joint  barelv  or  not  surpassing  the  front  of  tlie 
head,  the  three  succeeding  joints  subequal,  tlie  last  incrassatod  so  as  to  be 
half  as  broad  again  as  the  middle  of  the  second  joint.  Thorax  scarcely' 
longer  than  tho  head,  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  tapering  forward  from 
the  posterior  limit  of  the  anterior  lobe,  the  sides  ampliated  ;  posterior  mar- 
gin truncate  or  slightly  convex,  tlie  anterior  margin  similarly  concave. 
Legs  moderately  stout,  the  middle  femora  not  more  than  two-thirds  the 
width  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  Abdomen  moderately  full,  well 
rounded. 

Two  species  occur  in  the  shales  of  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  Hjivcieii  of  Vhrudopamrra. 

Front  of  head  distinctly  ungiilitte 1.  /'.  n-iUoni. 

Front  of  head  liromllr  roiindvdor  guhtrnncate ^ 'i.  P.  chiltendeni. 

m 

1.    PllRUUOPAMKHA    WILSONI. 

PK  27,  Figs.  9,  16. 

Head  smooth,  the  front  roctanguhite  in  advanc<'  of  the  antenna' ; 
iintennae  of  uniform  color.  Thorax  finely  and  evenh*  granulate  ;  hemelytra 
rather  heavily  punctured  in  definite  longitudinal  lines  following  the  course 
of  the  veins;  these  infuscated  but  the  rest  of  the  iu  melyfra  scarcely  infus- 
ciited  ;   membrane  clear.     Abdomen  oval,  somewliat  elongated. 


HKMIPTBKA— H1<:tKROPTERA-LYG.^ID;E. 


389 


. 


Length  of  body,  5,45"™;  anteniu-e,  2.5^-^;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.46™-; 
abdomen,  2""°. 

This  species  is  named  for  Mr.  A.  D.  Wilson,  the  accomplished  topog- 
rapher of  tlie  Hayden  Survey. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6931,  13315. 

2.  Phkudopameka  ohittendeni. 
PI.  26,  Figs.  7,  9. 

Head  smooth  or  very  finely  and  transversely  corrugate,  the  front  pro- 
jecting forward  between  the  antennae,  but  subtruncate  or  broadly  rounded ; 
antennse  witli  the  1  •  isal  and  apical  joints  darker  than  the  rest.  Thorax  rather 
faintly  and  somewhat  distinctly  punctate,  as  well  as  transversely  corrugated, 
especially  in  the  middle.  Hemelytra  rather  coarsely  punctate  in  longitud- 
inal lines,  following  the  course  of  the  veins,  more  or  less  infuscated ;  the 
membrane  slightly  infumated.     Abdomen  broad  and  very  well  rounded. 

Length  of  body,  5.25""";  antennaj,  2.5'"»';  breadth  of  thorax,  LeS"™; 
abdomen,  2.25"'"'. 

The  name  is  given  in  honor  of  Mr.  G.  B.  Chittenden,  topographer  of 
the  Hayden  Survey,  engaged  during  its  exploration  of  Colorado. 
Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  7037,  11229,  11232. 

5.  CHOLULA  Distant. 

A  single  species,  represented  by  a  single,  imperfect,  headless  specimen 
from  Groon  River,  Wyoming,  is  referred  here  from  its  near  resemblance  to 
one  of  the  species  described  by  Distant.  It  differs,  however,  in  several 
points :  the  basal  margin  of  the  thorax  is  hardly  concave  at  the  base  of 
the  scutellum,  but  straight,  while  elsewhere  it  is  convex;  there  is  but  the 
faintest  sign  of  any  carination  of  tlie  scutellum,  and  I  can  not  see  that 
either  corium  or  clavus  is  punctured. 

Cholula  triquttata. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  21. 

Body  slender  with  parallel  sides,  fully  three  times  longer  than  broad. 
[Head  wanting  ]  Thorax  rounded  subquadrate,  broader  than  long,  the  ante- 
rior a  little  shorter  tlian  the  posterior  lobe,  and  distinctly  separated  from  it 


:)90 


TEHIIAUY  IN8RCTS  OF  NOHTH   AMKUIOA. 


hj'  n  transverae  constriction,  noticeable  particularly  by  the  deep  lateral 
notch ;  anterior  lobe  rapidly  narrowing  with  strongly  oblique  convex  sides, 
two  and  a  half  times  broader  than  long,  the  surface  apparently  smooth, 
light  colored,  with  broad,  marginal,  dark  bands,  a  faint  dusky  median  stripe 
fading  posteriorly,  and  three  dark  round  spots,  one  in  the  middle  of  each  lat- 
eral half  posteriorly  and  one  in  the  middle 'of  the  posterior  margin,  overlap- 
ping the  posterior  lobe ;  this  last  is  l)roader  than  the  anterior,  with  strongly 
convex  sides,  and  is  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  its  jiostcrior  lateral  angles 
not  rounded ;  the  posterior  margin  is  transverse  outwardly  and  next  the 
base  of  the  scutellum,  a  little  oblicpio  between ;  the  surface  is  dark  poste- 
riorly, lighter  anteriorly,  the  whole  rather  coarsely  and  faintly  punctate. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  clear  and  smooth,  with  distinct  and  straiglit  subcostal 
vein  and  fuliginous  outer  angle  (the  other  dark  spots  on  the  surface  of  the 
corium  in  the  plate  belong  to  the  middle  and  hind  feiuorji ) ;  membrane 
clear. 

Length  (without  head),  4..''»""";  probable  complete  length,  5"°':  breadth 
of  thorax,  1.7""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen',  No.  113  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

a.  LrrHOCORIS  gen.  nov.  (\i'6o?,  «<>/?). 

Head  large,  subrotund,  slightly  broader  than  long,  with  moderately 
large  eyes,  which  are  situated  just  behind  the  middle  of  the  head,  at  its 
greatest  lateral  expansion  as  broad  as  the  middle  of  the  thorax ;  front 
rounded,  angulate  in  advance  of  the  base  of  the  antenna* ;  antenna*  more 
than  half  as  long  a  .  the  body,  the  basal  joint  pretty  stout,  surpassing  a  little 
the  front  of  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  sube(jual,  the  second  the  shortest, 
all  very  slender,  but  the  last  slightly  iiicrassated  to  about  the  width  of  the 
basal  joint.  Thorax  .slightlj-  longer  than  broad,  divided  into  anterior  and 
poatenor  lobes  of  equal  length,  both  tapering  from  base  to  apex,  the  ante- 
rior more  rapidly  than  the  posterioi-  and  with  perfectly  straight  oblique 
sides;  the  base  fully  twice  as  broiid  as  the  apex.  Legs  moderately  slen- 
der, the  middle  femora  fully  three-foimlis  the  width  of  the  body  at  their 
insertion.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  the  nnddle  of  the  apical  half  of 
the  abdomen,  which  is  full,  laterally  ampliated,  half  as  broad  again  as  the 
base  of  the  thorax. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


■ 


HEMIPTEBA— llETBKOPTEBA— LYGiEIDJi. 


391 


LiTHOCORIS   EVTJLStJS. 

The  single  specimen  known  is  rather  faintly  preserved  upon  the  stone, 
but  otherwise  is  in  excellent  condition.  The  head  and  thorax  are  dusky, 
the  abdomen  paler ;  the  antennae  and  legs  are  also  pale  obscure.  Head 
rather  densely  and  not  very  finely  punctate.  Thorax  more  coarsely  and 
more  distantly  punctate,  as  is  also  the  scutellum.  Hemelytra  with  similar 
coarse  punctje  arranged  along  the  veins ;  membrane  cloudy. 

Length  of  body,  e.S"™;  antennae,  4""°;  hind  femora,  2.2°"°;  tibise, 
3.2°'°';  tarsi,  1.5°"°;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.2™°';  abdomen,  2.*°'°'. 

Florisiant.    One  specimen,  No.  4890. 


7.  COPHOCORIS  gen.  nov.  («a)<pd?,  Mopti). 

Head  rounded,  a  little  broader  than  long,  a  little  broader  than  the 
apex  of  the  thorax  but  not  nearly  so  broad  as  its  middle ;  front  roundly 
produced,  almost  angulate ;  antenna;  only  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the 
basal  joints  just  surpassing  the  front  of  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  slen- 
der, subequal,  the  last  faintly  incrassated.  Thorax  at  least  one-fourth 
broader  than  long,  divided  into  anterior  and  posterior  lobes  of  equal  length, 
tlie  posterior  lobe  with  straight  and  nearly  parallel  sides,  the  anterior  taper- 
ing forward,  the  sides  oblique  and  straight.  Legs  apparently  much  as  in 
the  preceding  genus,  but  perhaps  slightly  shorter.  Abdomen  well  rounded, 
hardly  ampliated  laterally. 

A  single  species  occurs  at  Florissant. 

COPHOCORIS   TENEBRIC0.«U8. 

Whole  body  almost  uniformly  dark,  the  abdomen,  antenna;,  and  legs 
much  lighter.  Head  minutely  punctate.  Tliorax  distantly  and  rather 
coarsely  punctate;  scutellum  the  same.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  a 
little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  infuscated,  the  veins  finely  punc- 
tate ;  membrane  clear. 

Length  of  body,  S"";  antennae,  2.4°'°';  breadth  of  thorax,  l.G""*; 
abdomen,  2°'°'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  9742. 


!i 


3U2 


TKKTIAKV  INai;CTS  OF  NOKTU  AMKIUCA. 


H.  KUCOUrrES  gm.  lu.v.  (ev,  Hopii). 


Head  woll  rounded,  witli  a  slightly  triangular  form,  tlio  apex  for- 
ward, of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  slightly  broader  than  the  apex  of 
the  thorax;  the  front  gently  and  roundly  produced  in  front  of  tint  antenna'; 
eyes  situated  in  advance  of  the  middle,  transverse,  reniform  ;  antenna* 
slightly  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  together,  the  basal  joint  moder- 
ately stout,  just  surpassing  the  front  of  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  sub- 
eqtial,  the  second  slightly  longer  than  the  others,  slender  and  equal,  the 
third  slightly  shorter  than  the  terminal,  scarcely  and  gently  enlarging  in 
the  a])ical  half,  the  fourth  iiuM-assated  so  as  to  be  almost  throughout  half  as 
broad  again  as  the  middle  of  the  second  joint.  Anterior  lobe  of  the  thorax 
trapezoidal,  more  than  twice  as  brojid  as  long,  tapering  rogulai-ly  frcnn  base 
to  apex,  with  oblique  sides,  botli  base  and  apex  truncate :  ])osterior  lobe  of 
unusual  form,  being  twice  as  broad  in  the  middle  as  at  tiie  sides,  the  i)os- 
terior  margin  being  strongly,  broadly  angulate,  with  rounded  apex,  simu- 
lating a  broad  and  short  scutellum.  Middle  femora  unwh  shorter  than  the 
breadth  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  ('Oriiitii  of  hemelytra  reaching 
the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen.  Alxhtmen  moderately  long 
ovate. 

One  species  only  is  known. 

EUCORITES    .SEKESCENS. 

Whole  body  black,  the  antenna'  with  the  basal  joint  black,  the  apical 
joint  and  apical  third  of  the  penultimate  joint  blackish  fuscous,  the  remain- 
der testaceous.  Head  and  thorax  unifurmly,  coarsely,  and  rather  distantly 
punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  coarsely  punctate,  mostly  in  longitudinal 
lines  following  the  course  of  the  vein.s,  the  puncta'  infuscated  and  the 
whole  corium  more  or  less  infuscated.  but  ffenerallv  of  a  li^jht  color :  mem- 
brane  faintly  infuniated,  reaching  just  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  .')""':  antenna'.  2.(1""'";  breadth  of  thorax  at  the  base, 
•2.25°"";  abdomen,  2.o""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  XfiO. 

9.  PROCOKIS  gen.  n<»v.  (7rp<\  ju'pn). 

Head  rounded,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  with  the  eyes  a  little  but 
distinctly  bro.uler  than  the  apex  of  the  tln-ijis,  tin-  front  rounded,  angulate 


IIKMin'KUA-HhyrKmU'TKKA-I-YO.KID.i:. 


393 


in  advance  of  the  untennii' ;  eyeH  moderately  large,  s'tuated  ju8t  in  advance 
of  the  base;  antennae  as  long  a»  the  head  and  thorax  together,  the  baHal 
Joint  clearly  surpassiiig  the  front,  tin;  suhsccini'nt  joints  .subeqnal,  the 
Hecond  not  longer  than  the  others,  slender,  the  fourth  incrassiitu  throu'di- 
ont,  but  largest  hi  the  middle,  where  it  is  twice  as  broad  as  the  middle  of 
the  second  joint.  Thoiax  longer  than  broad,  the  posterior  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  anterior  lobe,  of  equal  length  throughout,  with  straight 
and  parallel  sides,  the  anterior  lobe  tapering  from  base  to  apex  with  oblique 
straight  sides;  posterior  margii  of  the  thorax  truncate,  anterior  scarcely 
emarginate.  Legs  nu)derately  stout,  middle  fejnora  not  more  than  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  Corium  of 
henielytra  reaching  nearly  or  cpiite  to  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the 
abdomen.     Abdomen  broad  ovate. 

'iVo  species  are  known,  both  of  which  occur  only  at  Florissant. 

7Vi6(c  of  Ihe  npccies  of  Proeoria. 

Third  joint  of  antennii'  of  nearly  f(|iial  wiUtli  tliroiighnnt ;  foinora  rulutively  slomler. 

...                                                                                                                            \.  P.  nancUeJohannis. 
Ihird  joint ot  aDtnnnai  considerably  enlarged  apically;  femora  riilativoly  ntont '2.  / .  herhleri. 

1.    I'UOCOKIS    8ANC1VKJOHANN18. 

Whole  body  uniform  bhlck  or  blackish  fuscous;  antenna'  of  the 
same  color  as  the  head  or  perhaps  not  so  dark,  but  in  any  case  nuuih  infus- 
cated,  th'-  third  joint  of  nearly  equal  width  throughout,  scarcely  enlarged  at 
the  apex.  Head  smooth  or  perhaps  faintly  and  very  finely  punctate. 
Thorax  and  scutellum  coarsely  and  rather  distantly  punctate,  the  puncta- 
on  the  henielytra  arranged  linearly  along  the  course  of  the  veins.  Femora 
only  moderately  stout,  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  *Abdoinen  rather 
full,  with  ampliatcd  sides. 

Length,  6.1""";  anteinnc,  2.25""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.85"'"';  abdomen, 
2.5""". 

The  name  of  the  species  is  given  in  honor  of  Mr.  Orestes  St.  Jolin, 
geologist  of  the  TTavden  Survey,  a  pioneer  of  niiu-h  work  in  the  We.st. 
Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  3556,  4X08,  7088,  10560. 

2.  Procoris  bechleri. 
PI.  'il,  Fig.  4. 

Head  faintly  and  rather  coarsely  punctate,  and,  like  the  whole  body, 
black  or  blackish  brown,  the  antenna>  a  little  lighter  colored,  the  third  joint 


:i94 


TKHTlAltY   IN8K(Vrrt  OF  NORTH   AMHRICA. 


I 

'■  E   i 
I.  1 


' 


(mliii'pfiii;,''  rojjiilarly  from  hiiHn  to  apox,  whore  it  is  lujiirly  twic^o  iih  larjfo  iik 
.It  till'  base.  Thorax  vi-ry  coarHoly  and  not  vory  dirttanily  punctate,  as  it< 
also  the  ncuttdhnn.  Hoinolytra  fusco-fuligir.oiiN,  coarHely  punctato  in  Horial 
rowH  alonpf  tho  oourHc  of  the  voinH.  Th'j  femora  ratlier  Htout,  the  middle 
pair  heinj;  but  little  more  than  twice  as  lonjf  as  broad.  Abdomen  with  the 
Hides  scarcely  ampliated,  and  a  ])r<fmargknal  pallid  line. 

Lengtii,  6.15""";  anteium'.  2.25"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  1.85'"™ ;  middle 
of  abdomen,  2.16"'"'. 

Named  for  Mr.  (i.  \i.  Mochli^r,  topographer  of  the  Jlayden  Survey 
during  it.s  work  in  (.'olorado  and  elsewhere. 

Flon'ssant.     One  specimen,  No.  lUbili, 

10.  CTKUKAOORTS  gen.  nov.  {nripea,  Wptf). 

Head  broader  than  long,  rounded  subtriangular,  with  the  moderately 
large  eyes  l)roader  than  the  apex  of  the  ])rotliorax  ;  the  front  prominent  and 
rounded :  antenna'  considerably  shorter  thati  the  head  and  thorax  together, 
the  basal  joint  stout,  stn-passing  the  front  of  the  head,  tho  second  and  third 
joints  abont  (Mpial  in  length,  slender,  less  than  half  the  width  of  the  basal 
joint,  the  apical  joint  slightly  the  longest,  incra.ssate  to  the  stoutness  of  the 
basal  joint.  Thorax  more  than  twice  as  l)road  as  the  head,  the  posterior 
decidedly  shorter  than  the  anterior  lol)e,  with  straight  and  parallel  sides 
and  truncate  anterior  and  ])Osterior  margins :  the  anterior  lobe  tapering 
rapidly  with  straight  oblique  sides,  the  anterior  margin  gently  emarginate, 
the  whole  nearly  three  times  as  broad  as  long.  Middle  femora  very  much 
shorter  than  the, breadth  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  Corium  of  herae- 
lytra  barely  surpassing  the  middle  of  tlie  abdomen.  Abdomen  broa(J  and 
rounded. 

A  single  species  is  known, 

Ctereacoris  primioenus. 

Head,  thorax,  scutelluni.  and  corium  of  hemelytr.i  black,  antenna; 
blackish  fuscous,  abdomen  dark  fusco-fuliginous.  Head  smooth,  the 
antenuiv,  es]»ecially  the  apical  joint,  a  little  roughened.  Thorax  and  scu- 
telluni coarsely  punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  the  same,  the  punctsp  fol- 
lowing mostly  the  course  of  the  veins ;  membrane  clear.  Abdomen 
ol)scurelv  and  cf)ar.sely  punctate. 


1 


IIKMII'TKKA-IIKTKIMH'TKRA— l,V<i.Klli.«. 


395 


Fionjfth,  5""";  uiitoiiiiiu,  1.75""";  hrendtli  of  Iioiul,  .9.V""' ;  base  of  tlio- 
nix,  2.15"'"';  iibdomou,  2.75""". 

Flori.HKniit.     ( )ii<'  Hpeciinoii,  No.  2022. 


II.  TRAPEZONOTITS  Fieher. 

This  goniw,  abundantly  reprcHented  in  Europe,  rutlior  feebly  in  Anier- 
u'fi,  where  it  is  found  in  tlie  United  Statew,  and  at  higli  elevations  in  Cen- 
tral America,  Heenis  to  have  lived  at  FlorisHant,  a  couplo  of  apecieH,  one  of 
them  tolerably  common  being  found  there ;  yet  they  cortaiidy  difl'or  from 
modern  types  in  the  brevity  of  the  antenuH-  and  bluntnoHS  of  the  head, 
and  are  considerably  slenderer  than  any  American  species  known  to  nie. 
They  may  be  placed  here  at  least  provisionally. 

Tiihle  u/  the  HpeHt'  uj'  I'rupeiOHOtiiii. 

.Smaller  MiM^oieo.  lai.lly  oxcflodiiig  tliiuo  inilliiiiutera  in  length ;  tliomx  with  no  iiioUian  giilrntioii  j  tontal 
margin  of  ooriiim  dark 1,7.  .nemimtm. 

Larger  specioH,  consMerahly  excoH<liiig  lour  millimeters  in  length;  thorax  with  median  .inlcation; 
I'cwtiil  nntrgin  of  corinm  light x.  uli/iiinliii. 

1.    TrAPEZONOTITS    KXTKRMINATITS. 
PI.  22,  Kip.  1»;   IM.  2;{,  Fips.  II,  22.  2.5. 

Head  triangular,  rounded,  slightly  broadtM-  than  long,  the  angulate 
front  rounded ;  antoniue  slender,  subequal,  a  little  longer  than  head  and 
thorax  together,  the  first  joint  barely  surpassiug  the  front  of  the  head,  the 
.second  joint  longest,  the  .succeeding  joint.s  sufccssively  shorter.  Thorax 
with  convex  sides,  the  anterior  about  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  poste- 
rior border,  the  former  slightlj'  coru^ave,  the  latter  as  slightly  convex,  the 
surface  faintly  punctate,  thougli  this  does  not  appear  on  all  individuals 
Ifemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  strongly 
infuscnted  with  pallid  markings,  consisting  of  a  broad,  })ale  subcostal  stripti 
which  does  not  reach  the  membrannl  suture,  and  a  niediau  trianguhir  jiatch 
seated  on  the  same  suture,  besides  which  a  pale,  slender  stripe  follows  tlm 
sutura  clavi.     Abdomen  full  and  rounded. 

Length  of  body,  3.1""";  breadth,  1.2'"'";  length  of  antenna^  1.4'""'. 

Plorissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  5801,  6366,  6550,  7609,  9674, 
11757,  12060,  1245}!. 


.•jyC,  TKkTiAKY   INHKCTH  Ol"  N'OUTII   AMKHIUA. 

2.  Trapk/.onothh  stvcuamh. 
PI.  27,  FiR.  II. 

Iloiid  roiiDiIly  tri)iii<(iiliir,  its  .nidus  uontiiuiiii^  tlio  coui-riu  of  tlio  obliipie 
sidert  of  tlio  tliomx,  ii  littlo  iirotidor  tliaii  loi%  tliu  front  wull  roiiiidod; 
antonniit  sltMidur  und  oqutil,  liurdlyHo  loii^  hh  tho  lioiid  iitid  thorax  to^utliur, 
tlio  tifrtt  joint  not  siir|iassiiij^  tho  hoad.  Thorax  traiinvorrto,  luoro  than  half 
as  broad  a^aiii  as  lon<r,  hroadost  in  tho  iiiiddlu  of  tliu  postorior  half,  tho 
Hides  stroii;^ly  romidod,  ta|)(3riii;^-  forward  so  that  tho  anterior  mar^^in  Is  only 
two-thirds  as  loiijf  as  tho  wliolo  width  of  tho  thorax,  tho  front  margin 
slij^htly  and  ronndly  eniaryiiiato,  tho  hind  border  gently  convex.  Hemo- 
lytra  just  reai'hinjf  tho  (Mid  of  tho  abdomen,  tho  coriiiin  cxteiidinjf  hardl}' 
past  the  iniddlo  of  tho  same,  this  latter  rather  palo  testaceon.s,  with  tho 
whole  costal  re<ifioii  |iall!d,  besides  loiijritndinal  pallid  streaks  toward  tho 
siitnra  cliivi  :   iiieinlirjino  clear.     Alidomen  full  and  ronnded. - 

LeM;,ftli  of  l>ody,   I..;""";  breadth,  1..S""";  lonjfth  of  anteniue,  l.o""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  9802. 


12.   LINN.EA  gen.  nov.  (Linnc). 

A  gemis  of  Itliyparocln'oiuiiria  closoly  alliod  to  (Jronatas  Distant,  but 
from  which  it  is  rea<lily  distiiij^iiished  by  the  smaller  head  and  shortor 
antenna',  tlie  first  joint  of  which  barely  surpasses  the  head.  The  head  is 
not  more,  often  loss,  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  nearly  as  long  as 
broad,  and  scarcely  anj^'iilated  in  front;  the  anteniiie  are  oidy  as  long  aH 
the  head  and  thorax  together,  the  second  joint  the  longest,  scarcely  increas- 
ing ii.  si/.e  apically,  the  thinl  and  fourth  successively  though  but  slightly 
shorter,  the  third  siiapcd  like  the  second,  tho  fourth  not  incrassated,  all 
smooth.  Thorax  very  broad,  bro  idest  posteriorly,  the  sides  full.  Hemo- 
lytra  just  surpassing  tli«»  abdoiucu,  the  irorium  occuipying  about  three-fifths 
of  the  who         l^egs,  and  especially  the  fore  femora,  stout. 

IVoba  My  the  use  of  Linuiea  in  botany  has  preventeil  its  use  in 
zoology,  but  tho  time  is  long  past  when  such  restrictions  have  any  value. 
There  is  no  conceivable  wav  in  which  tho  use  of  tho  same  term  for  a  iving 
.VIpine  flower  and  a  Tertiary  bug  can  cause  confusion  or  be  inconvenient. 

Several  species  occur  in  the  North  American  Tertiaries,  but  only  at 
Klori.ssiint :    while!   l)ut    for  their  much  lontrer  auttmuie  and   slighter  foro 


IIKMIPTKUA— IIKTKUUI'TKUA-LVO.KIIJ.K.  JW 

rciMoni  r  Hiioiild  1)0  iiiulineil  to  pliicu  lioro  two  ot'  tlio  foHhil  H|)(>«-ii>H  thiiinl  at 
Aix  ill  I'roveiK'o  (Oli^rocoiiu)  uikI  liorotof'on' iffoiTcd  to  I'acliyiuuriiH,  \  i/, 
I'  tuHi-iiitiiH  Ueor  iitul  I*.  piilcliulliiH  lluur,  wliicli  iiiiicli  ruHiMiihln  oui' tii'Ht  two 
H|it'ciurt. 

Tahlf  III'  lh»  Hjin'itt  »/  l.iuiiiiii. 

MniiiWntiio  III'  tlii<  lii<iii»l,vtrii  dlHtliiotly  iiiuikril  with  liroiul,  iirnint*,  lnii)|ltiiiliiinl  *tri|iON. 

Til  iritx  very  i'ii|il(lly  iiiti'i'ii\vlii)(  ill  lliii  iinlrrlni'  ruiirtli 1,   /..  hnliuimi 

Tliorux  lurruwiii);  only  it  llttlti  hi  tlii^  iiiitorlui'  fuiirtli 'i,  A.  pHlnaml. 

Miwiiltriiiiii  III'  tliii  liHinrlytriMiluitr. 
('i>riiiiii  iiioKtIy  iiliNfliirit. 

Antni'lui-  iiiitt'i'  ikiiffliiH  III'  tliii  tbiiritx  no  rouiiilvil  tliat  lliu curve  ul' the  iiulei'lur  hull'iil'  tli**  thorax 

Ih  uliiinHt.  iinironn  il.  /..  abnlila. 

Aiittirlor  iiiititr  niii(l<m  iliNtrli.i't  tllOll^ll  ruiiniluil... 4.  A.  farueriilii . 

Corliiiii  inoHlly  eUnr. 

CimUI  initrKiii  illHtlimtly  tli'iiijfli  riitlitir  iiiirrnwly  limtiirfoiix;  ii'sl  nr»(iriiiiii  I'Inur  .Ti,  /,.  iroliilii. 

Ill  aililitloii  to  tliii  tlilok*Miliit(  III'  tlin  riiNlid  niiu'Kio,  ti'itluriiiiiiH  lilotcliim  frliiKii  tlii<  iii«iiiliriitiiil 

itiiliiro  unit  murk  tlin  iiiitur  tip  of  the  ruriiiiii it,  L.  gravliln. 

1.    lilNN/ICA    I10LMK8II. 

PI.   23,    KlR.    10. 

Iloud  slijxhtly  l)ro!ul(3r  tlum  lonjf,  well  roiiiided,  tliofVoiit  entirely  without 
tuiyiilutioii.  Tlionix  halt' as  l>i'oad  aj^aiu  its  lou^-,  tlio  wiiles  stroiif^ly  iircuato, 
tho  aiitorior  iii;tr;i{'iii  only  about  halt"  as  loii};'  as  tlio  posterior  (in  which  point 
it  is  wroiiyly  represented  on  tho  plate),  which  is  sli;;litly  einar<>'inate  at  the 
base  of  tho  sciitelliiin,  thi'  surface  smooth.  Heinelytra  with  tlie  coriuni 
very  dark  testaceous,  deepeniii}^  apically,  with  n  pallid  sutnra  davi,  and  a 
subcostal  streak,  besides  a  small  triaiif^ular  spot  on  tho  membranal  suture 
just  without  tlio  sutiira  davi ;  menil)rane  with  four  pale  testaceous,  equidis- 
tant, slij^htly  arcuate,  lonj^itudinal  streaks,  the  outer  occupyin<>,  respectively, 
tho  costal  and  inner  inar^^'iiis,  originating^'  at  a  little  space  beyond  tho  mem- 
branal suture  and  runninjr  to  the  outer  margin,  the  interspaces  perfectly 
clear, 

l^ength  of  body,  ;5.;$,")""" :  breadth.  1.1")""";  leiioth  of  antenna',  1.4""". 

Named  for  Mr.  W.  II.  Holmes,  geologist,  archeologist,  and  artist  of  the 
Ilayden  Survey. 

Florissant.     One  Hpecimen,  No.  "2.320. 

2.    LlNN.KA.I'lITNAMI. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  4 

This  species  closely  resembles  the  preceding  in  general  appearance, 
hut  dltfers  from  it  in  iiuiwrtant  details  in  those  parts  which  can  be  com- 


H 


•■It 


398 


TBRTIAKY  INSKt'TS  OF  NORTH  AMF.RICA. 


pared.  Unfortunately  tlit^  head  i»  not  well  preserved  and  the  thorax  is 
defective,  but  the  latter  can  be  seen  to  be  nearly  as  broad  in  front  as 
behind,  with  decided  thoiijfh  rounded  an<cles  in  front  and  with  a  faintly 
punctate  surface.  It  is  of  a  very  dark  color  ;  the  coriuui,  which  is  scarcely 
less  dark  than  the  bod}-,  shows  onh'  a  slender  pallid  line  at  the  sutiu-a  clavi 
and  along-  the  principal  vein,  which  passes  down  the  middle  and  forks  in 
the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  coriuMi,  much  fainter  after  forking.  'I'he 
membrane  is  marked  as  in  L.  holmosii,  but  the  stripe  on  the  inner  margin 
is  very  faint. 

Length  of  body,  .{.35'""' :  breadth,  1.25""". 

Named  for  my  fellow  student  in  science,  Prof  F.  W.  Putnam,  of 
I'anibridge. 

Floris.sant.     Oiu' specimen.  No.  5S7H. 

.».     lilNN.KA    AHOI.irA. 

Head  excepti«mally  small  and  rounded,  not  more  than  a  third  as  broad 
lis  the  thora.K,  the  front  in  no  way  angulate.  Thorax  with  the  posterior 
lobe  distinctl}'  separated  from  the  anterior  and  rather  le.ss  than  half  as  long 
as  it;  anterior  lobe  very  rapidly  Jiarrowing  with  oblique  but  slightly  arcu- 
ate sides,  so  that  the  front  margin  is  scarcely  more  than  a  third  as  wide  as 
the  thorax,  and  the  front  half  of  the  thorax  has  one  nearly  uniform  curve; 
the  posterior  lobe  again  narrows  or  is  slightly  constricted ;  surface  smooth. 
IIemel}tra  with  the  corium  uniforndy  dark  fuliginous.  mend)rane  clear 
Abdomen  very  full  and  rounded. 

Length,  3.75""";  breadth,  L4'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1918. 

4.    LiNN/KA    CARCERATA. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  2. 

Head  .-(mall,  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  almost  as  long  as 
broad,  the  front  well  rounded;  antenna'  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax. 
Thorax  very  liroad,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  sides  very  strongly  rounded 
and  full,  the  anterior  iiardly  shorter  than  the  posterior  margin,  w'th  no  dis- 
tinct separation  into  anterior  and  posterictr  lobes,  the  surface  smooth,  with  a 
slight  median  sulcatiou  'Hemelytra  pale  testaceous,  with  large  and  irreg- 
iii.ir  pallid    Idofclms  coNoriiig  noarlv  half  tlio  cori\iin   but   not   invading  the 


HEMIPTERA— UETEKOPTERA— LYG^EID.E. 


399 


apex;  membrane  clear.     Abdomen  narrower  than  the  thorax,  with  parallel 
sides  and  broadly  ronnded  apex,  and  half  as  lonj--  again  as  broad. 

Length  of  body,  3.55""" :  breadth  of  thorax,  l.'JS""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  5793,  9G92,  12096,  12464. 

5.    LWNiEA    EVOLUTA. 
PI.  23,  Fig.  21. 

Hejid  much  broader  than  long,  the  front  broadly  angled  ;  basal  joint  of 
antennpB  not  surpassing  the  head,  the  last  joint  two-thirds  the  length  of  the 
second  ;  rostrum  reaching  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  fore  coxa>.  Thorax 
transversely  striate,  the  posterior  half  with  parallel  sides,  continuous  with 
the  equally  broad  abdomen,  the  anterior  hnlf  rapidly  narrowing  with 
oblique  arcuate  sides,  so  that  the  anterior  border  is  about  two-thirds  as  long 
as  the  posterior  and  as  long  as  the  length  of  the  thorax.  Hemelytra  with 
the  coriuni  clear,  except  for  a  faint  cloudiness  which  is  a  little  intensified  in 
a  costal  margin,  the  veins  marked  with  serial  punctures;  membrane  clear. 
Abdomen  parallel  sided,  broadly  rounded  apically,  about  half  as  long  again 
as  broad. 

Length,  a.C""" ;   breadth,  1.4'"'". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  5840,  7233. 

G.    LiNN.KA    GRAVIDA. 
PI.  23,  Fig.  1«. 

Ileiid  small,  apparently  rather  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax, 
shorter  than  broad,  the  front  broadly  angled  :  antenna^  with  the  basal  joint 
just  attaining  the  front  of  the  head,  the  whole  scarcely  longer  than  head 
and  thorax.  The  latter  smooth  or  scarcely  j)unctato,  half  as  broad  again 
as  long,  the  sides  well  rounded,  tapering  forward  a  little,  the  outer  anterior 
angles  well  rounded  off,  the  anterior  margin  about  two-thirds  the  length  of 
the  posterior.  Hemelytra  with  a  pale  testaceous  costal  strii)e  on  the  corium 
with  the  membranal  edye  marked  irregularly  with  the  same,  as  well  as  with 
a  stripe  following  the  outer  side  of  the  sutura  clavi  and  another  down  the 
middle  of  the  corium  ;  membrane  clear.  Abdomen  full,  about  half  as  long 
again  as  broad.     This  species  is  sligiitly  larger  than  any  of  the  others. 

Length,  4.5""" ;  breadth,  1.75"'"^. 

Florissant      Four  specimen.^.  Nos  2966,  4994,  10410,  10882. 


4U(» 


IKKTIAKV   INSKCTS  OV  NOIiTII   AMKKICA. 


18.  RIIYPAKOCllROMUS  (Curtis. 

A  single  fossil  was  t'oriDcrly  referred  to  this  genus  by  me,  which  seems 
rather  to  belong  to  the  Acanthiidiv.  Hut  another  from  Florissant  may  more 
rightly  claim  a  place  here,  and  is  the  only  fossil  species  known.  The  genus 
is  now  feebly  represented  in  North  America,  a  single  species  occurring  in 
the  United  Stat(js  and  another  in  (iuatemala,  while  a  number  are  recorded 
from  Europe. 

KhVI-AKOCHKOMUS    VKKlilLUI. 
PI.  2.1,  Figs.  15,  Mi. 

Herd  narrower  than  the  thorax,  bareh'  l)roader  than  long,  rounded 
subtriangular ;  antenna'  just  about  as  long  as  head  and  thorax  together. 
Thorax  subquadrate,  narrowing  gently,  the  truncate  anterior  margin  five- 
sixths  the  length  of  the  posterior,  the  whole  as  long  as  its  anterior  bre.adth, 
the  anterior  lobe  three  times  as  long  as  the  j)osterior,  the  sides  full  and 
rounded,  very  feebly  separated  from  the  jtosterior  lobe,  the  surface  faintly 
punctate,  llemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  the  middle  of  the  hinder 
half  of  the  abdomen,  heavily  infuscated,  but  the  sutura  clavi  always  marked 
bv  a  ])allid  line,  and  sometimes  the  corium  marked  with  pallid  after  the 
style  of  Trajjczonotus  exterminatus  of  the  same  beds. 

Length,  ;}.ry""' ;   breadth,  1.2o""". 

Named  for  the  distinguisiii'd  Yale  zoologist.  I'r  if  A    K.  Verrill. 

Florissant.  Seven  specimen.s,  Nos.  1511,  2027,  2050,  .UdO,  5270, 
!»SS4,  11210. 

14.   I'ACIIVMKKUS  St.  FargeauaiulServille. 

This  group,  as  restricted  by  Stal,  is  compo.sed  whollv  of  Old  World 
forms,  and  is  clo-sely  related  to  Rhyparochromns.  To  it  have  been  referred 
u  considerabh?  nnmltcr  of  fossil  Ilcteroptera,  fifteen  .s))ecies  in  all,'  but  onlv 
two  or  thnM>  of  them  at  the  most  can  bv  any  i)ossibilitv  lie  rejiarded  as 
belonging  to  tlic  g(iiiHs  in  its  now  restricted  foi'ni ;  these  wonld  be,  besides 
the  <»ne  given  l»elou,  ii  single  species  each  at  Aix  and  (,)eningen  and  in 
amber. 


'  In  my  Systn  iii.il  ic  rrv  Imv  <i(  to.vsil  iiiHcil.t  ( Itiill.  1'.  S.  (ilmiI.  Sim  v.,  \ii.  ;ll,  p.  »i:i),  I  li:ivc.s;iiil  .srv- 
fiit<vii,  hT'iii^  Troinjlv  irivpii  ''p'llit   til  Un  liilxij  nil  1  iiiubor  for  <ini!  iium''  Hpevies  iMiIi  tliau  (buy  Lave. 


HEiMlPTERA— HETEROPTERA— LYG^ID^. 


401 


Pachymerus  petkensis. 

ri.  5,  Figs.  70,  71. 
Pachiimerua  petremiH  Scndd..  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  T«rr.,  Ill,  701  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  of  which  most  of  the  right  half  is  destroyed,  repre- 
sents thio  species,  which  is  phiced  here  provisioiiidly,  principal'y  because  it 
appears  to  be  closely  related  to  fossil  species  put  in  this  group  by  Heer. 
It  seems  to  be  a  larva,  and  to  belong  to  the  Myodochina  in  the  vicinity  of 
Eremocoris.  The  outline  of  the  head  is  vague  and  broken,  but  the  front  is 
apparently  bent  at  a  right  angle.  The  antenruc  are  about  half  as  long  as 
the  body,  four-jointed ;  the  basal  joint  ordy  about  half  as  long  again  as 
broad,  the  others  subequal,  very  slightly  smaller  at  the  base  than  at  the 
apex,  but  otherwise  equal,  the  second  a-  very  little  the  longest,  the  last 
pointed  at  the  tip.  Thorax  and  abdomen  of  about  equal  length,  the  former 
equally  broad  throughout  (or  nearly  so)  ;  the  fore  and  middle  femora  short 
and  stout,  about  as  long  as  their  separation  from  each  other.  Abdomen 
expanding  suddenly  at  the  base,  so  that  the  second  segment  is  broadest  and 
apparently  half  as  broad  again  as  the  thorax,  beyond  tapering  rather  rap- 
idly to  a  rounded  tip. 

Length  of  body,  .3'""';  antenna-,  1.5""";  fore  femora,  O.Sr)'""'. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

1.^).  TIROMERUS  gen.  nov.  (re/pGo,  fArjpo?). 

Head  broadly  triangular,  as  broad  as  front  of  thorax,  the  front  angularly 
rouiuled,  the  eye.«  basal ;  anteinuB  much  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body, 
the  fir.st  joint  distinctly  surpassing  tlie  head,  the  second  very  slender  and 
almost  as  long  as  the  third  and  fourth  together,  these  subequal,  the  last 
slightly  incrassated.  Thorax  transverse,  trapezoidal,  tapering  gently,  the 
sides  more  cr  less  but  uot  nuich  ampliated,  with  no  distinct  division  into 
anterior  and  posterior  lobes.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  barely  reaching 
the  n)iddle  of  tlio  abdomen. 

The  genus  appears  to  be  allied  to  Rhyparochromus,  but  the  relative 
length  of  tho  second  joint  of  the  antenuiv  separates  it  from  any  existing 
genus  with  which  it  appears  comparable.  Two  species  are  found  at  Flor- 
issant, which  ma}-  perhaps  be  generically  distinct,  in  which  case  T.  torpefactus 
.should  be  regarded  as  typical. 

Table  of  the  ui>erieii  of  Tiromerim, 

Thorax  much  less  thau  twice  u»  broatl  as  loMg l.  T.  toriiej'actiii. 

Thorax  fully  t«i(^(>  as  broad  as  loug -i,   t.  tahittiiuH. 

VOL   Xltl 26 


I; 


402 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1.    TiROMERUa   T0RPEFACTU8. 


Sides  of  body  nearly  straifrht  and  enlarn^ing  slightly  from  the  head  to 
the  middle  of  the  abdomen  Head  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  front 
roundly  produced  in  front  of  the  eyes,  Antennae  very  slender,  extending, 
if  stretched  along  the  body,  beyond  the  commissura.  Rostrum  extending 
to  the  middle  coxie.  Thorax  flat,  gently  taperin;,',  with  hardly  any  fullness, 
the  length  about  two-thirds  the  breadth,  its  breadth  at  apex  five-sixths  that 
at  base,  the  angles  scarcely  rounded,  the  front  margin  roundly,  regularly, 
and  slightly  emarginate,  the  surface  faintly  wrinkled  transversely,  lleme- 
lytra  with  the  corium  reaching  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  apparently 
almost  clear,  but  for  a  costal  thickening  of  a  testaceous  color. 

Length,  3"'"';  breadth  of  bas'e  of  thorax,  1.3""";  length  of  antennae,  2""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1214. 

2.    TiROMERUS    TABIKLUU8. 

Whole  body  of  a  very  regular  oval  shajie,  the  largest  end  posterior. 
Head  about  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  the  front  angularly  produced  but 
with  the  extreme  front  well  rounded ;  rostrum  reai-hing  at  least  the  fore  - 
<'oxa',  atul  apparently  the  middle  ])air;  only  the  basal  part  of  the  antennae 
preserved.  Tliorax  almost  flat,  distinctly  and  considerably  tapering,  but 
sliort,  with  full  sides,  a  little  more  tiian  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  apex 
about  three-fourths  the  width  of  the  base,  the  front  margin  roundly,  regu- 
larly, and  not  slightly  emarginate,  the  surt'ace  faintly  and  finely  punctate 
Hemelytra  with  the  coriuui  not  extending  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen 
or  hardly  reacliing  it,  tiie  membranal  suture  transversely  oblique,  the  coriuui 
ai)pareiitly  clear. 

Length,  3.2;V""';   l)readth  in  middle  of  body,  Lfi""". 

Flori.ssant.     One  specimen,  No.  2475. 

16.  LITIlOCHlU>MU8  gen.  nov.  {KiOo<,  ZP»>"«). 

Head  moderate,  roundcnl  subtriangular,  of  about  etjual  length  and 
breadth,  tiie  front  distinctly  ungulate,  the  eyes  small  and  gh)bular,  situated 
in  the  middle,  away  fVonj  tlie  base;  anteim.c  nearly  or  (juite  half  as  long  as 
the  body,  thu  last  joint  scarcely  or  not  iucrassatcil ;  the  first  joint  just  or 
banily  surpasses  the  front,  the  second  is  long  and  slender,  and  with  the  first 


l'\ 


HEMIPTERA— HETEKOPTEHA— LYG^ID^E.  403 

equal  or  almost  equal  to  the  last  two  together,  these  subequal.  Thorax 
transverse,  usually  only  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  broadest  at  the  base 
or  slightly  before  the  base,  narrowing  in  front  so  that  the  head  is  never 
more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  often  with  a  slight  triangular  depres- 
sion at  apex,  with  no  distinct  posterior  lobe.  Legs,  especially  the  femora, 
moderately  stout.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  beyond  the  middle 
of  the. abdomen,  but  not  far. 

Four  species  have  been  distinguished  in  the  Florissant  shales. 

Table  of  the  specks  of  Lilhochroimu. 

Thorax  broadest  at  base ;  first  two  joints  of  anteniiic  together  as  long  as  the  last  two. 

Thorax  iiiipiiiictate  or  scarcely  piiiictate,  longer  than  the  width  ut'  the  head  ;  ooriuni  of  hemelytra 

obscure 1.  L.  gardiieri. 

Thorax  (Minctate,  only  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  head,  corium  of  hemelytra  clear. 

Thorax  more  than  one-half  as  long  again  as  the  head 2.  L.  obstrictus. 

Thorax  less  than  one-half  as  long  again  as  the  head 3,  L.  morluarius. 

Thorax  broadest  before  the  base;  first  two  joints  of  antennte  together  8li(,htly  shorter  than  the  last 
two 4.  X.  extranem. 

1.    LiTHOCHROMUS   GAKDNERI. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  10;  PI.  27,  Fig.  8. 

AntennjE  as  long  as  the  head,  thorax,  and  half  of  the  scutellum. 
Thorax  trapezoidal,  longer  than  the  width  of  the  head,  less  than  half  as  broad 
again  as  long,  the  sides  scarcely  convex,  the  apex  nearly  five-sixths  the 
length  of  the  base,  the  outer  anterior  angles  a  little  rounded ;  the  front 
transverse  or  slightly  emarginate ;  a  slight  triangular  depression  broader 
than  long  occupies  the  whole  front  margin ;  surface  impunctate  or  scarcely 
punctate,  as  is  also  the  scutellum.  Corium  of  the  hemelytra  obscure  dark 
fuscous,  with  pallid  longitudinal  strig.ne  which  scarcely  affect  the  outer  apex; 
membrane  showing  faint,  longitudinal,  pale  testaceous  strigfe. 

Length,  5"""  ;  breadth,  2""". 

Named  for  Mr.  James  T.  Gardner,  geographer  of  the  Haydea  Survey. 

Florissant.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  1092,  2577,  3947,  4717,  5:)837, 
10076,  14204. 

2.    LiTHOCHROMUS   OBSTRICTUS. 

Thorax  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  only  as  long  as  the  width  of 
the  head,  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  head ;  the  sidv?s  pretty 
strongly  oblique  and  slightly  convex ;  the  apex  about  three-quarters  the 
length  of  the  base ;    front  margin  regularly,  broadly,   and  considerably 


m 


'If 

1  i 


404 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


emargituvte ;  a  slight  median  snluation,  but  scarcely  any  Hign  of  a  depres- 
sion at  the  apex.  Surface  nearly  smooth,  but  coarsely,  distantly,  and 
faintly  punctate.     Corium  of  hemelytra  clear. 

Length,  .'>2.'>""»;  breadth,  2.1""". 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  6390. 

3.    LiTIIOCllROMUS   MORTUARIUS. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  2. 

Antennre  slightly  longer  than  head  and  thorax  together.  Thorax  sub- 
quadraiigular,  less  than  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  less  than  half  as  long 
again  as  the  head,  and  only  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  head,  broadest 
before  the  base,  with  rather  strongly  con  .ox  aides,  tapering  only  in  the 
apical  half,  but  rapidly;  the  apex  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  base;  a  dis- 
tinct posterior  lobe  not  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  anterior;  the  front  mar- 
gin transve;.ie  or  very  slightly  emarginate,  with  a  distnict  triangular  ante- 
rior depre-'.ion,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  apex  broadly  rounded;  surface 
indistinctly  ])unctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  blackish  fuscous ;  membrane 
with  slight  marks  of  longitudinal  infuscation. 


Length,  4.t) 


l)readth  of  base  of  thorax,  l.S.'i""";  abdomen,  2.25" 


Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  4644,  11220. 

4.    LlTHOCIIROMt^S   KXTRANEU8. 
IM.  26,  Fig.  6. 

The  single  specimen  is  preserveil  oidy  upon  a  side  view,  and  is  on  that 
account  difficult  to  compare  with  the  others  al)solutely.  The  head  apj)ears 
to  be  of  unusual  lengtii,  being  apparently  alxtnt  five-sixths  the  length  of  the 
thorax,  and  is  smooth :  the  antenna-  are  exceptionally  stout  and  are  some- 
what longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  togetlier  ;  the  first  two  joints  together 
slightly  shorter  than  the  last  two  ;  the  first  and  second  joints  increase  very 
sliglitlv  in  size  next  the  apex,  and  are  truncate  at  tip  ;  the  last  joint  scarcely 
enlarges  toward  the  ti]),  which  is  roinided.  Thorax  apparently  tapering 
from  a  little  l)efon'  \\ut  base,  somewhat  tumid,  and  i)unctate ;  corium  of 
hemelytra  clear,  or  very  slightly  obscnrcMl,  punctate  throughout,  but  more 
densely  along  the  principal  veins  ;   membrane  clear. 

Length,  .5.5"'"' ;  of  corium  of  hemelytra,  2.75""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1.'{G60. 


*  : 


HEMlFrEUA— HKTEUOPTKKA— I.Y(i.EIl).*:. 


405 


17.  COPTOCHIIOMUS  gon.  nov.  (hottti?,  xpoi^ia). 

Head  rounded  tri}iii},niliir,  fully  as  loiifr  ii«  broad,  as  broad  m  the  apex 
of  the  tliorax;  the  eyes  small,  globular,  median,  the  front  between  them 
advanced  considerably,  and  roundly  aiigiilated ;  antemue  shorter  than  in 
the  preceding-  genua,  longer  than  in  the  succeeding  genera,  being  longer 
than  head  and  thorax  togethei-,  but  considerably  leas  than  half  the  length 
of  the  body;  first  joint  distinctly,  though  not  considerably,  surpassing  the 
front,  the  first  and  second  together  shorter  than  the  remainder  of  the 
antennje,  the  third  and  fourth  subeijual  and  not  at  all  incrassated.  Thorax 
transverse,  considerably  less  than  twi(;e  as  broad  as  long,  decidedly  longer 
than  the  head,  broadest  at  the  base,  the  anterior  lateral  margins  strongly 
rounded,  the  apex  about  three-fourths  the  width  of  the  base ;  no  noticeable 
posterior  lobe.     Legs  and  hemelytra  as  in  the  preceding  genus. 

A  single  species  occurs  at  Florissant. 


COPTOCHROMUS    MAMUM. 

Antennae  of  nearly  uniform  diameter  throughout.  Thorax  trapezoidal 
with  the  outer  anterior  singles  strongly  rounded;  the  thorax  tapering 
rapidly  only  at  the  extreme  apex;  front  ma. gin  gently  emarginate,  a  very 
broad,  rounded,  subtriangular,  anterior  depression  three  or  four  times  as 
broad  as  long  occupying  the  whole  apex ;  a  distinct  median  carina ;  sur- 
face smooth.  Corium  of  hemelytra  varymg  from  pale  testaceous  to  fuscous, 
more  heavily  marked  along  the  costal  margin ;  the  whole  surface  faintly 
and  uniformly  punctate  ;  membrane  clear. 

Length,  i.e™" ;  breadth,  2""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  5248,  6270,  6449,  9046. 

18.  PROLYG^EUS  gen.  nov.  {7rp6,  Lyga'us,  nom.  gen.) 

Body  of  a  very  regularly  oval  form  less  than  twice  as  long  ns  broad. 
Head  rather  small,  with  the  eyes  rather  narrower  than  the  reduced  front  of 
the  thorax,  as  long  as  broad,  the  eyes  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  head, 
and  the  front  i)roduced  in  advance  of  them  as  a  broad  quadrate  mass ; 
antennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  the  first  joint  not  surpassing,  prob- 
ably just  reaching,  i\\:\  front,  the  last  two  longer  than  the  first  two  joints, 
subequal  and  slightly  incrassated.     Thorax  very  transverse,  nearU-  tl 


iree 


i!; 
h 


■i 


406 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


times  as  broad  ns  long,  the  posterior  lobe  more  than  one-third  of  the  whole, 
taporing  pr«.)f  '  regularly  and  very  considerably  from  base  to  apex,  which 
is  not  more  than  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  base.  Femora  stout  and  large. 
Hcmelytra  with  the  corinm  extending  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  fo'and  at  Florissant, 

PROLYCJiEl'S   INIIHDATUS. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  13. 

Head  very  faintly  and  finely  punctate,  oblique  sides  of  the  thorax 
gently  convex,  front  margin  of  tliorax  marginate  and  broadly  and  slightly 
emarginate;  surface  di.slinctly,  rather  distantly  and  uniformly  jjunctate. 
Coriui'.  of  lienii'lytra  rather  heavily  punctate  in  series  which  are  more  or 
less  longitudinal. 

Length,  tyJi""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.85""";  abdomen,  2.6"". 

Florissant.     One  sj)ecimen.  No.  62{(9. 

19.  NKCROCHROMUS  gen.  nov.  (yenpo?,  xP<»f^«). 

Body  very  regularly  oval,  the  broader  end  posterior,  the  abdomen  being 
very  full,  laterally  expanded  beyond  the  costal  margins  of  the  closed  heme- 
lytra,  the  whole  body  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Head  with  the 
moderatel}'  large  eyes  just  as  broad  as  the  apex  of  the  thorax,  almost  as  long 
as  broad,  being  strongly  and  angularly  produced  in  front  of  the  eyes,  wliicli 
are  situated  at  or  clo.se  to  the  base.  Ocelli  small,  situated  clo.se  to  the  eyes 
on  aline  with  their  ])osterior  margin;  antennsK  as  long  as  head,  thorax,  and 
scutelluu],  the  first  joint  not  or  but  .slightly  surpassing  the  front,  the  other 
joints  subequal,  the  fourth  slightly  the  longest,  the  third  shortest,  the  last 
two  gently  incrassated.  Thorax  transverse,  broadest  at  !)ase,  tapering  rather 
or  very  rapidly,  .scarcely  longer  than  tlie  liead,  tliu  sides  convex,  theob.scure 
posterior  lobe  rather  less  than  one-fourtli  of  the  whole.  I^egs,  or  at  least 
the  femora,  pretty  stout.  Ilenielytra  with  tiie  corium  surpassing  the  middle 
of  the  abdomen  to  a  greater  or  less  degree.  , 

Three  species  are  known,  all  from  Fhn'is.sant. 

Table  of  the  »peciei  of  Xecrochrumun. 

Thornx  al>oiit  twice  ok  lirnnd  «n  ImiK. 

Api'X  oflliiir.ix  iiiori'  tli;i  i  t  lint'  foiiri  lis  as  lim;;  at  liiisii;  cDriiini  of  tu'inclytrii  Hlimt .  I.  .V.  cuikirilli. 
Apex  »l'  horix  lianllv  iimn'  tli  m  li  k'Tas  loii^  .it  b  tHi<;  corium  of  lnMiiolyira  lon); i.   .V.  lahaliit, 

Tlioiiix  ulioiit  half  as  liroail  again  as  loiif! :i.  A',  mixijicui. 


HEMlPTEUA-llETEUUPTEUA-LYGiEIDJ!!. 


407 


1.  Necrochkomus  cockerelli. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  10. 

Head  smooth.  Thoriix  fully  twice  m  broad  as  loii}^,  the  apex  mure 
than  three-quarters  the  length  of  the  base,  gently  tapering  with  arcuate 
sideii,  the  front  margin  gently  and  broadly  eniarginate  with  somewhat 
rcMided  lateral  angles;  sides  marginate  and  on  either  side  near  the  margin 
a  gently  arcuate  sulcus  subparallel  to  the  margin  ;  the  posterior  lobe  sepa- 
rated oidy  by  a  slight  carination ;  whole  surface  uniforndy  and  distinctly 
punctate.  Corium  of  liemely  mi  relatively  short,  hardly  surpassing  the  mid- 
dle of  the  abdomen,  clear,  excepting  a  broad,  fusco-fuliginous  band  along 
the  membranal  suture  and  the  fuscous  punctate  veins ;  the  whole  of  the 
corium  is  also  distantly  punctate ;  membrane  clear,  abdomen  fusco-fuligi- 
nous with  a  broad,  subniarginal,  distinctly  bordered,  clear  band  not  clearly 
observable  in  all  specimens. 

Length,  6,15°"";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.1.5""";  abdomen,  2.85"°'. 

Named  for  Mr.  T.  D,  A.  Cockerell,  the  industrious  entomologist  of 
Colorado. 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  2229,  8139  and  8234,  9086.  10135, 
11231.  . 

2.  Necrochkomus  labatus. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  U. 

Thorax  nearly  two  and  a  half  times  ps  broad  as  long,  only  a  little  longer 
than  the  head ;  apex  oidy  three-fifths  the  breadth  of  the  base,  transverse, 
the  sides  oblique,  gently  arcuate,  the  outer  anterioi-  angles  scarcely  rounded  ; 
the  surface  uniform,  heavily  jiunctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  relatively  long, 
reaching  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  abdomen,  pale  teKtaceous  except- 
ing rather  large  fuscous  spots  along  the  inner  half  of  the  membranal  suture ; 
the  whole  surface  punctate  ;  the  veins  infuscated  ;  abdomen  as  in  last  species. 

Length,  5"'"- ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2  15™"';  abdomen,  2.8™". 

riorissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2871. 

3.  Necrochromus  saxificus. 

Anteiuia>  as  long  as  head,  thorax,  and  scutellum,  all  but  the  apical  joint 
dark  ;  the  latter  clear  except  for  some  slight  blotches.  Thorax  trapezoidal, 
hardly  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  tapering  gently  and  regularly  except 


• 


408 


TEKTlAitY   IN8K0T8  OK  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


for  tli«  «lifflit  arciiation  of  the  sidoH  from  the  extreme  ba«e;  the  apox  fully 
three-fourlliH  iih  hmg  ««  hani',  the  front  margin  gently  t-margiiiatt',  the  oi.ter 
angles  hnnlly  rounded ;  Murfaee  punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching 
almost  to  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdon)en,  more  or  Ichs  obscure 
and  punctate;  abdomen  uniforndy  dark  fuscous,  difl'ering  from  the  other 
species  in  its  relative  narrowness,  so  that  it  is  apparently  not  expanded 
laterally  beyond  the  margin  of  the  hemelytra. 

Length,  <)""";  breadth  of  thorax,  l.H""";  abdomen,  2.5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  8927. 

20.  EXITELUS  gen.  nov.  (e^irrfXa?). 

The  body  is  long  oval,  njore  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Head  a 
little  broader  than  long,  as  broad  as  the  abruptly  narntwed  ape.\  of  the 
thorax,  but  hardly  half  so  broad  as  the  base  of  the  thorax;  eyes  rather 
small,  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  head,  the  front  between  them  strongly 
and  roundly  produced,  with  no  angulation ;  antenna;  as  long  as  head  and 
thorax  together,  the  first  joint  barely  surpassing  the  front,  the  last  a  little 
incrassated  and  apparently  the  longest.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  narrowing  rap- 
idly from  base  forward,  abruptly  ai  the  very  apex,  not  muoh  more  than  half 
as  broad  again  as  long,  the  sides  a  little  convex.  Fei\  )ni  stout.  Corium 
of  hemelytra  extending  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abchtincn,  which,  though 
full,  perhaps  does  not  expand  laterally  beyond  the  closed  hemelytra. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

ExiTELfS   KX.SANGUIS. 
n.  137,  Fig.  2. 

Head  and  thorax  fu.sco-fuliginous,  the  latter  with  a  median  sulcation, 
both  sniootli,  though  the  .scutelluin  is  faintly  punctate;  front  margin  of  the 
thorax  slightly  emarginate.  Corium  of  iu^melytra  reaching  the  middle  of 
the  apical  iialf  of  the  abdomen,  fuliginous  with  a  central  faint  pallid  spot, 
faintlv  |)unctate ;  abdomen  fusco-fuliginous  with  a  jtreniarginal,  broad, 
clearly  defined,  pale  belt  which  traverses  the  alxlonien  in  ecpial  Ijreadth 
ju.st  beyoiul  the  scutelinni. 

Length,  4.8.')""":   l)rea(ltli  (.f  thorax,  Li)"'"';  abdomen,  2""°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  (!(!'(;. 


21 


HEM  I  PTKIl  A— H  KTEItOlTBltA— lA'd.K  I  IJvK. 
.  OltYITOCIIROMUS  jf«».  nov.  {HpvTrrdf,  xn'^Ho)- 


409 


Hody  of  till  oval  Hliape,  a  very  littlo  more  than  twic^e  as  loiij^  a8  broad. 
Head  lar^e,  diHtitictly  broader  than  the  a|)ex  of  the  thorax,  fully  half  aH 
broad  ajjaiii  as  loiiff,  the  front  but  slifflitly  advanced  befiu-e  the  eyea,  very 
broadly  aiiffulate.  Kyes  very  lar}>e,  half  as  lonj''  as  the  thorax,  heniispher- 
ical,  occupyiiifj;'  the  entire  narrowed  side  of  the  head.  Antenniv  as  loiiff  aH 
liead  and  thorax,  the  first  joint  scarcely  surpassiiij^  the  head,  the  other 
joints  Hube(iual  in  len^rth,  the  second  very  slender,  the  fourth  distinctly 
incrassate.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  a  little  more  than  twice  as  broad  hh  lonjjf, 
flattened,  broadest  at  base,  narrowiii}''  gently  ui  advance,  the  sides  yeiitly 
arcuate,  the  apex  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  base.  Corium  of  hemelytra 
reachiiijjf  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen. 

One  species  only  is  known,  from  Florissant. 

Ckyptochromus  letatus. 

Head,  thorax,  scutellum,  and  hemelytra,  the  latter  perhaps  to  a  less 
extent  than  the  other  parts,  blackish  fuscous,  finely  and  uniformly  punctate. 
Thorax  about  two  and  a  quarter  times  as  broad  as  long,  the  front  margin 
roundly  emarginate,  the  hind  margin  transverse,  the  posterior  considerably 
longer  than  tlie  anterior  lobe ;  a  slight  median  aulcation.  Corium  of  heme- 
lytra strongly  infu.sctated,  very  long,  reaching  to  the  last  abdominal  joint, 
the  membranal  suture  very  oblique  ;  abdomen  fusco-fuliginous. 

Length,  4.15' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2""";  abdomen,  2.15""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  4487  and  11655. 

Snbthmily  PYRRHOGORINA  Stal. 

This  peculiar  group,  by  many  regarded  as  deserving  family  rank,  has 
never  before  been  found  fossil.  The  Florissant  beds,  however,  yield  two 
spiicies,  which  I  have  referred  to  Dysdercus. 

DYSDERCUS  Amyot  and  Serville. 

To  this  genus,  found  all  over  the  world,  but  not  so  rich  in  species  with 
us  as  in  the  Old  Worlil,  un  inhabitant  mostly  of  warm  climates,  and  repre- 
sented in  the  'Inited  States  only  in  the  southern  portion,  a  couple  of  Flor- 
issant forms  appear  to  belong.    It  has  not  before  been  recognized  in  a  fossil 


i 


410 


TKRTIAUY  IN8KCT8  OP  NOIMII  AMKIllCA. 


i    I 


Mtiito,  but  it  IH  qiiitu  puHHiblu  thiit  hoiuo  of  tliu  iindoHrriluMl  HpuciuH  in  the 
Kiiropenn  Tortinrien  rofoirt'd  to  LyjfiLMiH  may  hv  fimiid  on  uxiuniiiittion  to 
belong  liero  or  to  other  I'yrrhocoriim,  Hinco  tho  twoHpoiuos  found  at  Fl()riH- 
niiut  ch)Mely  rimtMnblu  thu  HpeciuH  of  liV^^u'iiH  from  thif  Mumo  l)e(lM,  and  until 
thuir  want  of  ouolli  waH  notud  were  ])hi('i)d  noxt  to  thum. 

7Vi6/r  o/  Ihf  »(ieritii  iif  /)y«(/< nin 

Mlildloofbotly  belteil  with  a  light  Itnnd 1.  /».  Wd./Hf. 

Ikidy  uniform  in  color , W.  /A  unirolur. 

1.    DysDERCUS   CINCTTI8. 
PI.  L'4,  Flj{8.  11,  la,  14, 

Head  rounded,  8ubtrian<i^ular,  the  front  broadly  rounded  with  a  Hli;fht 
an^uhition  (V\}f.  l.'J  irt  inaccurate,  having  been  drawn  before  tiie  sione  was 
broken  away  from  flie  head).  Surface  tranKversely  and  finely  corrugated, 
otherwise  smooth.  Thorax  coarsely,  obscurely,  and  distantly  punctale,  as 
are  also  the  femora.  The  scutellum  appears  to  be  nearly  smooth.  Hemo- 
lytra  finely  punctate  along  impressed  lines  following  the  course  of  the  prin- 
cipal veins.  Whole  body  dark,  but  transversely  Itanded  with  lighter  color 
in  a  rather  broad  belt,  which  cros.ses  the  posterior  half  of  the  thorax  and 
more  distinctly  traverses  the  body  and  closed  hemelytra  at  the  tip  of  the 
scutellum. 

Length  of  body,  H.Gr)"""  ;  antenna^,  :5.75""" ;   breadth  of  body,  Sly'"". 

Flori-ssant.  Nine  specimens,  Nos.  142ti,  174.5.  liVM,  4-24H,  .580.5,  71fil, 
9890,  10303,  i35()l.  One  of  the  specimens  figured.  No.  .586.5,  was  n)islaid 
at  the  time  of  description  of  the  species,  but  undoubtedly  belongs  here. 

2.  Dysuercus  unicolor. 

Body  uniformly  dark  fuscous  throughout,  with  no  indication  of  any 
transverse  lighter-colored  bands.  Head  smootii,  aiitenn;e  concolorons. 
Thorax  and  scutellum  very  lioarsely  and  distantly  punctate.  The  abdomen 
similarly  but  more  ob.scurely  and  still  more  distantly  punctate,  the  clo.sed 
hemelytra  slightly  surpa.s.'^ing  its  extremity. 

Length,  including  the  closed  hemelytra,  8.5'""';  anteniue,  3..5"'" ; 
breadth,  3.5""".  * 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  3230,  10340. 


I 


U  1 


HBMll'TBRA— IIKTKHOPTUUA— (JOUElDJi;. 


411 


Family  COREID^  Stephens. 

The  momborH  of  thiH  lar^u  t'liiiiily  do  not  uppoar  t(»  havu  been  recov- 
ered from  tlie  ro(;kH  in  any  great  variety  of  forniH,  and  from  amber  but  a 
Hingle  HpitciuH  Ih  known.  The  Coreina  and  Alydinie  appear  to  Iiave  been 
far  tlio  moHt  abundant  anumg  the  HubfamilieH,  tlie  former  prevailing  in 
Hurope,  the  hitter  in  America;  in  America  miicli  tlie  greater  number  of 
all  the  species,  mid  {^ennra  aH  well,  belong  to  the  Alydinic,  u  Homewhat 
remarkable  fact  in  viuw  ol'  the  relatively  Hlight  importance  of  this  giouj) 
to-day.  The  Cori/.idu  were  next  in  importance,  a  few  Hpecies  being  found 
both  in  Europe  and  Ameriiui.  'I'he  other  Hubfamiliex  represented  are  the 
Psinulopidtrina,  which  ociMirs  on;y  in  America  and  in  a  single  genus,  which 
appears,  however,  to  have  been  very  connnon ;  and  the  Herytina,  found 
only  in  Europe,  and  the  only  subfamily  represented  in  amber.  Excepting 
one  Corizus,  all  the  American  species  that  have  been  found  have  occurred 
only  at  Florissant. 

Siibfiimily  OOREINA  St&l. 

This  Hubfamily  is  better  rejjresented  in  the  European  Tcjrtiaries  than 
in  our  owtj,  wlmro  it  has  so  far  been  detected  only  at  Florissant.  In 
Europe  wo  tind  a  dozen  species  of  half  as  nniny  genera,  of  which  one, 
I'ulicocoris  lloer,  with  a  single  species  from  Radoboj,  is  regarded  as  extinct, 
and  another,  (Joreites,  with  three  species  from  Oeningen  and  Radoboj,  is 
used  only  as  a  magazine  for  imptn'fectly  known  forms.  The  other  genera 
are  Syronifistes,  with  four  species  from  Oeningen,  Spartocera,  with  two  from 
Radoboj,  and  single  species  of  Ilypselonotus  at  Oeningen,  and  Leptoscelis 
at  Sieblos.  Resides  Series  states  tiuit  two  small  species  of  Coreus  (used  in 
a  general  sen.se)  occur  at  Aix. 

None  of  these  at  all  resemble  in  any  particular  manner  the  forms  we 
•  find  at  Florissant,  where  all  the  sp(>cies  but  one  have  to  be  referred  to 
extinct  genera,  and  the  one  exception  may  require  a  similar  reference  when 
better  known.  There  are,  however,  but  four  genera  with  nine  species.  In 
two  of  them,  one  containing  four  species,  it  is  difficult  to  determine  in  what 
relation  they  stand  to  existing  types  on  account  of  the  peculiarities  of  the 
neuration  of  the  hemelytra.  A  third,  Piezocoris,  with  three  species,  is 
remarkable  for  its  large  head,  but  otherwise  does  not  greatly  differ  from 


;  i 


f) 


412  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTH  AMERICA. 

Anasa,  to  which  the  remaining  species  is  referred.     In  all  the  antennaj  are 
brief  and  have  the  joints  beyond  the  basal  of  more  than  usual  equality. 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Coreina. 

Ilcuil  uot  moru  Miaii  half  as  lotif;  as  tli»  thorax 1.  Anata. 

Ili'iid  iiKiro  than  liairiix  lon^  ax  the  thorax. 

An  oliliqiit^  vein  riiiiiiiiit!  t'roin  thi<  upper  apex  of  tho  auiitral  cell  of  tho  ooriuiu  to  the  coHta,  iiicIoM. 
in^  a  lar;;e  rliomboiihtl  cell  at  the  apex  of  the  coriiiui. 

Head  and  thorax  ol'Hiiliei|iiiil  length    'J.  AchrcntovoriH. 

Head  iimi'li  tthorter  than  the  thorax  X  I'hlhiiioioriii. 

No  ublique  veiu  uor  rhoiuboidal  cell  at  apex  of  curium 4.  i'ieiuvuni. 


1.  ANASA  Ainyot  and  Serville. 

This  American  genus,  rich  in  species  in  tropical  and  subtropical  regions 
and  with  at  least  twenty  species  in  North  America  having  a  great  variety 
of  form  and  general  appearance,  is  best  known  to  the  public  by  our  com- 
mon odoriferous  "  stpuish-bug."  The  genus  has  never  before  been  found 
fossil,  but  occurs  in  a  single  instiince  at  Florissant,  the  species  being  some- 
what peculiar  in  the  form  of  the  anterior  half  of  the  thorax. 

AnASA   PBISCOPUl  IDA. 
PI.  24,  Fig.  4. 

Head  rounded  triangular,  together  with  the  eyes  rather  more  than  half 
tlie  width  of  tlit^  front  lobi'  of  the  thorax,  of  about  equal  length  and  l)roadtli, 
tho  front  stronji-lv  pyotn.i'K'd  in  advance  of  the  eves.  Antenua-  .somewliat 
more  than  half  as  lnii^-  as  the  body,  tho  first  joint  but  little  stouter  than 
the  other.s,  cylindrical,  scarcely  shorter  than  the  head,  the  second  and 
fourth  subequal,  the  third  smaller.  Thora.v  fully  double  the  length  of  tlie 
head,  the  anterior  and  posterior  lobes  very  distinct  in  tiieir  form  and  struct- 
ure, the  posterior  occujjying  two-thirds  of  the  length  witli  rounded  alations, 
which  increase  its  l)readtli  nearly  one-third ;  surface  distantly  and  rather 
fiiu'lv  granulate,  except  along  its  anterior  edge,  where  the  granulations  uro. 
larger  and  more  -crowiUMl :  except  for  the  alations  the  sides  are  straigiit ; 
anterior  lol)i'  very  rapidly  tapering  in  front,  the  sides  strongly  oblitpie  and 
well  rounded  ;  the  front  margin  gently  and  broadly  emarginate  ;  tiie  surface 
smooth  like  tlie  liciid.  except  for  a  few  granulations  along  the  anterior  mar- 
gin and  lateral  edges.  Sciitellum  large,  triangular,  granulate  like  the  pos- 
terior lobe  of  the  thorax.     Corium  and  clavus  of  tho  hemelytra  distantly 


il 


-i 


HBMIPTERA— IIKTEUOPTERA— COREII)^. 


413 


punctate  in  linear  rows.  Legs  slender,  tlie  anterior  femora  lonjrer  than  the 
breadth  of  the  body.  Abdomen  long  and  rather  narrow  with  straight  sides 
tapering  apically. 

Length  of  body,  7'"'";  breadth  of  jjosterior  lobe  of  thorax,  2,8™"'; 
abdomen,  2.25""" ;  length  of  antenna-s,  4""". 

F'lorissant.     One  specimen,  No.  13314. 


2.  ACHRESTOCORIS  gen.  nov.  (axptjffro?,  xopt?). 

This  genus  and  tlie  following  are  remarkable  for  the  neur.it'on  of  the 
corium  of  the  hemelytra,  wliere  an  oblique  vein  runs  from  the  upper  apex 
of  the  central  cell  to  the  costa,  in  addition  to  the  two  other  veins  running 
from  the  extremity  of  the  cell  to  the  membrane,  and  so  inclosing  between 
itself  and  the  U|)per  of  these  two  usual  veins  a  large  riiomboidal  cell  at  the 
apex  of  the  corium.  In  the  j)re8ent  genus  the  thorax  is  exc'ej)tionally  short, 
being  no  longer  than,  if  as  long  as,  the  small  head.  The  head  is  subquad- 
rate,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  less  than  half  as  wi  le  a«  the  base  of  the 
thorax,  not  much  protluced  in  front  of  the  antenuic.  Aniennse  not  preserved 
in  any  of  the  specimens.  Kyes  large  and  rather  prominent,  ocelli  minute, 
circular,  more  than  twice  as  near  the  eyes  as  each  other,  opposi*^"  the  middle 
of  the  i)osterior  half  of  the  eyes.  Thorax  with  truncate  base,  the  sides 
tapering  rapidly  to  the  narrow  apex,  the  ajical  margin  gently,  regularly, 
and  roundly  emarginate,  the  whole  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad. 
Scutellinn  very  large,  triangular,  broader  than  long.  Corium  of  heinelvtra 
large,  reaching  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  which  the  membrane 
appears  to  surpass  slightly.  Membranal  margin  straight,  very  oblicpie 
Abdomen  large  and  rather  full,  half  as  long  again  as  broad. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

ACHRESTOCORIS   CINERARIU8. 
ri.  '22,  Fig.  1. 

Pody  robust,  but  litth^  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Head  very 
finely  granulate,  intraocular  space  about  half  as  wide  as  the  length  of  the 
head;  tius  color  black.  Thorax  l»iackish  fuscous  with  coarse  and  faint 
puncta',  not  very  close  together;  sides  with  very  slight  ampliations;  rest  of 
the  body  l)lack  or  blackish  fuscous.     1  lemelytra  fiisco-fuliginous  with  dusky 


■I 


414 


TEUTIAEY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


veins ;  a  broad  band  crossing  the  base  of  the  abdomen  and  including  the 
hemelytra  of  a  reddish  fuscous  color. 

Length  of  body,  8.5°"" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3°"° ;  breadth  of  middle  of 
abdomen,  3.6""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  4480,  11223,  11234,  12085. 


3.  PHTHINOCORIS  gen.  nov.  {tp'h'vco,  ncpis). 

This  genus  agrees  closely  with  the  last  except  that  the  thorax  is  much 
longer,  the  head  being  distinctly  shorter  than  it.  It  is  of  a  similar  robust 
form.  The  head  is  similarly  shaped  and  well  rounded ;  the  eyes  are  large, 
the  ocelli  small  and  circular,  as  near  together  as  to  the  eyes  and  opposite 
the  middle  of  the  same.  The  antennai  are  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the 
body,  the  basal  joint  moderately  stout  but  short,  not  half  so  long  as  the 
head,  the  other  joints  subequal,  but  the  fourth  the  smallest  and  scarcely 
incrassated.  Thorax  fully  twice  as  broad  as  the  head,  tapering  forward 
with  rounded  amj)liated  sides,  more  or  less  distinctly  separated  into  an 
anterior  and  posterior  lobe  (the  anterior  very  short)  by  a  transverse  slight 
sulcation,  sometimes  marked  by  a  series  of  granules.  Hemelytra  with 
the  sanie  structure  as  to  the  venation  as  in  Aciu'estocoris,  the  central 
cell  remarkably  short,  its  apex  being  .scarcely  beyond  the  center  of  the 
corium ;  membrane  slightly  exceeding  the  abdomen  ;  this  latter  shaped  as 
in  Achrestocoris. 

Four  species  are  known. 

Table  of  Ihv  »pede$  of  I'hihinocorU. 

Head  much  «horter  than  thorax;  species  of  inedium  hizo. 

Thorax  aliiiOHt  twice  as  broail  at  base  as  long 1.   /'.  collifiatiiii. 

Thorax  iinicli  lewt  th.m  twice  as  broad  at  base  aa  long 2.  I'.letlarijkuii. 

Hea<l  and  thorax  of  Nubeqiial  length. 

Species  of  small  Nize  (mrasuriug  about  6.5io">  in  length);  licad  not  broa<ler  than  lung,  delicately 

Rrannlate W.  V.  laiuiuiduK. 

S[)ecie8  of  large  size  (meaMnring  about  9.5™™  in  length);  head  broader  than  long,  coarsely  and 
obscurely  granulate 4.  P.peirwu*. 

1.   Phthinocobis  COLLIQATUS. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  3. 

Head  imperfectly  preserved  but  plainly  triangular,  the  surface  nearly 
smooth,  but  beset  with  a  line  granulation.  Thorax  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
the  head,  not  quite  twice  ivs  broad  as  long,  the  sides  nearly  straight  and 


HEMlPTEllA— HETEROPTERA— COREID^. 


415 


regularly  tapering ;  the  surface  black  or  blackish  fuscous  and  finely  granu- 
late, a  row  of  granules  marking  the  limitations  of  the  two  lobes.  Scutellum 
finely  granulate,  black.  Hemelytra  fusco-fuliginous,  the  membrane  fainter; 
the  corium  long,  reaching  almost  to  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen ;  the 
sutura  clavi  marked  b)^  u  pallid  line ;  the  surface  of  the  whole  more  or  less 
finely  punctate. 

I^ength  of  body,  8""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3"™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  6371. 

2.  Phthinocoris  letharoicus. 
PI.  26,  Fig.  17;  PI.  27,  Fig.  17. 

Head  blackish  fuscous,  nearly  smooth,  but  with  fine  transverse  corru- 
gations ;  the  antetuise  of  the  same  color.  Thorax  reddish  fuscous  except 
along  the  posterior  margin,  which  with  the  whole  scutellum  and  the  base  of 
the  hemelytra  beside  it  is  blackish,  forming  a  broad,- transverse  belt  across 
the  body  ;  the  sides  of  tho  thorax  full,  anipliated,  the  thorax  tapering  much 
more  rapidly  in  the  anterior  than  in  the  posterior  half,  the  separation  of  the 
anterior  and  posterior  lobes  marked  by  a  fine  row  of  granules ;  the  surface 
otherwise  nearly  smooth  but  faintly  and  coarsely  granulose.  Scutellum 
finely  corrugate.  Hemelytra  pale  fusco-fuliginous,  the  membrane  nearly 
pallid,  the  veins  all  marked  with  fuscous  in  series  of  punctures  upon  either 
side ;  corium  i<vther  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  species. 

Length  of  body,  8.65""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5°"" ;  abdomen,  3.6°"° ; 
length  of  antennae,  3.5'°°'. 

Florissant.     Thre.  specimens,  Nos.  6370,  8740,  9532. 


3.  Phthinocoris  languidus. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  6. 

The  smallest  of  the  species.  Head  rounded,  of  about  equal  length  and 
breadth,  the  eyes  only  moderately  large,  globular,  the  surface  of  the  head 
iinely  granulate.  Antennae  slender  but  short,  not  half  the  length  of  the 
body,  black  like  the  head ;  indeed  the  whole  body  is  black.  Thorax  just 
ab(Mjt  as  long  as  the  head,  move  coarsely  granulate  than  it,  more  than  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  the  sides  tapering  but  regularly  rounded.    Corium  of 


416 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


hemelytra  rather  heavily  but  not  very  deeply  punctate,  the  puncta:  distrib- 
uted only  in  part  in  longitudinal  series  and  not  confined  to  the  vein>< ;  the 
corimn  about  as  long-  as  in  the  preceding  species,  or  rather  shorter ;  not  so 
short  as  represented  in  the  figure,  but  extending  as  far  as  the  membrane  is 
there  repi'esented.     Legs  short  but  slender. 

Length  of  body,  6.65""° ;  of  antenna',2.2.'>""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2  25""" 
Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  9451  and  10961,  10613,  12256. 

4.    PhTHINOCORIS    PETRiEUS. 

This  species  is  represented  by  specimens  less  well  preserved  than  the 
others,  but  differs  from  tliem  all  in  its  much  larger  size  and  in  the  structure 
of  the  thorax.  Tiie  head  is  distinctly  broader  than  long,  more  than  half  as 
broad  as  the  thorax,  distantly  and  very  finely  granulate  ;  the  basal  joint  of 
the  antennie  is  ])retty  stout,  but  very  short  and  but  little  surpasses  the  front 
of  the  head,  Tlie  thorax  is  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  sides  tapering  rapidly 
but  full,  the  surface  coarsely  and  very  distantly  granulate ;  the  whole  body 
is  black  or  blackish  fuscous  with  faint  signs,  in  some  instances  at  least,  of  a 
broad  belt  of  lighter  color  across  the  body  including  in  its  anterior  half  the 
scutellum.  Corium  of  hemelytra  marked  by  coarse  di.stant  granulations 
following  the  veins ;  it  extends  to  no  great  distance  before  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  9.5""";  breadth  of  thorax,  3.1™"'. 

Florissant.     Four  speci.nen.s,  Nos.  7769,  9999,  10366,  11766. 


fc     i 


4.  PIEZOCORIS,  gen.  nov.  {Triil^a^,  n6pi?). 

A  genus  of  Coreina  peculiar  for  the  large  size  of  the  head ;  this  is  fully 
one-half,  sometimes  two-tliirds,  the  width  of  the  thorax,  subtriaiigular  in  form 
i  lid  well  rounded,  rather  broader  than  long,  the  front  rectangular,  produced 
in  front  of  the  eyes ;  the  latter  are  rounded,  prominent,  the  intraocular  space 
beinjras  broad  as  half  the  length  of  the  head.  Antennne  much  as  in  Phthin- 
ocori.s,  the  basal  joint  moderately  stout,  cylindrical,  less  than  one-half  as 
long  as  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  subequal,  the  second  .ad  third  slen- 
der, about  half  as  broad  as  tlie  basal,  the  last  incrassated,  subfusiform, 
nearly  as  stout  as  the  basal.  Thorax  fully  as  long  as  the  head,  tapering,  the 
apical  margin  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal.     The  bemelytra  of  the 


HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA-COREIDiEJ.  417 

ordinary  structure.      The   legs   nither  short,   slender,   the  bind  femora 
scarcely  so  long  as  the  width  of  the  abdomen. 
Three  species  pre  known. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Piezocoria. 

No  distinct  dark  spot  noar  apex  of  coriuni ;  eyes  largo. 

Apical  niarf,'iii  of  thorax  more  than  half  as  loi,g  as  the  basal i    p  „eritus 

Apical  iimruin  of  thorax  loss  than  half  as  loug  as  the  basal .'."!.'.".'"!  "a'p  '  comvactilis 

A  <:!atiuct  (lurk  spot  near  the  apex  of  coriiim  ;  oyes  small .3.  p.  p^emiitiis 

1.    PlEZOCORIS   PERITUS. 
PI.  25,  Fig.  15. 

The  whole  body  fusco-fuliginous,  tinged  more  or  less  with  blackish 
fiiscous.  Head  faintly  granulate,  excepting  next  the  base,  where  it  is  more 
distinct.  Thorax  very  coarsely  and  very  distantly  granulate,  the  sides 
nearly  straight,  the  apical  margin  faintly  and  roundly  emarginate  and  nearly 
two-thirds  as  long  as  the  basal ;  scutellum  like  the  thorax.  Corium  of  heme- 
lytra  very  coarsely  punctate,  especially  next  the  base,  reaching  very  near 
the  extremity  of  the  abdomen,  which  the  membrane  considerably  surpasses. 
Legs  short,  the  femora  sube(pial,  faintly  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.8""";  length  of  antennae,  4""-. 

Florissant.     One  si)ecimen,  No.  10956. 

2.  PlEZOCORIS   COMPACTILIS. 

Whole  body  black.  Head  apparently  smooth.  First  joint  of  antennaj 
surpassing  a  Httle  the  front  of  the  projecting  snout;  second  and  third  joints 
of  the  anteniue  a  little  pallid.  Thorax  coarsely  but  not  prominently  and 
rather  distantly  granulate,  the  apical  mai-gin  broadly  and  roundly  emargi- 
nate, a  little  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal,  the  sides  rapidly  tapering 
with  slight  fullness.     A])domen  rather  slender  and  long. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.75""';  length  of  antennae,  4"«". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5731. 

3.  PlEZOCORIS?   PEREMPTUS. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  14. 

Body  blackish  fuscous,  mottled  with  pallid,  especially  upon  the  abdo- 
men.    Head  smooth  excepting  on  its  posterior  border,  where  it  is  coarsely 
VOL  xai 1»7 


418 


TERTIAllY  INSECTS  OF  NOIITU  AMERICA. 


ffrauulate;  eyos  very  small,  globular.  Thorax  very  coarsely  rnrl  distantly 
granulate,  perhaps  a  little  longer  than  the  head  and  certainly  broader  than 
long.  Ilenielytra  scarcely  showing  any  veins  in  the  coriuni,  which  is  pale 
fuliginous,  edged  with  dark  fuscous,  and  with  a  large  round  fuscous  spot 
just  before  the  middle  of  the  menibranal  margin  ;  the  membranal  margin 
itself  infuscatod  at  its  two  extremities ;  membrane  more  deeply  fuscous, 
especially  toward  tlie  base  and  on  either  side,  with  numerous  veins  arising 
from  a  transverse  vein  following  the  membranal  margin  ;  the  extremity  of 
the  corium  is  far  before  that  of  the  abdomen,  which  is  barely  covered  by 
the  membrane. 

Length  of  body,  9.05'"™ ;  breadth,  at  least  3""". 

This  species,  being  preserved  only  upon  a  side  view,  can  not  bo  defi- 
nitely referred  to  this  genus ;  but  as  it  agrees  better  with  it  than  with  any 
of  the  others  and  does  not  furnish  characters  sufficient  for  clear  generic 
separation  I  have  preferred  to  leave  it  in  this  place. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  5633. 


^ 


Subfamily    ALYDINiE    Distant. 

Although  when  compared  to  the  other  Coreidic,  this  subfamily  is  to-day 
but  poorly  represented  in  America,  whether  i-  temperate  or  tropical  regions, 
this  was  not  the  case  in  Tertiary  times,  for  it  was  fairly  well  furnislied  with 
genera  and  species,  and  as  for  numbers  in  individuals  no  group  of  Heter- 
optera  could  compare  with  it.  ^[ost  of  the  eight  genera  are  extinct  types 
and  belong  to  the  division  of  Micrelytraria  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Pro- 
tenor  and  Darmistus,  with  slender  and  unarmed  hind  femora,  but  also,  as  a 
general  rule,  with  distinctly  though  delicately  and  profusely  spined  hind 
tibia;.  One  genus,  Rhepocoris,  contains  the  bulk  of  all,  and  of  the  four  or 
five  species  bel.mging  to  it  nearly  all  the  specimens  obtained  belong  to  two 
closely  allied  forms,  possibly  to  ho  regarded  as  oidy  one.  In  Europe  but 
three  fo.ssil  Alydinu'  have  been  recognized,  and  these  have  all  been  referred 
to  the  division  Alvdariii.  One  from  the  brown  coal  of  the  Rhine  is  irrecojr- 
nizable  at  jiresent,  but  was  referred  by  Germar  to  Alydus ;  a  second  from 
Oeningen  is  a  true  Alydiis ;  and  a  third,  also  from  (^eniiigen  but  unde- 
scribed,  was  com[)ared  l)y  I  leer  to  Alydus  lateralis,  now  placed  in  the 
neighboring  genus  Camplopus. 


i. 


HEMIPTEUA— iiETEUOPTEllA-CUUEID.E.  419 

Table  of  the  genera  of  fossil  Abjilinw. 

Hind  fomora  Hplnod  bonoath 1.  Cacalydui, 

Iliud  femora  iinunncd. 

Puatorinr  lutural  anglcH  of  thornx  produced  as  a  spine 2.  Vydamus. 

Posterior  lateral  angles  of  thorax  nut  produced. 

Tliorax  scarcely  narrower  at  npcx  tliiin  at  base 3.  rarodarmiitus. 

Thorax  dislinetly  tapering  from  base  to  apex. 

First  joint  of  antonn.o  no  longer  than  the  head. 

Head  distinctly  longer  than  thu  thorax  ;  flrst  joint  of  antenniu  (at  least  in  Protenor) 
as  long  as  the  head. 
Body  slender;  thorax  tapering  gently,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth. 

4.  I'rotenor. 

Body  robust;  thorax  tapering  rapidly,  twice  as  broml  as  long 5.  Tenor. 

Head  and  thorax  8nbe<|iial  in  length  ;  llrst  joint  of  uuteniuu  diorter  tliau  the  head. 

Second  joint  of  ant  Miniu  much  longer  than  either  of  the    'hers (i.  Ktirocoris. 

Second,  third,  and  fourtti  joints  of  antennic  subeqnal ,..7    lihepoeoris. 

First  joint  of  antenniu  much  longer  than  the  head 8.  Orthriovorisa, 

1.  CACALYDUS  gen.  nov.  {huho^,  Alydus,  iioni.  gen.). 

Nearly  allied  to  Alydus  but  difFeriiij;  from  it  in  the  structure  of  the 
antennoe,  which  are  distinctly  shorter  than  the  body ;  the  first  joint  about 
as  long  as  the  head,  the  other  three  subecjual,  the  terminal  joint  incrassatcd 
gently,  but  no  longer  or  scarcely  longer  than  the  second  and  third.  The 
head  is  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  subquadrate  or  subrotund,  of 
about  equal  length  and  breadth ;  the  eyes  not  very  strongly  prominent. 
The  body  is  elongate,  subeqnal,  the  thorax  tapering  forward  to  a  greater  or 
less  degree.  The  legs  moderately  stout,  the  hind  fomora  strongly  incras- 
satcd, and  on  the  outer  half  of  their  inferior  surface  armed  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly with  spines.  These,  unfortunately,  are  not  shown  in  the  drawings 
of  either  of  the  species. 

Tabh  of  theaptciesof  Vacali/diis. 

Species  of  largo  size  (more  than  eleven  millimeters  long);  head  scarcely  constricted  behind  the  ey^s. 

1.  ('.  lapsus. 
Species  of  moderate  size  (less  than  uiue  millimeters  long);  head  strongly  constricted  behind  tlie  eyes. 

2.  C.  exstirpatus. 

1.  Cacalydus  lapsus. 

PI.  25,  Fig.  12. 

A  large  species,  of  which  unfortunately  but  a  single  specimen  is  at 
hand.  Intraocular  space  of  the  head  scarcely  equaling  one-half  the 
width  of  the  head,  the  surface  rather  coarsely,  faintU',  and  transversely 
corrugate,  not  consti'icted  in  the  least  behind  the  eyes,  so  that  there  is  no 
neck  at  the  junction  of  the  head  and  thorax.  Tliorax  subquadrate,  a  little 
broader  than  long,  tapering  but  gently,  the  surface  nearly  smooth.     Fore 


420 


THltTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOllTU  AMEUICA. 


femora  with  a  median  lonjritiulinal  carina,  not  very  prominent,  middle  and 
hind  femora  nnicJi  enhir},'ed,  the  hind  pair  with  delicate  spines  on  only  the 
a])ical  liiilf  of  the  inferior  snrface. 

Lenffth,  12.4""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.3""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1.508  of  tlie  Princeton  Collection. 

2.  Cacalydus  exstirpatus. 
ri.  25,  Fig.  3. 

Head  subrotund,  of  about  equal  lenfrth  and  breadth,  distinctly  con- 
stricted behind  the  eyes  so  as  to  form  with  the  rapidly  taperin<^  thora.x  a 
distinct  neck ;  intraocular  part  of  the  head  three-fourths  the  width  of  the 
whole  ;  the  surface  coarsely  {granulate.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  fully  one-third 
as  broad  ag'ain  at  base  as  at  apex,  not  very  coar.sely  jfranulose.  Legs 
rather  slender,  the  middle  femora  agreeiii;^'  l)etterwith  the  fore  femora  than 
with  the  hind ;  the  hind  femora  nuich  swollen,  armed  on  the  inferior  sur- 
face at  and  a  little  beyond  the  middle  with  six  or  seven  large,  coarse,  irregu- 
lar, flattened,  spinous  detiticiilations ;  the  basal  third  of  the  same  femora 
lighter  colored  than  the  rest  of  the  femur. 

Length  of  body,  7.25  "'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2™". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  G62S,  1()70I>,  12102,  UJ.'Ul. 


IP  • 


2.  CYDAMrS  Stal. 

This  genus  comprises,  as  far  as  known,  only  four  or  five  tropical  and 
subtropical  American  species.  Tlie  one  whicii  we  here  add  from  Florissant 
can  be  jilaced  here  oidy  provisionally,  as  it  does  not  agree  in  many  striking 
features  with  the  modern  forms.  In  particular  tiie  l)()dy  is  more  robust, 
not  slender  and  elongate,  as  in  the  modern  types.  With  this  exception,  it 
has  never  been  recognized  in  a  fossil  state. 

CyUAMUS  KOliUSTUS. 
ri.  20,  Fig.  .J. 
Head  anil  thorax  similarly,  delicately,  and  equaldy  granulate,  unle.ss 
the  granuhitioits  are  cfiarser  next  tlie  base  of  the  tlxM'ax.  Tli(»rax  a  little 
shorter  than  broad,  tapering  rather  rapidly  to  the  apex,  wiiicli  is  not  so 
broad  as  tlu;  head,  the  eyes  included,  but  broader  than  the  intraocular  part 
of  the  head ;  outer  posterior  angles  produced  to  a  long,  tapering  spine 


11  EM  I PT  E  R  A— UETF  ItOPTEll  A— COIIEID  ^i.  42 1 

directed  equally  backward  and  cutward,  not  properly  represented  on  the 
plate ;  the  hinder  margin  slopes  backward  to  aid  in  forming  the  spine, 
immediately  the  limits  of  the  scutellum  are  past.  On  the  scutellum  the 
granulations  become  more  or  l^ss  transverse  corrugations,  es^jccially  toward 
the  apex,  but  I  can  detect  no  scutellar  spine.  Ilemelytra  extending  a  little 
beyond  the  abdomen,  with  the  corium  and  clavus  dark  brownish  fuliginous, 
rather  distantly  punctate  with  white  in  linear  rows ;  membrane  very  pale 
fuliginous,  pallid  next  the  apex  of  the  corium. 

Length  of  body,  not  including  the  hemelytra,  5.75""";  homelytra, 
4.5"""  ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7856. 

3.  PARODARMISTUS  gen.  nov.  (Trdpn?,  Darmistus,  nom.  gen.). 

Related  to  Darmistus  Stt^l,  but  differing  from  it  in  the  length  of  the 
last  antenntal  joint,  which  is  no  longer  than  either  of  the  two  preceding ; 
the  antennaj  are  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body ;  the  basal 
joint  is  moderately  stout,  short,  projecting  but  little  beyond  the  front  of 
the  head,  the  remaining  joints  subequal,  the  last  very  gently  and  slightly 
incrassated,  but  not  longer  than  the  second,  rarely  longer  Hian  the  third 
and  then  but  slightly.  Head  and  thorax  of  auboqual  length,  the  head 
rounded  or  subquadrate,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth ;  tlie  thorax 
subquadrate,  scarcely  narrower  at  apex  than  at  base,  yet  never  longer  than 
broad.  Ilemelytra  just  re.,.ching  the  end  of  the  abdomen,  the  two  principal 
veins  of  the  membrane  forming  a  median  loop,  its  apex  just  before  the 
center  of  the  membrane,  and  from  which  radiate  at  tolerably  regular  dis- 
tances six  or  seven  etpial  or  subequal  forks.  Hind  femora  slender  and 
smooth,  hind  tibiii;  delicately  spinous. 

Six  species  occur  in  the  Tertiary  shales  of  America,  all  from  Floris- 
sant. 

Tahh  of  the  species  of  Paroilarmistua. 

Thorax  about  equally  granulate  tliroiigliont. 

Hind  foinorn  twico  as  long  as  tlio  width  of  the  thorax 1.  P.  abtciasua. 

Jlind  fmimra  lcs»  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  width  of  the  thorax 2.  P.  cadiicui. 

Thorax  with  the  posterior  lobe  very  distinctly  more  coarsely  granulate  than  the  anterior. 

Thorax  scarcely  broader  than  long a.  /'.  colHaiis. 

Thorax  considerably  broader  than  long.  * 

Thorax  about  half  as  broad  again  as  long. 

Eyes  of  moderate  size,  not  prominent;  head  and  thorax  subequal  in  length  ..4.  P.  dcfcctut. 
Eyes  very  large  and  prominent ;  head  considerably  longer  than  the  thorax. 

5.  P.  cxanimatus. 
Thorax  twice  ns  broad  again  as  long 6.  P.  inhibitui. 


HtaN 


422 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  A.MKUICA. 


• 


1.  PaU01»4KMI8TU8    AH8CISSU8. 

U(i(ly  iiiucli  olongati'd  and  Hlendor,  Head  slij^litly  longer  tlian  broad, 
broadi'st  at  tlio  posterior  margin  of  tlio  eyes,  l)cliind  which  tlio  liead  in 
somewhat  stron;;ly  contracted ;  eyes  pretty  hirge,  not  very  prominent. 
Anteiina>  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  very  slender;  surfaco 
of  head  not  very  coarsel\-  but  very  considerably  granulate,  with  a  tond- 
eticy  toward  a  transverse  disposition  of  the  granules.  Thorax  sulxpuul- 
rate,  .scarcely  narrower  apically  than  basally,  at  the  apex  as  broad  as  the 
head,  including  the  eyes;  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  somewhat  rounded ; 
surface  like  that  <tf  the  head  granulate,  e(pudly  fine  throughout,  with  no 
distinction  between  the  anterior  and  po.sterior  portions.  Hind  femora  very 
long,  gradually  enlarging  from  base  to  apex,  but  scarcely  stouter  at  the 
broadest  than  the  middle  femora,  almost  as  long  as  the  antenna*.  Head 
and  thorax  piceou.s,  legs  dusky  fuliginous. 

Length  of  body,  7.2ry""' ;  hind  fen.ora,  3.25""" ;  breadth  of  thorax, 
1.5™"' ;  abdomen,  2.2""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  12100. 

2.  Pakoiukmistus  CADt'crs. 

Body  slender  but  not  greatly  elongated ;  head  of  about  equal  length 
and  breadth,  tho  front  well  rounded  between  the  antoniuv,  constricted  behind 
the  eyes,  which  are  modtTiitely  large,  not  very  ])rominent.  Antennju  about 
half  as  long  as  the  body,  or  a  little  more  than  that,  moderately  slender,  the 
second  and  third  joints  a  little  larger  apically  than  at  the  base,  the  last  joint 
gently  incrassated  and  fusiform.  Thorax  sulxjuadrate,  a  little  broader  than 
long,  like  tlie  head  granulate  ecjually  throughout,  with  no  di.stinction 
between  the  anterior  and  posterior  portions.  All  tho  femora  subequal,  tho 
hind  femora  very  m\.A\  shorter  than  the  antennaj.  Head  and  thorax  pico- 
ous,  legs  fusco-fuliginous. 

Length  of  body,  G""";  l)readth  of  thorax,  1.6"'™;  abdomen,  1.75"'"'; 
length  of  hind  femora,  2.5"""'. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  No.s.  1432,  3358.       • 

•  3.  Parodarmistus  collisu.s. 

ri.  25,  Fig.  13. 
Head  quadrate,  the  front  transverse,  scarcely  advanced  between  the 
antenna; ;  of  nearly  ecpuil  breadth  throughout,  not  constricted  behind  the 


JlEMirii:UA-llKTEKOrTEl{A--(OUUIIU":. 


423 


eycH,  wliicli  iiro  niodemtoly  Inrgo  and  vory  promlnont ;  Hurfaco  dolicatoly 
f^mmilnte.  Tliorux  Hcarcoly  hroiidcr  tliaii  long,  Htilxjiiadratc,  at  tlie  j  ox 
of  till!  saiiH!  width  as  tlio  liwid,  tlio  lat(;ral  angles  rectangular,  tlio  poHtorior 
lobo  coarsely,  tlio  anterior  lobo  scarcely,  granulate.  Ilenielytra  reaching 
the  oxtreniity  of  the  abdomen ;  coriiun  and  clavns  blackish  fuliginous,  with 
the  HUtura  clavi  marked  by  a  broad  pallid  stripe  which  broadens  at  the 
costal  niargin  to  a  large  triangular  spot;  membrane  \m\ii  ftiliginous,  the 
veins  infuscated,  a  moderately  large,  trapezoidal,  pallid  spot  next  the  apex 
of  tho  coriuni.     Legs  dark  fuliginous,  uniform. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  l.S"'";  abdomen,  2.7""'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  12778. 

4.  Parodarmistus  okfectus. 

Head  subquadrangular,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  about  as  long  as 
the  thorax,  the  sides  straight,  the  front  broadly  angulato,  surface  delicately 
granulate,  eyes  rather  small,  not  very  j)rominent.  Antenna)  rather  more 
than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  slender,  the  last  joint  delicately  incrassated 
and  fusiform.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  tapering  slightly  from  base  to  apex,  the 
apex  being  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  base,  tho  whole  about  half  as 
hroad  again  as  long,  the  apex  about  as  broad  as  the  intraocular  part  of  the 
head,  the  apical  nuirgin  slightly  and  gently  ennxrginato ;  the  surface  of  the 
anterior  lol)e  nearly  smooth,  of  the  posterior  coarsely  granulate  like  the 
scutellum  ;  veins  of  tho  corium  of  the  hemelytra  coarsely  granulate.  Head 
and  thorax  blackish  fuscous,  tho  anterior  lobo  of  the  thorax  a  little  lighter; 
the  legs  fusco-fuliginous. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2""". 

Florissant.    Throe  specimens,  Nos.  5121,  9428,  9941. 

5.  Parodarmistus  exanimatks. 

Head  rounded,  except  for  the  eyes  broadest  at  the  posterior  edge  of 
the  eyes,  behind  which  it  is  somewhat  constricted,  rather  longer  than  broad, 
longer  than  tho  thorax,  considerably  and  roundly  jjroduced  in  front  of  the 
eyes ;  eyes  large  and  prominent ;  surface  graiudate  ;  antennae  considerably 
more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body.  Thorax  about  half  as  broad  again  as 
long,  shorter  than  the  head,  coarsely  granulate  posteriorly,  delicately  granu- 
late anteriorly,  the  sides  somewhat  full ;    scutellum   coarsely  granulate. 


I  •« 


424 


TKKTIAUY  INrtWVrs  OK  NDItTII  AMKUI(!A. 


!!■' 


Coriuin  of   liouu^lytra  (listiuitly  and  coarrti^ly  pniictutu  aloiifr  tho  voiiiB. 
Iltuul  ami  thorax  Macikisli  fuscctUH ;  tho  \v<^n  very  thirk  tt'stacoouH. 
Length  of  body,  5.7""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  XM""". 
■     P'loriasant.     l<our  Hpocimoiis,  Noh.  772,  KJ39,  6114,  and  porhupn  71)20. 

ii.  Pakodahmihtith  iNiiiiirrirs. 

Iload  very  hirjjo,  tranHvorm*,  roundly  iiiiyiihito  in  front,  Imt  novortho- 
leHH  distinctly  loiif^or  than  broad,  not  contracted  behind  tho  oyoH,  which  are 
very  lar<^o  but  not  very  proniiiicnt ;  surface  ^^ranulato  thnuighout;  tho 
antennie  considerably  more  than  half  iis  loii^''  as  the  body,  '''horax  (juad- 
ranj,'nlar,  transverse,  about  twic^o  as  louf^  as  liroad,  scarcely  tapornif,*  ante- 
riorly, both  bas(t  and  apex  truncate,  tho  whole  surface  j^rannlato,  but  nuich 
nioro  coarsely  l)eliiMd  than  in  front.  Head,  thorax,  and  scntelluni  Idack; 
abdomen  Idackish  fuscous.  to;,''ether  with  most  of  the  corinni  of  tlu*  heino- 
lytra  ;  the  nu'nd)rano  fuli},Mnous  with  a  pallid  area  at  tho  aj)ex  of  tho  corium, 
tho  veins  marked  in  fu.scous;  le^s  blackish  fuscous. 

Length  of  body,  (i.3"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.8""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  /jS'i'J,  83r)fi. 

4.  PliOTKNOR  St.11. 

Thi.s  gonu.s,  of  which  oidy  two  species  are  known,  ono  from  tlio  cen- 
tral Western  States,  tho  other  from  (Central  America,  is  represented  at  Flor- 
issant by  a  single  species,  which  seems  to  agree  tolerabh'  well  gonerically 
with  these.  It  is  to  bo  noticed,  however,  that,  as  frecjuently  seems  to  l)o  tho 
case  with  fossil  forms,  the  anteima'  are  distin(;tly  slutrter  than  in  tho  exist- 
ing types,  and  that  the  fossil  species  agrees  better  in  tho  structure  of  the 
head  and  in  general  size  with  the  Central  American  than  with  tho  Illinois 
species;  it  is  much  smaller  and  stouter  than  the  Illinois  species. 

PkOTENOR    IMHECILLIB. 

PI,  L'«,  Fig.  h. 

Tho  head  of  tho  single  specimen  known  is  somewhat  obscure,  but  is 
half  as  long  again  as  broad,  with  straight  and  parallel  sides  and  rather 
bluntly  angulate  front,  tho  portion  in  front  of  the  antenn.'e  being  equian- 
gular; the  whole  considerably  longer  than  the  thorax,  and  not  constricted 


FIKMIPTKItA— HI-JTKKOl'THKA-COREIDil':. 


425 


poHtoriorly,  l)oiiij,'  m  hroud  at  tlio  biiHo  nH  tlio  apox  of  tlio  thorax ;  antoniijo 
(liHtiiictly  Hliortor  than  tho  body,  tho  firHt  joint  noarly  n»  long  rh  tho  head, 
and  Hcarculy,  if  at  all,  Hhorter  than  tho  Hocond  or  third  joint,  tho  fourth  joint 
gontly  inoraHHatod,  but  «carc,ely  broader  than  tho  othors  and  nlightly  tho 
longest.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  Hcarcoly  longer  than  broad,  gently  narrowing 
from  buHo  to  apex,  the  apex  being  fivo-HixtliH  tho  length  of  tho  base  ;  Hurface 
coarHoly  granulate,  especially  posteriorly.  Homelytra  faintly  puncjtato  in 
linear  series.     Legs  long  aiul  very  slender. 

Length,  8.2.')""";  breadth  of  base  of  thorax,  1..')'""';  length  of  hind 
femora,  .'I  5""". 

FlorissftUt.     One  specimen,  No.  10391. 

5.  TENOR  gen.  nov.  (r*7Va>). 

Hody  robust ;  head  subrotund,  of  about  etpial  length  and  breadth,  the 
eyes  centrally  situated,  small,  globular,  the  front  between  thorn  broadly 
rounded  but  much  advanced,  behind  the  eyes  constricted.  Thorax  several 
times  broader  than  long,  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  head,  strongly 
tapering,  the  apex  as  broad  as  the  intraocular  part  of  tho  head.  Abdomen 
tolerably  full.  Hind  femora  remarkably  slender,  scarcely  longer  than  the 
width  of  tho  body.  ^ 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Tenor  sPELUNCiE. 

Head  uniform  and  coarsely  punctate.  Thorax  similar  but  even  more 
coarse,  uniform  throughout ;  behind  the  prothorax  tho  body  is  nearly  twice 
as  broad  as  tho  head ;  whole  body  blackish  fuscous ;  tho  legs  testaceous. 
Unfortunately  tho  antennas  are  not  present,  and  the  hemelytra  are  too 
obscure  to  say  more  than  that  the  corium  and  clavus  are  rather  finely  punc- 
tate linearly. 

Length  of  body,  7""" ;  breadth  of  head,  1.5""°;  base  of  thorax,  2.6"""; 
abdomen,  2.8"'™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  10227. 

6.  ETIROCORIS  gen.  nov.  (re/po),  Kopti). 

Head  narrow,  long,  and  slender,  the  front  between  the  antennaj  greatly 
prolonged,  so  as  to  reach  beyond  the  apex  of  the  first  antennal  joint ;  the 
antenna)  form  the  most  remarkable  feature ;  the  first  joint  is  moderately 


426 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


stout,  and  does  not  attain  the  extremity  of  the  head,  but  this  is  only  on 
account  of  the  great  prolongation  of  the  same  ;  the  second  joint  is  of  extra- 
ordinary lengtii,  being  about  tw)  and  a  half  times  longer  than  the  basal 
joint,  half  as  long  again  us  the  eloi;gated  head,  and  slightly  longer  than  the 
remaining  joints  together ;  these  are  snbequal,  and  all  the  joints  are  nioder- 
a1  el/ slender,  the  last  slightly  incrassated  if  at  all,  and  bluntly  rounded  at 
the  apex.  Thorax  sliorter  than  the  head  and  rapidly  tapering,  so  tliat  the 
apex  is  only  half  as  long  as  the  base.  Abdomen  rather  stout  with  parallel 
sides.     Legs  unknown. 

A  single  Sj^ecies  is  known. 

Etirocoris  infernalis. 
PI.  20,  FiR.  16. 

The  whole  body  blackish  fuscous,  including  the  antennae ;  surface  of 
the  head  punctate,  like  the  thorax ;  these  two  parts  about  equal  in  length. 
Veins  of  the  corium  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  7.25"=" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3.1""° ;  length  of  antonnae, 
6.3"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  0253. 


r ; 


7.  RHEPOCORIS  gen.  nov.  (peTrai,  uflp,?). 

This  is  the  commonest  form  of  the  Alydiuie  in  Florif^sant,  and  is  a  genus 
of  the  Micrelytraria,  with  unarmed  thorax  and  scutellum  and  t.ipering  tho- 
rax, but  is  remarkable  for  its  spinous  hind  tibia?,  as  well  as  for  the  characteris- 
tics of  the  antenna',  by  which  it  Is  clearly  separated  from  any  modern  t}pcs. 
The  head  is  well  rounded,  of"  about  equal  length  and  breadth  as  viewed  from 
above.  The  antennaj  liave  a  stout  basal  joint  not  half  so  long  as  the  head, 
the  three  succeeding  joints  snbequal,  slender,  the  last  gently  incrassated  and 
fusiform,  corresponding  in  this  respect  with  the  bulk  of  fossil  Alydina;.  The 
thorax  is  trapezoiclal,  perhaps  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and  tapers  with 
.straight  sides,  not  in  the  least  full,  to  the  head,  forming  a  slight  collar.  The 
legs  are  moderately  stout,  the  hind  femora  considerably  longer  than  the 
otVio-."*  and  scarcely  stouter,  the  liind  tibiaj  delicately  but  profusely  spined 
throughout. 

Five  species  occur  at  Florissant, 


HEMirTERA— HETEBOPTERA— COEEIDJE.  427 

Tabh  of  the  tptoUt  of  Khepooorii. 

Head  longer  than  broad ;  hind  legs  long  and  slender. 

LargorandHtoiitor  Hpooies, more  than  8">">  long;  thorax  shorter  than  thd  head  ....1.  B,  praetectui, 

"^inialler  and  sluiidoror  species,  less  than  8"""  long;  thoras  as  long  as  the  head 'i.  R,  »iar'"iioen«. 

Head  broader  than  long ;  bind  legs  less  long, 

Largest  species,  usually  about  H™™  long it.  B.  prn'ralenn. 

Medium  sized  species,  usually  about  (>■""<  long 4.  R.propinquam. 

Smallest  species,  usually  about  4. 5°>"  long 5.  i^  minima. 

1.  RhEPOCORIS    PR.ETECTU8. 

Head  one-fourth  longer  than  broad,  hardly  constricted  behind  the  eyes ; 
surface  rather  coarsely  granulate  with  a  tendency  to  a  transverse  arrange- 
ment. The  thorax  considerably  shorter  tlian  the  head  and  broader  than 
long,  the  apical  margin  more  than  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  basal  margin ; 
the  surface  coarsely  granulate.  Hind  legs  exceptionally  long,  the  femora 
being  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  6  6""";  breadth  of  thorax,  1.4""";  length  of  hind 
femora,  3.2""°. 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  9756,  10645. 

2.  Rhepocoris   MACRESCENS. 

Head  subpentogonal,  broadest  in  advance  of  the  middle  except  for  the 
eyes,  from  this  point  v'apering  gently  backward;  the  front  triangular,  rounded ; 
surface  rather  finely  granulate,  the  antennte  scarroly  more  tliaii  half  as  long 
as  the  body.  Thorax  as  long  as  tho  head  and  slightly  broader  than  long, 
tapering  regularly  from  base  to  ape:^  the  apical  margin  being  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  basal  margin ;  the  surface  finely  granulate  in  front, 
coarsely  behind.  Whole  body  blackish,  hemelytra  blackish  fuscous,  the 
membrane  infumated  with  a  large  triangular  pallid  imtch  at  the  apex  of  the 
coriuni.  Legs  blackish  fuliginous.  The  hind  femora  less  than  half  as  long 
as  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  8.5"'° ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5"'"' ;  length  of  hind  femora, 
3.4'="'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  2158. 

3.  Rhepocoris  utiEVALENs. 

PI.  25,  IMgs.  4,  6,  7,  a,  10,  11,  14,  16;  PI.  2C,  Pig.  11. 

Head  rounded,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  uniformly  and  rather  finely 
granulate,  tho  granulations  on  the  under  surface  of  the  head  showing  a  tend- 


428 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OV  NORT!     AMERICA. 


ency  to  a  transverse  arrangement  into  corrugations.  Antennie  more  than 
lialf  as  long  as  tlie  body,  slender,  and  pale,  the  whole  body  being  black  or 
blackish  fuscous.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  broader  than  long,  as  long  as  the  head, 
tapering  regularly  and  considerably  in  front,  the  apical  margin  being  about 
three-fourths  the  length  of  the  base ;  surface  coarsely  granulate.  Hemelytra 
with  the  corium  and  clavus  blackish  fuliginous,  the  former  just  before  the 
middle  with  a  largo  triangular  pallid  spot  on  the  costal  margin  sending  from 
■  its  apex  a  curved  pallid  shoot  to  the  niembranal  margin ;  membrane  pale 
fuliginous  with  a  large  trapezoidal  pallid  spot  next  the  apex  of  the  corium  on 
the  co.stal  margin  ;  veins  marked  in  fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuliginous,  the  hind 
pair  very  slender,  the  hind  femora  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  hind 
tibia)  delicately  and  profusely  spinous. 

Length,  G.5-8.5"""  ;  average  about  S"". 

T\m  is  the  commonest  of  the  heteropterous  insects  of  Florissant. 

Florissant.  About  one  hundred  and  fifty  specimens,  of  which  some  of 
the  best  are  Nos.  2431,  3257,  .5069,  7102,  8374,  9045,  9170,  11211,  11217, 
12081,  12087,  and  of  the  Princeton  collection,  1.335  and  1.712. 

4.  Rhepocobis  propinquans. 

PI.  25,  Fig.  1;  PI.  26,  Fig.  13. 

In  studying  the  species  of  I^'">i)ocoris  I  discovered  that  they  were 
naturally  subdivided  into  three  grou])s  according  to  their  size,  and  that  it  was 
not  often  that  there  was  any  doubt  into  which  of  the  three  groups  any  given 
individual  would  fall.  I  Iiave  accordingly  separated  the  present  sjjecies 
from  those  on  either  side  of  it,  though  I  can  give  no  characters  at  all  except 
those  of  size.  In  a  few  instances  there  may  be  doubt  into  which  of  the  two 
species,  this  and  the  preceding,  any  given  individual  may  fall,  inasmuch  as 
the  range  of  form  comes  close  together,  and  it  may  be  that  these  two  .should 
be  considered  as  one  and  the  same  species.  IJut  I  have  thought  it  be.st 
under  the  circumstances,  juid  in  the  hope  of  being  able  by  more  careful 
study  to  separate  the  forms  on  other  characteristics  than  that  of  mere  size, 
to  keej)  the  two  apart,  at  least  provisionally.  In  each  of  these  two  forms 
the  individuals  may  be  separated  as  slenderer  and  stouter,  which  I  regard 
as  probably  the  two  sexes,  as  they  secjm  to  differ  in  no  other  constant  char- 
acter that  can  be  seen  in  their  state  of  preservation. 


HEMIPTBEA— HETEBOrTEEA— COREIDiB. 


429 


In  the  present  species  the  length  varies  from  5.5  to  6.5""",  the  average 
being  about  6""'. 

Florissant.  About  eighty  specimens,  of  which  some  of  the  best  pre- 
served are  Nos.  5002,  6652,  6980,  8467,  9276,  9585,  10033,  10263,  11015, 

11212,  13307. 

5.  Rhepocoris  minima. 

See  tho  proceeding  species  for  some  remarks  on  this.  This  small  spe- 
cies appears  to  be  also  relatively  rather  stouter  than  the  others,  but  other- 
wise it  can  hardly  be  said  to  differ  in  any  characters  which  may  be  seized 
upon.  It  does  not  appear,  however,  that  the  hemelytra  are  so  distinctly 
marked  as  appears  to  bo  ordinarily  the  case  in  tho  others,  and  this,  when 
better  specimens  are  found,  may  serve  more  readily  to  distinguish  it  from 
them. 

Length,  4.5-5.5"'" ;  the  breadth  can  not  bo  readily  given  as  all  the 
specimens  are  preserved  upon  their  side. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  3854,  6029,  11755,  11763. 

8.  ORTIIRIOCORISA  gen.  nov.  {opdpio?,  nopt?). 

An  elegant  genus  of  Microlytraria,  not  far  removed  from  Darmistus  Stal 
and  apparently  near  Acostra  Dall,  from  which  it  differs  totally  in  tho  form  of 
tho  front  of  tho  head.  It  is  long  and  slender  in  form.  Head  well  rounded, 
a  little  elongate,  the  front  scarcely  produced  in  advance  of  the  antennae, 
rounded,  or  perhaps  a  little  angulate ;  eyes  moderately  small,  seated  in 
the  middle  of  the  sides  of  the  head ;  antenna3  very  long  and  slender,  the 
first  nuich  longer  than  the  head,  nearly  or  (piite  as  long  as  the  thorax, 
slender  on  tho  basal  half,  gently  incrassato  and  subfuslform  on  the  apical 
half;  the  second  and  third  joints  are  exceedingly  slender,  tlio  third  as  long 
as  the  first  and  slightly  enlarged  at  the  extreme  truncate  tip,  the  second 
a  little  shorter;  unfortunately  tho  fourth  joint  is  not  preserved;  if  as  long 
as  the  third  joint  tho  whole  would  bo  still  considerably  shorter  than  the 
body  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  hind  femora  and  tibijxi  together.  Thoi'ax 
considerably  longer  than  the  head,  tapering  toward  the  apex  with  no  lateral 
spines.  Legs  long  and  very  slender,  tho  hind  femora  scarcely  incrassated 
and  both  they  and  the  tibiiu  totally  unarmed,  the  femora  longer  than  the 
tibia%  the  latter  about  as  h»ng  as  head  and  thorax  together;  the  length  of 
the  first  tarsal  joint  about  ocjuals  that  of  the  other  two  together. 
A  single  species  is  known. 


480 


TEltTlAUY  INSECTS  OP  NOETH  AMERICA. 


i! 


Obtiibiocorisa  lonoipes. 
PI.  26,  Fig.  1. 

A  single  remarkably  well  preserved  specimen  lies  upon  its  side  on  a 
very  fragile  sheet  of  shale.  The  general  color  is  a  dark,  sometimes,  and 
especially  on  the  less  solid  parts,  a  light,  testaceous.  The  head  seems  to  be 
smooth  except  for  here  and  there  a  small  granule  ;  the  rostrum  shows  only 
the  central  black  needle  which  reaches  the  mesostethium.  The  thorax  is 
rather  heavily  and  pretty  closely  punctate,  and  the  corium  of  the  hemelytra 
similarly  punctate  in  serial  rows  along  the  course  of  the  veins.  The  state 
of  preservation  is  poorer  posteriorly,  so  that  the  length  of  the  abdomen 
can  not  be  accurately  told,  but  it  appears  to  extend  beyond  the  reach  of  the 
hind  femora. 

Length  of  body  (partly  estimated),  11°"" ;  basal  joint  of  antenna;,  2""°; 
hind  femora,  4.75""". 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  8604. 


■I 
,i 

I 


Subfamily  PSEUnOPHI.CEINA  StSl. 

This  rather  limited  subfamily  is  much  better  developed  in  the  Old  than 
the  New  World.  In  the  United  States  but  a  couple  of  genera  occur,  each 
with  a  single  species,  and,  in  the  Biologia  Centrali  Americana,  Distant 
records  but  three  genera,  each  witii  a  single  species.  Yet,  although  never 
detected  in  the  European  rocks,  Florissant  yields  an  extinct  genus  allied  to 
one  found  in  Central  America,  and  it  is  well  represented  there,  as  will  be 
seen  immediately  below. 

HEEKIA  gen.  nov. 

Allied  to  Arenocoris  but  with  second  and  third  antennal  joints  subequal. 
Of  our  native  forms  it  approaches  nearest  to  Scolopocerus  Uhl.,  if  the  Mex- 
ican species  descril)ed  by  Distant  lie  included  therein,  but  the  structure  of 
the  antenna'  again  is  different.  The  body  is  of  a  more  or  less  oval  shape, 
the  l)ro'>der  end  posterior.  Head  n)oderately  small,  rounded,  of  abotit 
ecpial  length  and  breadth,  the  front  between  the  antenna'  never  greatly, 
si>nu'times  scarcely,  advanced ;  antenna;  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the 
body,  the  basal  joiflt  stout,  cylindrical,  about  as  long  as  the  head, 
the  second    and   third  joints   subequal,   long,   slender,   and    sometimes, 


IJEMIPTEllA— HETEROPTERA -COBEIDJ!}.  431 

especially  the  third,  enlarging  apically  where  truncate ;  last  joint  long  oval, 
scarcely  moio  than  one-third  as  long  as  the  third,  nearly  or  quite  as  stout 
as  the  basal.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  the  apical  margin  of  the  breadth  of  the 
head,  the  basal  fully  half  as  broad  again,  the  sides  more  or  less  rounded. 
Henielytra  large,  covering  the  abdomen,  except  possibly  the  sides  in  the 
broadest  species,  tlie  corium  reaching  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the 
abdomen.  All  the  species  have  heavily  granulate  thorax,  tlie  last  joint  of 
the  antennae  more  or  less  granulate,  and  the  corium  of  hemelytra  coarsely 
punctate. 

The  genus  is  named  in  memory  of  Oswald  Heer,  of  Switzerland,  the 
principal  student  of  fossil  insects  in  the  last  generation. 

Three  species  are  known,  all  from  Florissant. 

To  We  of  the  $pecies  of  Ileeria, 

Huad  broadly  rounded  between  the  antennie. 

Body  ample,  much  lens  than  twice  m  long  tts  broad 1.  ff.  gulosa. 

Body  loss  ample,  twice  as  long  as  bruad 2.  H,  lapidosa. 

Head  angularly  produced  between  the  autennai 3.  H.fceda. 


1.  Heeria  gulosa. 
PL  27,  Figs.  5,  12,  18 ;  PI.  28,  Fig.  17. 

Whole  body  tole!~'  ly  uniforni  blackish  fuscous,  the  lateral  incisures 
of  the  abdomen  paler.  Head,  whole  of  first,  apical  extremity  of  second  and 
third,  and  basal  two-thirds  of  fourth  joint  of  antennae  finely  granulate,  these 
parts  in  the  antennae  blackish,  the  other  parts  of  the  middle  joints  of  the 
antennas  pale  testaceous  and  faintly  granulate,  the  apical  third  of  the  fourth 
joint  smooth  and  blackish  fuliginous ;  front  of  head  between  the  antennae 
broadly  rounded,  scarcely  advanced,  not  at  all  ungulate.  Thorax  heavily 
gramilatc,  aliiiost  twice  as  broad  on  the  basal  as  on  the  apical  margin, 
and  fully  twice  as  broad  as  long.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  heavily  and 
irregularly  punctate.  Abdomen  broad  and  full,  about  half  as  broad  again 
as  the  base  of  the  thorax. 

Length  of  body,  9.15'"'";  antenna),  4.8""";  breadth  of  base  of  thorax, 
3.3.')""" ;  middle  of  abdomen,  5'"". 

Florissant.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  789,  1977,  4269,  6151,  11773,  and 
of  the  Princeton  Collection,  1.560  and  1.802,  1.831. 


Ml 


432  TERTIAltY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEKICA. 

2.  IIeekia  lapiuosa. 
n.  27,  Figs.  3,  19. 

In  color  this  species  entirely  resembles  the  preceding  both  as  to  body 
and  antennaj.  The  head  and  first  joint  of  antenna;  are  here  as  coarsely 
granulate  as  the  thorax,  while  the  other  joints  of  the  antenna;  resemble 
those  of  the  last  species ;  the  front  of  the  head  is  as  there.  The  thorax  is 
perhaps  a  trifle  longer  than  in  II.  gulosa  and  has  straighter  sides,  but  other- 
wise does  not  differ.  The  hemelytra  are  similarly  punctate.  The  main 
difference  is  to  be  found  in  the  abdomen,  which,  though  full,  is  not  nearly 
so  full  as  ii:  the  preceding  species,  the  breadth  being  scarcely  half  the 
length  of  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  8.5""" ;  antenna;,  4.5""" ;  breadth  at  base  of  thorax, 
3.25""" ;  at  middle  of  abdomen,  4""". 

Florissant.     Eleven  specimens,  Nos.  1648,  1884,  3767,  4617,  5703, 

5!)65,  804!),   12241,  14179  and  14197,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collection, 

1.804,  1.817. 

3.  Heeria  fceda. 

In  color  like  the  other  spocies.  Head  scarcely  granulate,  the  front 
between  the  antonnju  advanced  angularly  by  half  the  lengtli  of  the  first 
antennal  joint  to  less  than  a  right  angle,  the  angle  rounded.  Antennie 
throughout  slenderer  than  in  the  other  species,  and  shorter,  scarcely  in  the 
least  granulate  anywhere.  Thorax  coar.sely  granulate,  the  base  a  third 
longer  tiian  the  apex,  less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long.  Hemelytra  rather 
distantly  punctate.     Abdomen  much  as  in  II.  lapidosa. 

Length  of  body,  8""" ;  antenuic,  3.25'"™ ;  breadth  at  base  of  thorax, 
2.7""" ;  at  middle  of  abdomen,  4"'"'. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  3097,  7874,  7974.     ' 

Subfamily   CORIZIDA   M:iyr. 

A  few  fossil  forms  have  l^een  refer  id  to  this  group,  not  very  abundant 
in  species  at  the  present  day.  Tiio  most  prolific  gemis  in  either  Old  or 
New  World  is  Corizu.s,  to  which  all  the  four  species  from  the  American 
Tertiaries  descrilted  below  are  referred.  Tiie  only  described  European 
form  is  one  from  Oeiiiiigen  referred  by  Heer  to  an  extinct  genus,  Ilarmos- 
tites ;  Corizus,  however,  is  said  to  occur  at  Aix,  but,  as  I  shall  point  out 
below,  its  reference  hero  is  doubtful. 


i 


HEMIPTERA— HETEROrTERA— COREID^.  433 

CORIZUS  Fallt^n. 

Two  fossil  species  liavo  already  been  referred  to  this  genus,  both  from 
Aix.  One,  liowever,  as  shown  by  Heer,  belongs  rather  with  Pachynierua, 
and  the  other  is  merely  indicated  as  being  half  the  size  of  Therapha 
hyoscyanii  of  Europe.  In  America  the  genus  is  best  developed  within 
the  tropics,  but  has  abundant  representatives  in  the  United  States.  Three 
of  the  Florissant  Heteroptera  appear  to  fall  within  its  limits,  and  a  Green 
I4lver  species,  which  I  formerly  took  for  a  Reduvius,  appears  also  to  belong 
here. 

Table  of  the  apeolet  of  Corizus, 

Without  an  iuterriipted  serien  of  lateral  HpotH. 

.SiiialU'i'  formH,  not  exccediuj;  tivu  niillinietor8  in  lenKtli 1.  C.  celaUis. 

Larger  forms,  exceeding  six  iiiiliinieterH  in  length. 

Body  relatively  Htont,  altoit  tliree  tiineH  as  long  as  bioud 2.  C.  ahdilirun. 

Body  relatively  slender,  nearly  fonr  times  its  long  an  broud 3.  C.  somiiiiniiii. 

An  interrupted  series  of  lateral  spots 4.  C.  gtitlaliis. 

1.    COKIZU.S    CKLATUS. 

PI.  27,  Fiff.  15. 

Head  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  the  eyes  a  little  broader  than  the 
apex  of  the  thorax,  subtriangular,  the  front  angularly  produced  between  the 
antenna',  the  basal  joint  of  which  seems  barely  to  surpass  the  apex  of  the 
front ;  the  remaining  joints  slen:^^r.  Thorax  half  as  broad  again  as  long, 
tapering  forward  with  slightly  ampliated  sides,  the  front  margin  gently  and 
broadly  emarginate,  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  base,  the  surface 
densely  and  sharply  ])unctate,  and  a  faiiit  sign  of  ji  median  sulcation. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen, 
clear  excepting  along  the  finely  punctate  principal  veins  and  near  the  outer 
apex,  which  is  wholly  clouded.  Abdomen  dark,  with  broad  premarginal 
pale  lateral  l)ands. 

Length,  5"'™  •  breadth  of  thorax,  1.9""". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  No.s.  I9r)2,  (5369.  14205. 

2.    CoRIZUS   ABDITIVUS. 
PI.  25,  Fig;.  5 ;  PI.  26,  Fig.  4. 

Body  relatively  stout,  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  head 
rounded,  hardly  subtriangular,  considerably  broader  than  the  apex  of  the 
thorax,  the  front  roundly  i)roduced  between  the  antennre,  the  basal  joint  of 

VOL  XIII 28 


• 


434 


TEUTrARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


which  consitlerahly  surpnsseH  the  apex  of  tlio  front ;  the  second  and  third 
joints  of  untenniv  of  equal  diameter  and  very  slender,  the  last  joint  a  little 
incrnssate<l ;  surface  of  head  densely  and  finely  punctate.  Thorax  trape- 
zoidal, narrowing  rapidly,  punctate  like  the  head.  Ileniolytra  more  coarsely 
punr-tate  along  the  veins  of  the  corium,  which  reaches  barely  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  abdomen  and  is  infuscated,  while  the  membrane  is  nearly 
clear.  Abdomen  oval,  the  sides  sliglitly  am})liated.  The  figure  on  Plate  26 
poorly  rej)resents  the  species. 

Length,  l.S""";  antenna-,  4.1""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2""";  abdome*, 
2.65"'"'. 

Florissant,     Four  specimens,  Nos.  3247,  .')7ir),  8544,  14207. 

3.  CORIZITS   SOMNURNUS. 

Body  very  slender,  being  nearly  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  sides 
parallel.  Head  rounded,  subtri.angnlar,  scarcely  broader  than  the  apex  of 
the  thorax,  fully  as  long  as  broad,  the  surface  punctate.  The  antennte 
very  long  and  slender,  the  first  joint  clearly  surpas.sing  the  apex  of  the 
front.  Thorax  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  tapering  gentJy,  with 
scarceh  ampliated  sides,  the  front  margin  broadly,  roundly,  and  deeply 
einarginate,  the  apex  fully  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  base  ;  surface  punctate. 
Hemolytra  as  in  the  jjreceding  species,  but  the  membrane  distinctly  infu- 
mated.  Legs  long  and  slender,  the  hind  femora  with  a  very  slight  posterior 
fringe  of  minute  short  denticulations,  on  which  account  one  would  be 
inclined  to  place  it  in  Harmostes,  l)ut  the  denticulations  do  not  take  on  the 
form  of  spines,  but  are  more  like  serrations. 

Length,  including  the  closed  hemelytra,  ,'>..')""" ;  antenna-,  4"'"';  hind 
femora,  2.4""";  breadth  of  body,  LS"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  14193. 

4.  CoKIZUa   (JUTTATUS. 

PI.  7,  FiR.  11. 

iferfuriiM?  giiltntim  Scmld.,  Bull.  \'.  S.  G«ol.  Ceoni.  .Siirv.  T.Ti.,  IV,  T71  (1878). 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  found,  one  with  reverse,  by 
Mr.  Richardson,  the  other  by  myself.  Mr.  Richardson's  specimen  is  very 
ol)scnre  and  distorted,  and  without  the  aid  of  the  other  could  not  have  been 
determined.  The  in.sect  probably  belongs  to  Oorizus,  or  at  all  events  falls 
in   its  inunediate  vicinity.     All  parts  are  rather  obsciure,  but  the  head  evi- 


IlKMIPTKKA— HBTKROPTEBA— PENTATOMII);i5. 


435 


(lently  tapers  iiiid  is  roundly  pointed  in  front,  tlie  tliorax  narrows  gently 
from  behind  forward,  and  is  nearly  as  long  as  hroad ;  the  Hcutollum  is 
rather  small,  triangular,  the  apex  bent  at  a  right  angle  and  rounded.  The 
abdomen  is  ovate,  twice  as  long  as  broud.  The  species  is  marked  with 
round,  dark  s[)ot8,  about  0.2"""  in  diameter,  on  either  side,  one  at  ..e  outer 
edge  of  the  front  of  each  abdominal  segment,  and  one  in  the  middle  of  either 
transverse  half  of  the  thoici:',  a  little  removed  from  the  outer  border;  the 
anterior  ones  half-way  between  the  border  and  the  middle  line.  The  whole 
surface  a])pears  to  hv  very  minutely  granulated.  The  tegmina  can  not  be 
seen. 

Length  of  body,  r)!)""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.4"'"';  of  abdomen,  1.6r)"'"'. 

From  its  form  I  forn)erly  referred  the  insect  doubtfully  to  Reduvius, 
but  its  size  alone  would  preclude  such  a  reference. 

Green  River,  \V\oniing.  Two  speciniens,  Nos.  !)"  and  96*  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson),  4070  (S.  11.  Scudder). 


Family  PENTATOMIDyE  Stephens. 

This  family  has  always  held  the  first  j)lace  among  Ileteroptera  in  Ter- 
tiary deposits,  l)ut  with  the  publication  of  this  volume  its  place  is  disputed 
by  the  Lygii'ida'.  This  is  due  not  oidy,  though  jjrincipally,  to  the  excep- 
tional abundance  of  the  Lygieida'  at  Florissant,  but  also  to  the  rather  meager 
l)roportion  of  the  Pentatomida,  as  will  appear  below.  In  European  deposits 
only  a  single  species  is  known  from  amber,  while  fifty  have  been  exhumed 
from  the  i*ock  deposits.  They  represent  onl}-  four  of  the  nine  subfamilies, 
and  the  great  majoritA'  belong  to  the  two  subfamilies  Cydnida  and  Penta- 
tomida, the  former  with  sixteen  species  referred  to  four  genera,  the  latter 
with  twenty-five  species  referred  to  six  genera  The  other  subfamilies  rep- 
resented are  the  Scutellerina  with  five  species  of  two  genera,  Pachycoris 
and  Tetyra,  both  at  Oeningen,  and  the  Acanthosomina  with  four  species  of 
two  genera,  Acanthosoma  and  Phla'ocoris,  both  at  liadoboj.  Besides  these 
a  Pentatoma  is  reported  from  Greenland  and  a  Cydnus  from  New  South 
Wales.  The  American  forms  here  brought  to  notice  represent  only  the  sub- 
families Cydnida  and  Pentatomida,  but  in  reverse  jjroportion  to  what  appears 
in  FiUrope,  the  Cydnida  l»eing  very  well  represented  by  twenty-four  species 
of  six  genera,  nearly  all  of  them  by  a  number  of  individuals,  and  one  by  a 
great  niany,  the  Pentatoniida  on  the  contrary  by  only  thirteen  species  of 


430 


TRirriAiiY  iNHK(rrH  of  noutii  amkrica. 


ten  jfoiiom,  1111(1  of  oiicli  of  tlicso  HpocioH  uumi  than  ii  siiii>l»(  (•xiiiii|)l««  lias 
rnroly  boon  found.  Wliilo  tlioroforo  tlio  prevalent.  Hnl»familios  arc  tlio  Hanio 
n»i  *l|..  ti'-,,  fontinonts,  one  has  soiircely  hiilf  as  many  reprosontativeH  in 
Anierioft  as  in  Knropo,  while  the  other  hiis  half  as  many  more. 

A  very  strikin;,''  pcH-iiliarity  is  found  in  the  Amerionn  IVntatonjidio  as 
n  whole,  whether  Cydnitla  or  1  Vntatomida.  In  livin;;'  forms  the  vast  majority 
have  u  lonj;  scutelhnn  n^nohiiiff  heyond  tho  middle  of  th(!  abdomen,  ami 
liavp  the  tip  produced,  formin;^  a  parallel-sided  apical  l(il)u.  In  tho  Ameri- 
can Tertiary  forms,  .so  far  as  yet  known,  with  only  a  sinfjle  exception,  no 
Huch  apical  lobt*  exists,  but  the  Hcutellum  ends  with  an  anjjfular  apex,  some- 
times a  little  roiniiled,  Imt  the  sides  perfectly  straijjht  and  confluent  at  least 
in  the  apical  half:  besides  which,  or  perhaps  partly  as  a  consetpionce,  the 
scntellum  does  not  roach  farther  than,  sometiinos  does  not  attain,  the  middle 
of  the  abdomen.  It  lias  soomod  necessary  thorefon^o  establish  a  consid- 
erable numl)or  of  new  jfoneric  <jroups  to  emltraco  tlicse  remarkalde  forms. 
To  jiid;?o  from  tho  illustrations  <riven  by  lleor  the  same  thin;^  would  seem 
to  bo  true  of  at  least  a  few  of  tin;  Knropoan  Tertiary  I'ontatomida,  espo- 
ciallv  of  those  from  Riidoboj,  and  it  would  bo  very  desirable  to  institute 
direct  comjjarisons  between  specimens  from  the  two  continents. 

In  ourfjoneral  remarks  in  tho  introduction  to  tluf  Ileteroptera  we  called 
attention  to  tlie  close  relation  which  existed  between  tho  proporti(»nal 
a^Mni<lanc(?  (in  the  number  of  specific  forms)  of  the  four  ])rincipal  families 
of  Ileteroptera  in  Tertiary  times,  and  tlie  same  in  the  existin<jf  fainia  of  the 
selfsame  rejj;ion  A  furtlier  illustration,  l)Ut  even  more  exafi'^rorated,  appears 
bv  usinjr  the  same  jjuidos  in  comparin'''  the  relative  nmnbersof  the(  'vdnida 
and  I'ontatomida,  the  oidy  two  subfamilies  of  Pentatomidie  known  to  exist 
in  our  Tertiarv  deposits  and  so  capable  of  comparison.  In  Disfant's  work 
the  Cydnida  number  about  one-sixth  of  the  total  nitinber  of  Cydnida  and 
Pentatomida ;  in  IJhIor's  f^oiieral  list,  one-seventh;  in  his  western  list,  ono- 
fourtli ;  the  iiicreasinj^  number  thus  shown  in  the  region  where  the  fo.ssils 
occur  is  vastly  exa^'j^erated  in  their  relative  representation  in  tho  n^jks, 
this  beinfjf  two-thirds  the  whole. 


Sublivmily   CYDNIDA   Stal. 

Tiiis  siiljt'amily  is  well  represented  in  the  European  Tertiaries.  and  is 
indicated  as  occurring  al.so  in  th(!  Australian  Tertiaries.  All  of  th  Euro- 
pean  species  are  from  \\w  rocks  (none  from  anil)er),  and  most  have  been 


IlKMll'THUA— IlKTHUOPTEUA— l'KNTATl)Mll)J5.  487 

rofc'iTod  to  two  (listiiuit  ^roimru,  Cytlnoprtia  with  olovoii  M]wci('rt  from  ( Joiiin- 
gim,  Itailoltoj,  iiiid  Aix,  mid  Noiirocoris  witli  two  tVoin  liiidtd)oj.  (JydmiH 
Ih  i'opr(!si'iitn(l  l)y  ii  npurio.s  at  Ooniii^^mi  and  aiiothor  at  Aix,  and  Hracliy- 
pulta  one  at  Krottinini'o.  Noitlior  of  those  extinct  j^enoric  typos  occurs  in 
our  Tortiarios,  wlioro  this  suht'aniily  is  tar  more  prolific  than  in  Kuropo  and 
far  Hur|mHst>s  the  IVntatoniida.  Witli  tho  exception  of  a  (•(tni)le  of  forms, 
represented  each  by  a  sinjjfhf  spociiiien,  and  whicii  are  referred  to  modem 
types,  (Jyrtomonus  and  Discostoma,  all  tiu'  others  are  remarliahlefor  ditfer- 
iii}^  apparently  from  nearly  all  livinf>'  types  and  also  from  the  known  fossils 
in  the  short  and  accurately  trianj^nlar  scutellum,  a<^reeinji^  in  this  respect  with 
the  Florissant  Peiitatomida,  and,  as  there,  necessitating  the  establishment  of 
several  new  •^•eneric  {groups.  Those,  however,  are  more  prolific  in  species, 
and  tho  species  in  individuals,  than  is  tho  case  with  the  Pontatomida. 

Table  of  the  ijeniru  of  Cydiiida. 

Hody  1«HM  than  10  niilliiii«t«rH  luii);. 

Soulolliiiii  IriiviiKuliir,  not  proiliici^d  at  tlio  apox,  an  broad  as  Ion;. 

Head  (U'cply  Niink  in  llin  tlioiux,  llu'iirptli  of  tboeinaiginutioii  of  the  thorax  onibraoingitboing 
nuarly  or  i|iiit(i  half  Uh  width, 

Itudy  nioru  than  twico  as    lon^  uh  broad  1,  Sleiidiiillii. 

Hody  less  tlian  twicr  lis  U>;ij;  as  broad '<J.  I'rociiiliiiiH, 

Iluud  snnk  bnt  littlii  in  tlio  thorax,  ahnost  wholly  free. 

AntiM'iiir  lati'ial  .'in<;les  of  tlii^  thorax  ronuik'd,  so  that  the  head  projootit  bitt  little  beyond 

till'  KfOcral  mrvu  of  the.  body U.  Xi'i'voriiilniiH, 

Autcricii'  lali'ial  angles  of  thu  thorax  prominent,  the  head  out  of  direct  relation  to  theunrve 

of  till'  body 4.  Tlilihomciiua. 

Sciltelhuii  iirodnci'd  into  a  l<d)»  at  apex,  distiuotly  lonjfi-r  than  broad Ti.  CiirlomriuiH. 

Hody  more  than  l'>  millirni'turs  liiii); (>,  lH»vuHlomu. 


1.  STKXOPELTA  gon.  nov.  {ari-y<'<;,  TrtXri}). 

Body  more  than  twice  as  lonjf  as  broad,  the  sides  nearl}'  j)arallel,  with 
broadly  rounded  ends,  the  anterior  curve  broken  by  the  head,  one-half  of 
whicli  is  advaiic'd  beyond  its  outline,  the  other  half  sunken  in  the  thorax, 
whicli  is  deeply  emiU';;in:ite  to  receive  it;  tho  eyes,  which  are  moderatelv 
laroe,  glol)uliU-,  and  central,  are  thus  brouj^ht  to  the  ciljre  of  the  thorax ;  in 
front  of  tho  eyes  the  liead  is  rouiuled  with  a  slijrjit  an^jfulation,  the  whole 
nearly  circular;  tlie  ocidli  are  lar<ife  and  situated  behind  and  within  the 
eyes.  Thorax  sul)ipiiulranij^idiir,  alxnit  twice  as  broad  as  \o\\\f,  the  anterior 
lateral  anj^fles  prominent  l)ut  rounded,  the  basal  margin  truncate.  Scutellum 
moderate,  triang'ular,  with  perfectly  straij>lit  sides,  nearly  half  as  broad 
a.<>ain  as  louj^,  reaching'  less  tliaii  a  third  way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 


(.!': 


438 


TKKTIAUY  INSKCTS  OK  NOKTII  AMKUI(5A. 


A  Hin;^Iu  sju'ciuM  is  known,  from  (Jreoii  Kivor,  foniicrly  rcferrod  to 
vEtlaia 

StKNoPELTA    I'lmCTIILATA. 

PI.  7,  Kij,'H.  IJ,  13. 

.Elhim puitvluliiluii  80111I1I.,  Hull,  ir,  S.  (lenl,  ()»o)!r.  Siirv.   IVrr.,  IV,  7(l'J-770  (1878). 

I  repeat  lioru  tlio  original  deMcription,  although  it  containH  luuny 
generic  details : 

Body  ot' nearly  e(|iial  hreadtii  throughout,  the  sides  of  the  abihtnieii  a 
little  fuller,  llcud  roiuided,  sinall,  the  part  behind  the  eyes  rounded,  as 
deep  as  the  portion  in  front  of  them ;  front  as  seen  from  above,  well 
rounded,  well  advanced,  sul)angulato ;  eyes  moderately  large;  ocelli  large, 
situated  close  to,  a  little  i)eliind,  and  within  the  eyes,  and  about  one-third 
their  diameter;  surface  of  head  minutely  and  obscurely  granulate,  'i'honix 
nearly  etpud,  slightly  broadening  posteriorly,  the  anterior  angles  well 
rounded,  the  front  Ixtrder  very  deeply  and  roundly  excised,  the  hind  border 
nearly  straight  ;  the  whole  fully  twice  as  bri»ad  as  the  head  and  twice  as 
broad  as  long.  Scutellum  obscure,  l»ut  apparently  of  about  etpial  length 
and  breadth,  and  regularly  triangular.  Alxlomen  well  rounded,  half  as 
long  again  as  broad.  Tegmina  obscure  or  l(»st  in  all  the  specimens  seen. 
Thorax  and  scntoliuin  minutely  granulate,  like  the  head.  Posterior  half,  at 
least,  of  the  ab(h>inen  profusely  covered  with  shallow  punctm'e.s. 

Length  of  body,  lUr)""" ;  of  head,  0.(1""";  of  middle  o.  diorax,  0.7.0"""; 
breadth  of  head,  O.S""" ;  (.f  thorax,  1.7""";  of  abdomen,  1.H5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Five  s|)ecim(ms,  Nos.  lit'',  (>7'',  74",  172  (F. 
C.  A.  Richard.son),  419;J  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

2.  I'KOCVDNII.S  gen   nov.  (t/ui*,  Cydnus,  mun.  gen.). 

liody  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  ovate,  with  extremities  more  or 
less  tapering,  especially  in  front,  by  the  more  rapid  narrowing  of  the  thorax, 
the  head  sometimes  completely  sunken  in  the  thorax,  at  other  times  half 
projecting  beyond  the  anterior  curve  of  the  body;  it  is  always  broader 
than  long,  though  somc^times  nearly  circular;  the  eyes  an;  moderately 
large,  not  very  prominent,  subcentral,  the  ocelli  large  and  .sitmited  well 
behind  the  prodiiceil  anterior  curve  of  the  thorax  in  the  deep  emargination 
for  the  reception  of  tlie  head.  Thorax  siibtrape/.oidal,  more  than  twice, 
.sometimes  thric(!,  its  miildlc  length,  truii(',;it()  at  base,  the  sides  more  or  less 


1 1  li.M  I  I'TKH  A-II  KTKKOI'TIOKA— I'KNTATOM  I  DM. 


489 


obli(|uo,  iiiid  urcuatc,  flu^  fruiit  liitoriil  iiii^htH  jilwayH  rniiiulud,  HometiniOH  bo 
nmcli  iiH  to  (liMiippciir.  Sciitollum  iiMimlly  hiiiiiII,  iiovor  laiffo,  triaiijifulur, 
with  Htmij^lit  sidt'H,  of  viuyinjf  |no|)oitioiiH  l)ut  uevvv  l»»iijfei  tlian  broad, 
rt'acliiiij,'  fidiii  Ic'HH  tliaii  a  third  to  oiio-haU"  way  to  tho  tip  of  tlio  abdomen. 
A  hirgo  iiumbur  of  spccioH  occur  in  our  Western  Tertiaries,  uU  found  at 
FloriHwnit  and  one  also  at  (Jreen  River. 

Tiihlr  11/  the  •/Jtft'iri  0/  I'roci/ilHilf. 

Ant(Brior  linirurtlinrux  iiiiir<iriiily  iIu|)|'«nh«<I. 

Head  m  siiiikuii  in  ihi<  |irotlii)rux  tliul  ItH  fruiit  iimrgiii  furma  a  regular  curve  with  tliat  of  tlie 

t'""'!"' 1,  r.iiroHiii. 

Head  Retivibl;  |iroJu«tiii)(  lieyoml  front  linn  ofbcMly. 

Head  only  a  fonrtli  tbo  width  of  tho  thorax a.  /',  (levkluf, 

llttHd  nini'h  loiui  tliun  half  tho  width  of  thu  abdomeD,  at  least  a  third  tho  width  of  the  thurux. 
Thorax  Ncurci-l.Y  more  than  twice  a»  broad  ai  itH  middle  KMigth. 

Larger  HpeciuH;  oniargiuatlou  of  apical  niargiu  of  thoriix  relatively  ahallow. 

:i.   /*.  lUvftHK, 

Smaller  speciea;  eiuargiiiatlou  of  apical  niargiu  of  thorax  relutivuly  deep  and  abrupt. 

4,  /'.  qitUlui, 
Thorax  nearly  or  (|ulte  threo  tinieH  an  broad  us  its  middle  length. 

I.urgor  species;  head  more  than  one-third  as  wide  as  the  body 5.  /*.  r«(l</MM», 

Smaller  species;  bond  less  than  one  third  us  wide  us  the  body 0.  /',  ivn/xnu. 

Head  half  the  width  of  the  abdomen 7.  /■,  ealonl. 

Anterior  half  of  thorax  with  lateral  bosses 8,  /'.  iiiamlllitHiii, 

1.    1*KOOVDNU8    PKONU8. 
ri.  28,  Fig.  5. 

Head  rounded,  broader  than  long,  deeply  sunken  in  the'  tliorax,  its 
broad  anterior  curve  almost  continuous  with  the  rounded  sloping  lateral 
angles  of  the  thorax,  the  eyes  small  and  in  advance  of  the  middle.  Thorax 
shaped  much  as  in  P.  devictus,  but  with  a  broad  and  especially  deep, 
rounded,  almost  angular  einargination  to  receive  the  head,  about  a  third 
the  width  of  the  thorax ;  its  basal  margin  is  not  indicated  on  the  plate,  but 
siiould  unite  the  extreme  bases  of  the  hemelytra  in  a  straight  line ;  the  sur- 
face shows  excessively  shallow  crowded  punctuation.  Scutellum  very 
large,  triangular,  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  broader  than 
long.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  occupying  the  basal  three-fifths,  uni- 
formly coriaceous,  with  punctuation  like  the  thorax,  and  an  excessively 
delicate  impros.sed  submarginal  line.  Hind  tibijc  densely  spined.  Abdomen 
very  broad  and  full,  siuircely  longer  than  broad.  Whole  body  black,  the 
corium  of  the  hemelytra  hardly  less  dark. 

Length  of  body,  5""";  breadth,  3.1""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  14426. 


■•I 


•..i_i_II»U.41U«Ji.iBlJUJ«M«i 


1)^' 


111:? 


lli 


■ 

1^ 

'i  >- 

k 

% 

: 

iy 

440 


TERTiAKY  INSECTS  OF  NURTII  AMERICA. 


2.  Pkocydnus  devictus. 


PI.  28,  Fig.  4. 

Head  minute,  siibcircular,  hiirdly  a  fourtli  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  its 
posterior  third  sunken  in  the  thorax,  which  is  here  narrowly  hut  ratlier 
deeply  eniarjjfinate  to  receive  it.  Thorax  scarcely  twice  as  broad  as  lonj'', 
taperin«f  from  the  base  and  with  the  sides  strongly  arcuate,  so  that  the 
wiiole  is  nearly  semicircular  but  for  the  narrow  rouiuled  emargination  (not 
shown  on  the  plate)  for  the  head ;  basal  margin  ti'uncate  or  scarcely  (!oii- 
ver  ;  surface  perfectly  smooth  and  I'egular,  with  an  anterior,  transverse, 
arcuate,  impressed  line  opening  forward,  half  as  broad  as  and  one  third  the 
depth  of  the  lliorax.  Scutellum  large,  triangular,  smooth,  the  base  fully 
three-fourths  the  widtii  of  the  thorax,  nearly  three-fourths  as  long  as  broad, 
and  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Ilemelytra  with  the 
corium  reaching  half-way  to  the  ti}),  uniforndy  (M)riaceous,  testaceous,  vvitli 
faint  and  sliallow  e(|uidistan(  ami  rather  dis.'ant  punc^jw.  Hind  tibia;  densely 
si)inv.     Abdtunen  very  broad  and  full,  <^f  nearly  ^cpial  length  and  breadth. 

Length  of  bod v,  o""" ;  breactii.  i5.l"'"\ 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nt).  11225. 

;{.    PROCYDNIIS    DIVEXUS. 

Head  imperfeiiiy  preserved  in  both  the  specimens  at  hand.  Thorax 
shaped  m'K-h  as  in  the  species  which  have  preceded  this,  twice  as  long  as 
its  middle  length,  with  a  ver\-  deep  rounded  emarginatioii  in  front,  less  than 
a  third  the  width  of  the  thorax  aiul  three  times  as  broad  as  deep,  the  lobes 
beside  it  well  advanced,  the  surface  finely  and  closely  but  not  very  deeply 
,  unc'.ate.  Scutellum  with  similar  scidpture,  rhe  apex  scarcely  less  than 
rectangular,  tiie  base  about  two-thirds  as  wide  as  the  thorax.  IIem(;lytra 
havnig  the  similarly  punctate  corium  occupying  fully  the  basal  three-fifths, 
the  full  and  well  rounded  abdomen  of  etpial  length  and  breadth  and  punc- 
tate. Hind  tibia-  very  slender  and  rather  feebly  spined.  Whole  body 
unifonnly  blackish  r)rown. 

Length,  4.7""" ;   breadth.  3""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2132,  l.'}154. 


IIEMIPTEUA— HETEltOPrEKA— PENTATOMIDJi. 


441 


4.    PkOCVDNUS    (QUIETUS. 

Head  neiirly  one-half  as  broad  as  lue  tliorax,  well  rounded,  half  as  broad 
agahi  as  lou;^.  Thorax  siibtrapezoidal,  tapering  from  the  base  at  first 
sliglitly,  afterwards  a  little  more  rapidly,  so  that  the  sides  are  a  little  arcuate, 
and  the  rounded  anterior  lateral  lol)es  rather  prominent  from  the  deep  almost 
angular  emurgination  of  the  front,  which  is  hardly  more  than  a  tliir  -.  tli-i 
width  of  thorax,  and  only  a  little  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  deep;  i  'ifaoc 
apparently  smooth,  punctate  along  the  lateral  margin.  Scutellum  no'iHv 
two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  reaching  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of 
the  abdoniei;,  the  apex  nearly  rectangular,  the  surface  punctate,  somewhat 
shorter  than  broad,  llemelytra  with  the  coriaceous  corium  hardly  occupy- 
ing more  than  half  the  wing,  serially  punctate,  of  a  testaceous  color,  the 
membrane  faintly  infuniated.  Tibi..  densely  spiny.  Abdomen  full,  broadly 
rounded,  a  little  longer  than  broad. 

Length,  4.1-:.5""";   breadth,  2.4-2.6"'"'. 

Florissant,  Eiglit  specimens,  Nos.  20G(),  (iSTi,  7652,  10092,  10174, 
10531,  12771,  14186. 


5.  Pkocydnus   keliquus. 

riead  rounded,  broader  than  long,  nearly  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 
Thorax  nearly  three  times  as  broad  as  its  middle  length,  tapering  from  the 
base,  the  sides  considerably  arcuate,  with  scarcely  any  sign  of  an  an«^^rior 
lateral  shoulder,  the  emargination  of  the  anterit)r  border  half  as  broad  as 
tlie  base  of  the  thorax,  shallow  and  uniform,  followed  by  a  median  arcuate 
sulcation  half  a«  broad  as  tie  emargination  and  e([ually  deep;  the  surface 
is  ;i|)parei)tly  ifaitc  smooth,  but  there  are  signs  of  punctuation  at  the  extreme 
lateral  margins.  Korw  of  the  scutellum  not  evident,  but  apparently  exactly 
as  in  the  last  .s]><'^'ies.  I'orium  of  hemelytra  reaching  considerably  beyond 
the  middle  Abdomen  futi  but  ccnisiderably  longer  than  broad.  Whole 
bod\-  uniformly  daKi<.  the  c(^rium  of  hemelytra  dark  testaceous. 

Length,  5.')""" ;   breadth.  .1""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  434. 


442 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


6.    PrOCYUNI'S     VESPERU8. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  15. 

Head  tolerably  large,  rounded,  broader  than  long,  together  with  the 
projecting  eyes  more  than  a  third  the  width  of  tlie  thoiax.  Thorax  almost 
or  quite  three  times  as  broad  as  the  middle  length,  the  shape  very  much  as 
in  tl>e  preceding  species,  with  an  equally  broad  but  much  deeper  emargina- 
tion  of  the  front,  the  surface  very  finely,  faintly,  and  densely  punctate. 
Scutellum  less  than  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  considerably  broader 
tlian  long,  the  pointed  angulate  apex  extending  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip 
of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  witl.  a  rather  short  puuctate  corium.  Tibi.T 
heavily  spined.  Abdomen  full  nad  broadly  rounded,  scarcely  longer  than 
broad.  Color  of  body  blackisli  brown,  the  hemelytra  with  the  corium 
blackish  fuliginous,  the  membrane  faintly  infumated. 

Length,  4..'>""' ;  breadth,  2  Oh.""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  70,  14.'),  246  4.  .5612. 


i>i 


s  >■ 


7.  Pkocydm'.s   katoni. 

A  poorly  preserved  specimen  represents  this  speci«ak,  remarkable  for  its 
very  large  and  nearly  circular  head,  whicli  Ih  half  as  wide  as  the  abdomen 
and  scarcely  broader  than  long,  and  is  deeplv  embedded  in  the  tiiorax.  The 
latter  is  shaped  much  as  in  the  last  two  or  three  s|)ecies,  nearly  two  and  a 
half  times  as  broad  as  its  median  lengtii,  the  tn»nt  deeply  and  broadly 
emarginate  to  receive  the  head,  the  emargination  very  regular,  consideral)ly 
more  than  half  as  broad  as  tiie  tiiorax,  and  a  third  as  deep  as  broad.  Scu- 
tellum broad  and  short,  the  angulate  apex  not  at  all  less  than  a  rigiit  angle, 
reaching  much  less  tiian  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  aiidomen.  The  only 
signs  of  j)unctuation,  fine  and  dense,  are  on  the  broadlv  rounded  abdomen, 
which  is  considerably  longer  than  broad.  ( )ther  pturts  not  clear.  The  whole 
blackisli  br(»wn. 

Length,  (1.7.5""" :  breadth,  ;}.(i"'"'. 

Named  for  one  of  the  pioneers  in  American  geolttgy,  Amos  Eaton. 

Florissant.     One  .specimen,  Net.  iH.Oa. 


HBMIPTERA— HETEllOPTEU   — PENTATOMlDiE. 


443 


8.  Procyonus  hamillanus 
n.  7,  Pig.  19. 

CydnuHt  mamillanm  Soiidtl.,  Bull.  IT.  S.  Qool.  «eogr.  Siirv.  T«rr.,  IV,   770  (1878). 

Tlie  body  is  broad  and  convex  in  front,  with  a  rapidly  tapering'  abdo- 
men, scarcely  at  all  rounded,  even  at  the  tip.  The  head,  as  seen  from 
above,  is  nearly  circular,  shaped  much  as  in  Stenopelta  punctulata  from  the 
same  l)eds,  but  more  broadly  and  regularly  rounded  in  front,  with  the  cen- 
tral lol)e  broad,  and  defined  by  rather  strongly  impressed  furrows ;  the 
•  '-•lii  are  large,  situated  just  behind  the  anterior  extension  of  the  thoracic 
lokies ;  the  surface  of  the  head  is  rugulose.  Thorax  more  than  twice  as 
broad  as  the  head,  and  more  than  half  as  long  again ;  the  sides  rounded, 
being  broadest  at  the  posterior  border,  narrowing  in  front  and  roundly 
excised  at  the  anterior  angles ;  front  border  very  deeply  hollowed  behind 
the  head,  leaving  prominent  front  lobes  on  eitln^r  side,  nearly  as  large  as 
the  head  "td  strongly  mamillate ;  hind  border  nearly  straight  The  sur- 
face is  minutely  granulate,  besides  which  there  is  a  transverse  belt  of  rather 
large  and  distant  punctures  midw.'iy  between  the  mamillations  and  the  hind 
border.  The  scutellum  is  very  largo,  rounded-triangular,  broader  than 
long,  and  gcanulate  like  the  tliorax.  Corium  of  tegmina,  which  occupies 
their  greater  portion,  obscurely  and  distantly  punctulate ;  abdomen  trian- 
gular, the  apex  bluntly  pointed. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  of  head,  0  S"'"' ;  of  either  lateral  half  of  thorax, 
I.3.')""";  breadth  of  iiead,  l"""  :  of  thorax,  2.4""". 

Greeii  '*iver,  Wy<miiug.  One  spetrimeii.  No.  .i!)  (F.  C.  A  Richardson). 
Florissant,  CoMHtado.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  l!)2.o,  117()0. 


^.  NP]CRO( 'YI>yUS  gen.  nov.  {yunpo?,  Cydnus,  nom.  gen.). 

The  species  of  thi-  have  the  .same  oval  form  as  those  of  the  preceding 
genus,  and  differ  from  rlieui  in  little  l)ii;  the  relation  l)etween  the  head  and 
thorax,  the  latter  verv  brv>a(L  and  shallowly  emarginate  in  front,  and  the 
former  consecjuentlv  tMnbrac^Ml  l)v  the  tliorax  to  a  much  smaller  degree. 
The  head  is  roun<ied,  iii«u\  -  liroadtr,  generally  much  broader,  than  long, 
the  <■  VHS  and  ocelli  a^  in  F'rocydnus;  it  is,  however,  sunken  to  some  extent 
in  tliH  thorax,  and  its  curves  and  those  of  the  sides  of  the  thorax  are  such 
as  hardly  to  destroy  the  effect  of  a  single  parabolic  curve  to  the  front  end  of 


'I 


i 


444  TKRTIAUY  IN8l'](rrs  OV  NOUTII  AMKUrCA. 

the  Ijody.  The  thorax  is  {j^eiierall y  only  twice  aa  broad  as  tlie  median  length, 
but  sometimes  consicUirably  more  than  tliat,  tapering  in  a  very  variabh; 
degree,  sometinioa  rapidly  and  regularly,  but  always  with  a  rounded  curve, 
s(»nietiines  so  sIdwIv  as  to  leave  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  very  prom- 
inent, and  -iiaking  the  thorax  here  twice  as  wide  as  the  head ;  the  basal 
margii!  is  trui'.'vute.  Scutelluni  rather  large  and  especially  I)road,  triangular, 
with  straight  sides,  always  shorter  than  broad,  and  yet  generally  reaching 
nearly  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

A  large  nunibir  of  species  are  known,  as  many  as  in  the  preceding 
geiuis,  all  but  one,  whicii  comes  from  Green  River  only,  being  found  at 
Florissant,  one  of  them  vnry  abundantly. 

Tahic  of  the  gpecien  of  yevrocjidnui. 

Uoily  more  than  half  as  long  ajfniii  us  broad. 

Thorax  t'oiisiiluralilv  iiiori'  lliaii  twicu  as  Itroad  as  tlio  inuilian  lfii);th. 

Hoily  relatively  sleiiclor;  thorax  tapiTiii);  oi)nNi(l«ralily.  tlic  l>r<*;ullli  at  tin*  bottom  of  the  apical 

fiiiargination  al>oiit  thri'f  I'oiirtliH  that  of  tlii>  basal  iiiari.'in   I.   .\,  nit<u))ii:ii. 

Hoily  rrlativi'ly  stout ;  thorax  laporiii;;   but    litllf,  the  brrailth.  :in  abn'^-i',  about  scvi'ii-rJHlits 

that  of  the  basrl   i»ar);iii 'J.   y.  ijoaiutrnn'm. 

Thorax  only  twiuit  a.s  broad  as  the  iiu-dian  liMi^th. 

Thorax  la ;>«riii(;  consideriiiily,  thi!  lateral  aiijjle.s  „i"  front  n«l  |ir<inijm'iit. 
Iload  broad,  n:'arly  (U'  (,iiite  a  third  as  broad  as  liam)  of  tliiiia\. 

.Sniallcr  siieclis  ;  inuir,.;!  nation  of  a|iivul  burtktr  of  tkunkx  dtM*|i,  half  as  long  asfrrcatest 

breadth  of  lliiirax   H.  A^.  torjivim. 

Larger  spueifs:  eiiiurj;iuati'in  of  :ii>ii;il    liorder  <it  thonLX  .shallow,  considerably  Icsa 

than  half  as  loiijj  as  ^.'rcalesl   breadth  of  liioruK 4.   X.  tli/iiiuH. 

Head  relatively  ininww,  harillv  niiue  than  a  fourth  rlw  breadth  of  tuu  lia.se  id'tlie  thorax, 

5.  -V.  umjizonuii. 
Thorax  taperini;  but  little,  the  lateral  au);les  of  front  iirniiiiueiit. 

Siii.tller  speeieH.  hai'illy  exceeding  four  uiillinieterH  ill  Icngtii.  lena  than  taothirdsao  loii); 

aKaiii  OH  broad  ;   abilttiuen  full  and  nuindud   li.   .V.  sfiiior. 

Larger  species,  more  than  livi-  uiilliMieli-rN  Ion;;,  and  about  three  toiirtkx  an  liMii;ai;ain  ,'in 

broad:  abdouien    tapcriiiL; 7.    .X    xn/ii/dt/iB, 

Body  lemt  than  half  as  lon^  again  as  luoad ..-  f.  S.  hiiiIhh. 

1.    NK'KOCVItNt'H    Vri.CANIUS. 

Head  rounded  triangular,  bniailcr  than  long,  with  the  large  vyes  nearly 
half  as  broad  as  the  base  <tt  the  tliorax.  Thoriix  considerably  moic  than 
twice  as  broad  as  the  median  It-ni'lli.  ■<abtrap»'Zoidal,  the  sid«-s  tapering  so 
that  the  breadtli  near  tli*:  front  (at  the  ImrtoiM  of  the  apical  emargination) !» 
about  three-fourtlis  that  of  the  basal  Uiiirgin,  the  lateral  angles  roumled 
HOmt-what.  the  apical  emarginatimi  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  a  third 
as  deep  as  broad,  verv  regular,  the  -tirface  uneven  from  tlie  elevation  of  the 
sides  in  front  to  irregular  ho.xses,  and  rather  coarsely,  faintly,  and  sparsely 
uunctHt*.     Scutellum  .huuvII,  not  more  than  half  aa  long  as  broad,  regularly 


ei 


\'. 


HEMII'TERA—nETEROPTEUA— PENT  ATOM  IDyE. 


445 


triangular,  with  straight  sides,  the  apex  scarcely  reaching  more  than  quarter 
way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  to 
tlie  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen,  only  the  costal  edge,  but  that 
bi-oadly,  coriaceous,  the  remainder  semidiaphanous  and  faintly  infumate 
like  the  membrane. 

Length,  4.ry'"";  l)readth,  2.25""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7399. 

2.  Neckocydnks  oosiutensis. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  22. 

Mead  broad,  rounded,  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  with  the  rather 
large  and  prominenteyes  fully  half  as  broad  us  the  thorax.  Thorax  more  than 
three  times  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  subquadrangular,  the  sides  taper- 
ing only  a  little,  the  anterior  lateral  angles  well  rounded,  the  breadth  near 
the  front  (next  the  bottom  of  the  apical  emargination)  seven-eighths  that  of 
the  basal  margin,  the  apical  emargination  broad  and  shallov^r,  rather  more 
than  half  as  broad  as  the  base  of  the  thorax,  and  hardly  a  tenth  as  deep  as 
broad,  very  regular ;  surface  even,  but  for  a  rapid  slope  close  to  the  sides, 
and  apparently  smooth.  Scutellum  very  large  from  its  breadth,  much  shorter 
than  broad,  reaching  nearly  half-way  to  the  tip  of  tiie  abdomen.  Corium 
of  hemelytra  reaching  the  last  abdominal  segment,  rather  coarsely  and 
very  sparsely  granulate. 

Length,  4.G.")""" ;  l)readth,  2.5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  13,  Leslie  A.  Lee. 

This  is  the  only  species  of  Necrocydnus  yet  found  within  the  limits  of 
the  ancient  (losiute  Lake. 

3.  Necrocydnus  torpens. 

Head  large,  well  rounded,  nearly  twice  as  l)road  as  long,  and  nearly 
two-fifths  as  broad  as  base  of  thorax  ;  tlie  antenna'  about  as  long  as  the 
thorax.  Tlionix  only  twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  tapering  con- 
si(leral)ly,  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  not  prominent,  the  emargination  of 
the  npiciil  border  liaif  as  long  as  the  basal  border,  regular,  and  moderately 
<leep ;  surfaces  very  iiiiuly  i)unctitt(',  even.  Scutellum  large,  broader  than 
long,  the  apex  not  extending  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  lleme- 
lytrn  with  the  corium  .serially  [)Uiictate,  reaching  the  penultintate  abdominal 


446 


TKUTIAKY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


sog-niont.     Tibia;  heavily  spinod.     Whole  body  brownisli  fuscous,  the  coriuiii 
of  heinelytra  fusco-caataneous,  the  membrano  scarcely  infuniated. 

Leng-th,  .O.!""';  breadth,  ;{"'"'. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  441,  12998. 

4.    NeCROCYDNUS   8TYGIU8. 

Head  twice  as  broad  as  \ong,  well  rounded,  two-fifths  as  broad  as 
the  base  of  the  thorax,  tiie  eyes  larjre.  Thorax  only  twice  as  broad  as  its 
median  length,  tapering  considerably,  the  sides  very  regularly  arcuate,  the 
lateral  angles  of  front  not  prominent,  the  emarginatioii  of  the  apical  border 
somewhat  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  basal  border,  n^gular,  and  very 
shallow ;  surface  even,  a  little  roughened.  Scutellum  scarcely  more  than 
half  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  almost  ecjuiangular,  the  sides  perfectly  straight, 
reaching  less  than  half-way  to  the  apex  of  the  abdomen,  the  surface  appar- 
ently punctate,  but  obscure.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  the  middle  of 
the  antepenultimate  abdi>niinal  segment,  punctate,  the  puncta-  serial  only  near 
the  sutura  clavi.  Tibia^  heavily  spined.  Abdomen  a  little  ])roduced,  so  that 
the  jxisterior  curve  of  the  body  is  scarcely  so  broad  as  the  anterior. 

Length,  6"'™  ;  breadth,  31)""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6(j54,  9947. 


mi 


5.  Necuocvdnus  amyzonus. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  10. 

Head  rather  small,  rounded  subtriangular,  nearly  or  quite  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  hardly  more  than  a  fourth  as  broad  as  the  thorax.  Thorax 
twice  as  broad  as  the  niedian  length,  tapering  considerably,  with  rather 
strongly  arcuate  oblicjue  sides,  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  not  prominent, 
the  apical  emargination  regular,  considerable,  rather  deep,  and  very  broad, 
the  surface  of  the  thorax  (nen  and  very  finely  and  closely  punctate.  Scu- 
tellum nciirlv  as  long  as  broad,  fully  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the 
apex  reaching  about  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  surface  like 
the  thorax.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  the  penultimate  abdominal 
segment,  feeblv  punctate.  Legs  densely  spined.  Abdomen  broadly  rounded. 
Whole  Itody  uniforndy  blackish  fuscous,  the  corium  of  hemelytra  dark  cas- 
taneou.s,  the  membrane  clear. 


IlKMIPTEUA— UKTEUOI'TEltA— rENTATOMID.E. 


447 


This  is  the  commonest  fossil  cydnid  known  in  tlio  "  Amyzon  shales." 

Length,  4.25-5.1""°;  breadth,  2.2-3.1""". 

Florissant.  Twenty-nine  specimens,  of  which  some  of  the  best  are 
Nos.  1919,  2100,  4565.  4G63.  4851,  7543,  9583, 1122G,  120G8,  12987,  14221, 
14224. 

6.  Necrocydnus  senior. 

Head  well  rounded,  transversely  oyate,  nearly  a  third  as  broad  as  the 
thorax,  half  as  In-oad  again  as  long.  Thorax  only  twice  as  broad  as  the 
median  length,  tapering  but  little,  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  prominent, 
the  apical  eniargination  considerably  and  tolerably  deep,  the  surface  appar- 
ently finely  punctate,  with  two  posteriorly  converging  shallow  and  faint 
sulcations  crossing  the  disk  longitudinally  from  the  outer  edges  of  the  eyes 
backward.  Scutellum  moderate,  more  than  half  as  broad  "as  the  thorax, 
broader  than  long,  reaching  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
Hemelytra  with  the  corium  punctate  in  serial  rows,  reaching  the  middle  of 
the  antepenultimate  segment  of  the  abdomen.  Tibia?  heavily  spined.  Ab- 
domen full  and  rounded,  hardly  so  long  as  broad.  Color  blackish  brown, 
the  hemelytra  with  the  corium  dark  testaceous,  the  membrane  clear. 

Length,  4"'"' ;  breadth,  2.5™"". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  2732,  11566,  11793,  13155. 


7.  Necrocydnus  solidatus. 
P).  28,  Fig.  13. 

A  stout  species,  fuller  in  front  than  behind.  Head  transversely  ovate, 
about  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  about  one-third  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 
Thorax  hardly  twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  tapering  but  very  little, 
the  lateral  angles  of  front  very  prominent,  the  apical  emargination  very  broad 
and  otdy  moderately  deep ;  surface  even  and  distantly  punctate.  Scutellum 
similarly  punctate,  about  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  broader  than 
long,  the  angular  apex  not  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
Hemelytra  with  the  corium  apparently  reaching  the  penultimate  abdominal 
segment.  Tibia;  very  heavily  and  coarsely  spined.  Abdomen  subconical, 
pointed. 

Length,  .").(i""" ;  breadth,  3""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6967,  8840. 


448 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


8.  Neckocydnit8  revectus. 

A  very  broad,  stout,  iiiid  roundi'd  wpocios.  Head  rather  Htnull,  well 
rounded,  at  least  half  as  broad  agaiu  as  lon;^  and  scarcely  a  fourth  as  wide 
as  the  thorax ;  the  anteiuiiv  about  as  lonji^  as  the  tl: 'rax.  Thorax  about 
twice  as  broad  as  the  median  leufjth,  with  strouylv  arcuaic,  ^osuewhat 
oblique  sides,  which  curve  rapidly  on  the  anterior  half  to  the  ends  of  the 
apical  eniarjfination,  which  is  hardly  one-third  as  lon<»'  as  the  l)asal  margin, 
moderately  shallow  and  very  regular;  surface  even,  finely,  uuiforinly;  and 
densely  punctate,  as  is  every  coriaceous  part  of  the  body.  Scutellum  nearly 
lialf  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  considerably  broader  than  long,  the  scarcely  less 
tlian  rectangular  apex  not  extending  half-way  to  the  apex  of  the  abdomen. 
Hemelytra  reaching  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  niembrajie  small. 
Abdonu'U  very  broadly  round(!<l  posteriorly,  soni'  .vliat  shorter  than  broad. 

Length,  4.;")""";  breadth,  .'$.2""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  lA-Sl,  10844. 

4.  TIILIHOMKNIIS  gen.  nov.  (0A//?r;//£V(.c). 

'I'his  genus  is  even  more  closely  allied  to  Necrocydiuis  than  tlu^  latter 
to  I'rocvdnus,  and  differs  from  it  principally  in  the  still  greater  pron.'inence 
of  the  heail,  which  is  out  of  direct  relation  to  the  general  anterior  curve  of 
the  body,  the  anterior  emargination  of  the  thorax  being  slight  or  even 
al)sent.  The  head  is  nearly  circular,  generally  a  little,  but  only  a  little, 
broa<ler  than  long,  the  eyes  central,  moderate  i.i  size  and  prominence,  glob 
idar.  the  ocelli  well  behind  them,  pretty  large,  and  as  near  each  other  as 
the  neighboring  e\e.  Thorax  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  sulxjuadrate 
the  sides  verv  variable,  but  the  tajjcring  usiudly  conlined  to  the  anterior 
half,  or  very  much  stronger  here  than  posteriorly,  the  front  margin  but 
slitihtlv  cmarmnatc,  usuallv  also  verv  broadlv  rounded  or  sul)truncate,  with 
a  strongly  arcuate  anterior  sidcjition  termiiuiting  next  the  sides  of  the 
head;  the  biisal  miugin  truncate.     Scutellum  preciscdy  as  in  NecrocN'dmis. 

The  species  are  prettx  numerous,  but  are  known  only  )ty  one  or  two 
examples  each.  They  are  mo.stly  of  the  smallest  size,  and  all  come  from 
Florissant. 

Tabh  of  Ihr  ::fienei<  nf  ThIiboiiiiiiiiK. 
( tiiti  T  iiiitprior  aiinlps  of  the   tlinrax   |iri)iiiiiii'tit,  thf  lt'n;;tli  of  tlm  aiiiciil   fnai);lii  (if  tli(>  lliorax  not 
H"'-"'.'''  ''"*'*  •'"'"  •''"'  of  <li"  liiisal. 

Tliorax  (ully  t  «  ice  .is  lirouil  asloii;; 1.   /'.  ycdiim. 

Tlioiax  scaicrly  twici-  iis  liroail  an  Ion;; , 2.  T.  parriil. 


llEMllTliUA— IIETEKOI'TKKA— IMCNTATOMllJ/K.  449 

Utitci'  Anterior  aiigl«H  nl'  tliu  thorax  well  ruiimlnil,  the  hIiIcr  couHiilerably  obliqno,  ao  that  the  apical  in 
inucli  Hlinrtur  thnii  the  banal  margin  of  the  thorax. 
Head  broader  than  lout;. 

Thorax  less  thoii  twice  as  broad  as  long it.  7'.  pereuniiliit. 

Tliorax  more  than  twice  an  limad  ns  long 4.  T.  limoHui, 

Head  longer  than  broad 6,  7*.  mai'«r. 


1.    'I'lILinOMENirs    PETREL'S. 

Keiid  moderately  large,  about  a  third  aw  broad  as  the  tliorax.  Tho- 
rax rather  more  than  twice  as  broad  a«  long,  the  length  of  the  apical  not 
greatly  less  than  the  basal  margin,  since  the  sides  do  not  greatly  taper  and 
the  outer  anterior  angles  are  prominent:  apical  margin  with  a  very  gentle 
and  very  broad  emargination ;  the  surface  even  and  very  tinely  punctate. 
Scutellum  mo(lerat(^  sharply  and  regularly  triangular,  about  two-third;,  as 
broad  as  the  thorax,  broader  than  long,  e.Ktending  much  less  than  half-way 
to  tiie  tip  t>f  the  abdomen.  Ilemelytra  with  the  corium  hardly  reaching  the 
middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen,  heavily  punctate  in  serial  rows. 
Tibia!  strongly  but  not  very  densely  spined.  Abdomen  very  full  and 
rounded,  fully  as  broad  as  long.  Color  black,  the  corium  of  hemelytra 
very  dark  castaneous,  the  membrane  infiimated. 

Length,  4"""  ;  breadth,  2.25""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  b'uu,  6613. 


2.  Thlihomenus  pakvus. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  23. 

Head  small,  hardly  more  than  a  fourth  as  wide  as  the  large  thorax. 
The  latter  scarcely  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  nearly  straight,  scarcely 
oblique  sides  and  prominent  outer  anterior  angles,  so  that  the  thorax  tapers 
l>ut  little,  the  length  of  the  apical  being  but  little  less  thar  that  of  the  basal 
margin.  There  is  a  slight  and  short  rounded  emargination  on  the  anterior 
border,  and  the  surface  is  even  and  very  shallowly  punctate.  Scutellura 
similarly  punctate,  v«ry  short,  not  nearly  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of 
the  abdomen,  and  hardly  more  than  three-fifths  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 
Ilemelytra,  with  the  corium.  easily  reaching  the  penultimate  abdominal 
segment,  more  coarsely  punctate.  Abdomen  very  broad  and  rounded,  not 
nearly  so  long  as  broad.     Of  a  uniform,  griseou>  color.      The  parts  in  front 


vol,  xni- 


•2(1 


t50 


TKHTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMKHKA. 


i  I '  ■  I 


of  the  hoad  and  folln\viii;jf  the  coriuiii  of  tho  hoii'.elytm  on  the  phite  are  for- 
eign to  the  specimen,  whicli  is  not  well  ropresenttd  there. 

Lent'th,  3  2r>""" ;  breacith,  2.25""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  4552. 

3.   TuLinOMKNI'S    PF.nKNN'ATrS. 

Head  very  rej^fnlarly  roniukul,  con.Hiderably  broader  than  lonjr,  about  a 
third  the  width  of  the  tlmrax.  Tiie  latter  is  a  little  less  than  twice  as  broa<l 
as  lon<,^  with  taperinjr  arcuate*  sides,  the  t>uter  anterior  an^^lcs  well  rounded 
but  tolerably  prominent,  the  apical  border  j,'ently  eniarfjfiiiate  for  a  distance 
about  e(|ual  to  a  third  of  the  base  of  the  thora.x.  Scutellnni  rather  small, 
hardly  more  than  half  as  In-oad  as  the  thorax,  and  shorter  than  broad, 
extendinjj  not  nearly  hr.lf-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  siu'face  and 
that  of  the  thorax  even,  with  the  faintest  and  shallowe.st  possible  punctua- 
tion, Corium  t.f  the  henielvtra  hardly  reachin<(  tho  middle  of  the  apical 
half  of  the  abdomen,  very  sparsely  and  rather  faintly  puncta  Abdomen 
broadly  semiovatc,  of  e(pial  lenjjth  and  breadth.  Color  a  uniform  testaceous 
where  the  pigment  is  not  removed. 

Lenjrth,  1'""' ;  breadth,  2,2.'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7841. 

4.  Thliijomknx's  limosus. 
VI.  28,  Fiy.  12. 

Head  precisely  as  in  the  last  species.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  a  ..ttle 
more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  rather  rapidly  tapering  sides,  the 
apical  about  three-fouiths  the  length  of  the  basal  margin,  the  former  almost 
truncate,  with  the  faintest  possible  arcuation  throughout,  the  surface  of  the 
thorax  even,  faintly  and  finely  rugidose.  Scutellum  ol.scure  in  the  only 
specimens  seen,  but  apparently  large  and  triangular,  and  extending  half- 
way to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  ('or,  nn  occupying  about  three-fifths  the 
hemelytra,  serially  and  distinctly  punctate.  Abdomen  well  rounded,  but 
distinctly  longer  than  broad  Color  Idackisli  fuscous,  the  eorium  of  heme- 
lytra fu.sco-testaceous. 

Length,  1.0"""  ;  breadth,  2.fi""'. 

Florissant.     Two  tipecimeus,  Nos.  5723,  13583. 


Ki 


lIKMiriKUA— IIKTKIU)l'Ti:UA— IM'-NTATOAlIO.li. 


T).    Tm-II«tt.\tKNr.s    MACK.K. 


451 


Houd  Hcareoly  lon<ror  tliun  l)mii«l,  8niall,  not  a  (|nui'toi*  tho  width  of  the 
thornx.  Thorax  sovoral  times  hroador  than  loiiff,  tho  sidos  very  obHquo,  so 
that  it  f  ipei'H  rapidly  t'opwanl  and  haw  the  t'nmt  broadly  rounded,  with 
Hcarooly  any  si}^i»  ot  omar^iiiation  oppoHito  the  liciid,  the  siiriacc  ovon  and 
apparently  very  coarsi'ly  ^-raiiuhir.  Sciitollmii  Hiniilar.  trian-^idar,  more 
than  two-tliinlH  as  broad  as  tlat  thorax,  tind  shortor  than  l)road,  liut  ritach- 
inff  about  halt-way  to  tho  tip  of  the  abdomen  llomolytra  with  tiui  eoriuni 
rather  short,  coarsely  and  obsrurely  punctatct.  Abdomen  well  rounded, 
sc-arcely  longer  than  broad.  Ctilor  of  the  body  black,  the  corium  fuHcoux, 
membrane  infuniated. 

Length.  4""" :   breadth,  2.;')""". 

Florivssant.     ( 'no  specimen,  No.  24.">6. 


;-..  (fVirroMlONUS  Amyot,  and  8erville. 

This  tropical  American  tyi)e,  with  four  or  five  species,  one  of  them 
found  in  our  Southern  States,  occuis  also  so  far  as  the  imi)erfect  remains  can 
determine  in  the  Tertiary  beds  at  (Jreen  liivcr,  where  onti  species  is  found, 
remarkable  for  the  yreat  width  of  the  lioad.     It  is  the  only  fossil  known. 

CyUTOMENUM   ('ONCINNU8. 
PI.  7,  Fiff.  14. 
Ciirtomcniiii  coiioinnut  Somld.,  Hull.  H.  S.  (iccil.  OooKr.  Siirv.   I'ort     iV,  7<)D  (1878). 

This  Species  is  repn^sitnted  by  a  single  specimen,  a  little  smaller  than 
i '  niirabilia  (Perty),  but  closely  resemblin^i'  it  in  jjeiieral  form.  It  is  broadly 
ovate ;  the  head  large,  prominent,  well  rounded,  nearlj-  half  the  eyes  pro- 
truding beyond  the  margin,  the  ocelli  nearly  one-fourtli  the  diameter  of  the 
eyes,  and  situated  next  the  hind  border,  very  nearly  half-wnv  between  the 
inner  margin  of  the  eyes  and  the  middle  line  of  the  head  Thorax  twice  as 
broad  as  the  head  exclusive  of  the  projecting  part  of  the  eye,  more  than 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  front  margin  rather  deeply  and  rcgnlarlv  con- 
cave, the  sides  considerably  convex,  especiallx  on  the  front  iialf,  i  hind 
margin  very  broadly  convex.  Scutellum  longer  than  the  thorax,  .arcely 
less  tap(Tiiig  on  the  apical  than  on  the  basal  iialf,  the  apex  rounded,  half  as 
broad  as  the  base,  tho  whole  about  as  long  as  the  breadth  at  base.     Teg- 


452 


TERTIAF"  1}  UJCTS  OF  NOHTII  AMKIMCA. 


niina  vory  fniiit,  Imt  the  coriiim  appivroiitly  tcniiiiinfiii^''  just  hoforc  the  tip 
of  the  ncutelhim.  Extroiiiity  of  tlu<  nbdoiiicii  very  hroutlly  rounded.  'I'lie 
whoh>  Hiii-faoe  of  tlic  h«*ad,  thorax,  scutelhiiii,  and  pi'ol)al)ly  of  tlie  coiiuiii 
uiiiforiidy,  very  profusely,  and  minutely  punctnliite,  nthtrwisc  HUiooth, 
excepting  that  there  are  also  faint  traces  of  a  siij^lit,  transverse,  median  (lepr(!H- 
uiuii,  and  a  Himihir  hm^ritudinal  median  depression  on  tiie  tliorax. 

Lengtii  of  hody,   .'•.'io ':  of  head,    1.2'"";  of  thorax,  1. •{""";  of  scu- 

telhim,  l.fJS™"' ;  breadth  of  head.  2 ;  of  tliorax.  .'1..')"""  :  diameter  of  eye. 

0,2.')""". 

tireon  River.  Wyominjy.     One  Hpceimen,  No.  4l!M». 


(J.  DISCOS'n  )MA  noni.  nov.  (fi/aHo?,  (trn^n). 

This  name  is  propo.sed  for  l,.obostoma  Am.-8erv.,  preoceiipi<>d  in  mam- 
mals. Th;.'  genus  is  composeil  of  oid\'  two  or  three  species  found  in  Cen- 
tral America  and  (iuiana  It  has  never  been  reiiojiiiized  in  a  fossil  state, 
and  the  specimen  from  Florissant  is  referred  4o  it  only  tentatively  until 
better  material  in  at  hand. 

DisrosTOM.A  f  sp. 
PI.  '2'2,  Vit!.  «l. 

The  ventral  surface  of  an  exceptionally  Iarj;-e  cydnid,  showing  the 
abdomen  and  a  part  of  the  legs  and  liitle  more,  is  all  that  remains  of  the 
single  specimen  referred  here.  From  its  size  one  woidd  nfifurally  refer  it 
ttt  this  genus  or  its  neighbors,  whicii  contain  the  largest  species  of  the 
group;  and  besides,  the  hind  tibia'  are  furnished  exteriorly,  as  in  existing 
species  of  Discostoma.  with  a  single  line  of  line  spimdes,  the  only  charac- 
terisi*  available;  whether  the  tibia'  are  cylindrical  or  flattened  can  not  be 
told.  The  abdomen  is  dark  griseous,  with  a  |)ale  rounded  .senncircular 
spot  seated  on  the  outer  marg-ins  of  each  segment,  separated  from  its  migh- 
bors  by  the  darker  incisures,  besides  which  the  apical  margin  of  the  first 
segment  shows  a  narrow,  blackish  fuscous  belt.  liegs  pale,  the  spines 
blackish:  only  the  basal  part  of  the  hind  tibia'  seen. 

Probable  length  of  body,  IS""";  breadth  »t'  abdomen.  «""" :  length  of 
hind  fertiora,  .".""". 

Florissant.     One  .'Specimen.  No.  234. 


llKMiPTKUA  -  llETlillOI'TUUA— I'lSNTATOMlD.*). 


453 


Rublamily   PIINTATOM IDA  Stal. 

This  <,'r(»ii|»  is  rnui  ot'tlio  nioHt  |in»viiloiit  of  tlio  HubfuniilieH  of  Ileterop- 
tom  ill  tlio  Kiiri)|K)<iii  Tcu'tiiincm,  twuiity-Hix  spocios  buing  found  there, 
which  hiivo  Ihiou  rofeirod  to  six  fjfoiicra:  .VA'm,  one  Hpocioa,  Eurydomti, 
our,  HuMiuToriH  two,  and  IIidyH  two,  all  from  Ooiiinj^en,  boHides  I'oiita- 
toiuti,  \vhi(;li  lias  boeii  accredited  to  Kadoboj,  Aix,  Salzhau8cn,  and  amber, 
l)Ut  especially  to  ()eiiiii;;'oii,  wliere  iiiiio  HpecioH  have  boon  recorded. 
Uosi(U;s  these  a  species  of  Peiitntoina  has  boon  described  from  Greenland. 

In  our  Westoni  Tertiaries  remarkably  few  examples  of  thitt  group  have 
boon  recovcM'ed,  coiisideriii^r  its  abinidaiico  in  tlio  Old  World,  but  nearly 
every  spectmeii  is  generically  distinct  from  every  other,  for  we  have  but 
thirteen  wpecies,  and  in  t»nly  two  instances  have  ilieso  more  than  a  single 
specimen  each,  yet  so  ditlerent  are  they  that  they  must  bo  separated  into 
tell  genera;  only  one  i>f  these,  imperfectly  known  by  a  very  remarkable 
head,  can  be  n^ferrod  to  an  existing  genus,  for  in  all  the  scutellum  is 
reinarkal)ly  triangular  and  eciniaiignlar  and  destitute  of  the  apical  exten- 
sion common  to  living  types.  In  tiiis,  as  already  stated,  some  of  tho  Kuro- 
pean  species  appear  to  agree  with  them ;  it  should,  however,  be  noted  that 
tiiis  agreement  appears  far  more  marked  in  Ileer's  direct  illustrations  of  the 
fossils  than  in  his  restorations  of  the  same  species.  Our  species  all  come 
from  Florissant,  with  a  single  exception. 

Tidilf  of  thf  genera  of  I'enlatomida. 

IntriKiciiliir  piirt  of  hi'iiil  Icnh  tliiiii  two  unci  ;i  lialf  tinieit  ax  loiiK  as  1iroa<). 

Api'x  orNL'iilclliiiii  i'(M('liiii);  ilmliiii'tly  Ii'nh  lliaii  liiili-wtiy  to  tlio  tip  uf  tlio  nbdomon. 

Head  in  front  of  ryes  i|  nail  rate,  tlio  tyiiini  iinil  Jnga  of  .similar  luiigtii 1.  Trltonchi'tui. 

I  load  ill  front  of  oyrn  tapi'iin;;,  tlii'  lyliiiii  HnipaNniii;;  tlio  Jiiga 'i.  ThnttuacMtlui. 

Apux  of  Ncntollniii  rcacliin^'  lialfvray  to  llio  lip  of  tlio  ubiloiui-ii. 
Thorax  Ichh  Mian  three  tinicH  a.s  liroail  iih  long. 

Uoily  rcfjiilarly  ovale  lliroiii^hout 3.  Poleechitluii. 

Uody  Willi  paialli'l  or  nearly  parallel  widoN. 

Head  nliorlir  lliaii  iniddlo  of  tlio  thorax  and  more  than  half  its  \viilth..4.  Cacotchiatiii. 
Heiid  loiit;er  than  tho  iniihllo  of  the  thorax  and  itlightly  lean  than  half  aa  wide  as  the 

thorax 5,  MaiaoichiiiluB, 

Thorax  llireo  or  uioro  than  threo  tiiiius  as  broad  an  long. 

Kody  at  least  halt  as  long  nj^aiii  as  tho  width  of  the  abdomen. 
Posterior  lateral  angles  of  thorax  proniiiieut. 

(;ides  ol  thorax  in  front  of  lateral  proniinonces  concave 6.  PoUoschiitut. 

Sides  ol  thorax  in  front  of  lateral  prominences  convex 7.  Frntatomiteii. 

Posterior  lateral  angles  of  thorax  not  prominent 8.  TiruioMituti. 

Body  less  than  half  as  long  again  us  the  width  of  tho  abdoiiieu 9.  TliHinmoachiHlui. 

Intraocular  part  of  head  two  and  a  half  times  as  loiij;  as  broad 10.  Mecooepkala. 


111 


{■ 


iftijMinMMffiii»rii'W>imi'ftrii['?iiiiitf>iito^ 


"•"if"" .w..,.,.^,....,,.,.^.,..— „ ,^....;.....,.^i— ^^..^..ra. 


454  TERTIARY  INSKOTS  OF  NORTH  AMEKIOA. 

1.  TEl.EOSrillSTUS  gen.  ix.v.  (rf'Aco?,  axioro?). 

Head  of  moderate  size,  nearly  lialf  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  dis- 
tinctly broader  than  long,  scarcely  longer  than  the  intraocular  width,  the 
portiojj  in  front  of  the  eyes  subquadratci,  with  broadly  rountled  front, 
rounded  angles,  tht*  tyluin  and  jiiga  of  equal  length.  Kostruni  reaching, 
as  seen  through  the  specimen,  opposite  a  p«)iiit  i'  little  I)eyond  the  base  of 
the  8c;;Lelluin.  The  thorax  is  pentagonal,  the  base  at  least  half  as  long 
again  as  the  straight,  oblique,  posterior  lateral  margins,  the  nearly  straight 
but  slightly  convex  anterior  lateral  margins  at  right  angles  to  the  j)Osterior 
and  n  little  longer  than  they,  the  apical  border  emarginate  for  its  whole 
length  for  the  reception  of  the  head,  and  less  than  half  as  long  as  the 
breadth  of  the  widest  part  of  the  thorax  and  scarcely  shorter  than  the 
middle  length  of  the  thorax.  Scutellum  triangular,  vaulted,  of  nearly  equal 
length  and  breadth,  the  tip  angulate  and  not  produced,  reaching  less  than 
half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Aiesosternum  nuu!h  longer  than  the 
ra^tasternum,  the  coxal  cavities  of  the  two  hinder  pairs  of  leg ;  contiguous, 
separated  only  by  a  conun(»M  paries. 

Three  species  are  known,  one  of  them  from  British  Columbia,  the 
others  from  Floris.sant. 

Tahli-  of  Ihi  ipecien  uf  Trleoschisiiii'. 

Scutellum  rcacliiiif;  very  iioarly  lial(-«;i.v  li>  I  hi'  tip  of  tbi'  alidoiiii'ii 1.  T.  antUiini». 

Sditelliim  rt'ueliiii);  liart'ly  two-fifllis  niiy  to  the  tip  of  tlii^  abdn  iipii. 

I'iiu>:tiutlioiM>f  costal  iiiari^in  of  <^<i lull)  cliiNtoird  aloiiK  t)i»  eilffv,  Iraviu^  <iii  o|hmi  Niibinarglnal 
Htri-ak  .'"roi'  of  pimotiircH 'i.  T.  rigorntw. 

Puiiut  nation  of  costal  margin  of  <'oriniu  uniform  'i,  T.  placatim, 

1.    TeLKOSCHISTI'S   ANTIQUIIS. 

£M.  2,  Figs.  17-19. 
h:u»rhMii»  antiquut  ScnM.,  Rep.  Progr.  Oeol   Snrv.  Can.,  187f>-1877,  1.V.Mf)l  (1878). 

The  principal  specimen  is  unusually  perfect,  and  appears  to  be  a  male. 
The  head  is  slightly  longer  th;in  broad,  etpial  beyond  the  expanding  base, 
broadly  rounded  and  some. vhat  flattened  in  front;  the  slight  carina-  marking 
the  borders  of  the  middle  lobe  are  parallel  throughout  and  extend  to  the  front 
of  the  head.  Tlie  thoiax  is  so  imperfectly  preserved  as  to  throw  dou])t  upon 
the  generic  atli'iities  of  the  insect,  but  it  a))pears  to  have  been  more  than 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  median  furrow,  and  its  front  margin  very 
slightly  concave  behind  the  head:  probal)ly.  tilso,  it  was  considerably  pro- 


H  EM  IFTEKA— UETEKOPTEKA— FENTATOMiD  Ji. 


455 


tluced  at  tlie  liinder  latei'al  rtn<yles,  und  had  its  lateral  margin  slightly  den- 
ticulate anteriorly.  The  scuteUuni  is  large,  a  little  narrower  than  tlie  breadth 
of  the  ba.se  of  the  abdomen,  of  nearly  e()nal  length  and  breadth,  pretty  regu- 
larly triangular,  but  with  a  slifrht  eniaryination  of  the  sides  on  their  basal 
half;  the  tip  bbnitly  pointed  and  rounded  otf",  e.xtending  a  little  way  upon 
the  middle  of  the  strongly  advanced  fourth  abdominal  segment.  The  sur- 
face of  the  head,  prothorax,  and  seutellum  is  covered  j)retty  uniforndy  and 
abundantly  with  distinct  round  punctures,  wliidi  are,  however,  deepest, 
most  sharply  defined,  and  so  alnnidant  as  nearly  to  occujjy  the  entire  sur- 
face, on  the  front  heir  of  the  head  imu  'iwxt  thi^  margins  of  the  prothorax. 
The  ooriuni  of  the  tegmina  includes  more  than  half  tlie  wing,  and  is  covered 
with  punctures,  deeply  impressed,  and  much  minuter  and  more  frequent 
than  on  the  scutellum  ;  there  is  also  a  distinct  vein  passin;;  vlown  the  middle, 
a  little  to  one  side,  and  another  sejjarating  the  clavs  «v.>i.i  the  corium,  but 
distinct  on  the  sj)ecimen  oidj- apically,  where  it  isc  utinnuus  witli  the  inner 
margin  of  the  membrane.  The  meiidjrane  is  well  r  >unded,  but  slightly  pro- 
duced at  the  outer  angle,  and  the  spac*;  is  occupied  by  inne  nearly  longi- 
tudinal veins,  distributed  in  three  sets  of  three  each  :  the  Hrst  set  is  composed 
i»f  three  ol)scnre  veins  j)retty  close  together  next  the  inner  edge,  originating 
from  the  .same  point,  etjuidistant  from  one  another,  the  iiniermost  hugging 
the  inner  margin :  from  apparently  the  .siime  point  originates  the  next 
cluster,  starting  in  a  single  vein,  which  ahnost  innnediately  forks,  and  sends 
its  innermost  branch  parallel  to  those  mei\tioned;  the  other  branch  diverges 
strongly  fron.  It  and  .igaia  forks,  the  twi»  branches  running  parallel  to  the 
first ;  while  from  opposite  the  point  of  origin  of  the  last  fork  the  third  cluster 
takes  its  rise,  starMng  as  a  shouldered  vein,  which  forks  at  its  shoulder  into 
two  slightly  divergent  veins  which  run  subparallel  to  the  previous  veins;  but 
the  innermost  of  these  .;gain  fr.rl<s  beyond  its  middle,  crowding  the  veins 
together  at  this  point.  There  is  also  a  .short,  tenth,  independent  vein  close  to 
the  outer  extremity  of  the  produced  coriaceous  field.  The  outer  margin  of 
the  wing  is  delicately  wrinkled  with  a  simulation  of  veinlets.  The  abdomen 
is  ovate,  somewhat  regulai'ly  tapering  at  its  outer  half;  the  apex  obscure 
l)ut  apparently  regularly  rounded  ;  the  pleunc  are  punctured  like  the  scu- 
telhu)i,  while  the  dorsal  surface  is  minutely  and  profusely  '.nit  obscurely 
punctulate.  Such  portions  of  the  chitine  as  remain  are  of  an  intense  black. 
The  specimen  is  apparently  a  male,  lui*  whether  two  sm^dl  triangular  pieces, 


456 


TEKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTU  AMICIilOA. 


nearly  equiangular,  f(illowin}r  thv  posterior  edj^e  of  the  Hixth  abdominal 
segment  laterally,  are  to  be  considered  the  anal  cerci  is  doubtful. 

Directly  beside  this  specimen,  and,  in  fact,  partly  underlying-  it,  are  the 
abdomen  and  part  of  the  sternum  of  another  insect,  which,  although  much 
smaller,  should  doubtless  be  regarded  as  the  female  of  the  same  species. 
This  abdomen  represents  an  under  .iurfat'e ;  it  is  very  rounded  aiul  ovate, 
the  extremity  well  rounded,  the  Hixth  segment  represented  by  a  circular 
fissured  plate.  The  sides  of  the  alidonien  are  punctulate,  as  in  the  other 
specimen,  but  the  punctuhition  dies  out  before  reaching  the  middle  of  the 
abdomen.  Little  can  be  said  of  tlie  other  parts  of  the  body,  excepting  that 
the  rostrum  aj)pears  to  terminate  at  the  front  limit  of  the  middle  coxa?,  and 
the  steriuil  parts  of  the  thorax  are  coarsely  punctat(i  as  above  and  more  j)ar- 
ticularly  at  the  margins  of  tlu^  separate  i)ieces. 

Length  of  the  nuile,  1;')""";  of  head,  2.9""";  breadth  of  same  beyond 
the  base,  2.4""";  length  of  thorax,  3  2/"V'"" ;  of  tc^gmina,  11""";  breadth  of 
same  near  tip,  4.35"'"';  length  of  scutelluni,  4.2""";  breadth  of  same,  4.5""": 
greatest  breadth  of  abdomen,  S""";  l)readth  of  its  dorsal  face  at  tip  of  scu- 
telluni, (!"'"'.  Length  of  abdomen  of  female,  measured  l)eneath,  4""';  breadth 
of  .same,  5™"':   width  of  fissured  jdate,  1.2r»"'"'. 

Quesnel,  British  (.'olum))iii.     (hie  specimen,  X(t.  .">X.  r)r.  (i.  ^f.  Dawson. 


i 


■III 


ill 


2.    TkI.F.O.S'  ;.  .STtTs    IMGORATrs. 
Fl.  28,  h'JK'.  14. 

Head  punctate,  the  putu-ta'  moderately  deej)  and  rather  sparse,  ab.sent 
from  the  extreme  back  of  the  head.  Thorax  irregularly  punctate,  at  the 
sides  very  deep  and  sharp,  on  the  disk  shallow  and  Iialf  obscured,  everv- 
where  irregularly  distriltuted  and  rather  distant,  showing,  however,  a  tend- 
ency to  run  in  lines  in  various  directions  but  never  crossing  one  another  and 
generally  transverse  ;  a  straight,  transverse,  slightly  im]>ressed,  broad  sul- 
cation  free  of  punctuation  a  little  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the  apical  hall 
of  the  tliorax.  Scutellum  nuich  more  coarsely  and  more  bluntly  punctate, 
reaching  barelv  two-tifths  vva}  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  llemelytra  with 
the  coriuin  jiunct^ite  like  the  thorax,  but  distinct  and  sharp  throughout,  t!ie 
puncta'  along  the  (utstal  margin  clustered  next  the  edge,  leaving  an  open, 
narrow,  sul)inargiiu»l  space  in^t-  of  punctuation.  Whole  body  uniform 
yriseous. 


in-: 
(  ■ 


i 


HEMIPTEUA— HETEKOl'TEUA— PKNTATOMID.D.  457 

I^ength,  16.7.')""";  breadth  across  base  of  closefl  henielytra,  7.5""". 
Flori.ssaii'i.     Two  specimens,  No.s.  8066,  12072. 

3.    'rKKEOSCHISTl'S    rr.ACATlIS. 
I'l.  28,  Fi{;.  3. 

Head  not  preserved  on  the  sin<>lo  specimen  known.  Thorax  bluntly 
punctate  tiu'oughout,  mostly  rather  coarsely,  besides  which  the  surface  is 
more  or  less  roujfhened  except  just  in  advance  of  the  scutellum,  where  it  is 
smooth,  and  the  puncta-  rather  tine  and  a  little  sharper.  Scutellum  reach- 
ing barely  two-fifths  way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  uniformly  punctate 
throughout  like  the  greater  part  of  the  thorax.  (Jorium  of  hemelytra 
rather  sharply,  deeply,  very  uniformly  and  not  very  sparsely  piuictate,  the 
|)unct;p  witli  a  tendency  to  a  longitudinal  arrangement,  liody  griseous, 
corium  of  hemelytra  griseo-castaneous,  the  clavus  and  costal  iield  of  coiium 
darker,  a  pallid  line  following  the  sutura  clavi,  and,  less  distinctly,  the  lower 
edge  of  the  ])rincipal  cost.al  vein  and  tlie  outer  margin  of  the  broadly  sinu- 
ous marginal  suture ;  membrane  slightly  infumated  with  a  small  but  distinct 
dark  triangular  coi'iaceous  spot  at  extreme  inner  base. 

Length  (without  head),  12.7.">"'"' :  breadth  at  base  of  hemelytn',  6.7;V""'. 

Kloris.sant.     One  s])ecimen.  No.  r)4G(). 

2.  THNETOSCMISTUS  gen.  nov.  (OyrfTo?,  (JyjaTtk). 

Body  moderately  slender  with  nearly  parallel  sides.  Head  with  prDm- 
inent  moderately  large  eyes,  scarcely  broader  than  long,  less  than  half  the 
width  of  the  thorax,  scarcely  shorter  than  it,  the  portion  in  front  of  the  eyes 
as  long  as  the  part  behind  them,  tapering,  subtriangular,  bluntl}'  pointed, 
tlie  tylum  distinctly  surpassing  tlie  juga;  antennjc  with  the  basal  joint  not 
attaining  the  front  of  the  head,  the  second  apparently  just  longer  than  the 
thorax.  Thorax  two  and  a  half  times  broader  than  long,  apparently  witli 
a  slight  angulate  prominence  at  the  I)a8e  of  the  sides,  in  front  of  which  the 
sides  taper  very  rapidly,  fornung  one  curve  with  the  broadly  rounded  front, 
which  has  no  eu.argination  for  the  reception  of  the  head.  Scutelluni  tri- 
angular with  straight  sides  and  bluntly  angulate,  not  produced  apex,  con- 
siderably longer  than  the  thorax,  but  not  reaching  half-way  to  the  apex  of 
the  rather  elongated  produced  abdomen, 

.V  single  species  is  known. 


1  :■ 


11 


m 


458  TEKTlAKi  iNriEUTS  OF  i^OKTU  AMEltlCA. 

'riiNKToscmsTiia  hevulsiis. 
ri.  L's,  viji.  (i. 

Whole  body  f^riseous,  tlio  jiif^ii  apparently  lighter  than  the  tylum,  the 
membrane  faintly  intiunated.  Head  faintly,  shallowly,  and  (ioarsely  punc- 
tate; thorax  disfinotly,  rather  sparsely,  and  coarsely  punctate ;  scutellnm 
still  more  eoarsely  punctate,  but  otherwise  similar;  corium  of  hemelytra 
punctate  like  tln^  thorax,  but  less  coarsely  and  less  sparsely. 

Leuifth,  U.")""";  breadth  of  base  of  thorax,  6.5""". 

Kloris.sant.  One  specimen.  No.  1.837,  collected  by  the  Princeton 
Expedition. 

;}.   H(rrK8rirrSTU!S  oen.  nov.  (TroTt,  ayjarM). 

Remarkable  for  the  rej^ularly  ovate  form  of  the  liody.  [Head  unfortu- 
nately wantinji;'.]  iiiorax  more  or  less  broken  and  crushed,  so  as  to  render 
its  precise  form  indeterminable,  but  apparently  it  was  uniforndy  vaulted, 
nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  ta|)ering  from  the  very  base  with  no  lateral 
jirojections,  the  sides  arcuate  and  tapering  pretty  regularly,  the  outer 
anteriiir  angles  well  rounded,  the  apical  margin  less  than  half  the  width  of 
the  base,  gently  and  rcgidarly  finarginatc  for  tliu  reci-ptioii  of  the  head. 
Scutellnm  triangular,  as  long  as  Iiroail  bv  rea.son  of  tin-  arcuation  at  the 
base  of  the  otherwise  straight  sides,  the  tip  angnhite,  not  in  the  least  rounded 
or  produced,  reaching  l)ari'ly  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  somewhat  (conical 
al)domen,  which  the  hemelytra  surpass  a  little. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

PoTESCHISTra    OUNUHILIJS. 
I'l.  28,  Fig.  18. 

The  thorax  is  smooth  except  for  an  exceedingly  sparse,  low,  and  incon- 
spicuous gramilation.  Scutellnm,  on  the  contrary,  very  coarsely  granulate 
indeed  and  less  sparselv;  the  hemelytra  midwav  between  the  two  and 
tcderablv  dense;  membranal  suture  with  a  barely  per('eptil)le  arcinition 
opening  outward.  an<i  tlie  otherwise  (dear  but  faintK  veined  nu'mbraiu> 
coriaceous  at  its  extreme  imier  base,  l)et\veen  the  mend)raiial  suture  and  the 
end  of  the  claval  suture.  Whole  body  brownish  griseous,  the  scutellum 
lighter. 

Length,  excbiding  head,  i:{. 7.')""":   breadth.  7.5""". 

l''Ioris.sant.     One  specimen.  No.  I  J7"_'. 


i% 


HKMn"riOUA-niyniUOl'J'KllA~l'fc3NTATUiMII>,1'5. 


J 


459 


4.  CA(10H(MIISTUS  gen.  iiov   (uauh?,  ff^/ffr(5?). 

(JloHely  related  t.(i  Miitii'o.scliistiis,  from  whicli  it  differs  mainly  in  the 
.structure  of  the  head,  whicli  is  Iji-oiidcr,  with  a  less  |iromiiiciii  front:  it  is 
nuire  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the  eyes  very  large,  the  portion  in 
front  of  them  scarcely  tai)ering,  not  so  long  as  the  eyes,  broadly  rounded 
apically,  the  tylum  and  juga  of  ecpial  length,  the  whole  head  but  little 
longer  than  the  intraocular  space.  Tiiorax  in  the  middle  considerably 
longer  than  the  head,  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  its  middle  length, 
tapering  from  the  very  base,  at  first  slightly,  afterwards  rapidly,  with  the 
outer  anterior  angles  well  rounded  by  the  arcuation  of  the  sides  and  not  at 
all  prominent,  and  posteriorly  with  no  lateral  projection  whatever,  the  apical 
border  rather  deeply  emarginate  for  the  reception  of  the  head,  the  middle 
half  of  the  emargination  hardly  arcuate.  Scutellum  triangular,  with  straight 
sides  and  an  angulate,  in  no  way  produced  apex,  which  barely  reaches  lialf- 
way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  which  tlui  hemelytra  surpass.  Body  rather 
slender  (for  this  group)  with  parallel  sides. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Cacoschistus  maceriatus. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  2. 

The  head  appears  to  be  smooth;  the  thorax  lather  coarsely,  very  sparsely, 
and  irregularly  granulate ;  the  scutellum  and  corium  of  hemelytra  similarly 
but  more  closely  and  less  irregularly  granulate  ;  corium  of  hemelytra  long, 
the  membrane  hardly  occupying  more  than  the  a))ical  fourth.  Whole  body 
blai'kish  griseous. 

Lengtli,  incuiding  hemelytra,  14.75""" ;  breadth,  6""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  1331b  and  13319. 

f).  MA'I\E()SCII1STUS  gen.  nov.  {ficcraw;,  axiarS?). 

Of  the  general  form  of  Euscliistus  but  far  more  elong.ite,  with  parallel 
K^ides,  probably  not  far  removed  from  Mecocephala.  Head  broad  at  base, 
the  eyes  being  large  ;  beyond  tapering  and  prolonged,  almost  exactly  as  in 
the  typical  Mecocephala,  the  tip  being,  however,  more  broadly  rounded,  the 
whole  head  twice  as  long  as  its  intraocular  breadth :  vyliun  apparer\tly  a 
little  longer  than  the  juga,    '  ■^t  joint  of  antemwe  not  nearly  attaining  the 


460 


TKHTIAKY   INHKdTH  (»y  NORTH  AMKRI(\\. 


j     i 

ill' 


front  of  tlio  head,  the  aocoiul  slifrhily  loiij^er  than  the  head.  Thorax  in  mid- 
dle a  little  shorter  than  the  head,  about  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  the 
middle  length,  the  posterior  half  of  ecjiial  width,  in  front  tapering  rapidly  by 
the  obli(|ue  straight  sides,  the  apical  nearly  half  as  broad  as  the  basal  mar- 
gin and  roundly  emarginato  to  receive  the  head.  Scutellum  triangular, 
witU  straight  sides  and  aiiguhitcd  apex  in  no  way  produced,  reaching  half- 
way to  the  tip  of  the  abdonien.  Uemelytra  consid('ral)lv  surpassing  the 
abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Mat.i:os("hi.'<tiis  ijmiof.nus. 

The  whole  ]»odv  with  tiie  antenna'  and  leys  blackish  or  blackish  "ris 
eous;  the  outer  margins  and  sides  of  the  head  appear  to  be  darker  than  the 
central  portions,  the  C(»riuni  of  the  heiiiel\  tra  evidently  te.<ta;*eous  and  the 
mendtrane  clear.  The  head  a]»pears  to  b(^  sniootli ;  the  thorax  is  coarseh', 
and  the  scutellum  very  coarsely,  granulate,  ami  the  corium  of  -ho  hemelvtra 
faintl\  granulate  on  the  basal  portions  like  the  thontx. 

Length.  14..')""":   bn-adth  of  thorax,  6""". 

Florissant.  One  specimen,  Nd.  l.l()i»5,  oijtained  l>y  the  Princeton  ( 'oi- 
lege  Expedition. 

6.  POLlOSClllSTl'S  <ii'n.  nov.  {7ro\ib?,axio-T<)';). 

Mody  with  tlu?  general  form  of  Kuschistus.  Head  of  model. ite  size, 
the  part  in  front  of  the  eyes  sulxjuadrati',  a  trifle  broader  than  the  intraoc- 
ular space,  tlie  tylum  and  juga  of  ecpial  length,  the  outer  angles  of  the  lat- 
ter a  little  rounded.  Thorax  very  short,  nearly  or  (piite  four  times  as  broad 
as  the  median  length,  the  ])osterior  part  of  the  sides  laterally  produced  to 
a  blunt,  stout  knob,  increasing  the  width  of  the  thorax  1)ut  little,  the  sith's 
in  front  rajjidly  tapering  with  a  concave  curve,  St  ntelliun  large,  broad, 
triangular,  with  an  aiigulate  and  in  no  w.iy  produced  apex,  reaching  half- 
way or  a  little  more  than  lialf-wav  to  the  tij)  of  the  alxlomen. 

Two  s|>ecies  are  known,  both  from  Florissant 

I'ltlitf  of  the  Kjiiiiri  of  I'olioi,  hinliix. 

I'liiK  tiiatioii  III"  coriiiiM  nl.itivily  ilclicuir.  i|ii>  pmKlii'  iiniiully  H«|iiirati'(l  by  niiicli  more  than  tlu'ir  own 
iliariiitir;   liciiu'lylia  lci»  tliHii  lull  I'  :is  loni;  ;!•<  hriilclliiiii I.    /'.  liyaliiH. 

I'liiM.'tiiatioM  iif  curiiMii  r(!latlvi!y  iiiiil'N<>,  tlif  |iiiiirl,i>  iiNiuilly  m-piiratril  by  only  mi  "inch  as  tir  v»<ry  litllii 
iiinre  than  tlnii  own  iliaini-ter  ;  lii'nnlyti.i  mini' than  tvvici"  a»  hmg  as  si'iilfllnm..'.'.   /'.   la/iiiluiini. 


i 


UEMIPTEHA— UETEKOPTEKA— I'ENTATOMllJ.L. 
1.    PoLIOMCIllsTliS    LlOATUH. 


461 


^B 


PI.  28,  Fig.  7. 

Head  distinctly,  i-iitlier  duiKsuly,  iiml  not  very  coarsely  punctate. 
Thorax  nuicli  more  coarsely  <jrantilate.  Scutellum  faintly  anil  rather 
coarsely  punctate.  Hemelytra  less  than  twice  as  lon<?  as  the  scutelhnn,  the 
punctuation  of  the  corhim  ratlu-r  delicate,  thu  puncta-  bein<f  usually  sep- 
arated by  niucli  tnorc  than  their  own  diameter.  Whole  body  uniformh- 
blackish  griseons.  the  membrane  of  hemelytra  infumated. 

Leiifi-th  of  body,  11""";  hemelytra,?..')""";  scutellum,  4""";  breadth  of 
thorax  at  base,  5.2.')"'"' ;  at  prominences,  6.75""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  2850. 

■J.    PoLIOSCHlSTirs   LAHIDARIUS. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  10. 

Of  this  species,  evidently  nearly  related  to  the  last,  only  the  scutellum 
and  one  of  the  hemelytra  are  preserved.  The  scutellum  is  heavily  and 
coarsely  punctate,  scarcely  shorter  than  liroiul,  apically  angulate,  with 
straight  sides.  The  hemelytra  are  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  scutel- 
lum, the  punctuation  of  the  corium  nuich  less  coarse  but  distinct  and  deep, 
the  puncta>  separated  usually  by  only  so  nuich  as  or  very  little  more  than 
their  own  diameter.  The  scutellum  is  blackish  griseons,  the  corium  rlark 
testaceous,  the  membrane  distinctly  infumated.  It  is  a  larger  species  than 
the  last. 

Length  of  hemelytra,  10'"'" ;  scutellum,  4.G'"'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1112. 


it 


7.  PKNTAT(^MITES  gen.  nov.  (Pentatoma  nom.  gen.). 

'I'his  name  is  proposed  for  an  obscure  form  of  Pentatomida%  which  can 
not  be  placed  with  any  of  the  others,  and  which  is  too  incomplete  to  char- 
acterize accurately.  TJie  head  is  nearly  half  as  broad  as  the  base  of  the 
thorax,  with  prominent  eyes,  but  the  front  too  broken  to  deternn'ue  anything 
about  it.  Thorax  slightly  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal  margin,  the 
sides  produced  into  broad  rounded  lobes,  which  increase  the  width  of  the 
thorax   by  fidly  one-half :   in  front   of  the  widest  expansion  the  sides  are 


ill 


462 


TKUTIAin    IN8K(JT8  OP  NOUTII  AMERIOA. 


ai'cuatu,  convex,  inergiiij''  into  tlio  broudly  rouiulod  apical  niai'f^iii,  which  is 
iiaiTowly  and  slijfhtly  eniaryiiiiite  for  the  reception  of  the  head.  Scutelhnu 
f(|iiiun«,''iilar,  with  strai<>ht  (and  n«»t,  as  i^iven  on  the  plate,  convex)  sides, 
longer  than  the  thorax,  tiie  apex  itlnntly  angular  and  in  no  way  produced, 
reaciiing  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
A  single  species  is  known. 

Pentaiomitks  foliarum. 

"I.  28,  Fifj.   I. 

A  single  speuMicn  with  partly  spread  heuielytra,  l)oth  extremities 
broken,  is  the  only  n-prcscMitative  at  hand  of  this  species,  which  dift'ers  con- 
siderably from  iill  others.  i'lic  iieiel  is  nitiicr  linely  and  ver\  sparsely 
punctate.  The  thorax  and  scutdhnn,  and  I'spt-cially  the  latter,  are  mucii 
more  coarsely  Itiit  ([uite  as  spiirsciv  pnnctalc,  wiiiic  the  punctuation  of  tlif 
corium  of  the  hemelytra  is  iMtwi-cii  the  two  bul  rather  less  sparse;  the 
membranal  suture  of  the  hemelytra  is  rigidly  straight  and  marked  by  a 
dark  line.  The  body  is  blackish  griseous.  nnudi  more  conspicuous  on  tlui 
scutellum  ami  disk  of  thorax  than  tfls('wher(%  the  corium  of  hemelytra 
merely  infusciited,  the  membrane  faintly  infumate. 

Length  of  fragment,  lo""";  probaldy  length  of  body,  16..')""";  breadth 
of  thorax,  !•"'"'  ;   abdomen,  (!.."»"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7!)29 


il       I 


i  ■• 


f.   < 


8.  TIHOSCllISTl'S  gen.  tiov.  (rn'pm,  (JxitTrM). 

Mead  rounded,  l>road(  i  than  long,  with  remarkably  little  projection  in 
advance  of  the  eyes;  antenu.e  aliout  twiie  as  long  as  the  head  and  tlutrax 
together,  tlii.-  first  joint  short,  l)arely  surpassing,  if  sur|)a.ssing,  tlie  head,  the 
sectmd  longest  and  about  as  long  as  the  width  of  thi'  head,  the  third  and 
toiirth  ecpial  and  eiich  about  thiee  toiirths  the  length  of  the  second,  all 
slender  be\oui|  the  liasal  joint,  the  lifth  unknown.  Tlii.iax  transverse  and 
Memilunai'.  only  .-.liglitl\  Ijroader  in  advance  of.  than  at,  iIk;  base  at  the 
lateral  augnlation.  uliieli  is  not  at  all  prominent  Scutellum  large,  triangu 
lar,  simple,  slightl\  longer  than  broad,  al.>out  as  long  as  head  and  thorax 
together.  l)ut  reaching  oidy  half-way  to  the  ti|)  of  the  abdomen. 

A  .single  s[)ecies  is  known. 


liKMII'TKUA— IlKTKItOI'TKUA— PKNTATOMIIJ.K,  463 

TlHOSCHlSTI-H    INDUKKSCENS. 
Fl.  22,  V\g.  A. 

TToad  finely  and  donsely  j>ramilnto  ;  autdnnit  very  minutoly  punctulate, 
with  an  cxcooding'ly  fino  median  oarina  on  llip  jiper  snrtaci'.  Tlinrax  and 
sc'Utellum  more  coarsely,  less  distinctly,  and  morn  sparsely  <>'rannlate,  the 
corium  of  the  hcnielytra  still  more  obscurely,  so  as  not  to  be  noticeable. 
Head,  thorax,  and  scntolhun  blackish  t>r  Ijlack.  (Jorium  and  clavus  ot 
hemelytra  very  light  colored,  almost  colorless,  with  the  base  largely  black- 
ish fuscous  and  the  apex  occupied  next  the  costal  margin  Avith  a  very  large 
roundish  fusco-castaneous  spot,  tlie  sutura  clavi  infuscated  and  punctate, 
the  membrane  pallid  at  base  but  the  whole  apical  tvvo-tifths  or  more  occu- 
pied by  a  fusco-castaneous  cloud,  densest  !>'<sally,  fading  toward  the  edge. 

Length,  10.75""":  breadtli  of  l)ase  of  thorax,  4"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  11784. 

9.  TllLlMMOSCHISTUS  gen.  nov.  (dM^co,  axtarc,?). 

Head  moderately  large,  rounded,  half  as  broad  as  tlio  thorax,  almost 
ecpially  long  and  broad,  the  front  rounded  and  not  produced  l)eyoud  the 
rounded  curve  of  the  whole  head ;  antenna-  with  the  basal  joint  distinctly 
surpassing  the  front,  the  remaining  joints  \ery  slender,  the  second  longest, 
the  others  subequal  and  each  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  second,  all 
together  half  as  long  as  the  body.  'I'horax  fully  three  times  as  broad  as  the 
median  length,  yet  tapering  from  the  1  iso  with  no  lateral  prominences,  the 
sides  very  oblique  and  straight,  the  iipicnl  nnirgin  deeply  eunu'glnate  to 
receive  the  head.  Sculellum  large  (not  shown  on  ])]ato,  being  very  obscure), 
reaching  fully  two-thirds  way  to  the  tip  of  the  short  abdomen,  but  triangular 
with  straight  sides  and  an  angulate  and  in  no  way  produced  apex.  Abdo- 
men very  broad  and  short,  the  extremity  very  broadi}'  rounded,  the  whole 
body  being  less  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  wi<ith  of  the  abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

THMMMOSCnlMTrTH    GKAVrilA'rim, 

PI.  28.  Fii(»   it    i'J 

Whole  body  uniforndy  rather  obscurely  and  sparsely  aiid  not  promi- 
nently granulate  and  blaclfMli.     IjLomelytra  the  amwu  but  uiily  pah;  and 


464 


TKKTIAUV   INSKIM'S  OK  NORTH  AMKUIOA. 


more  or  Iohh  int'iiDiated,  tlu*  costal  niiu'ifiii  of  tliu  (^oriiim  int'iiHcatod,  and  at 
the  apex  of  the  snine  a  hir^c,  round,  Idackmh,  cloudy  Hpot;  mombraiH' 
Infiiinntod  to  tiio  same  de;;roo  as  the  coninn,  hut  the  apical  two-fifths  ovei- 
laiii  hy  a  similar  l)lack  » loud,  which  fades  a  little  next  the  niarfrins  of  the 
winy. 

Lenjrth,  it'"   :   hrcadth  of  thorax,  a.5""";    ahdomen,  6.25""". 

Klorissii    I,     Twt)  specintens,  Now.  8171,  10400. 

l(t.   MKCOCKrilAI.A   Dallas. 

To  this  ircnus  helon<(s  asinj,'le  livinjf  insect  from  l'ni«jfUHy.  It  is  the 
only  jjenus  that  seems  to  have  heen  published  in  which  the  head  is  pro- 
loufred  to  an  e«|Ual  (h^yree,  which  tapia's  throuf^hout,  and  in  which  the  mid- 
dle lobe  is  not  sinpassed  l)y  the  lateral  lobes.  (J|uit(;  similar  in  this  respect 
is  a   frajjfment  from  Florissant,  which  unfortunatidy  consists  of  the  head 


only 


Mkcocki'Mai.a  sp. 

PI.  28,  Fig.  8. 

The  base  of  the  head,  includin<^'  the  larfje  eyes  but  not  the  parts 
behind,  is  a  little  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  louf^,  but  in  front  the  head 
is  prcdong^ed,  so  that  the  postocular  part  is  as  long  as  the  entire  breadth  of 
the  head.  This  portion  tapers,  at  first  rapidly  until  it  has  reached  the  intra- 
ocular width,  then  <rradually  to  the  apex,  which  is  scarcely  more  than  a 
third  the  intraocular  width :  the  tip  is  roundly  truncate.  At  first  a|)pear- 
ance,  aiul  as  given  in  the  plate,  the  whole  seems  to  be  made  uj)  (tf  the  lat- 
eral lobes,  the  middle  lobe  being  in  fact  very  slender  but  enlarging  a  little 
at  the  apex.  The  whole  is  blackish  fuscous  and  the  surface  of  the  base 
coarsely,    of    the   frontal    projection    fincdy,   and   in  ])oth   shallowly  and 


obscur 


•el 


y,  jjunctate. 


Length  of  head,  .')""";   Itreadth,  incliuling  eyes.  3.5""";  tip  of  prolonga- 


tion, ().6;V 


Klori.ssant.     One  specimen.  No.  3007. 


h' 


COI^EOPTHIRA    T  iiin6. 

Tn  workiiiff  out  tlieso  fossil  (!(»lo()|  cm  T  have  boon  jfroatly  indebted  to 
my  friends,  Dr.  (Joorire  II.  Horn,  tlio  Into  \h.  Juini  L.  Lo(!onto,  and  ospo- 
ciiillv  Ml".  Siinuud  lloiisiiaw,  iind  liiivo  liiid  free  iicc.oss  to  tlio  colloctions  of 
Mr.  llonsliiiw,  us  woll  as  to  tlioso  of  Mr.  K.  P.  Austin  whilo  in  Mr.  Ilon- 
shaw's  kooiiiuff,  and  of  the  late  Mr.  (iooi.fo  D.  Sniitli,  tor  all  of  which  I 
wish  tc  t'Xpross  my  jfratoful  thanks. 

F«or  the  remainder  of  this  volume  no  jfonoral  (iomparisons  are  presented 
und3r  tlie  ditVeront  groups,  as,  with  rare  exceptions,  none  of  the  Florissant 
species  are  described,  and  until  they  are,  the  American  fauna  can  not  bo 
fairlv  discussed. 


Family  ANTHRIBID/E  Waterhouse. 
CHOUAGLS   Kirby. 

CUOKAOUS   FICTIU8. 
PI.  S,  Fig.  \). 

A  siu^fle  spei  imen,  not  very  distinctly  preserved,  represents  tins  apeciea. 
It  shows  a  ]):irtially  dorsal  and  partially  lateral  aspect.  The  head  is  woll 
rounded,  the  mouth  parts  trianjifularly  produced,  to  a  greater  extent  and  more 
pointed  than  shown  in  the  plate.  The  antenniu  are  apparently  inserted  upon 
tlio  upper  surface  of  the  beak,  atul  are  more  or  less  clubbed,  which  circum- 
stances liavo  made  it  seem  probable  that  the  insect  belonged  hero.  The 
antenna',  however,  appear  to  become  thickened  into  a  club  throughout  all  the 
distal  half,  and  are  thus  different  from  Choragus;  they  can  be  seen  to  be 
jointed,  but  with  such  indistinctness  that  the  number  of  joints  involved  in 
the  club  is  uncertain.  The  thorax  is  (juadrato  and  apparently  half  as  long  as 
broad,  while  the  exceedingly  obscure  elytra  are  seen  to  be  teebly  striate ;  the 

VOL   XIII 30  .ir,5 


^0 


'^.r^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


laHA    125 
u  Si    12.2 


1.8 


L25  114    lil.6 


ffiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


'^^:^^ 


23  WiST  MAIN  STRliT 

WitSTIR.N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)872-4503 


^^I^- 


-^ 


1!^ 


466 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


body  is  unfortunately  broken  across  the  elytra,  which  has  given  the  draw- 
ing an  anomalous  appearance. 

Length  of  body,  2,4™™;  of  antennw,  0.5™™ ;  Lreadth  of  body,  0.75™™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No,  106  (Prof.  L.  A,  Lee). 


BRACHYTARSUS  Schonherr. 


Bbachytarsus  pristinus. 

PI.  7,  Fig,  26. 
Braohiitaritii  priitinui  Soadd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Oeogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  II,  S7  (1876). 

The  single  specimen  obtained  is  very  poorly  preserved  and  frag- 
mentary. The  head  is  roundish,  with  small  circular  eyes  0.08"™  in  diame- 
ter. The  prothorax  is  subquadrate,  considerably  larger  than  the  head  and 
nearly  as  broad  as  the  body  at  the  base  of  the  elytra ;  the  latter  are  broken. 

Length  of  fragment,  2.1™™;  breadth  of  same,  0.84"™;  length  of  head, 
0.39™™;  breadth  of  same,  0.4"";  of  thorax,  0  64™™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen.  No.  15216  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

CRATOPARIS  Schonherr. 

Cbatopabis  repebtcs. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  4. 

CratoparU  rtpertui  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Sarr.  Terr.,  IV,  768  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  shows  the  fragment  of  an  elytron,  which  is  referred 
to  this  genus  from  the  character  of  the  punctuation  and  the  arrangement  of 
the  striae.  It  closely  resembles  C  lunatus  f^ahr.  in  these  points,  but  must 
have  belonged  to  a  slenderer  insect,  about  as  large  as  C.  lugubris  Fahr. 
There  are  eleven  stria?  or  rows  of  pietty  large,  subconfluent,  short,  longi- 
tudinal dashes  or  oval  punctures,  deeply  impressed,  the  outer  of  which  fol- 
lows the  extreme  margin,  excepting  apically  ;  the  inner  stria  also  runs  very 
near  the  border ;  the  interspaces  between  the  first  and  second  and  between 
the  second  and  third  striae  are  equal  and  a  little  broader  than  the  interspaces 
between  tlie  other  striae  ;  the  inner  margin  is  delicately  grooved  next  the 
base,  as  in  C.  confusus. 


*i| 


COLEOPTERA— ANTHEIBIDJ?. 


467 


Length  of  fragment,  4.3""^ ;  width  of  elytra,  1.6""» ;  width  of  interspace 
between  second  and  third  striae,  0.21""";  between  thii-d  and  fourth  striae, 
O.IS'"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4035. 

CbATOPAEIS   ?   ELU8U8. 

P1.8,  Fig.  40. 

Cratopans  t  elusua  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  768-769  (1878). 

To  this  I  refer  doubtfully  two  specimens,  neither  of  them  very  perfect, 
which  appear  to  belong  together,  and  to  represent  an  insect  allied  at  least 
to  Cratoparis  and  of  about  the  size  of  G.  lunatus  Fahr.  It  appears  to  have 
a  shoj't  rostrum,  a  moderately  small  but  rather  tumid  head  with  circular  eyes; 
thorax  not  greatly  attenuated  anteriorly,  but  profusely  punctate,  with  mod- 
erately large  and  rather  shallow  punctures ;  elytra  arched,  nearly  three  times 
longer  than  the  thorax  when  measured  over  the  curved  back,  furnished  with 
slight  and  faintly  impunctured  striae ;  the  smface  between  the  striae  also 
punctured,  but  very  faintly. 

Length  of  body,  1.5""" ;  of  thorax,  2.25""" ;  of  elytra,  5.5°"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  4012,  4060. 

HORMISCUS  Waterhouse. 

HoKMISCUS   PARTITUS. 
PI.  8,  Fig.  17. 

A  single  specimen  showing  the  upper  surface  of  a  min'  ,  beetle  seems 
to  fall  in  this  immediate  vicinity.  Only  a  little  of  the  head  is  shown,  pro- 
truding as  a  rounded  mass  in  front  of  the  minutely  punctate  thorax,  which  is 
subquadrate  with  gently  rounded  sides,  scarcely  tajiering  anteriorly.  The 
e.yira  at  their  base,  as  throughout  .their  bas-l  two-thirds,  are  together  half 
ad  bi'^ud  again  as  the  thorax,  and  are  marked  by  straight  longitudinal  rows, 
of  wiiich  eight  are  visible  on  each  elytron,  of  large  round  punctures,  about 
as  distant  In  each  row  as  the  rows  are  from  one  another. 

Length,  2.75""' ;  of  elytra,  1.8™"  ;  breadth  of  thorax,  O.O"" ;  oftegmina, 
1.4"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen  (Dr.  A.  S.  Piu-kiU'd) 


. 


i 


468 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Family  SCOLYTID/E  Kirby. 
HYLASTES  Eiichson. 

HyLASTES   f    SQtIALIDENS. 

ri.  I,  Figs.  23-25. 
Scnhjlidir  HiK  Scmia.,  Can.  Ent.,  XVIII,  194-196  (198fi). 

Prof.  G.  J.  Hinde  sent  me  a  branch  of  a  conifer  obtained  by  hint  from 
tlio  interglacial  clays  near  Toronto  on  account  of  its  being  scored  with  insect 
tracks.  From  an  examination  of  the  cell  structure  Dr.  G.  L.  Goodale  has 
determined  it  to  be  the  branch  of  Juniperus  communis.  It  is  about  12,;")""' 
in  lenjifth  and  13  by  18"""  in  thickness:  the  broader  surface  is  shown  of  the 
natural  size  in  PI.  1,  F\g.  23,  and  the  scorings,  which  cover  a  considerable 
part  of  the  surface,  are  made  by  several  distinct  tracks  of  a  scolytid  larva, 
which  appears  to  he  referable  to  HyLustes,  PhWosinus,  or  some  near  ally. 
There  are  parts  of  at  least  six  different  sets  of  tracks  on  this  small  frag- 
ment, portions  of  all  of  which  ma\  be  seen  in  the  figure,  and  are  marked 
by  the  different  letters  at  the  sides.  The  whole  of  that  seen  at  d  is  enlarged 
in  Fig.  24,  which  shows  a  little  more  than  can  be  seen  in  Fig.  '2Sd. 

The  mating  chamber  is  more  or  less  triangular,  resembling  often  a 
shark's  tooth  in  form  (whence  the  name)  generally  etpiiangular  or  tridentate, 
the  apex  upward  (see  especially  c,  d).  Two  of  these  chambers  from  which 
n(»  main  galleries  take  their  rise  occur  on  the  stick ;  they  may,  however, 
have  some  <>ther  explanation,  since  tlu^y  are  nmch  narrower  and  much  more 
deeply  excavated  than  the  other  mating  chambers.  Possibly  they  were 
unsatisfactory  to  the  constructor  and  left  unfinished. 

From  the  mating  chambers,  which  are  not  deep  and  are  about  3"'"'  in 
diameter,  j)ass  the  main  galleries ;  these  generally  run  obliquely,  but  more 
nearly  transverse  than  longitudinal  (as  in  Fig.  24),  are  subequal,  and  take 
their  rise  one  on  either  side  of  the  mating  chamber  at  tho  lateral  angles  and 
run  in  exactly  or  almost  exactly  opposite  directions.  In  one  case,  however 
{d),  there  is  l)Ut  one  main  gallery,  anil  in  another  (/)  they  are  at  right  angles 
to  each  otiier,  one  being  h)ngitudinal ;  but  in  this  latter  ca.se  the  mating 
chamber  is  in  the  reverse  of  tlf  usual  position,  the  ajjex  being  downward. 
These  main  galleries  vary  from  1.5  to  H"""'  in  length,  and  are  slightly  more 
than  a  millimeter  wide,  witli  ch^iitate  edge.s,  marking  probably  the  sinuses 
where  the  eggs  are  laid  by  the  parent. 


I!, 


(JOLEOPTEBA— SCOLYTID^. 


469 


At  least  this  is  the  custom  with  tiie  mining'  beotlesj ;  but  here,  as  in 
some  other  rare  cases,  the  young  larva;  do  not  begin  to  mine  at  right  angles 
to  the  main  gallery,  but  all  start  from  one  spot,  either  the  summit  of  the  mat- 
ing chamber  or  the  extremity  of  one  of  the  main  galleries,  and  thence  burrow 
in  irregular  anu  somewhat  interlacing  mines  in  a  longitudinal  direction  (see 
Fig.  24),  but  nearly  all  apparently  either  upward  or  else  downward,  not, 
as  usually,  in  the  two  directions  almost  equally.  Apparently  they  may  often 
turn  upon  their  course  again  and  again,  or  they  may  mine  in  an  almost 
perfectly  straight  line  or  in  a  tortuous  line  for  as  much  as  5"'",  in  the  wliole 
of  which  distance  the  mhie  will  scarcely  have  doubled  in  width  ;  indeed,  in 
man}'  cases  it  is  difficult  to  tell  in  which  direction  the  larva  has  moved. 
Tiie  greatest  width  of  these  mines  is  scarcely  more  than  half  a  millimeter 
and  they  vary  greatly  in  depth.  The  depth  of  those  at  a  may  be  seen  in 
the  enlarged  drawing  of  this  portion  in  Fig.  25. 

The  connection  between  the  main  galleiy  and  the  mines  is  often  ob- 
scure, owing  doubtless  to  the  younger  larvae  burrowing  more  i-n  the  bark 
than  in  the  wood  (the  bark  being  here  entirely  lost).  In  one  case  (c)  there 
is  a  mating  chamber  and  a  pair  of  short  galleries,  but  nothing  more ;  here 
apparently  the  mother  fell  a  prey  to  some  enemy  before  oviposition. 

This  mode  of  origin  of  tlie  larval  mines  seems  to  be  different  from  any- 
thing liitherto  described,  and  it  is  therefore  difticult  to  decide  to  wliat  minor 
group  of  insects  the  creature  constructing  the  mines  belonged.  In  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Cambridge  is  a  mine  of  Scolytus  rugulosus  on 
cherry,  which  shows  a  somewhat  similar  distribution  of  the  larval  mines, 
emerging  and  diverging  from  one  point  of  the  mating  chamber ;  but  the 
main  galleries  are  reduced  to  almost  nothing,  and  the  figures  of  the  mines 
of  this  species  given  by  Uatzeburg  are  altogether  different. 

Tiiis  specimen  is  one  of  those  branches  *'  of  some  coniferous  tree,"  which 
Mr.  Hinde  in  his  article  on  the  glacial  and  interglacial  strata  of  Scarboro 
Heights,'  states  to  occur  in  the  layers  between  the  beds  of  clay  and  sand 
fouiul  between  his  "till  No.  1 "  and  "  till  No.  2,"  and  which  are  described 
as  "flattened  by  pressure,  their  edges  .  .  .  worn  as  if  they  had  been 
long  macerated  in  water."     This  is  e.xactly  true  of  the  present  fragment. 

'  Can.  Jour.  Sc.  Lit.  Hist.,  XV,  :i8S-4i:{,  plate,  1877. 


Hi! 


sy 


470  TEUTIABY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTll  AMHUIOA. 

DRYOCyETES   Eichhorn. 

DrYOC^TES    IMPRE88U8. 
PI.  8,  Fig.  28. 

Trypodeniiron  impremiua  Scailil.,  Bull.  U.S. Oeol.Ooogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  11,8:1  (1876). 
Dryoeifki  impreiiuH  8cml(l.,  Hull.  V.  8.  Oonl.  Goo){r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  7(i7-70S  (1878). 

This  species  has  tlie  protliorax  punctured  as  distinctly  as  the  elytra, 
and  the  punctures  on  the  elytra  show  but  a  slight  tendency  to  a  longitudi- 
nal arrangement.  The  punctures  of  the  protliorax  are  longitudinally  obo- 
vate,  a  very  little  more  frecpient  than  on  the  elytra,  equally  distributed 
throughout ;  on  the  elytra  they  sire  also  equally  distributed,  l)ut  circular, 
about  0.04""°  in  diameter,  and  average  0.1'"'"  in  distance  apart;  they  hf.ve 
but  an  obscure  longitudinal  arrangement  into  nineteen  or  twenty  rows, 
and  the  successive  punctures  of  each  row  are  at  about  the  same  average 
distance  apart  as  those  of  two  contiguous  rows.  The  species  is  of  about 
the  size  of  D.  septentrionalis  (Mann.),  but  has  more  of  the  markings  of  I), 
affaber  (Mann.),  although  the  punctuation  of  the  elytra  is  not  so  distinctly 
separable  into  longitudinal  series. 

Length  of  protliorax,  1.28""";  height  of  same,  1.44""" ;  length  of  elytra, 
2.8'"'";  breadth  of  same,  1.24""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Four  specimens,  Xos.  l.")218  (F.  C.  A.Rich- 
ardson), 4009,  4048,  4091  (Bowditch  and  Scudder). 

DRYOCiETES   CARBONARIUS. 

ri.  8,  Fig.  6. 

Dryoarles  earbonarius  Srnild.,   Hull.   IT    S.  fieol.  Oeogr.  Snrv.  T<'rr.,  IV,  76H  (1878). 

Another  species,  not  very  closely  allied  to  the  last,  is  represented  by 
a  single,  rather  mutilated  specimen,  whicii  is  jiitchy-black,  and  consists  of 
part  of  the  head,  thorax,  and  elytra.  The  head  is  ratlier  long,  faintly  and 
not  very  closely  punctured,  the  eye  moderately  large  and  circular.  The 
thorax  is  proportionally  linger  than  in  the  preceding  species;  the  front 
margin  recedes  a  little  on  the  sides,  and  the  surface  is  subrngose  by  sub- 
confluent  punctures,  the  walls  of  which  form  wsivy  ridges  having  a,  longi- 
tudinal dire<!tioii.  The  elytra  are  I  roken  at  the  tip ;  their  outer  aiiteri(»r 
angle  is  obliquely  excised,  and  tlie  outer  margin  behind  it  straight,  not  sin- 
uate, as  in  the  preceding  species;  tiie  surface  is  rather  coarsely,  but  very 


OOLEOPIERA— CURCULIONID^. 


471 


faintly  granulate,  more  distinctly  next  the  base,  but  even  here  very 
vaguely ;  and  there  are  faint  indications  of  three  or  four  distant,  simple, 
longitudinal  strioe. 

Lengtli  of  the  fragment  as  curved,  4'""' ;  of  head,  1.1"""? ;  of  thorax, 
1.3""";  probable  length  of  elytra,  3.15"'"';  width  of  same,  1.5""";  diameter 
of  eye,  OM""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  3999, 


Family  CURCULIONIDvE  Leach. 
CRYPTORHYNCHUS  Illiger. 

CrYPTORHYNCHUS   ANN0SU8 
PI.  8,  Fip.  3. 

Cryptorhynohui  annoaui  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Ooul.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  86-S7  (1876). 

The  fragmentary  specimen  is  exposed  on  a  side  view,  with  head,  front 
of  prothorax,  and  all  the  legs  gone,  and  the  elytra  a  little  broken.  The  pro- 
thorax  is  profusely  and  uniformly  pitted  with  moderately  shallow  pits, 
averaging  .OG"""  in  diameter ;  the  elytra  are  traversed  by  longitudinal 
costiv,  five  of  which  are  much  more  prominent  than  the  others,  with 
sharj),  unbroken  edges  and  equidistant  from  one  another,  the  outer  ones 
in  close  proximity  to  the  sutural  and  outer  edges ;  the  other  costje  are 
obscure,  slightly  elevated,  rounded,  broken  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  into 
raised  points ;  midway  between  the  first  and  second  prominent  costa?  (count- 
ing from  the  outer  niai  gin)  there  is  an  exactly  similar  prominent  costa  on 
the  basal  third  of  the  elytron ;  the  prominent  costa;  are  0.2"'™  apart. 

Length  of  the  prothorax,  0.88'""';  height  of  same,  1.04'""';  length  of 
elytron,  1.96""";  breadth  of  same,  LOS""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen.  No.  15223  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

GYMNETRON  Schonhem 

Gymnetron  lecontei. 

PI.  8.  Fig.  26. 

Gymnelion  lecontei  ScikW.,  Ball.  U.  S.  Gool.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  707  (1878). 

A  single  well  preserved  specimen,  vvitli  its  reverse,  lies  in  such  a  posi- 
tion as  to  show  a  partly  lateral  and  partly  dorsal  view  ;  the  legs  are  also  pre- 


472 


TKKTIARY  INaECTS  OF  NOIUTU  AMKRICa. 


II 


served,  so  that  it  is  one  of  tlie  most  perfect  of  the  (irt'eii  Hiver  Ooleoptera. 
The  smnll  iiend,  \oufr  iind  slender,  straight,  and  (h'oo])in<;  siiout,  the  taperinjr 
thorax,  broad  and  short  striate  elytra,  thickened  femora,  and  ](n\pr  and 
slender  tibiie  leave  little  donbt  that  h  should  be  referred  to  (J3  innetron  or  to 
its  immediate  vicinity.  It  is  very  nearly  as  large  as  G.  teter  Schiinh.,  with 
which  it  closely  agrees  in  almost  every  part.  The  third  tarsal  joint  is  simi- 
larly expatided.  The  real  length  of  the  rostriun  can  not  be  determined  from 
the  position  of  the  insect,  but  it  is  apparently  as  long  as  the  head  and  tliorax 
together,  is  very  nearly  straight,  slender,  scarcely  enlarged,  and  oblifjuely 
docked  at  the  tip ;  only  a  portion  of  the  antennal  scrobes  can  be  seen  ;  this 
is  in  the  middle  of  the  beak,  where  the  groove  is  narrow,  deep,  sharply 
defined,  and  inclined  sliglitly  dowi  ward  toward  the  base  of  the  beak.  The 
thorax  is  subrugulose,  and  the  surface  of  the  elytra  smooth,  with  distinct, 
but  not  deeply  impressed,  very  faintly  punctured  stria*.  The  whole  speci- 
men is  piceous. 

Length  of  body,  3.15""";  of  snout,  !"'"•(?);  of  head  and  thorax,  O.ir- ; 

of  thorax,  0.7ft""";  of  elytra,  2.25""";  of  hind  tibia',  1.5 ;  distance  ajjart 

of  elytral  stria'  0.1"'"'. 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.     One  8{)ecimen,  Nos.  4030  and  4047. 


:■  il 


ANTIIONOMUS  German 

Anthonomus  sopokup. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  16. 

A  single  elytron  is  ])reserved,  in  excellent  condition.  It  is,  however, 
completely  tiattened,  bringing  the  aj)ex,  which  is  scarcely  ungulate,  in  the 
middle.  'I'here  are  nine  ecpiidistant,  rather  coarse,  not  greatly  elevated 
(perhaps  partly  tiattened  by  pressure),  coarsely  l»eaded  ridges  (represent- 
ing, bv  reversal,  stria-)  besides  the  .''utural  ridge,  the  third  and  fourth  from 
the  sutural  being  a  little  shorter  than  the  others,  which  increase  regularly 
in  length  from  within  outward.  The  smooth.  Hat  interspaces  are  fully 
twice  as  broad  as  the  stria*. 

Length  of  elytron,  2"'"' ;  breadth,  0.9""". 

The  elytron  differs  from  that  of  A.  defossus  previously  desciibed  from 
the  Florissant  Tertiaries  in  its  greater  size  and  apparently  greater  slender- 


COLEOPTEBA— CUUdULIONIDJi;. 


473 


nesH.    Tho  spociinons  of  A.  dufossiis  oxaminetl  give,  however,  a  lateral  view 
and  rendei  fonipftiison  somewhat  difficult. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  48  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 


HYLOBIUS  Germar. 

Hylobius  pbovectus. 

PI.  8,  Figs.  37,  41. 

Hylobiut  promtut  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oixil.  Geogr.  8urv.  Terr.,  II,  80  (187«);  IV,  7«7  (1878). 

The  single  specimen  first  found  is  very  poorly  preserved,  being  not 
only  fragmentary  but  faintly  impressed;  the  rostrum  is  broken,  so  that  its 
length  can  not  be  determined,  but  the  general  facies  of  the  insect  resembles 
that  of  H.  picivorus  Germ,  so  closely  that  it  must  be  referred  to  the  same 
genus.  The  rostrum  is  rather  stout ;  the  antennal  scrobes  are  slender,  and 
commence  not  far  beyond  the  eyes ;  the  eyes  are  very  large,  transverse 
obovate,  with  an  interior  clear  space,  as  described  in  i:pica}rus  saxatilis 
Scudd.,  with  very  small  facets,  scarcely  0.02"""  in  diameter.  The  thorax  is 
rather  small,  but  apparently  partially  concealed  by  the  way  the  specimen  is 
crushed,  not  very  tumid,  and  entirely  smooth.  The  elytra  are  of  much  the 
same  form  as  tl  ose  of  the  species  of  Epicpcrus  just  mentioned,  provided 
with  slender,  shallow,  impressed  lines,  about  0.22"'"'  apart ;  the  latter  are 
rather  delicately  punctured,  the  punctures  a  little  less  distant  from  one 
another  than  are  the  rows;  the  number  of  rows  can  not  be  determined  from 
this  specimen. 

Length,  exclusive  of  rostrum,  T)"'"' ;  length  of  broken  rostrum,  0.45'""' ; 
of  eyes,  0.9'"'";  breadth  of  same,  0.44"'"';  length  of  elytra,  4™"'. 

Another  specimen,  taken  by  Mr.  Howdltch  at  the  same  locality  as  the 
other,  shows  the  character  of  the  rostrum.  The  specimen  is  strangely  pre- 
served, as  there  appears  to  be  a  second  rostrum,  a  perfect  counterpart  of 
the  first,  attached  to  it  at  the  tij) ;  perhaps  this  belongs  to  another  indi- 
vidual, of  which  the  rostrum  only  is  preserved.  The  rostrum  is  about  as 
long  as  the  thorax,  scarcely  tapering  as  viewed  laterally,  gently  curved, 
with  a  median,  lateral,  longitudinal  groove,  directed  toward  the  middle  of 
the  eye,  just  as  in  H.  confusus  Kirb.,  besides  the  antennal  scrobes,  which 
are  directed  obliquely  toward  its  base. 


474 


TFUTIAUY  1N8K0T8  UF  NOUTU  AMKKKJA. 


Grt'cn  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specinienH,  Nos.  4061  (F.  C.  Bowditch), 
I62ir)  (F.  C.  A.  Kidmrdson). 

LISTIIONOTUS  Jekel. 

L18TBONOTU8  MURATU8. 
PI.  8,  Fig.  23. 

A  Hniiill  Hpecios,  represented  by  a  single  specimen  showing  a  lateral 
view.  The  beak  is  a  little  longer  than  the  thorax,  tolerably  stout  (not 
tapering,  as  the  figure  would  seem  to  represent  it),  the  antonnal  groove 
reaching  nearly  to  the  tip,  the  eye  moderately  large,  round,  '('he  whole 
body  is  rather  slender,  the  thorax  tapering  slightly  forward  from  just  beyond 
its  bnse,  faintly  and  sparsely  punctulate ;  the  fore  femora  increase  pretty 
uniformly  in  size  from  the  base  to  near  the  tip,  where  they  are  twice  as 
broad  as  near  the  base.     Klytra  with  distant  thin  striir. 

Length  of 'body,  not  including  rostrum,  4  75""";  of  head  and  rostrum 
coinbintMl,  1.7.5""";  of  pronotum,  1.2™"';  of  elytra,  3.2.5""'. 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  90  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

ENTIMUS  Germar. 

TIMl'S   PHIMOKDIALIS 
PI.  r.,  Figs.  109,  1(»J)<1. 

EnlimuK  p>-imordiaU»  Scndd.,  null.  U.  S.  Geol.  noo){r.  Siirv.  Torr.,  II,  81  (187G) ;  In  ZIttel,  Ilnmlli.  <l. 

I'ftliixmt.,  I,  ii.  789,  Fin.  1011  (ISST.). 

Besides  a  crushed  elytron  there  are  only  some  indeterminate  fragments 
of  the  neighboring  parts  of  tlie  body.  The  form  and  sculpturing  of  t\w 
elytron  resemble  those  of  the  Brazilian  diamond-beetle  so  closely  that  I 
place  the  species  provisionally  in  tbe  same  genus,  or  until  further  remains 
are  obtained,  'i^he  insect  must  have  been  rather  small  for  an  Entimus,  is 
of  about  the  usual  size  of  tlie  species  of  Otiorhynchus,  and  it  is  not  at  all 
improb.able  that  it  should  be  referred  to  the  latter  genus,  some  species  of 
which  have  elytra  with  similar  sculpturing  and  approximately  the  same 
form.  The  elytron  is  traversed  by  ten  similar,  stout  and  coarse,  longitudi- 
nal costa*,  most  of  which  are  l)roken  up  by  transverse  depressions  into 
bead-like  hemispherical  prominences;  at  the  tip  of  the  elytron,  however, 
and  on  the  apical  half  of  the  inner  two  costaj  this  irregularity  is  nearly  or 


OOLEOl'TIiltA— OTIOHUYNCUID.E. 


47t 


» 


quite  lost  sight  of;  the  edges  of  the  elytron  for  about  the  width  of  one  of 
the  costm  is  also  sinootli  and  depressed ;  the  front  border  is  sinuous,  and 
the  sutural  margin  appears  the  same  on  the  »tone,  from  the  compression  the 
elytron  has  undergone,  which  was  sufficient  to  split  it  down  the  middle 
through  half  its  length. 

Length  of  fragment,  H""" ;  greatest  breadth  of  unsplit  portion,  4"'"'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  Kiver,  Colorado.    One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Family  OTIORHYNCHID^C  Shuckard. 
EUDIAGOGUS  Schonherr. 

EUDIAOOGUS    TKKK08U8. 

PI.  8,  Fift.  '29. 

Kudiagoijut  terro»iu  Soudd.,  Bull.  V.  S.  OboI.  Geogr.  8urv.  Terr.,  IV,  78«-7fi7  (1878). 

This  species,  which  seems  more  properly  referable  to  Eudiagogus  tlian 
the  others  formerly  so  named  by  me,  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen 
and  its  reverse,  preserved  on  a  side  view.  The  snout  is  short,  as  long  as  the 
eyes,  scarcely  so  long  as  the  head,  and  stout ;  the  eyes  transverse,  rather 
large,  subreniform.  The  tliorax  appears  to  be  smooth,  like  the  head,  deep 
and  short,  its  front  border  extending  forward  on  the  sides  toward  the  lower 
part  of  the  eye.  The  elytra,  the  lower  surface  of  which  does  not  appear  to 
be  in  view,  are  broad  and  long,  rectangular  at  tip,  furnished  with  more 
than  eight  rows  of  frequent,  rounded,  moderately  large  and  shallow  jjunct- 
ures,  and  between  each  pair  of  rows  a  similar  row  with  smaller  punctures. 

Length  of  body,  6""" ;  of  elytra,  4.55""" ;  of  eyes,  O-S'"™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  4024  and  4078. 

TANYMECUS  Germar. 

Tanymkcus  seculorum. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  22. 

A  single  specimen  preserved  on  a  side  view  shows  all  the  parts  of  the 
body  tolerably  well,  but  only  a  confused  mass  of  appendages.  Unfortu- 
nately the  plate  was  engraved  before  the  whole  of  the  head,  and  especially 
the   rostrum,  was  uncovered,  and  the  eye-like  spot  there  shown  is  wholly 


47(J 


TKUTIAUV  IN8KC!TH  OK  NOKTil  AMKIUOA. 


iii'cidt'iital,  no  hiicIi  pnitiiliuriinco  oxiHtinjf.  'I'lu*  jri'Hnml  appuarutiro  in  very 
Hiiiiilar  to  that  of  tutr  (toiiiiiion  Hpuciott  of  'raiiyiiutt'iiM.  'I'liu  lioad  and  Ixtak 
j'oiiihiiiod  are  a  littlo  Hliortor  than  the  tiioiax,  and  the  oye  \h  j'iicidar, 
lemovt'd  by  h^»H  than  lialf  itH  diameter  from  tlie  middle  of  the  front  border 
»»f  the  protiiorax  and  hut  little  narrower  than  the  tip  t)f  the  ro«trnm.  The 
hciiil  and  rostrum  appear  to  bo  nearly  Hmooth,  the  prothorax  to  be  t'(»arHely 
and  sodu'what  trauHverHely  nijjuloMe,  and  the  Htria-  of  the  elytra  to  be  et)arHe, 
with  lar^e  and  deep  puncturoH,  whiuh  ^vovv  Huialler  and  Hhallower  in  the 
apical  half.  All  this  \n  shown  only  in  reverse,  the  single  npecimen  being  a 
roverMe. 

licngtli,  fi.')™"';  of  head,  including  roHtrum,  l.A'""';  of  pronotuni, 
l.(]""";  <»f  elytra,  4""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  91  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


OTIOUIIYNOIIUS  Oermar. 
Otiorhynciius  perditus. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  L'fi. 

nHoihiinihuK  ixiililiin  Sciiilil.,  Hull.   I".  S.  (U'ol.  (}«0({r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  84  (lH7(i);   IV,  7fl«?(IH78). 

A  single  specimen,  showing  a  side  aspect,  tlitVers  from  the  living  species 
of  Otiorhynciius,  with  which  I  have  compared  it,  in  not  having  the  prothorax 
conspicuously  smaller  than  the  body  behind  it.  The  head  is  withdrawn 
into  the  prothorax,  almost  to  the  hinder  edge  of  the  eyes ;  the  snout  is  short, 
.stout,  .slightly  curved,  bluntly  rounded,  anil  rather  tapering  than  enlarged 
at  the  tip,  not  (juite  so  long  (measuring  from  the  front  edge  of  the  eyes)  s\n 
the  It'iigtli  of  the  ])ninotum  ;  the  eyes  are  rounded,  snbtriaiigular,  with  a 
ilianiet<'r  equal  to  half  the  width  of  the  snout,  the  central  facets  with  a  diani- 
(>t('r  of  0  027""" ;  the  antennal  scrobes  are  twice  as  long  as  broad,  commenc- 
ing at  the  middle  of  the  snout  and  extending  two-thirds  the  distance  thence 
to  its  tip.  The  prothorax  is  equal,  nearly  as  long  as  high,  n(»t  tumid,  rugu- 
lose.  The  elytra,  which  are  not  elevated  at  ba.se  above  the  prothorax,  are 
siiiiple,  Hot  very  tumid,  j)rovided  with  about  eight  longitudinal  slender 
rows,  <)..'}"""  apart,  of  low,  raised,  rounded  ])oints,  nearly  as  distant  from  one 
another  as  those  of  contiguous  rows;  midway  between  each  of  the.se  rows 
is  a  very  inconspicuous  dull  ridge.  Fragments  of  the  legs  remain,  which 
agret!  as  far  as  they  can  bo  made  out  with  the  same  parts  in  Otiorhyiu-hiis. 


wmiMRiijij)  J  ami"! 


OOLKOl'TKUA— OTIOUHYNCIlIDvK. 


477 


III  tlu)  ffoiioriil  H(!ulpturing  of  tho  elytra  thia  itiHect  \h  not  very  uiiliku  (). 
Huli'utiiH  (Kdbr.). 

IiOii}ftli,  S""";  of  Hiiout  boyoiid  front  of  oyen,  1,23""" ;  width  of  Hiiino, 
0.7;')"'"';  k'li^'th  of  iintoiiiuil  HcrobuH,  0.32""";  dininotor  of  (jyoH,  0.4(!""" ;  luiifrth 
of  pronotiim,  l.H""" ;  lieiglit  of  aaiiio,  2.28""" ;  hnifftli  of  olytra,  6.2""" ;  width 
of  Hiiino,  2.0r»""" ;  loiigtli  of  fore  femora,  1.8""". 

Orooii  Uivor,  VVyoininif,  Two  Hpecitnens,  Nos.  4021  (Scudder),  1521.*$ 
(Itioiiurdson). 

OriOHHYNCHIIS   TUMBiK. 
PI.  H,  Fig.  13. 

(Hhrhyiichui  diihlitt  Muiidtl.,  Hull.  V.  8.  (lool.  OeoKr.  8nrv.  Terr.,  IV,  7(i«(  (1H?8). 

A  cast  of  an  elytron  reHoniblo.s  ho  closely  the  elytron  of  O.  penlitiis, 
e.xcoptiiij?  in  size,  that  it  is  referred  to  tho  same  genus.  Only  nine  .^triie 
can  bo  counted,  but  all  of  those  at  the  outer  side  may  not  be  neeii ;  the 
inner  stria  is  very  close  to  tho  margin,  and  indeed  is  lost  in  it  both  above 
and  below,  but  this  may  be  due  simply  to  the  preservation.  The  stone  in 
which  they  are  pre.servod  is  coarser  than  usual,  coming  from  beds  about 
thirty  meters  directly  below  the  shales  which  have  furnishud  the  other  insect 
remiiins,  and  has  a  greater  adini.xture  of  sand;  conseciueatly  the  character 
of  the  surface  of  the  elytra  can  not  bo  determined,  bat  the  striic  ar<»  sharp 
and  narrow,  and  filled  with  longitudinal  punctures,  which  do  not  show  in 
tho  engraving.  With  the  e.'ccoption  of  a  couple  of  poor  specimens  of  Kpi- 
cieriis  effossus  Scudd.,  this  was  the  only  recognizable  insect  found  at  this 
locality. 

Length  of  elytron,  4 ';  breadth  of  same,  1.5"""'. 

Dr.  K.  Hergroth  having  called  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
recent  p]uropean  species  of  Otiorhynchus  bearing  the  specific  name  dubius, 
I  have  renamed  the  fossil  as  above. 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4204. 

OPHRYASTES  Schonherr. 

Ophryastes  compactus. 

PI.  8,  Fig,  39. 

Ophryaatea  tompactut  Scmld.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Ooogr.  Surv.  Torr..  IV,  Tfi.'i-TOG  (1878). 

A  single  specimen,  preserved  so  as  to  show  a  lateral  view  of  the  insect, 
appears  to  indicate  an  Otiorhynchid  allied  to  Ophryastes.     The  form  of  the 


m  ! 


478 


TEUTIAUY  INSIiCTS  OF  NOKTH  AMERICA. 


elytra,  indeed,  does  not  well  correspond,  since,  in  place  of  their  abrupt  pos- 
terior descent,  as  seen  in  O.  cinereus  Sclu'inh.  from  Mexico,  with  which  it 
agrees  best  in  general  features  as  also  in  size,  they  slope  very  gradually, 
and  appear  to  be  tumid  next  the  base.  Hut  the  structure  of  the  stout  snout, 
enlarged  apically,  with  very  obliipie  descending  antonnal  scrobes,  the  supe- 
rior transverse  furrow  at  its  base  giving  an  increased  convexity  to  the  ver- 
tex of  the  hei'd,  ally  it  closely  to  Ophrya^tes.  T\w  ovate  eye  is  longitudi- 
nal, the  front  border  of  the  pronotuni  nearly  straight,  with  no  ad'nince  of 
the  sides,  the  prothorax  itself  faintly  rngulose,  the  elytra  coarsely  striate, 
the  strije  with  feeble,  rather  distant  punctures  (the  reverse  is  shown  on  the 
stone) ;  the  tips  of  the  elytra  are  right-angled  or  slightly  produced  at  the 
extremity,  as  in  recent  species. 

Length  of  body,  measured  from  base  of  rostrum,  7.5'""' ;  height  (»f 
same,  .'5.5""" ;  length  of  elytra,  5.5""";  of  rostrum  beyond  front  of  eyes, 
1.2""":  breadth  of  rostrum  at  base,  O.y"""  ;  wiu-re  largest,  1.05""";  length  of 
eye,  0.5'"'" ;  breadth  of  same,  0.3'"'" ;  distance  apart  of  the  elytral  striae, 
0.35'"'".     ■ 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4210. 


EPICyEKUS  Schoidierr. 


EpiC.f:KUS   8AXATILIS. 


1 


\    i 


PI.  «,  Fijjs.  33,  34,  36, 

KudiagoijuH  Kajtaliliii  Sei-dd.,  Itiili.  II.  S.  (Jeol.  (icogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  84-85  (1876). 
KliicirruH  saxatihi  Sciidil.,  liiill.  V.  S.  (iool.  Oi'ogr.  Siirv.  T.irr.,  IV,  7tV')(187H). 

Twenty-s(!ven  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  found  by  Mr.  Rich- 
ardson. ^^r.  Howditch.  and  mvself.  This  and  tiie  two  following  species  can 
not,  as  at  first  siipposeil,  be  referred  to  Eudiagogus  on  aitcount  of  the  length 
of  t!io  snout.  Although  very  small  for  Kpicjcri  (especially  the  present 
species),  they  agree  .so  well  with  Epicienis  gristMis  Schiinh.  from  Mexico — 
one  of  the  smallest  of  the  group — that  they  wtndd  best  be  referred  here, 
although  they  differ  from  this  genus  in  the  brevity  and  stoutness  of  the 
femora,  all  of  which  are  swollen  apically.  It  is  possil)le  that  all  three  of  the 
forms  mentioned  here  should  l)0  referred  to  a  single  species,  as  there  is  cer- 
tainlv  vci  V  little  diffcnMice  between  them  exccspting  in  size;  this  is  particu- 
larly the  case  with  thi;!  and  the  ne.\t  sptscies.     Together  over  one  hundred 


COLEOPTEBA— OTlORHYNOHIDiE. 


479 


speciiiieiiM  of  tliese  species  liave  been  examined  by  me ;  they  are  therefore 
the  njost  abundant  fossils  of  the  insect  beds  of  the  Green  River  shales. 

In  the  present  species  the  snout  is  shaped  much  as  in  Otiorhynduis 
perditus  Scudd.,  beinof  short,  stout,  and,  especially  anteriorly;  irched,  the 
front  border  being  faintly  angulate  about  the  middle  ;  the  antennal  scrobes 
can  not  be  certainly  defined  ;  the  eyes,  are  pretty  large,  transversely  ovate, 
and  in  most  of  the  specimens  are  indicated  on  the  stone  by  an  annulus  of 
dark  color,  containing  an  interior  narrow  ovate  pale  spot  0.22"""  long  by 
0.12"""  wide,  while  the  eye  itself  is  0.4"""  in  its  longer,  and  0.3"'"'  in  its  shoner, 
diameter;  the  facets  of  the  interior  portion  are  very  minute,  being  scarcely 
.01"'"'  in  diameter.  The  prothorax  is  somewhat  tumid,  rather  higher  than 
long,  very  profusely  and  delicately  punctulate,  the  anterior  and  posterior 
walls  between  the  pittings  often  less  elevated  than  the  lateral  walls,  so  that 
the  punctures  often  form  broken  longitudinal  furrows  ;  the  punctures  are 
nearly  uniforn;  in  size  over  tlie  whole  prothorax  and  average  about  0.04™"*  in 
diameter.  Tiie  elytra  are  simple,  not  tumid,  sloping  off  gradually  towa'-d 
the  tip,  not  elevated  at  base  above  the  thorax,  and  provided  with  six  equi- 
distant, very  slender  and  slight,  raised  ridges,  faintly  broken  into  dashes  by 
a  series  of  minute,  moderately  distant  j)unctures  along  the  inner  border  of 
each ;  these  punctures  are  of  the  same  size  as  tiiose  on  the  prothorax ;  the 
ridges  are  about  O.IG"""  apart.  The  posterior  coxa;  have  an  incrassate  pos- 
terior margin. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  of  rostrum  beyond  the  eye,  O-GS™"" ;  width  of 
same,  0.46"""  ;  length  of  prothorax,  1.2'"'";  height  of  same,  l.S"""' ;  length  of 
tcgmina,  2.8""";  width  of  same.  O.I)'"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Numerous  specimens. 

Epicurus  exanimis. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  31 ;  PI.  8,  Figs.  30,  31,  38,  42. 

Eiidiaijogua  eianinuH  Seuild.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Ciuul.  Oeo){r.  SiU'v.  Terr.,  II,  !>8  (1876). 
Kpiciirun  rj-uniniM  Suiiild.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Gcogr.  Siirv..  Terr.  IV,  7C5  (IS78). 

Thirty-one  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  examined  since  the  first. 
.Vll  those  first  obtained  (by  Mi-.  Richardson)  were  fragmentary,  and  most  of 
them  rather  oltscure  ;  tiiey  consist  mostly  of  side  aspecits  of  tlie  creature,  but 
several  are  single  elytra.  Still  the  characters  drawn  from  them  appear  to 
bo  all  that  can  be  found  in  the  more  perfect  examples  since  found.     The 


480 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOltTU  AMERICA. 


heat]  is  rather  hirge  at  base,  tapering  with  a  short,  broad  snout,  not  so  deep 
as  broad,  equal  and  at  the  tip  broadly  rounded,  directed  downward  and  for- 
ward, slightly  bent  along  the  front  margin ;  the  antennal  scrobes  extend 
from  the  front  edge  of  the  eye  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  rostrum,  and  are 
broadest  next  the  eye,  where  they  are  half  as  broad  as  the  eye  itself,  taper- 
ing regularly  throughout  and  shallow ;  the  eyes  are  moderately  large, 
broadly  oval,  transverse  or  a  little  oblique,  the  upper  extremity  thrown 
baokward  and  the  lower  forward.  The  prothorax  is  short,  only  about  half 
as  long  as  deep,  not  tumid,  rather  cylindrical,  its  surface  smooth.  The  elytra 
are  not  broader  nor  higher  at  their  base  than  the  surface  of  the  pronotum, 
•and  they  are  simple  and  fiu'iiished  with  seven  equidistant,  equally  and  not 
deeply  iuq)ressed,  longitudinal  stria>,  0.16""°  apart  from  one  another,  and  the 
outer  ones  an  equal  distance  from  tlie  adjacent  border ;  these  stria;  are  pro- 
vided with  slightly  longitudinal  punctures  at  regular  intervals  of  about 
0.1"'"',  by  which  the  strije  are  carried  to  about  double  their  usual  depth 
Some  of  the  specimens  have  lost  the  elytra,  and  on  those  the  posterior  edge 
of  tlie  hind  coxjc  have  been  impressed  through  the;  abdomen,  giving  tiie 
insects  the  appearance  of  being  fnriii.shed  with  elytra  which  cover  but  half 
of  the  abdomen.     Tlie  same  thing  may  be  noticed  in  other  species. 

Length  of  body  exclusive  of  rostruin,  o.7.")""";  of  rostrum  !>eyond  the 
eye,  0.(12""";  breadth  <.f  si:me,  0.5"'"':  depth  of  same,  0.44""" ;  length  of  oye, 
0  3fj'""' :  width  of  .sauje,  0.24''""':  length  of  prothorax,  0.72'"'" :  height  of  same, 
1 .3"'"" ;  length  of  elytra,  3.(  >5"'"' ;  width  of  same,  1.2'"'" ;  length  <  .f  fore  femora, 
0.72'""';  width  of  same,  0.32""";  length  of  middle  femora,  O.H""" ;  width  of 
same,  0.32""";  length  of  hind  fenuira,  l.l"""';   width  of  same,  0.34""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Numerous  specimens. 


*• 


KpIC.KKUS    EKF08SU8. 


I'l.  8,  FiKH.  7,  35. 

Kuatagngit-  -fntnuii  Soiuld.,  Hull.  I'.  S.  (ieol.  (iiMijjr.  Siirv.  'IVrr.,  II,  H,>-><<i  ^lifffi). 
EpicirruK  fffiisHU',  "nidd.,  Hull.  U.  S.  (ieol.  (iiMpjjr.  Snrv.  Terr..  IV,  7ti.'>  (ItffH). 

Nearly  Hftv  specimens  of  this  species  are  at  hand,  all  found  in  Richard- 
son's shales  by  .Mr.  Riciiard.son,  Mr.  Howditch,  and  myself,  besides  two  I 
found  in  beds  at  the  .same  sj)ot,  but  altont  thirty  meters  lower;  the.se  were 
the  only  Coleoptera  found  at  'he  VmWv  sp(»t,  excepting  a  single  specimen  of 
<  )ti(»rhvnchns  tumlue  Scndd..    teloiiging  to  the  same  family.     Most  of  the 


COLEOPTERA— RHYNCHITID^. 


481 


specimens  are  composed  of  fragments  of  elytra,  and  the  only  specimens 
which  are  pi'eserved  entire  are  such  as  give  a  dorsal  or  ventral  aspect. 
These,  however,  are  enough  to  show  that  they  belong  to  a  species  closely 
allied  to  but  distinct  from  the  preceding,  differing  principally  in  its  smaller 
size,  its  slender  and  more  tapering  rostrum,  the  smaller  circular  eyes,  and 
in  the  slightly  more  distant  and  rather  more  deeply  impressed  striaj  of  tha 
elytra.  The  following  measurements  will  give  a  better  understanding  of 
the  degree  of  difference  between  them  in  certain  points : 

Length  of  body  exclusive  of  rostrum,  5""" ;  breadth  of  same,  2.1°"" ; 
width  of  rostium  at  base,  0.48""" ;  diameter  of  eyes,  0.28™" ;  distance  apart 
of  the  elytral  striae,  O.lS-0.20""";  distance  apart  of  punctures  in  the  8tria3. 
0.11""", 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Numerous  specimens. 

Family  RHYNCHITIDyE  LeConte. 
EUGNAMPTUS  Schonherr. 

EUGNAMPTUS    GRAKD^VUS. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  20. 

Sitone8  graiidasvua  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  83-84  (1S76). 

A  single  specimen,  very  poorly  preserved,  was  found  by  Mr.  Richard- 
son on  Green  River,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  at 
the  first  description  of  the  species  this  was  all  that  was  at  hand.  Little 
could  be  seen  in  it  except  a  vague  outline  of  the  form  of  the  body,  with  a 
broken  rostrum  ;  tiie  eye  was  large,  obovate,  longitudinally  disposed,  0.42""™ 
long  and  0.25"""  broad;  the  elytra  were  furnished  with  a  number  o^ slight, 
slender,  raised  ridges,  0.3  l'"™  apart,  probably  the  reverses  of  stria?. 

Two  more  specimens  obtained  at  the  same  spot  by  Profs.  Packard  and 
Lee,  and  in  better  condition,  show  that  it  probably  belongs  to  Eugnamptus, 
though  it  differs  from  that  genus  in  the  extreme  feebleness  of  the  elytral 
striation  which  is  barely  perceptible;  no  punctures  are  discernible,  but 
instead  tho  el\  tra  are  sparsely  clothed  with  exceedingly  delicate  short  hairs. 
The  beak  is  slender  and  from  in  front  of  tlie  eye  about  as  long  as  the  thorax; 
it,  as  well  as  the  rest  of  the  head,  faintly  subscabrous,  while  the  thorax  is 
very  delicately  and  shallowly  puiictulate,  so  as  to  appear  almost  smooth, 
with  a  short  delicate  hair  from  each  depression. 
VOL  xui 31 


i 


482 


TEETIABY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEEIOA. 


The  measurements  of  the  best  specimen  are:  Length  of  head  and 
rostrnm,  1.35""";  of  thorax,  O-B"""' ;  of  elytra,  2.6°"° ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1""». 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  15234  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson),  101  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee),  76  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

EUONAMPTUS   DECEM8ATU8. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  12. 

Eugnamptus  drctmiatua  Scnilil.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  764-765  (1878). 

A  single  elytron  with  a  broken  base  is  all  that  remains  of  this  species. 
But  this  is  peculiar  on  account  of  the  supplementary  humeral  stria,  which 
seems  to  be  common  in  the  Rhynchitidre,  and  at  least  very  rare  in  the 
allogastral  Rhynoophora,  to  which  one  would  at  first  glance  refer  this 
fragment.  So  far  as  the  material  at  hand  permits  determination  it  appears 
to  agree  best  with  the  genus  to  which  it  is  referred,  on  account  of  the  dis- 
position of  the  punctuation  and  the  form  of  the  tip  of  the  elytron.  It  repre- 
sents, however,  a  very  large  species,  and  one  whose  punctuation  is  very 
delicate.  The  elytrori  is  long  and  rather  narrow,  indicating  an  elongated 
form  for  the  body,  as  in  this  genus,  with  parallel  sides  and  a  bluntly  rounded 
tip.  There  are  ten  complete  etjuidistant  rows  of  delicate,  lightly  impressed 
punctures,  those  of  the  same  row  less  distant  than  the  width  of  the  inter- 
spaces ;  the  outer  row  lies  close  to  the  outer  border  and  is  seated  in  an 
impressed  stria,  as  also  is  the  apical  half  of  the  inner  row ;  but  the  other 
rows  sliow  no  such  connections  between  the  punctures  which  compose 
them ;  at  the  base  the  rows  curve  very  slightly  outward  to  make  place  fo** 
a  very  short  humeral  row  of  punctures,  parallel  to  the  inner  complete  row, 
and  composed  of  only  three  or  four  punctures  on  the  part  preserved ;  the 
interspaces  are  smooth. 

Length  of  fragment,  4.5°"";  width  of  elytron,  l..^"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  4046. 


Family    RHIPIPHORID^    Gerstsecker. 

RHIPIPIIORUS  Fabriciub. 

Rhipiphorus  (JEIKIEI. 

P:.  27,  FiR.  1. 

A  single  specimen  preserved  upon  a  side  view  seems  clearly  referable  to 

Rhipiphorus  except  for  the  well  rounded  tip  of  the  elytra.     The  three  lines 


COLEOPTEUA— TENEBlllONIUJiJ. 


483 


radiating  from  the  head  in  the  plate  do  not  belong  to  the  specinaen  but  lie 
at  a  slightly  liighor  level,  except  the  proximal  half  of  the  one  lying  next  the 
body,  which  is  tlie  basal  joint  of  the  antenna;,  and  which  before  careful  study 
was  taken  for  a  beak,  and  the  insect  therefore  })laced  among  the  Hemiptera. 
The  head  and  thorax  have  the  form  and  attitude  of  the  Rhipiphoridse ;  the 
eye  is  oval,  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  enlarges 
slightly  from  base  to  apex  and  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  head ;  an  ineffectual 
attempt  was  made  to  uncover  tlie  parts  beyond  and  reveal  the  structure  of 
the  remaining  joints.  The  head  and  thorax  are  delicately  scabrous  rather 
than  punctate,  or  punctate  with  the  punctures  run  together  transversely  in 
an  irregular  manner.  The  elytra  are  almost  as  long  as  the  body,  three  and 
a  Imlf  times  as  long  as  their  basal  breadth,  the  sutural  margin  perfectly 
straight  until  th(3  rounding  of  the  extreme  apex  begins,  the  outer  margin 
broadly  sinuous,  the  elytra  shortly  beyond  the  base  diminishing  rather 
rapidly  in  width  us  far  as  tlie  middle,  then  subequal  to  just  before  the  tip, 
which  is  half  as  broad  as  the  base,  strongly  rounded,  almost  equally  on  each 
side ;  the  tip  has  been  uncovered  since  the  plate  was  made,  and  is  in  no 
sense  pointed,  but  the  inner  side  is  subrectangular  though  rounded ;  the 
surffice  is  punctured,  not  deeply,  the  punctures  separated  by  r  jnsiderably 
more  than  their  own  diameter;  the  outer  border  is  finely  marginate,  at  least 
in  the  basal  half  The  wings  are  ample,  exceeding  when  closed  the  length 
of  the  abdomen,  and  when  expanded  surpassing  by  one-fifth  the  elytra; 
they  show  at  least  four  principal  veins  radiating  from  the  base,  some  of  them 
distinctly  forked,  and  none  showing  marks  of  a  transverse  fold. 

Length  of  body,  9.75"""  ;  elytra,  G™". 

Named  for  Ur.  Archibald  Geikie,  Director  of  the  Geological  Survey 
of  Great  Britain. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  367. 

Family   TENEBRIONID^G   Leach. 
TENEBRIO  Linnd. 

TeNEBUIO   PkilMIQENIUS. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  32. 

Tenebrio  pHmigeniui  Scudd.,  Rop.  Progr.  Qeol.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  183B,  (1879). 

A  single,  complete,  and  well-preserved  elytron  represents  a  species  of 
TenebrionidfB,   a  little  larger  than,    and  somewhat  resembling,  Tenebrio 


484 


TEltTlAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOllTH  AMEllICA. 


I       I 


molitor  (Linn.),  the  beetle  of  the  common  meal-worm.  It  has  been  flattened 
by  pressure,  so  as  to  show  but  little  sign  of  having  been  arched,  while  at  the 
same  time  the  shape  is  fairly  preserved.  Wherever  it  differs  in  color  from 
the  stone  it  is  piceous.  The  margins  are  very  nearly  parallel,  approaching 
each  other  rather  gradually  and  very  regularly  toward  the  tip ;  there  are 
eight  equidistant,  pretty  strongly  impressed,  rather  coarse,  longitudinal 
strife,  besides  others  next  the  outer  margin,  whose  number  can  not  be  deter- 
mined, and  a  short  scutellar  stria,  about  as  long  as  in  T.  molitor,  but  quite 
as  distinct  as  the  others ;  the  surface  between  the  striaj  appears  to  be  very 
minutely  subrugulose,  and  shows  in  favorable  light  a  faint  transverse  cor- 
rugation. 

Length  of  elytron,  11""";  breadth,  4.4""". 

Nine-mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  63  (Dr.  G.  M. 
Dawson). 

Family   BRUCHID^e  Leach. 

BRUCHUS  Geoffrey. 

Bruchus  anilis. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  125. 

Bruchus  anilis  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Oeogr.  Surv.Terr.,  II,  H<2  (1876). 

The  single  specimen  consists  of  two  elytra,  in  natural  juxtaposition 
seen  from  above.  They  have  a  brown  color,  which  is  wanting  in  certain 
places,  but  in  so  irregular  a  manner  that  it  is  doubtless  fortuitous  ;  they  are 
furnished  witii  stria*,  but  these,  as  well  as  all  color,  are  entirely  obliterated 
in  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  this  again  is  doubtless  a  defect  of  j)reservation, 
since  the  sutural  edges  of  the  elytra  are  similarly  affected ;  the  strite  are 
deep,  sharjdy  cut,  straight,  subeqiiidistant,  eiglit  in  number,  fading  out  at 
the  apex  of  the  elytra,  the  space  between  them  smooth  and  arched. 

Length  of  one  elytron,  .5"""  ;  breadth  of  same,  l.iJ"'"' ;  distance  of  striae 
apart,  0.4.'")™"'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 


I'WWi'nwMwwi^w^swwHrfMa 


BHMBiiii 


COLEOPTERA— CnPYSOMELlD^.  ^   485 

Family  CHRYSOMELID^E    Leach. 

GALERUCELLA  Crotch. 

Galerucella  picea. 
PI.  2,  Fig.  31. 
Gallerucella  pioea  Soiidd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Oool.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  182-183B  (1879). 

A  pair  of  rather  poorly  preserved  elytra,  parted  at  the  tip,  and  showing 
between  and  throujjli  them  the  outlines  of  the  abdominal  segments  represents 
a  species  of  ChrysomelldjB,  which  appears  to  be  most  nearly  allied  to  the 
genus  in  which  I  have  placed  it  and  to  be  about  the  form  of,  and  a  little 
sm.iUer  than,  G  maritiina  LeC.  The  elytra  are  uniformly  piceous  throughout, 
showing  no  marks  of  lighter-colored  borders ;  there  are  faint  indications  of 
one  or  two  marginal  impressed  lines  in  their  outer  lialf,  and  the  whole  sur- 
face seems  to  have  been  very  minutely  punctate,  more  faintly  and  finely 
than  in  the  existing  species  mentioned.  The  abdomen  is  very  broadly  and 
very  regularly  rounded,  subovsite,  and  at  least  five  segments  of  similar 
length  can  be  determined. 

Breadth  of  the  \rd\r  of  ehtra  at  base,  S.T.'i""";  length  of  elytra,  5..5""°: 
breadth  of  abdomen,  3.25'""' ;  length  of  penultimate  segment,  0.4'"'°. 

Nine-mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  62  (Dr.  G,  M. 
Dawson). 

CRYPTOCEPIIALUS  GeoflFroy. 

Cryptockphalus  vktustus. 

PI.  7,  Figs.  29,  37. 
Cryptocephaliu  vetaatM  Sonild.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  764  (1878). 

This  species  is  fairly  represented  by  a  pair  of  specimens  with  their 
reverses.  One  pair  exhibits  the  front,  and  by  the  drooping  of  the  abdo- 
men the  under  surface  of  the  insect  with  expanded  elytra  (one  of  them 
curiously  foreshortened),  the  other  the  under  surface  only.  The  insect  is 
broadly  oval,  and,  except  in  being  much  stouter,  closely  resembles  C.  ven- 
ustus  Fabr.,  with  which  it  agrees  in  size.  The  thorax,  as  seen  on  a  front 
view,  is  arched,  and  the  proportion  of  the  head  to  the  thorax  is  as  in  the 
recent  species  mentioned.     Tlie  elytra,  whlcli  are  the  parts  best  preserved. 


li 


486 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


nro  rounded  at  the  extrnnity,  and  are  furnished  with  ten  slightly  arcuate 
rows  of  f'outle  punctures,  arranged  inconspicuously  in  pairs,  besides  a 
Hutural,  sliglitly  oblique  row  on  the  basal  third  of  the  elytra,  terminating  in 
the  margin.  This  disposition  of  the  })uncture8  and  the  character  of  the 
head,  sunken,  as  it  were,  into  the  tlioranc  mass,  leave  little  doubt  that  the 
insect  should  be  referred  to  Cryptocephalus.  The  elytra  are  of  a  uniform 
light  horn  color,  but  the  body  is  darker.  The  body  is  more  oval  than  in 
the  ])arallel-8ided  C.  venustus. 

Length  of  body,  4-4.5'""';  breadth  of  same,  2.6-3.2'"™;  length  of 
elytra,  4""";  breadth  of  one  of  them,  l.S™"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  400.3  and  4004,  4039. 
and  4044. 

DONACIA   Fabricius. 

DONACIA    STIKIA. 
PI.  1,  FifJ.  28. 

This  is  represented  by  th  ^  mere  fragment  of  an  elytron,  but  with  a 
distinct  kind  of  sculpturing.  It  seems  to  come  as  near  D.  porosicollis  Lac 
as  any  of  our  modern  species  I  have  seen.  The  tip  is  the  part  preserved ; 
it  is  of  a  deep  blue-black  color,  with  an  excessively  fine,  microscopic,  trans- 
verse rugulation,  delicately  impressed  narrow  stria',  the  stria;  minutely 
punctulate,  the  first  and  last  stria;  moderately  distant  from  the  margins, 
deeply  impressed,  and  less  distinctly  punctate.  It  is  apparently  a  rather 
small  species. 

Length  of  fragment,  .'{2""";  breadtli  of  same,  1.4""". 

Tnterglacial  clays  of  the  nijighborhood  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One 
specimen,  No.  }AI)hH  (G.  J.  Ilinde). 

DoNACIA    l'().Ml'ATICA. 

ri.  1,  FiKs.  ;{;5,  ;u. 

This  species,  of  which  there  arc  several  examples  at  hand,  is  most  nearly 
allied  to  our  living  I).  pubicoUis  Sulfr ,  but  is  much  smaller  or  about  tlu;  size 
of  I),  emargiuata  Kirb.  As  to  tlie  sculpture  of  the  surface  of  the  elytra  (the 
only  part  preserved  in  any  specimen),  it  would  be  difllcult  to  say  in  what 
respect  it  dilfered  from  the  former  species  except  in  the  obliteration  of  th© 


OOLEOPTERA— SCAUAB^ID^. 


487 


markings  nt  tlio  tip  of  the  elytra,  which  Heems  to  be  characteristic  of  the 
(oHHil.  In  color  it  varies  extremely  ;  in  one  (No.  HfiS'i)  it  is  bluish  jjurplc : 
in  another  (No.  l-iMd)  it  is  deej)  brilliant  violet;  still  another  (No.  14577) 
has  it  (lark  metallic  green.  In  all,  the  colors  are  as  fresh  as  if  living.  The 
punctured  striie  are  rather  dfeep  and  the  whole  surface  of  the  elytra  trans- 
versely wrinkled  at  the  punctures. 

Lengtii  of  elytron,  f)""" ;  breadth,  1.46""'. 

Interghuiial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  14566, 
14573,  14577,  14581,  14582  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Family  SCARAB^DI.«C  Leach. 

TROX  Fabricius. 

TbOX    OU8TALETI. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  22. 

Trox  ouitaleti  Soiuld.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Snrv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  179-180B  (1879). 

A  single  elytron,  well  preserved,  appears  to  represent  a  species  of  Trox 
of  about  the  size  of  T.  terrestris  Say,  but  with  rather  blender  elytra.  The 
elytron  is  subequal,  narrowing  rapidly  and  regularly  at  the  tip,  well  arched, 
and  was  apparently  still  more  arched  originally,  the  middle  portion  having 
a  flattened  appearance,  as  if  from  pressure,  with  a  narrow  flattened  outer 
margin ;  the  surface  is  completely  and  uniformly  covered  with  thirteen  or 
fourteen  equal  equidistant  rows  of  frequent  dull  tul)ercles,  as  distant  from 
one  another  in  the  rows  as  each  row  from  its  neighbor,  and  obsolescent 
toward  the  apex  and  the  base,  especially  towards  the  former.  In  certain 
places  there  is  a  very  sligiit  appearance  of  greater  prominence  to  every 
fourth  row,  which  would  hardly  be  noticed  if  its  resemblance  to  modern 
species  of  Trox  did  not  lead  one  to  look  for  it ;  the  extreme  tip  is  broken. 
The  color  is  dark-brown,  approaching  black,  but  the  whole  central  portion 
of  a  faded  brown,  nearly  resembling  the  natural  color  of  the  stone  in  which 
it  is  preserved. 

Length  of  elytron,  4.25™"';  breadth,  1.85'""'. 

Named  after  M.  Emile  Oustalet,  of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  whose  re- 
searches on  the  Tertiary  insects  of  Auvermie  and  Aix  are  well  known. 

Nine-Mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  61  (Dr.  G. 
M  Dawson). 


488  TEItTIABY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEBIOA. 

APHODIUS  llliKer. 

ApHODIUS    PHKrUKHOR. 
PI.  1,  Fijf.  11. 

Aphodiut  prii  ymor  Horn,  Trnnii.  Ainvr.  Ent.  Roo.,  V,  W>  (1870). 

• 

"Elytra  Hmootli,  Hhinlng,  feebly  Htriate,  strin; hIuiHow  but  rather  wide; 
puncture!)  distant,  round  near  the  apex,  becoming  tranHverne  near  the  base, 
intorvala  flat,  smooth. 

"  A  species  is  indicated  of  the  size  and  nearly  of  the  sculpture  of  ruricola. 
The  scntellum  is  short.     Length  o^  elytra,  .10  inch.;  'i.,'')"""."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

Of  this  species  three  'dytra  lie  fide  by  side  in  the  same  mass ;  the  middle 
one  shows  only  the  impression  of  the  stri.t!,  being  the  reverse  of  the  left 
elytron,  which  has  been  removed  from  its  original  position ;  this  and  the 
right  elytron  are  black,  the  striaj  distinct  and  moderately  deep,  with  pvmct- 
ures  as  described  by  Dr.  Horn.  The  striic  are  ten  in  number,  and  in  the 
middle  of  the  elytra  are  0  17'""  apart.  The  left  elytron  shows  the  upper, 
the  others  the  under,  surface.  There  must  be  some  mistake  in  Dr.  Horn's 
measurements ;  the  best  preserved  elytron,  the  contours  of  which  are  perfectly 
preserved,  is  31)'"'"  long  and  l.(ir>"""  broad  and  the  others  agree  perfectly 
with  it  in  size. 

Upon  the  same  stone  oct  ir  the  remains  of  a  j)air  of  elytra  (PI.  1,  Figs. 
16,  17)  not  noticed  by  Dr.  Horn  in  his  paper,  Ijut  considered  by  him  as 
belonging  to  the  same  species.  This  view  is  tenable  only  on  the  supposition 
that  the  right  elytron  (in  which  the  chitine  is  preserved  and  which  shows 
the  upper  siu-face)  is  imperfect,  for  there  are  but  eight  stria*.  Wiien  iirst 
examined  by  me  both  margins  appeared  perfect;  but  as  they  have  since  been 
damaged  I  refrain  from  fiu'ther  remark  beyond  the  description  of  the  frag- 
ments and  the  expression  of  my  belief  that  they  can  not  be  referred  to  Apho- 
dius.  The  elytra,  which  are  shining  black,  appear  to  bo  considerably  flat- 
tened, are  con.sequently  nearly  as  broad  at  l)ase  as  in  the  middle,  and  have 
the  apical  half  rounded  rather  rapidly  and  the  apex  nearly  .scpiare ;  they 
possess  eight  distinct  strijc,  made  more  conspicuous  by  bearing  frtqnent, 
moderately  distinct,  small,  round,  occasionally  elongatt*  punctures  ;  the  in- 
ter.>*paces  between  the  striic  are  0.1.")"""  wide,  flat  and  smooth;  the  eighth 
stria  is  cotjfluent  anteriorly,  and  perhaps  posteriorly,  witli  the  margin;  and 
the  margin  itself  is  not  only  slightly  rcfl  '\ri\  but  forms  by  the  reflection 


I  tfwjmiiiwiiwijjijtijiw 


COLEOPTEltA— SOAttAD-'EIDvE. 


489 


a  groove  very  situllar  to  the  Htriio  and  boarinff  Himilar  piino-turos ;  tlioro  h 
also  a  Hhort  utul  oxceodingly  slight  and  faint  scutellar  Htria  crowded  against 
the  Bciitellnm. 

Length  of  elytron,  3""";  breadth,  l..^""". 

Not  improbably  thcHe  ahould  bo  looked  upon  as  belonging  to  Carabidie 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

iEGIALlA  Latreille. 

iEoiALIA    RUPTA. 
n.  8,  Fig.  1». 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  are  preserved  with  partially  expanded 
strongly  arched  elytra.  Hody  eloiigatod  obovate,  two  and  a  half  times 
longer  than  broad.  Head  small,  broiully  rounded  in  front,  the  eyes  (not 
shown  in  the  plate)  nioc'eratoly  large,  oval,  less  than  half  as  large  as  one  of 
the  pair  of  oval  distinct  marks  in  the  middle  of  the  head  posteriorly,  which 
are  either  some  parts  beneath  showing  through,  or  ridges  or  the  bases  of 
horns  on  the  upper  surface.  Prothorax  about  twice  is  broad  as  long,  taper- 
ing anteriorly  from  the  posterior  edge  and  with  rounded  sides,  the  whole 
front  border  broadly  emarginate,  the  hind  margin  scarcely  convex,  the  sur- 
face indistinctly  granulate.  Elytra  rather  heavily  striate,  tie  stria?  rather 
distantly  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  3.4"'™;  of  middle  of  prothorax,  0.5""";  of  elytra,  2'""'; 
breadth  of  prothorax  in  front,  0.7°"";  the  same  behind,  1.1"'"';  of  middle  of 
body,  1.3ry"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  80  and  81  (Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard). 

PHANiEUS   MacLeay. 

PHANiEUS   ANTIQUUS. 

PI.  1,  Figs.  12-14. 

Phanasiis  antiqmu  Horn,  Trans.  Aiiier.  Ent.  800,,  V,  345  (1876). 

"  Elj'tra  with  feeble  strise,  intervals  moderately  convex,  surface  slightly 
rugulose.     Abdomen  sinootli      Leiigtii,  .40  inch  ;   10""". 

"  A  species  is  indicated  sommvliiit  larger  than  carnlfex ;  the  elytral 
sculi)tiire  is,  however,  more  nearly  that  of  pluto,  inasmuch  as  the  intervals 


t   i 


nil 


M 


490 


TEHTIAUY  1N8KCT8  OK  NOKTII  AMKRICA. 


aro  rojjtiliirly  roiivox,  niid  tlio  strin'  not  Hiidilnnly  improHKoil  M  hnnci.  Tho 
nMiiaiiiM  coiiHiHt  of  an  iinprcHHioii  with  a  Hiiiall  portion  of  tlio  HtihHtanco  of 
liotli  olytra  in  poHitioti,  Hlij^flitly  Hoparatotl  at  Ihiho  liy  pn'HHitn*  ho  tliat  u 
<l(>(>i>ptivo  appoaraiico  of  nu  elongate  Hcutolhini  iH  proHontod ;  alHo  tlio 
iniprcHHion  of  tlitt  abdominal  HO}(montH  with  a  Hinall  portion  of  chitinonH 
Hubstanco. 

"Thoro  Ih  also  the  Htibstanco  remaining  of  tho  groatjr  portion  of  nn 
elytron  which  probably  belongH  to  the  Hamo  Hpt-cioH,  in  which  tho  intorvalH 
aro  moderately  convex  and  with  tracoH  of  a  few  puncturort,  the  utriii'  being 
moderately  impresHeii  and  not  punctured."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

Tho  elytra  have  Hoven  feeble  and  dull  Ktriir ;  the  Hurfaco  of  tho  single 
elytron,  which  agrees  altogether  in  Hizo  with  the  pair,  \n  black  and  Hmooth, 
but  faintly  wrinkled  tranHverwely.  Four  Hogmonts  of  the  abdomen  aro 
shown 

Length  of  one  of  the  |»ftir  of  elytrii,  11""";  breadth  of  same,  f)"". 

Bone  caves  of  I'ort  Kennedy,  I'dinsylvania. 

CllCEltlDIUM  Lepolletior-ServiUe. 

CH(ERIDIUMf    KHENINIJM. 
IM.  1,  FiK«.  lS-22. 
ChiTriilium  t  rbrninum  Morn,  Traim.  Amer,  Knt.  8n<-,,  V,  'iii-'iAb  (tH76). 

'*  The  remains  for  which  the  above  name  is  suggested,  consist  of  the 
greater  portion  of  the  thorax,  the  two  elytra  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation 
and  a  portion  of  the  abdominal  segments.  These  may  be  described  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  Thorax  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long,  side;*  feebly  arcuate,  gradually 
converging  anteriorly,  surface  sparsely  and  finely  punctat<',  phune  longi- 
tudinally Hnely  strigose.  Elytra  rather  wider,  conjointly,  than  long,  .sides 
moderately  arcuate  and  gradually  narrowed  to  apex,  disk  with  seven  mod- 
erately impressed  stria-,  the  outer  rather  distant  from  the  margin;  striic 
entire  and  nearly  parallel  and  eijuidistant.  Intervals  coarsely  but  sparsely 
punctured.  Ej)ipleura'  s|)arsely  punctate.  Abdcmnn  with  coarse  punct- 
ures at  the  side.s,  smoother  at  middle. 

"Length  of  thora.x,  .07  inch;   l.TS""". 

"  Length  of  elytra,  .14  inch  ;  3J)'"'". 


.iVu^-iiUiu'AiLLna'itituiifaffl 


OOLKOI'TKUA— rriNID/K. 


491 


*'  T  hiivo  boon  roally  nt  a  Iohh  to  know  to  what  ffoniis  to  rofnr  those 
rmimitiH.  Tlioy  wcrn  iit  oiio  tiiiit)  cnnHnh'riMl  to  \h'.  S(i|nimiH,  but  tho  num- 
ber of  tlin  HtriuMiiul  tboir  chiiriictur  forbid  Hiirh  n  rcfonMire.  Tho  h|)(hmob 
H(!«nirt  to  hav«  boon  rather  Hinalhfr  than  our  (Ihu-ridiuni  hiHt<»roi(l()H,  but 
undoubtedly  roHeiubled  it  in  form.  I  would  Iiave  n^ferred  the  n^maiuH  to 
Canthon  near  porplexu.n,  but  the  thorax  is  by  no  inoaiiH  that  of  tho  ffonuH." 
Horn,  loc,  v'li. 

Tlut  thorax  of  tho  Bpeoimen  appoarH  to  hav(*  boon  broken  off  before 
reachij'}^  me,  as  tho  (U)Hcrij)tion  given  by  Dr.  Horn  is  inapplicable*  to  any  of 
tho  fragments  before  me. 

The  pleural  are  not  only  "longitudinally  finely  strigose,"  but  also 
delicately  striato  in  tho  same  direction.  Aside  from  tho  punctuation  the 
upper  surface  of  tho  thorax  is  smooth. 

Tho  outer  discal  stria  of  tho  elytra  is  very  widely  separated  at  base 
from  tho  subnmrgimil  stria  which  runs  closely  parallel  to  tho  outer  border. 

Length  of  elytron,  3.«""";  breadth  of  same,  2'""'. 

Bone  (iavos  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

Family  PTINIDyE  Leach. 

ANOBIUM  FabriciuB. 

Anobium?  ovalr. 

PI.  8,  FiK-  1. 
Anobiumt  ovale  SoihM.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Oeol.  (l.'ogr.  Siirv.  T«rr.,  IV,  7»i:)-7C3  (1878). 

The  insect  evidently  appertains  to  a  distinct  genus  of  Ptinidic,  in  which 
tho  sides  of  tho  body  are  not  parallel,  but  tho  body  tapers  posteriorly  much, 
though  not  to  tho  same  oxtcmt,  as  anteriorly.  It  is,  howover,  most  nearly 
allied  to  Anobium,  in  which  it  is  provisionally  placed.  It  is  about  as  large 
as  Kndecatomus  nigosus  \mC  The  prothorax,  viewed  from  ab<wo.  is 
bluntly  conical,  tapering  rapidly.  The  body  is  broadest  just  behind  tho 
base  of  the  elytra,  and  tapers  slightly  at  first,  more  rapidly  afterward,  and 
is  rounded  j)osteriorly ;  thu.s  the  whole  body  has  an  ovate  outline.  The 
l)ronotum  is  minutely  and  very  profu.sidy  punctulato  in  black,  tho  punctures 
being  slightly  elongated  longitudinally,  and  appears  to  have  been  covered 
profusely  with  slight  asperities  or  a  coarse  pile  (much  perhaps  as  in  Knde- 
catomus rugosus).     Tho  elytra,  which  are  nearly  three  times  as  long  as 


492 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


broad  and  taper  rogularly  from  near  tlie  base  to  near  the  tip,  sliow  no  mark 
of  8iicji  asperities,  bnt  are  profusely  punctate  in  black,  made  up  of  scattered 
punct.T,  about  0.03"'"'  in  diameter,  not  alto{^etlier  irrejjfularly  disposed, 
nltlioufrli  at  first  siglit  liavinj^  that  appcurauco,  but  showinfif  in  many  places, 
not  uniformly,  signs  of  a  longitudinal  distribution  into  from  fourteen  to 
sixteen  rows.  The  elytra,  indeed,  resemble  those  of  IJostrychus  capucintis 
(Linn.),  but  I  am  not  aware  tliat  similar  markings  occur  on  smaller  Ptinida*. 

Length  of  body,  4.;V"'" :  breadth  of  same,  2"'"';  length  of  elytra,  3. If)'"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  97  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard, 
and  403S  (S.  II.  Scudder). 

AnOHUIM  f    DECKPTIIM. 

I'l.  S,   Virr.   IS. 

Anohium  deceplum  S<!ii(Id.,  Hull.  I'.  S.  (icol.  Oconr.  Surv.  Titf.,  IV,  7(iH  (1878). 

Another  specimen,  representing  an  elytron  only,  evidently  belongs  to 
the  same  genus  as  the  la.st,  and  at  first  sight  appeared  to  be  of  the  same 
species,  as  it  belongs  to  an  insect  of  the  same  size,  and  tiie  punctures  on  the 
elytra  are  similarly  dispiwed  ;  they  are,  however,  if  anything,  more  thickly 
crowded,  so  as  to  form  about  eighteen  rows  in  the  rather  broader  elytron  ; 
and  not  only  is  the  elytron  broader  an<l  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  spe- 
cies, being  le.ss  than  two  and  a  half  times  l(»nger  than  broad,  but  it  scarcely 
tapers  at  all  in  the  basal  three-fifths,  and  beyond  that  more  rajadly  tiian  in 
the  species  last  described. 

Lengtli  of  elytron,  3"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  1 .25'""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  408(5. 

Anoriim  monitim. 

ri.   s,   Fijr.   21. 
Anohium  lignilum  Snidd.,  Hull.  1'.  S.  (ii-ol.  ricojtr.  Siiiv.  Terr.,  IV,  TriH(187H), 

A  tliinl  species  of  this  funily.  willi  irregularly  punctale  elytra,  is  rep- 
resented l)v  a  single  specimen,  giving  a  <lorsal  view  of  proiintum  and  el\  tra. 
It  differs  geiiericallv  fnmi  the  two  preceding  species,  ami  agrees  l)etter  with 
Anoiiinm  proper  in  having  a  more  gibbous  and  I'ss  conical  ])rotliorax,  and 
in  having  the  sides  of  tlie  elytra  parallel  through  most  of  their  extent.  It 
is  c'Msiderably  smaller  than  either  of  the  preceding  species.     The  prothorax 


COLEOTrEIIA— BUPKESTID^. 


493 


is  one-third  the  lengtli  of  the  body,  iniiuitely  i)unctate  and  scabrous,  taper- 
ing only  a  little  in  its  basal  and  considerably  in  its  anterior  half,  the  front 
well  rounded.  The  elytra  are  about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than 
broad,  equal  on  the  basal  two-thirds,  and  then  rounding  rapidly  inward,  so 
that  the  posterior  outline  of  the  body  is  more  broadly  rounded  than  the 
anterior  outline ;  the  elytra  are  profusely  punctate  with  little  jjits,  averag- 
ing scarcely  more  than  0.02"""  in  diameter,  distributed  at  pretty  regular 
intervals,  but  not  forming  anything  like  longitudinal  series,  and  so  near 
together  as  to  be  equivalent  to  about  fourteen  rows.  The  whole  body  is 
uniformly  black. 

Length  of  body,  3.75""" ;  of  elytra,  2.:)""" ;  width  of  body,  l.'J""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  si)ecimen.  No.  4082. 

SITODREPA  Thomson. 

SlTODKEPA   DEFUMCTA. 
Sitodrepa  de/uncta  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Gtogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  82  (1876). 

A  single  elytron,  with  its  reverse,  is  very  poorly  preserved,  more  than 
twice  and  a  half  as  long  as  broad,  equal  until  near  the  tip,  which  is  rounded 
oif ;  it  is  traversed  by  eight  or  nine  very  slightly  impressed  and  delicate 
punctate  striae  0.1""'  apart. 

Length,  2.75""";  breadth,  1.06'""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  191  and  15206  (F.  C. 
A.  Richardson). 

Family  BUPRESTID^  Stephens. 
BUPRESTIS  Linnet 

BUPKESI'US   TEUTIAKIA. 

Pi.  2,  Fig.  23. 

BuprcHlis  lertiiiha  Sciultl.,  Kop.  Progr.  (ioiil.  Surv.  Ciiii,,  1S77-IH7H,  IHO-HIB  (1879). 

Three  specimens  were  obtained  of  this  species,  all  of  them  elytra. 
One  shows  the  two  elytra  crossed  at  the  base,  and  a  reverse  of  thic  shows 
the  cast  of  the  upper  surface;  the  other  two  are  single  and  perfect  elytra, 
both  exhibiting  the  u\)\n'V  surface,  one  in  relief,  the  other  as  a  cast,  but 
they  are  nut  reverses.     This  and  the  two  following  species  classed  under 


WW a 


494 


TEETIAKY  INSECTS  OP  NOllTH  AMEUICA. 


Huprestis  agree  closely  together,  but  do  not  seem  vo  be  plainly  referable  to 
any  recent  American  genus,  although  approaching  nearest  Huprestis  or 
Aiicylocheira.  They  seem  to  be  nearly  related  also  to  the  Tertiary  species 
from  Sieblos,  described  by  Ileyden  under  the  name  of  B.  senecta.  For  the 
present  1  place  them  in  Buprestis. 

The  elytra  are  very  long  and  slender,  nearly  four  times  as  long  ;is 
broad,  ecpial  throughout  the  basal  two-thirds,  then  gradually  and  very  reg- 
ularly tapering  by  the  sloping  of  the  outer  edge,  the  tip  a  little  produced 
and  rounded,  and  about  one-fourth  as  broad  as  the  miildle  of  the  elytron. 
Thj  surface  is  ornamented  by  ten  rows  of  very  distinct  stri;i'  with  rather 
deeply  injpressed  puncta* ;  these  strijc  are  a.  little  sinuous  near  the  base, 
and  there  is  also  a  scutellar  stria  extending  down  nearly  one-third  of  the 
elytron  ;  the  outer  stria  unites  with  the  margin  in  the  middle  of  the  outer 
half  of  the  elytron  :  the  three  inner  and  two  other  outer  striae  extend  to  the 
apex,  while  the  four  interior  striiv  terminate:  the  inner  pair  a  little  beyond 
the  termination  of  the  outer  stria,  the  outer  j)air  still  a  little  farther  toward 
the  apex,  thus  allowing  for  the  narrowing  of  the  elytra;  the  surface 
between  the  stria-  is  miu-li  l)roken  b}'  slight  transverse  corrugations,  giving, 
with  the  j)unctate  stria',  a  rough  appearance  to  the  elytra.  This  species 
differs  from  the  two  foUowing  by  the  great  slenderness  of  the  elytra  and 
the  more  delicate  tapering  of  its  tip. 

Length  of  elytron,  »;..")""";  breadtii,  1.7'""'. 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  Uritish  Columbia.  Three  speci- 
mens, No.s.  4s,  ,")1  and  .02,  54  (Dr.  G.  M.  Uawson). 

liCPRKSTIS    SAXIOENA. 

r'l.  '2,  Fifis.  '2i,  •>5. 

IlupreKtin  Kiuigiiia  Sciiild.,  Rep.  rnifjr.  (iml,  Siirv.  Can.,  lH77-ltCH,  IrilB  (IH7!)). 

This  species  is  rejiresented  by  several  elytra  or  fragments  of  elytra, 
sometimes  preserved  by  pairs  i.i  natural  connection.  It  is  very  closely 
allied  to  thti  last,  but  differs  from  it  in  having  the  elytra  less  slender,  the 
breadtii  being  contained  aliout  three  and  a  half  times  in  the  length,  and  in 
the  rather  greater  coarseness  of  the  punctuation  and  transverse  corrugation. 
The  stria-  are  the  same  in  number,  but  nrv,  perhaps,  a  little  more  sinuous, 
and  the  scutellar  stria  is  shorter,  hardly  extending  so  much  as  a  quarfer-wav 
down  the  inner  margin  ;  the  othi-r  stria-  terminate  in  nnich  the  same  way  us 


1  f^ 


i  ii 


COLEOPTEKA— BUPRBSTID^. 


495 


in  B.  tertiaria,  but  the  seventh  stria  (from  the  suture)  frequently  runs  to,  or 
very  nearly  to,  the  tip ;  the  extreme  tip  is  formed  precisely  as  in  B.  ter- 
tiaria,  but  tlie  sides  of  the  elytra,  nmuing  parallel  throughout  three-quar- 
ters of  their  length,  taper  toward  the  apex  more  abruptly  than  in  the  pre- 
ceding species,  though  with  the  same  regularity.  This  species  stands  mid- 
way betwee)!  the  other  two  here  described  in  the  form  of  the  apical  third  of 
the  elytra. 

Length,  e.-i"'™;  breadth,  1.7""". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  Tive  speci- 
mens, Nos.  47  and  54,  4y,  50,  55,  56  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 

BUPBESTIS    8EPULTA. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  26. 

Bupresiia  eepulta  Seudd.,  Rop.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  181B  (1879). 

A  single  specimen,  showing  the  greater  part  of  both  elytra  in  natural 
conjunction,  must  be  separated  from  the  two  preceding  by  its  still  broader 
elytra  with  more  rapidly  tapering  apex.  The  elytra  are  slightly  less  than 
three  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  with  sides  parallel  throughout 
three-quarters  of  their  length,  then  suddenly  tapering,  the  extreme  tip 
shaped  as  in  the  other  species,  only  more  produced,  so  as  to  form  more  dis- 
tinctly a  kind  of  lobe,  the  outer  margin  being  very  slightly  and  roundly 
excised  just  before  the  produced  tip.  The  surface  is  perhaps  even  rougher 
than  in  the  other  species,  but  the  striae  appear  to  be  less  sinuous;  the  scu- 
tellar  stria  is  destroyed  in  both  elytra  of  the  single  specimen  before  me ;  the 
outer  stria  terminates  as  in  B.  tertiaria,  but  the  inner  pair  of  the  middle 
series  of  striie  is  here  the  longer,  extending  barely  to  the  tip  of  the  outer 
stria,  while  the  outer  pair  is  a  little  shorter ;  the  produced  tip  of  the  elytra 
is  a  little  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  species,  but  similarly  rounded 
apically. 

Length  of  elytron,  6.7""" ;  breadth,  2""». 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.     One  speci- 
men, No.  53  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 


:\ 


■   I 


I 


496  TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Family  ELATERID^  Leach. 
OXYGON  US  LeConte. 

OXYGONUS    MOKTUU8. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  110.111. 

Otygonui  mor«i»M»  Seudd.,  Hull.  JT.  S.  Gool.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Ti-rr.,  II,  81  (1876). 

Thv3  single  elytron  and  its  reverse  obtained  is  slender,  the  humeral 
angle  well  rouiulod,  the  outer  edge  apparently  a  little  niarginate  ;  it  is 
almost  equal  until  near  the  tip,  wh(in  it  tapers  to  a  "oint.  This  peculiarity 
leads  me  to  refer  it  to  Oxygonus,  although  the  apex  is  not  produced  so  much 
as  in  recent  species  of  that  group.  It  is  furnished  with  eight  equidistant, 
rather  strongly  impressed,  but  delicate  stria',  that  nearest  the  suture  almost 
incroaching  upon  the  margin ;  these  stride  are  e(iuidistant  anteriorly  and  in 
the  middle,  but  posteriorly  they  converge  toward  each  other. 

Length  of  elytron,  4.55'""' ,;  breadth,  1.72""" ;  distiince  of  striae  apart, 
0.2""". 

Fossil  Cafion,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

CORYMBITES  LatreiUe. 

COKYMHITKS  VELATUS. 
Corymhilrn  rflatim  Srnilil.,  Bull.  U.  S.  (ieol.  (ieo^^r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  HI  (1876). 

A  single  specimen,  with  its  reverse,  found.  The  head  aiul  prothorax 
are  gone,  but  l)oth  upper  and  under  su.face  of  the  rest  of  tlie  body,  includ- 
ing tile  elvtra,  may  be  seen  in  each  impression  with  nearly  equal  dis- 
tinctness. The  insect  appears  to  have  been  about  the  size  of  C.  mediuims 
(Germ.),  but  more  clo.sely  ailieil  in  form  to  C.  splendens  (Ziegl.).  The  legs 
!iave  been  destroyed,  but  the  middle  and  hind  coxal  cavities  may  be  seen. 
The  elytra  are  of  the  length  of  the  abilomen,  acutely  angled,  almost  pointed 
at  the  tip,  and  furnishi'd  near  the  outer  edge  with  a  broad  and  shallow  fur- 
row, whose  outer  limit  is  al)riipt  and  thus  well  marked,  liesides  this  the 
elytra  are  faintly  and  distantly  striate,  with  five  or  six  rows  of  striic,  and 
the  m(!sostL-riium  and  im-tasternuin  are  very  delicately  granulate. 

Length  of  fragment,  (I'""' ;  breadth,  3'"'" ;  distance  between  anterior 
edges  of  middle  and  hind  coxiv,  1.75"'"'. 

Green  liiver,  Wyoiaiug.  Ona  specimen,  Nos.  137  and  15249  (F.  C. 
A.  Richardson). 


COLEOPTERA— ELATEKID.E. 


497 


CRYPTOIIYPNUS  Eschscholtz. 


CkYPTOIIYPNUS  ?    TEKRESTKIS. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  30. 
Cfjipiohypnusr  terre»tria  Soiidd.,  Bop.  Progr.  Oeol.  Sarv.  Cin.,  1877-1878,  181-183B  (1879). 

A  single,  very  nearly  perfect,  elytron,  broken  slightly  at  the  base, 
which  belongs,  with  little  doubt,  to  the  f^lateridaj,  is  provisionally  referred 
to  this  genus.  The  form  of  the  elytron  is  as  in  C.  planatus  LeC,  which  is 
slightly  larger  than  the  fossil  species.  The  surface  is  very  minutely  punc- 
tato-rugose,  and  the  stria3  are  sharp  and  clearly  defined.  In  nearly  all 
Elaterida;  the  fourth  stria  from  the  suture  unites  with  the  third  rather  than 
with  the  fifth,  although  it  often  runs  independently  to  the  tip.  In  <  irypto- 
hypnus  there  appears  to  be  more  latitude,  nearly  any  of  the  strifp.  uniting 
with  either  of  their  neighbors ;  and  in  thii  species  the  fourth  unites  with 
the  fifth  some  distance  before  the  tip,  while  the  first  three  run  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  elytron,  and  the  sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth,  following  the 
curve  of  the  outer  margin,  terminate  near  the  tip  of  the  third  stria. 

Length  oi  elytron,  ,5.5""";  breadth,  1.7.5'"°. 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  One  speci- 
men. No.  .59  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 

F.om  the  same  locality  were  brought  the  remains  of  another  insect, 
consisting  of  the  metasternal  plates,  one  side  complete,  the  other  broken, 
and  plainly  belonging  to  the  Elateridii;.  The  perfect  side  agrees  so  well 
with  the  same  part  in  Cryptohypnus  planatus  LeC.  that  I  refer  it  to  the 
fossil  species  above  described,  which  its  size  renders  entirely  admissible.  It 
is,  however,  relatively  longer  than  in  C.  planatus,  the  perfect  half  being 
about  a  third  longer  than  broad,  not  including,  of  course,  the  side  pieces* 
which  are  not  preserved.  Tiie  surface  is  densely  and  rather  heavily  punc- 
tate, more  densely  and  perhaps  less  deeply  next  the  coxal  cavities;  the 
median  line  (separating  the  two  lateral  halves  of  the  whole  metasternum) 
is  very  deeply  impressed,  but  the  furrow  dies  out  anteriorly  in  the  projec- 
tion between  the  coxai. 

Length  of  metasternum,  2.1'"". 

VOL  XIII 32 


!!■! 


498 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


' 


EPIPHANIS  Eschscholtz. 

Epiphanis  delktus. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  113,114. 
Epiphanh  deleliii  ScmW.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Ocol.  OeoKr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  80-81  (1876). 

On  account  of  the  structure  of  the  antenna^  and  general  reseniblanco  of 
this  insect  to  Epiphanis  cornutus  Esdisch,  I  liave  placed  it  in  the  same 
genus ;  but  the  form  of  the  prothorax  differs  somewhat  in  the  two  species. 
The  head  is  moderately  large,  subquadrate,  the  anteniuti  moni'iform,  com- 
posed of  twelve  (preserved)  equal  joints.  The  thorax  is  nearly  quadrate 
with  straight  sides,  the  front  lateral  angles  rectangular,  the  front  border 
straight  or  scarcely  concave,  the  hind  border  slightly  angulato  ;  the  elytra 
are  slender  and  taper  from  the  middle  backward ;  they  are  too  poorly  pre- 
served to  show  the  markings. 

Length,  .^)""";  breadth,  11)2""" ;  length  of  head,  0.!)4"'"' ;  breadth  of 
same,  0.96"""  ;  length  of  prothorax,  1.12"'"';  breadthof  same,  1.24™"';  length 
of  elytra,  2.8.5"'"';  breadth  of  same,  O.Tf)"'™  ;  length  of  antenna-,  1.6""";  of 
sixth  joint  of  same,  O.l."""'. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

P^I.ATKKllt.K    *    sp. 

I'l. ; ,  Via.  -f*- 

f.7<l^ri.^l■;'«j).  ScmkM.,  K.'ii.  rr..);r.  «l(ol.  Siirv.  ('an.,  I^-'T-I^-TH,  IHdll(lH70). 

In  the  Cidlection  of  the  Oeological  Survey  of  Canada  there  is  an  elytron 
with  the  ba.se  nearly  destroyed  which  resembles  in  striation  the  llydro- 
phi!id;e,  but  is  far  too  elongated  to  belong  to  that  family,  reseml)ling  rather 
the  Elaterid;e.  It  is  st.  imperfectly  preserved  that,  i)eri  aps,  a  nearer  determi- 
nation is  impo.ssible  at  present.  There  are  eitrht  ratlier  faintly  impressed  but 
distinct  stria*,  the  oiit(;rmo.st  a  little  more  distinct,  especially  toward  the  tip. 

Widtii  of  elytron,  1.25"""' ;  its  apparent  length,  4.5""". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen, 
No.  60  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 


COLEOPTKRA— NITIDULIDiB.  499 

Family  BYRRHIDyE  Leach. 
NOSODENDRON  Latreillo. 

NOSOUENDRON   TRITAVDM. 
PI.  7,  Fiff.  36. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  a  little  larger  and  a  little  stouter  than 
our  N.  unicolor,  and  which  shows  the  under  surface  of  the  body  with  the 
head  bent  juider  and  with  the  elytral  markings  showing  through  to  a  certain 
extent.  The  head  appears  to  bo  smooth  ;  four  segments  are  shown  behind 
the  hind  coxiw,  occupying  about  one-third  of  the  abdomen,  and,  excepting 
for  the  slightly  longer  posterior  segment,  of  equal  length  and  all  uniforndy, 
profusely,  and  minutely  punctate.  The  elytra  show  here  and  there  signs 
of  faintly  impressed  distant  striiu,  which  do  not  appear  on  the  plate. 

Length  of  body,  5'"'" ;  breadth,  3.6'"™  ;  distance  apart  of  elytral  stri«3, 
0.2"'"'. 

Grreen  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  8fi  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

Family  NITIDULID>E  Leach. 
PIIE^'OLIA  Erichson. 

PlIENOLIA    INCAPAX. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  23. 
PhenoUa  incapax  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Ooogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  HO  (1876). 

Represented  only  l)y  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse,  showing  the 
under  surface  of  the  body,  from  which  the  appendages  have  been  torn.  It 
closely  resembles  in  size,  form,  and  the  relation  of  the  parts  P.  grossa 
(Fabr.),  but  differs  from  it  in  the  cliaracter  of  the  under  surface  of  the  l>ody, 
which  in  the  fossil  species  is  very  minutely  and  very  fointly  punctulate, 
and  the  posterior  edges  of  the  segments  are  not  raised. 

Length  of  fragment,  5.5'""' ;  of  abdomen,  2.3™"' ;  breadth  of  same,  3'"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  133  and  15201  (F.  C. 
A.  Richardson). 


u 


('! 


•J    i 


'i     t 


i  I 


600 


TEUTlAliY  INSHCTS  OK  NOltTH  AMEUICA. 


ri{()METOPIA  Ericl.son. 

I'kkmetopia  dkpilis. 
I'l.  2,  Fijj.  2». 

rromeloiiia  iliiiilin  Siiiiltl.,  Hep.  l'-''^'r.  (Joiil.  Siirv.  Can.,  l«7r>-lM70,2TH-27".»(I''r«'ncho(i.,  •og-.'Oit)  (1877). 

Tliis  beetle  uppeicis  to  l)(jK)ii<jf  to  the  Nitidulida',  but  where  it  sitouM 
be  {jetu'rii'iilly  located  is  ii  .'iiutter  of  some  doubt.  It  re.senil)les  uio.st  Jiuioufr 
our  Anierieiin  I'orins  the  jjenus  in  which  I  hivve  provisionally  placed  it,  but 
so  few  really  ^'■eueric  features  remain  that  one  can  judge  by  little  other 
than  accessory  character.s.  The  head  is  wanting  and  the  thorax  is  broken, 
and  though  exhibiting  tin*  under  surface,  the  markings  of  the  elytra  can 
bo  readily  seen,  ;is  is  frecpiently  the  case  in  fossil  l>eotles.  The  form  of 
the  elytra  and  scutcllnm  is  precisely  that  of  l*n>'net(d)ia  .sexmaculata, 
excepting  that  the  basi' ofthe  elytra  is  more  distinctly  angnlate;  beneath, 
the  elytra  an-  ('X[)anded  just  as  there,  and  punctured  in  much  the  .same 
irregular  and  minute  miuiiier,  but  eipially  so  at  the  extreme  border 
beneath,  insti-ad  of  being  I'lirnislied  .it  this  point  with  transverse  rugic ;  the 
punctures  are  (l.()2'<"""  in  diameter,  and  d(»  not  give  origin  to  hairs;  the 
elytra  are  dark  castaneous,  and  have  a  dull  ridge  along  the  sutural  margin. 
The  thorax  is  black  and  jtroportioiially  shorter  than  in  I'rometopia,  but 
oth(!r\vise  it  appears  to  have  the  same  form,  although  the  characteristic  lat- 
eral j)n)jectioiis  of  the  fnmt  border  are  broken  oH",  only  the  slightest  indica- 
tion of  that  on  the  left  side  appearing  in  a  jtorfion  of  the  curve  of  the  front 
border.  The  thorax  is  more  minutely  punctate  than  the  elytra,  and  the 
punctic  are  connected  by  the  slightest  jxtssible  impressed  liiu's,  giving  it 
somewhat  of  a  corrugated  appearance ;  a  few  of  the  al)dominal  segments 
may  be  seen,  the  pygidium  exteinling  just  beyond  the  elytra;  all  these 
joints  are  black,  smooth,  and  .shining,  without  trace  of  haiis  or  punctures. 

Length  of  fragment,  .')..')""";  length  (.f  middle  of  thorax,  1.2')""";  breadth 
of  same,  .•5.2'""":  length  of  elytra,  ;5  75""" ;  breadth  of  united  elytra,  3.3.")"'"'. 

Quesnel,  IJritish  Columbia.    (Jne  specimen,  No.  24  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw.son). 


pi  i 


COLEOPTERA— CUCUJIDvE.  501 

Family  CRYPTOPHAGIDyE  Kirby. 
AN^niEROPIIAGUS  Latreillo. 

AnTHEROPHAOUS   PRI8CU8. 
PI.  7,  Figs.  24,  35. 

AnlheropKagui prisottt  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  (ici>){r..8iiiv.  IVrr.,  11,  79-80  (187(1) ;  in  Zlttol,  Handb.  d. 

Palicont.,  I,  li,  7!tU,  Fij,'.  lor.l  (lHHr>). 

Soveriil  specimens,  representing'  eitlier  tlie  nppcr  or  tlio  under  surface  of 
tlie  body,  have  been  obtained.  Tliey  resendjlo  A.  ocliraceus  Melsli.  in  general 
apj)earanco.  The  head  is  nearly  as  broaci  as  the  thorax  and  well  rounded ; 
the  eyes  are  about  circular,  0.1 1'""'  in  diameter;  the  mandibles  are  stout, 
about  twice  as  long  as  their  breadth  at  base,  tapering  but  slightly;  the 
labium  is  narrow.  I'lu)  prothorax  is  about  t\vi(re  as  broad  as  long,  smooth, 
the  front  border  slightly  concave  above,  rather  strongly  concave  below,  the 
sides  gently  and  regularly  convex,  the  anterior  angles  rectangular,  the  pos- 
terior less  proiniiu^nt,  the  hind  border  l)roadly  convex.  The  prosternum 
and  the  other  sternal  portions  of  the  thorax  seem  to  be  delicately  gran- 
ulose  ;  the  middle  coxai  are  about  ecpiidistant  from  the  others,  or  perhaps 
slightly  closer  to  the  hind  jjair,  and  the  fore  coxaj  are  more  closely  apjjrox- 
ifnated  to  each  other  than  the  others,  being  separated  by  less  than  their 
own  width.  The  scutellum  is  small,  scarcely  longer  than  broad.  'J'he 
elytra  are  smooth,  equal,  tap3ring  only  near  the  tip,  the  extremity  of  each 
independently  and  roundly  pointed. 

Length,  3.2"'"' ;  breadth,  1.65""" ;  breadth  of  head,  1.05"""  ;  of  prothorax, 
1.53""";  length  of  same,  0.75""";  of  elytra,  2.1""";  breadth  of  same,  C.g""™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  4191,  15152  and 
15143,  15202,  15252  (Richardson,  Uowditch,  Scudder). 


Family  CUCUJID^  Stephens. 

PARANDRrrA  LeConte. 

Pauanurita  vestita. 

n.  7,  Fig.  41. 

Body  stout.     Head  quadrate,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  posterior  and 
lateral  margins  straight,  the  front  margin  between  the  bases  of  the  antennje 


m 


('■• 


m 

i! 

ij 

IK, 

I  i 


502 


TKUTIAUY  INSHOTS  OF  NOllTU  AMKUICA. 


inmlo  of  tlireo  iioivrly  o(iiial  ciimrginatiouH,  ono  at  the  base  of  each  ninndi- 
blf,  and  one,  sli^fhtly  Itroadur,  tlio  cinargi nation  of  tlio  labruni.  TliOHO 
Hcari'oly  show  on  tho  plate,  wliero  tlio  anterior  edge  wrongly  appears,  eHpo- 
eially  on  the  left  Hide,  to  bo  somewhat  in  advance  of  the  front  margin  of 
the  oyo8.  Mandibles  large,  stout,  nearly  as  long  as  the  head.  Kyes  small, 
circular,  situated  with  the  antennjx!  at  the  anterior  angles  of  the  head,  as 
distant  as  possible  from  the  prothorax.  Protborax  slightly  broader  than 
the  head  and  of  the  same  shape,  excepting  that  the  posterior  angles  are 
broadly  rounded  and  so  not  closely  connected  with  the  elytra,  the  humeral 
angles  of  which  are  also  rouiuled.  These  are  slightly  broader  than  the 
l»rothorax,  soujowhat  longer  than  the  rest  of  the  body,  entire,  with  ])arallel 
sides  They  are  weakly  and  distantly  striate,  the  stria?  marked  by  sparsely 
arrangeil  erect  seta-  about  as  long  as  the  interspaces.  Similar  seta-  are 
scattered  sparsely  over  the  head  and  prothorax  and  oven  the  base  of  the 
mandibles. 

liOngth  of  body,  7""";  of  head  and  mandibles,  1.75"'™;  of  prothorax, 
1.2'""';  of  elytra,  4""" ;  breadth  of  head,  "J""" ;  of  prothorax,  2.3.')""" ;  of  ely- 
tra, 2.(15""". 

This  species  differs  so  nnich  in  its  general  asj)ect,  and  especially  in  its 
comparative  breadth,  the  great  l)readth  of  the  head,  and  the  s(juareness  of 
the  prothorax,  from  P.  cephalotes  LeC,  with  which  I  have  especially  com- 
pared it,  that  I  have  hesitated  somewhat  to  place  it  in  the  same  geinis. 
Casey  does  not  recognize  the  generic  distinction  of  Parandrita  from  Ijumuo- 
phlaus,  but  if  this  fossil  Ije  considered  a  member  of  the  group  there  can  be 
little  doubt  of  its  value. 

(Jreen  River,  Wyoming.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  H7  (Dr.  A.  S.  Pack- 
ard); 83,  85,  95  (Prof  L.  A.  Lee). 

Family  EROTYLID>E   Leach. 
MYCOTin-rrUS  Chevrolat. 

MYCOTUETl'S    IUN0TATU8. 

ri.  7,  FiK.  .'JO. 

Mycotretutbinotata  Sciidil.,  Dull.  II.  S.  Oool.  Geogr.  Surv.Torr.,  IV,  703-764  (1878);  in  Zittel,  Ilandb.  d. 

I'ahi'ont.,  I,  ii,  800,  Fig.  1053  (IBR-.). 

A  single  specimen  with  its  reverse  represent  the  dorsal  aspect  of  this 
species,  which  closuly  resembles  M.  sanguinipennis  Lac.  in  shape.     It  is, 


COLKOPTEKA— STAPHYLINIDvE. 


503 


however,  a  little  smuUer,  the  thorax  taporH  loss  rapidly,  and  the  elytra  are 
not  striate.  The  head  '\h  badly  [)ro,sorved,  boin^'  crowded  under  the  thorax ; 
it  appears,  however,  to  be  very  small,  aI)out  halt"  as  broad  as  the  thorax, 
with  a  broadly  rounded  front,  large  eyes,  and  a  dark,  color.  I'ho  thorax  is 
about  two  and  a  hah' times  broader  than  Ion}"-,  with  slifjhtly  convex  sides, 
rej^tdarly  taporin{(  toward  the  ajjex,  but  not  s(»  rapidly  as  would  seem  to  be 
rerpiired  for  so  proportionally  narri»w  a  head  ;  the  front  Ijorder  broadly 
(M)ncave,  the  hind  border  very  obtusoly  an;^'ulate,  scarcoly  produced  as  a 
broad  trianj^lo  in  the  miihllo  ;  the  surface  is  of  a  li;,'Iit  color,  very  minutely 
and  profusely  punctulate,  the  himl  l>orders  faintly  marjjiiuite,  the  mar<4'in 
black  and  ptuictato.  Tlie  elytra  are  more  elonj^ate  tlian,  and  do  not  taper 
so  rapidly  as,  in  M.  san<jfuinipeiuiis ;  they  are  of  the  color  of  the  thorax, 
even  more  delicately  punctulate  than  it,  with  two  small,  short,  black,  loiif^i- 
tudinal,  impressed  dashes  just  outside  tlie  middle,  and  just  before  the  end 
of  the  basal  third  ;  the  basal  edye  of  the  elytra  is  marked  in  black,  much  as 
the  posterior  border  of  the  pronotum ;  and  the  scutellum  is  small,  owing 
to  tiie  encroachment  of  the  median  prolongation  of  the  protliorax. 

Total  length,  ;{.5""" ;  length  of  thorax,  O.G""";  of  elytra, 'i.rr"' ;  breadth 
of  head,  O.Try"" ;  of  thorax  in  front,  1.2""";  behind,  1.45""";  of  elytra  at  the 
spots,  2.1"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  3990  and  4015. 


Family  STAPHYLINIDyG  Leach. 
OXYTELUS  Gravenhorst. 


OXYTELUS   PKISTINU8. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  118-120. 
Oxylclua prhliiiua  Scndd.,  Hull.  V.  S.  Gcol.  Googr.  iSurv.  Terr.,  II,  79  (1876). 

A  single  fairly  preserved  specimen,  but  of  which  none  of  the  append- 
ages excepting  tlie  elytra  are  visible.  Apart  from  tlie  labral  prolongation, 
which  is  as  in  other  species  of  Oxytelus,  the  head  is  subquadrate,  slightly 
broader  than  long,  the  eyes  occupying  the  whole  lateral  outline  and  but 
little  convex  ;  the  sutural  divisions  of  the  under  surface  show  through  upon 
the  upper  surface  (which  is  exposed  to  view),  obscuring  somewhat  the  parts 
above.  Tlie  protliorax  is  somewhat  injured,  but  was  evidently  subquadrate, 
a  little  broader  than  the  head,  nearly  a  third  broader  than  long,  the  front 


tmamuai^tsgifia^gi 


[ 


111. 


'-■\ 


f 


504 


TKIlTIAItY  INSKOTM  OF  NOHTII  AMRIUCA. 


bordor  Hiijflitly  coiicftve,  tlie  outor  iimi'},'iii  u  littlo  oonvox,  tlio  poHtorior 
uii;flos  iiml  postorioi*  hordcr  cxartly  iih  in  OxytchiH  nij^osiis  ((Imv.);  tlio 
HUifiico  iH  (loliciitcly  pmu'tuliito  as  lu  tlio  HpocioH  iminoil,  and  tlioro  is  a  vory 
sliifht,  hIimIIow,  and  broad  median  lon<{'itndina1  Hulcation,  wIioho  vvalln,  how- 
over,  are  not.  clovatcd  into  rid^^'s,  as  ii«nal  in  tlio  spocicH  of  OxytcluH.  Tlio 
ri;.dit  olytron  is  expanded,  and  is  tlierefon*  in  tlie  inctst  favorablo  poHition  for 
examination;  it  is  inon*  than  half  as  lon^r  a^ain  as  liroad,  tlio  Immoral 
an;,de  well  ronndt'd  oil",  the  outer  marjjin  very  {^t'ntly  oonvox,  tlio  apex 
scpiarelv  tnineate  hnt  sli^ihtly  eonvex ;  the  surfaco  is  covered  rather  pro- 
fuseh  and  nnifonnly  witli  shallow  liirular  piuutiires  rosemhliiif^  those  of 
the  prothorax,  and  avera^fin;,'  alumt  (),(»4"""  in  diameter.  The  ahdomon  is 
much  as  usual  in  Oxytelus,  the  sides  slij;litly  convex,  and  the  tip  of  tlio 
ahdomeii  Idniitly  and  rather  rej^ularly  rounded;  it  was  evidently  furnished 
rather  aliundantly  with  very  line,  short  hairs. 

Len^ith  (»f  body,  1.2""";  of  hea<l,  (».7S""";  breadth  of  same,  H""" ; 
length  of  eyes,  0.^)4""";  breadth  of  same,  0.1  S""";  length  of  prothorax, 
0.72""";  l)readfh  of  .same,  0.!)"'"';  length  of  olytra,  1.22"'"';  breadth  of  same, 
0.75""";  breadth  of  alidomon,  l.Ki"'"'. 

Chafjrin  Valley,  White  Kiver,  (Colorado.     W.  Denton. 

iU.KDirs  Leach. 

Mlkdiis  adamuh. 

ri.  8,  Fifj.  10. 

nhdiif  (uliimim  SiMnlil.,  Itiill.  r.  S.  (ii'iil.  (iiMifjr.  Siirv.  'IVrr.,  IV,  "(i'J  (1S7H). 

A  rather  poorly  preserved  specimen  shows  the  dorsal  view  of  the  body 
without  the  legs  or  anteiin.e.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  H.  annularis  LeC, 
and  resembles  it  in  general  appeara'i"e,  but  seeins  to  have  shorter  tog- 
mina,  although  these  are  obscure  ;  it  is  also  a  rather  slenderer  species.  Tlio 
head  is  large,  as  broad  as  the  thoia.x,  with  rather  largo  eyes.  The  thorax 
is  quadrate,  and  the  elytra  together  (piadrate,  and  of  tlio  same  size  as  the 
tliomx.  The  abdomen  beyond  the  elytra  is  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  body; 
apically  it  expands  somewhat,  and  the  extremity  is  shaped  as  in  the  species 
mentioned. 

Length  of  body,  4.4"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  0.7.')"'"'. 

(Jreen  Kiver,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  4081. 


COLUOPTKUA— 8TAIMI  YFilNID^. 


505 


liLKUItrg   0LACIATU8. 
PI.  I,  KiK.  35. 

AUiod  to  11,  bnn'idoiiH  Lod  A  h'\\vj;\o  olytn)M,  ulioiit  twice  hh  lonj^  as 
broad,  tho  HidoH  idinoHt  parullul  and  Htmifflit,  wli^rlitly  hroador  tlian  tilsdwluiro 
juHt  boforo  tho  tip,  th(»  apical  inarfriii  Htraight,  not  iiicliMod,  tlio  outer  poHto- 
rior  an;^lo  j^oiitly  roiindod,  tlio  outer  border  HJij^htly,  tho  inner  Hcarcely, 
niar;riii(i(|,  the  dotiexcd  portion  of  tho  outer  niarjjin  narrow,  (Mpial,  ternii- 
natinjf  at  tlio  middle  of  the  outer  half  Texture  delicate,  the  HurfiH'o 
Hlijrhtly,  irrej^fularly,  and  not  very  cl(»sely  punctate.  A  very  small  ami 
rather  liroad  Hcutellinn  ih  indicated  by  the  Hhape  of  tho  inner  bamil  angle, 
which  Ih  not  quite  accurately  given  on  the  plate. 

Length  of  elytron,  l.iC ;   breadth,  1.1""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  tho  neig]d)orhood  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One 
spocinion.  No.  14r)40  (O.  .1.  llindo.) 

OXYPOIJIIS  FabricJus. 

OXYPORUS   ST1UIACII8, 
I'l.   1,   FiR.  30. 

A  single  elytron,  loss  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  somewhat  broken  at 
tho  base,  with  very  straight  and  almost  parallel  sides,  enlarging  to  tho  least 
possible  degree  apically.  It  is  a  rather  small  species,  of  delicate  texture, 
with  smooth,  unsculpturod  surface,  except  for  the  slightly  impressed  lines 
which  follow  the  sutural  and  outer  margins,  giving  a  thickened  appearance 
to  either  edge.  Tho  outer  margin  is  gently  and  regidarly  convex,  the  outer 
posterior  angle  gently  rounded,  and  the  deHoxed  portion  of  tho  outer  mar- 
gin very  narrow,  ecjual,  and  reaching  as  far  as  tho  rounded  apical  part. 

Length  of  elytron,  1.8""" ;  breadth,  1.12""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Oiitario.  One  specimen.  No.  14552 
(G.  J.  Ilindo.) 

LATIIKOIJIUM  Gravenhorst. 

LATIIROniUM    AI5SCES8UM. 
PI.  8,  Figs.  15,  21. 

Lathrobium  abteesaum  SciuUl.,  Uull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  II,  791  (187(1). 

Two  fragmentary  specimens  were  taken  by  Mr.  Richardson  near  Green 
River  Crossing,   Wyoming.     Tho  head  is  smooth,  subquadrate,   broader 


;1     : 

! 

\  '■ 

] 

f 

i;    : 

1 

■f 

1   ' 

M 

}j: 

if 


506 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tlian  long,  witli  sligiuly  convex  sides  and  hind  border,  the  eyes  of  medium 
size,  obovate,  n  little  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the  head.  The  prothorax 
is  smooth,  as  broad  as  the  head,  shaped  quite  as  in  L.  elongatum  (Linn.), 
the  sides  straight,  the  anterior  angles  rounded  off,  the  whole  posterior 
border  well  rounded.  The  abdonuMJ  is  also  as  in  the  species  mentioned, 
with  rounded,  tapering  tij),  but  the  elytra  are  short(!r,  being  barely  as  long 
as  the  prothorax,  with  rouiuled  apices. 

Length  of  body,  6.25'""';  (»f  head,  0.9(1""" ;  of  eyes,  O.'iri""" ;  breadth 
of  head,  1.02""";  length  of  prothorax,  l.K!""" ;  of  elytra,  1.05""";  breadth 
of  abdoinen,  1.2'""'. 

Tlie  al)(>ve  is  the  original  des('rij)tion  of  llie  species.  Since  then  other 
sp»>cinu'iis  have  l)een  found  by  Dr.  Packard  and  myself,  some  of  which  are 
better  preserved.  Tliese  show  that  the  head  is  of  about  e(pud  length  and 
breadth,  well  rounded,  and  with  the  surface  slightly  granular,  as  is  also 
the  prothorax  ;  the  la.st  is  of  a  very  short  oval  shape,  with  regularly 
rounded  sides,  scarcely  more  prominent  anteriorly  than  posteriorly. 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  5,  155''  (F.  C.  A. 
liichardson);  .S4,  94  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard);  ;5!»S7,  4049,  40S8  (S.  JI.  Scudder). 

I.ATIlKOniUM    INTEKGLACIALE. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  38. 

A  single  elytron  indicates  a  species  nearly  as  large  as  L.  grande  LeC, 
l)ut  with  coar.ser  sculpturing  than  is  connnon  in  this  genus  and  more  as  in 
(Jryptobium  ;  luit  in  the  latter  genus  the  posterior  margin  is  outwardly  pro- 
duced. The  inner  l);isal  angle  indicates  a  pretty  large  scutellum.  The 
elytron  is  of  nearly  uniform  width,  with  a  lUiarly  straight  outer  margin  but 
gently  roiindiMl,  the  greatest  width  do.se  to  tlu^  tip  ;  the  po.sterior  outer  angle 
is  rounded  otf  and  the  posterior  niargin  straight.  'J1ie  dellexed  portion  of 
the  outer  margin  is  narrow,  subeipuil,  rapidly  tapering  just  before  its  termi- 
nation, extending  just  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  elytron; 
inner  margin  simple.  Texture  dense,  the  surface  of  elytron  coarsely,  rather 
shallowly,  .and  not  very  closely,  irreguhirly  punctate,  and  marked  besides  by 
foiu'  or  five  short,  shallow,  irregular,  hnigitudinal  grooves  just  within  and 
before  the  middle. 

Length  of  elytron,  2.5""";  width  of  upper  .surface,  1.25""". 

Interglacial  clays  near  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14555 
(G.  J.  lliade). 


:|:ll 


OOLEOrTEltA— STAPDYLINIDiK.  507 

LEISTOTROPIIUS  Perty. 
Leistotropiius  patriabchicus. 

PI.  "),  Fig.  112. 
Leiilotrophun  patriarcMcus  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Googr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  II,  7rt-7!)  (187(!). 

A  single  {i^reatly  cruslied  and  ill  defined  specimen.  Above,  the  liead 
is  broader  than  long,  the  front  very  broadly  and  regularly  rounded,  the 
jaws  projecting  triangularly  beyond  it;  the  eyes  are  large,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  head  and  just  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  suace  between  them ;  the 
whole  head  is  minutely  and  uniformly  granulate.  The  collar,  which  is  not 
granulate,  is  of  the  same  width  as  the  part  of  the  head  between  the  eyes, 
and  about  half  as  long  as  the  head ;  on  one  side  of  and  in  direct  connection 
with  this  are  some  cruslied  fragments,  ajiparently  of  one  of  the  fore  coxic 
and  femora,  which  distort  its  appearance.  The  prothorax  is  of  about  the 
size  of  the  head,  (juadrate,  with  rounded  corners  and  a  slight  elevated  rim, 
without  punctures  or  granulations.  The  elytra  are  very  short,  broader 
than  long,  quadrate,  squai-ely  truncate  at  the  tip,  leaving  no  signs  of  an 
exposed  scutellum,  faintly  and  distantly  punctulate.  The  outline  of  the 
middle  coxai  is  impressed  through  the  remains  nf  the  insect,  showing  them 
to  be  shaped  as  in  Creophilus  and  Leistotropiius.  The  alxlomen  is  as  broad 
as  the  thorax,  not  much  longjr  than  broad,  broadly  rounded  apically,  fur- 
nished with  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  and  apical  tufts  as  in  Creophilus 
villosus  (Grav.) ;  there  are,  however,  no  signs  of  punctulation. 

Length  of  fragment,  12""";  of  head,  2.5'""';  breadth  of  same,  3.7.5"'™; 
length  of  eyes,  2""" ;  breadth  of  same  (as  seen  from  above),  0.88"'"' ;  length 
of  tegmina,  1.7.5'""';  breadth  of  same,  2'"'";  breadth  of  abdomen,  3.8'"'"; 
length  of  middle  femora,  2.3'""' ;  breadth  of  same,  0.(>5"-" ;  length  of  middle 
coxai,  2.5'"'" ;  breadth  of  same,  1.1'"'" ;  length  of  hind  femora,  2""" ;  of  hind 
tibia;,  2.5'""'. 

White  River;  near  the  Colorado- Utah  boundary.  One  specimen  (W. 
Denton). 

QUEDIUS  Stephens. 

The  two  species  described  here  from  Florissant  differ  considerably 
from  each  other  in  general  appearance,  but  appear  to  be  structurally  simi- 
lar.    They  differ,  one  more  markedly  than  the  ot'.ier,  from  modern  species 


508 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


of  tlie  genus  in  the  great  brevity  of  the  antennae  and  of  their  separate  joints, 
as  well  as,  so  far  as  can  bo  seen,  in  the  shortness  and  stoutness  of  the  legs. 

QlIEUIUS   CIIAMBERLINI. 
n.  10,  Fig.  8. 

Head  moderately  large,  ovate,  with  a  slightly  constricted  neck. 
Antenna"  considerably  longer  than  the  head,  reaching  about  to  the  middle 
of  the  thorax,  the  tliird  joint  a  little  longer  than  the  second,  scarcely 
increasing  in  breadth  apically,  the  last  joint  no  broader  than  the  penulti- 
mate and  scarcely,  if  at  all,  longer  than  broad.  I'rothorax  fully  as  long  as 
the  head  and  narrower  than  long,  subccjual,  smooth,  and  black.  Legs 
shorter  and  stouter  than  in  our  smaller  species  of  Quedius,  but  otherwise 
similar.  Klytra  longer  than  the  protliDrax,  of  the  same  color  and  densely, 
finely,  and  briefly  pilose.  Abdomen  black,  narrowing  posteriorly,  the  part 
beyond  the  elytra  longer  than  tiie  rest  of  the  body. 

Although  longer  than  in  the  other  species  of  Quedius  here  described, 
the  antenna'  are  still  markedly  shorter  than  in  our  living  forms. 

Length,  7.25'""':   breadth,  1..5""". 

The  specie.s  was  described  from  other  specimens  than  the  one  figured. 
It  is  named  for  the  distinguished  geologist,  l*resident  Chamberlin,  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin. 

Florissant.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  1478,  0615  and  7083,  10G27,  12057 
and  12483. 

QlKOIUS    nREWERI. 
ri.  16,  Vig.  4. 

Head  large,  ovate,  apparently  smooth,  with  distant  punctures,  the 
neck  slightly  constricted  ;  mandiiiles  stout  and  not  very  long;  anteiuiie  but 


le 


little  long«'r  than  the  head,  increasing  very  slightly  in  size  apically,  tl 
third  joint  a  little  slun'ter  than  the  .second,  the  last  subj)yriform,  a  little 
longer  than  l)r<tad,  while  the  peindtimatc'  is  broader  than  long.  Prothorax 
smooth  like  the  li(;a<l,  not  at  all  explanate,  apparently  of  about  equal  length 
ami  breadth,  narrowing  a  little  anteriorly,  furnished  with  a  few  distant, 
scattered,    erect    bristles.      Legs    apparently    much    as    in    Q. 


mo 


loci 


nnus 


((irav.),  to  which  it  appears  to  be  most  nearly  allied,  though  a  slenderer 
insect.      Elytra  rather  siiorter  and  scarcely  broader  than  the  prothorax, 


COLEOPTERA— STAPHYLlNIDiE. 


509 


thinly  clad  with  rather  long  hairs,  which  are  darker  than  the  also  sparse 
hairs  of  the  abdomen ;  abdomen  with  parallel  sides  and  rounded  tip. 

The  species  is  remarkable  for  its  slenderness,  the  brevity  of  the 
antenna),  and  the  stoutness  of  the  mandibles.  • 

Length,  8.5""";  breadth,  1.5"'™. 

The  species  was  described  from' other  specimens  than  the  one  figui'ed. 
It  is  named  after  the  Western  explorer  and  botanist,  Prof.  W.  II.  Brewer, 
of  Yale  College. 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos,  3863,  5800,  825t),  13(J35  and  141G1, 
besides  1.381  from  the  Princeton  Collection. 

GYROPH^ENA  Mannerheim. 

GYKOPHyENA    .SAXICOLA. 

ri.  5,  Figs.  123,  124. 
Uyrophwna  saxkola  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Geogr.  .Surv.  Torr.,  II,  78  (187(i). 

A  single  spociineii  of  a  species  allied  to  G.  vinula  Va:  has  the  head 
well  rounded,  witli  large  round  eyes  and  a  rounded  labrum.  The  pro- 
thorax  is  but  vaguely  defined  on  the  stone,  and  is  apparently  of  about 
equal  breadth  with  the  head,  and  shorter  than  broad.  The  elytra  are  of 
equal  length  and  breadth,  each  with  a  pair  of  longitudinal,  straight,  deli- 
cate, raised  lines.  There  is  no  sculpturing  of  the  surface ;  no  wings  can 
be  seen,  nor  legs,  and  the  indistinctly  preserved  abdomen  is  shaped  as  in 
G.  vinula. 

Length  of  body,  1.84""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

HOMALOTA  Mannerheim. 

HOMALOTA    UECISA. 
ri.  8,  Fig.  14. 

The  head  is  tolerably  large,  ])roduced  and  tapering  anteriorly  but  well 
rounded  at  tip ;  eyes  globular,  moderately  large.  Thorax  a  little  broader 
than  the  head,  subtjuadrate,  broader  than  long  (but  tl lis  feature  exaggerated 
in  the  figure),  with  gently  rounded  sides  and  profusely  and  rather  delicately 
punctate  surface.  Klytra  together  considerably  broader  than  the  thorax, 
about  as  long  as  their  united  breadth,  with  scattered  short  hairs  apparently 


: 


r 


1 


i'i 


.'■ 


f! 


510 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


arising'  from  shallow  puncta\  Abdomen  beyond  tJie  elytra  of  the  width  of 
the  thorax,  and  retaining  that  width  for  fonr  segmenis ;  the  four  segments 
beyond  that,  and  especially  the  longer  penultimate  and  antepenultimate 
segments,  tajiering  considerably,  the  last  segment  bluntly  pointed,  triangular. 
From  indications  in  the  clearer  parts  the  abdomen  would  appear  to  have 
been  faintly  and  rather  distantly  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  4.5""";  width  at  elytra,  1.1""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  No.  78  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard), 
No.  3990  (S.  II.  Scudder). 

STAPIIYIJNITES  gen.  nov.  (Staphylinus,  nom.  gen.). 

Stapiiylinite.s  ohsoletum. 
PI.  8,  Fig,  32. 

Slaphylinitf.1  obnolelum  Sciulil.,  Hull.  V.  S.  (Jeol.  Geogr.  Siirv,  Terr.,  II,  78  (1876). 

The  single  specimen  obtained  is  too  poorly  preserved  to  determine 
until  further  material  is  obtained  to  what  genus  of  Staphylinidm  it  should 
be  referred.  Following,  therefore,  the  lead  of  Prof  Oswald  Ileer  in  similar 
cases,  it  is  referred  to  a  provisional  genus  Staphylinites.  The  head,  thorax, 
and  abdomen  are  of  ecpial  breadth  ;  the  eyes  are  round  and  rather  large; 
the  posterior  border  of  the  pronotum  is  well  rounded  ;  the  elytra  are  simple, 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  truncate,  and  very  broadly  rounded,  with  a 
large,  rouiuli.sh,  very  dark  sj)ot  occupying  the  whole  of  the  tip. 

Lengtii  (.f  fragnxMit,  3.25""";  breadth  of  same,  1.25""";  diameter  of 
eyes,  0.45""";   length  of  elytra,  1.2.'>""". 

(Jroen  liivor,  Wyoming.  One  .specimen.  No.  15200  (Mr.  F.  C.  A. 
Ivichard.son). 

Family  H YDROPHILID^E  Leach. 

CEKCYON   Leach. 

CeKCVON    i    TKKKIGENA. 

ri.  2,  Fig.  21. 

Cerryon  t  tirrtyinu  Siuild.,  Kmi.  I'ii))?r.  Uvtil.  Siirv.  Can  ,  l-CT  l«7rt,  17UH  (IH7!t). 

A  single  elytron  with  the  base  broken  otT  aj)pears  to  represent  a  specieH 
of  Hydrophilidie,  and  perhaps  is  most  nearly  related  to  Cercyon,  but  of  this 


|K 


OOLEOPTERA— HYDROPHILID^. 


511 


there  is  much  doubt.  The  elytron  is  pretty  well  nrched,  equal  nearly  to 
the  tip,  then  rapidly  rounded  off,  indicating  an  ovate  beetle  with  the  shape 
of  a  Hydiobius  or  a  shorter  insect,  and  of  about  the  size  of  Helophorus  lineatus 
Say.  Eight  faintly  impressed  unimpunctured  stria?  are  visible,  the  outer 
one,  and  to  some  extent  the  one  next  it,  deeper ;  these  two  unite  close  to  the 
tip,  curving  strongly  apically ;  the  next  two  curve  slightly  near  their  ex- 
tremity, but  are  much  shorter,  not  reaching  the  fourth  stria  from  the  suture, 
which,  like  the  remaining  three,  pursues  a  straight  course  to  the  seventh 
stria.     The  surface  between  the  strise  is  nearly  smooth,  piceous. 

Length  of  fragment,  2.4""" ;  breadth  of  elytron,  1.35'"" ;  distance  apart 
of  the  striae,  0.15""". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen, 
No.  57  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 

HYDKOBIUS  Leach. 

Hydkouius  dkcinekatus. 

n.  8,  Fig.  27. 
Uydvohim  decineratm  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gcol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  761  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  exhibits  the  dorsal  surface,  but  with  part  of  the  thorax 
gone.  It  re])resents  a  species  a  very  little  larger  than  IL  fuscipes  Curt,  of 
California,  and  is  apparently  allied  to  it,  thougli  slenderer;  the  head  and 
eyes  are  as  in  tliat  species;  the  thorax  shorter  and  the  elytra  longer  and 
more  tapering  at  the  tips,  the  extremities  of  which,  however,  are  not  pre- 
served ;  they  are  furnished  with  oight  delicate  striae,  in  which  the  punctures 
are  scarcely  perceptible  even  when  magnified ;  the  surface  otherwise  ap- 
j)oars  to  be  smooth,  but  is  not  well  preserved.  The  scutelluin  is  as  in  the 
recent  sj)ecies  mentioned. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""";  of  elytra,  4.75""";  breadth  of  body,  3.G""". 

Green  River,  "Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4007. 

HyDROBIUS    CONFIXUS. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  25. 

A  single  elytron  has  been  found,  perfectly  flat,  with  nearly  parallel 
sides  and  a  bluntly  pointed  apex.  It  shows  place  for  a  minute  scutellum, 
the  surface  is  smooth,  but  marked  by  nine  parallel,  equidistant,  slightly 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

incised  strirc,  whicli  are  apparently  accompanied  (not  shown  in  the  plate) 
by  very  faint  and  rather  infrequent  punctures ;  ail  the  striai  can  be  traced 
almost  to  the  very  tij)  of  the  elytron,  some  of  them  unitinjy,  or  almost  uniting, 
as  shown  in  the  plate.  The  outer  edge  is  not  very  well  preserved,  and 
doubtless  a  tenth  stria  is  concealed  there. 

Length,  4""";  breadth,  1.7""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  79  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

PHILIIYDKUS  Solier. 

PUILU/DKUS    PRIM^VUS. 

PI.  8,  Fit,'.  5. 
rhilhydrun  primwriiK  Soudd.,  Bull.  V.  S.  Qool.  Googr.  Surv.  Terr.,  11,78(1870). 

A  single  specimen,  w.inting  head,  thorax,  and  legs,  but  exhibiting  at 
once  the  upper  and  under  surface  of  the  body  (like  specimens  mounted  after 
a  potiish  bath),  represents  this  species,  which  is  poorly  drawn  on  the  plate, 
the  striae  l)eing  too  far  apart  and  only  a  portion  of  them  sliown.  The  elytra 
taper  on  the  apical  third,  following  the  narrowing  form  of  the  abdomen,  and 
are  delicately  pointed ;  they  are  furnished  each  witii  six  straight,  equidis- 
tant rows  of  distinct,  longitudinal,  punctate  striie,  0.19"""  distant  from  one 
another. 

Length  of  elytra,  ii.S'"'  ,  breadth  of  same,  l.^r)"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  sj)ecimen.  No  15199  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson). ■ 

PiiiLiiYDKUS  spp. 

Two  sj)ecimens  (Nos.  4033,  4042)  of  speciies  of  Philhydrus  were  found 
by  Mr.  F.  C.  Bowditdi  and  myself  at  the  same  Green  River  locality,  but 
neither  of  them  is  very  [)erfect,  representing  little  else  than  elytra,  and  these 
rather  obscurely  preserved.  Tlie  larger  species  has  smooth  elytra ;  the 
elytra  of  the  other  have  eight  delicate  stria*,  which  apparently  are  not  punc- 
tured.    i'ossil)ly  one  or  both  should  be  referred  to  Ilydrobius. 

Length  of  elytra  of  larger  species  (No.  4033),  4""";  breadth  of  body, 

Length  of  elytra  of  smaller  species  (No.  4042),  3.75""" ;  breadth  of 
body,  3""". 

.Mention  of  these  Wiis  made  by  me  in  the  Hull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv. 
Terr.,  IV,  7<U  (1«78). 


OOLEOPTUUA— HYDUOPUILIDJS.  513 

LACCOBIUS  Erichson. 

LaCCOBIUS   ELONGATU8. 
PI.  7,  )'ig8.  27,  28. 
laccobiim  tlongatus  Scmld.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Siiiv.  Terr.,  IV,  7fil  (1878). 

A  single  8pe(;iinen  and  its  reverse  exhibit  tlie  elytron  of  a  slender 
Rpecies  of  Laccobius.  It  is  more  than  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than 
broad,  and  is  furnished  with  thirteen  equidistant,  delicately  jiunctured, 
faintly  impressed  strisc,  the  punctures  of  which  are  more  apparent  on  the 
basal  than  on  the  apical  half ;  the  inner  stria  is  as  distant  from  the  sutural 
border  as  from  the  neighboring  stria,  while  the  outer  is  scarcely  separate 
from  the  outer  margin.  The  species  is  very  large,  and  also  very  slender, 
for  a  Laccobius,  in  Avhich  genus,  however,  I  am  inclined  to  place  it,  from 
the  largo  number  of  punctured  strije.  The  elytron  has  much  the  general 
appearance  of  that  of  a  Lebia,  but  the  number  of  striae,  of  course,  forbids 
such  a  reference. 

Length  of  elytron,  2.9""';  breadth,  1.1™". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  81 »  and  ISG^  (Mr.  F.  C. 
A.  Richardson). 

.  ,     BEROSUS  Leach. 

Berosus  sexsteiatus. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  40. 

lierosuH  aexstriatus  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  .S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  7f>0-761  (1878). 

A  single  well  preserved  elytron  represents  a  species  scarcely  smaller 
than  B.  punctipennis  Chevr.  (undescr.^)  from  Mexico,  with  the  elytra  of 
which  it  also  agrees  in  the  character  of  the  tip  and  in  the  shape  of  the  whole, 
unless  in  the  fossil  it  tapers  more  toward  the  base  ;  the  latter  is  also  remark- 
able for  the  absence  of  the  two  lateral  striiv,  the  others  retaining  their  nor- 
mal position  ;  and  for  the  delicacy  of  the  stri.ne  themselves,  which  are  even 
more  faintly  impressed  than  in  B.  cuspidatus  Chevr.,  and,  unlike  all  Berosi  I 
have  seen,  are  nearly  devoid  of  any  sign  of  punctuation  ;  faint  traces  only 
can  be  seen  when  magnified  twenty-five  diameters.  As  not  unfreciuently 
hiippens  in  Hydropliilidie,   although  I  have  not  noticed  it  in  Berosus,  a 

'SiM'ii  ill  tlio  collootitm  of  tlio  late  Mr.  George  D.  Smith. 
VOL.  XIU 33 


5U 


TKUTIAUY  INSKCTS  OP  NOIJTII  AMKRIOA. 


iU    ) 


short  Hupplemoiitjviy  wtriii  orijfimitcs  near  the  biwo  of  tlio  soooiid  striii,  piwli- 
iii<f  it  n  littlo  to  ono  side,  iiiid  runs  into  tlio  first  stria  n  short  distiuico  from 
the  bnso  of  tiio  olytrii.     Length  of  elytron,  4.r)""" ;  breadth,  1.4""". 
Green  River,  Wyoniinfi;,     Ono  specimen.  No.  4079. 

ItEUOSUS    TKNITIH. 

PI.  8,  FiR.  .S. 

Hrronui  leniiin  .Sciiilil.,  Hull.  IT.  .S.  (}eol.  (iooKr.  .'<iirv.  Torr.,  IV,  7(iO  (187H). 

The  siiijrh!  specimen  rej)resentin<if  this  species  is  preserved  on  a  dorsal 
view,  and  is  unusally  slender  for  a  Herosiis,  but  seems  to  fall  here  rather 
than  in  any  other  of  the  hydrophilid  ji^enera.  It  is  of  about  the  siz(i  of  H. 
cuspidatus  Chevr.  from  ^lexico,  and  aj^rees  j>enerally  in  appearance  witli  it, 
but  is  .slenderer,  and  the  tip  of  the  elytra  is  simple  ;  the  punctured  striiu  are 
exactly  as  in  that  species,  as  far  as  they  can  be  made  out  'I'he  head  is 
large  and  well  rounded,  with  large  round  eyes.  'Die  pronotiim,  the  poste- 
rior edge  of  which  is  partly  concealed  by  tlio  overlapping  base  of  the  elytra, 
pushed  a  little  out  of  place,  is  shorter  than  in  IJ.  cuspidatus,  with  rounded 
sides,  broadly  and  shallowly  concave  front,  and  apparently  smooth  surface. 
The  elytra  are  long  and  slender,  with  entire,  bluntly  pointed  tip.s,  and 
very  delicate,  finely  impunctured  stria*.  Tiie  whole  body  is  regularly  obo- 
vatc.  broadest  in  the  middle.  . 

Length  of  body,  5.()5"'"':  of  elytra,  4.L5"'"' ;  breadth  of  bcnly,  2.75"'". 

Green  Kiver,  WN-oniing.     One  specimen.  No.  4002. 

THOPIS'l'EKNL'S  Solier. 

TkOI'ISTKRNI'.S    SC'l'M'TIKIS. 

Tropinlernu'  Mriilplilii  ."Sciulil.,  Hull.  T.  S.  (iccil.  (iciit,'r.  Stirv.  TiTr.,  IV,  "CiO  (1H7S). 

In  a  specimen  and  its  reverse,  of  .v.liich  only  the  abdomen  and  elytra 
are  preserved,  we  have  a  well  marked  species  of  Tropisternus  of  al)out  the 
size  and  sha])e  of  T.  mexicanus  C'astln.,  but  with  rather  frecpient  stria-,  more 
distinct  than  in  that  species,  and  cojnposed,  not,  as  there,  of  rows  of 
impressed  points,  but  of  continuous,  faintly  impressed  lines;  the  lines  are 
apparently  eight  in  ninnber  and  uniform  in  delicacy  and  distance  apart ; 
the  Itase  of  the  elytra,  however,  is  poorly  j)reserved ;  the  elytra  are  rather 
slenderer  than   in  the   recent  .species  mentioned,  and   the  extreme  tij)  is 


COLEOPTERA-IIYDROPFIILID^B. 


515 


roiindod  awl  not  acutdly  pointed.     Distinct  stiiiitlon  of  the  elytra  is  rare  in 
TropistcMMiUH,  l)ut  it  sciu'cely  soenia  poHsiblo  to  refer  tliirt  species  elsewhere. 

LeMj,'th  of  elytra,  0.5'"'" ;  breadth  of  combined  elytra,  !)""". 

Green  Iliver,  Wyoniinjjf.     One  specimen,  Nos.  3!)H9  and  4084. 

ThOPISTEKNUS   8AXIALI8. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  2. 

Trnpinlernim  narialis  Sriiild.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Oonl.  OnoRr.  Siirv.  Ttirr.,  IV,  7r)9-7r)0  (tH78). 

One  specimen  and  its  reverse,  fonnd  by  me  in  the  Green  River  shales, 
represents  a  species  of  Tropisternus  nearly  as  larjife  as  T.  binotatus  Walk, 
from  Mexico.  Tlie  hirgo  size  of  the  head  and  tlie  shortness  of  the  prothorax 
are  doubtless  due  to  tlio  mode  of  preservation,  the  whole  of  the  head, 
deflected  in  life,  boinjj  shown,  while  the  thorax  is  in  some  way  foreshort- 
ened. In  all  other  respects  it  aj^rees  with  the  Ilydrophilidaj,  and  especially 
witii  Tropisternus,  havinjr  the  form  of  the  species  mentioned.  The  head  is 
broad  and  well  rounded,  witii  small,  lateral,  p<isterior  eyes.  The  thorax  is 
much  broader  and  nutch  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long',  with  rounded 
sides,  taperiuff  anteriorly,  the  front  marjjin  broadly  and  rather  deeply  con- 
cave, the  hind  border  {fently  convex ;  the  scutellum  is  large,  trianj^ ular,  a 
little  longer  than  broad.  The  surface  of  the  thorax  and  elytra  is  appar- 
ently smooth ;  at  least  no  markings  art)  disc'  verable,  excepting  the  line  of 
the  inner  edge  of  the  iriferior  margination  of  the  sides  of  the  elytra,  which 
appears  through  the  latter,  as  do  also  the  abdominal  incisures  and  the  hind 
femora  and  tibijc.  These  legs  are  longer  and  slenderer  than  iii  T.  bino- 
tatus, the  femora  extending  beyond  the  sides  of  the  abdomen,  and  the  tibiic 
are  armed  beneath  at  tip  with  a  pair  of  slender  spines,  which  togetlier  with 
the  tibijK  are  about  as  long  as  the  femora. 

Length  of  body.  (!.(;.'')'""' ;  of  elytra,  4.4.5""" ;  breadth  of  middle  of  body, 

"" ;  length  of  hind  femora,  2"'"';  of  hind  til)iir,  I.2.')"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  t023  and  4027. 


3.2.') 


HYDROCHUS  Germar. 

Hydrochus  amictus. 

PI.  1,  Fig.  47. 

A  single  fragmentary  elytron  indicates  a  species  of  about  the  size  of 
H.  subcupreus  Rand.,  and  in  general  resembling  it.     The  figure  does  not 


516 


TKKTIAUY   INSWTa  OK  NOJtTII  AMIOUICA. 


properly  roprt'sciit  tlio  proniinfiut  rouncUul  huiufnil  uiijfU).  It  diflfcrH  from 
tho  modern  H))ecii's  iiu'iitionod  in  wanting  tli(>  Hpociul  pntniiiiencc  of  the 
third  and  fifth  iiiti'r«paceH  over  the  intermediate  ones,  though  the  seventh 
and  eightii  are  eh^vated  ;  the  punctures  are  also  a  litth*  h'ss  pronouneed, 
and  so  the  interspaees  wiiK-r ;  whenee  doiil)th>ss  it  liappens  that  the  minute 
liairs  which  are  confined  to  a  sinj;h'  pn^tty  rej^uhir  row  in  the  interspaees  of 
the  livin^f  sj)eeies  are  scattered,  irre<;uhir,  and  more  numerous  in  the  fossil. 

I.enjrtlj   of  frafrment,   -Ml' ;    pndtahh^   len<;th  of  elytron,  2.H""" :    its 

l.rtadth,   1""". 

Interfflacial  clay  beds  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No. 
14504  ((}.  .1.  Hinde). 

HYi>Kornrs  keli('Ti:h. 
!•!.  H,  Fij;.  II. 

Head  rather  larffe,  rounded,  subtrian;fular,  broader  than  lonjif  but 
prominent;  eyes  moderately  larj;e,  <rlobular,  somewhat  projectin;^.  Thorax 
cylindrical,  broader  than  lon^r,  a  littl*^  broader  than  the  head,  broadest  in 
the  middle  and  narrowing;  a  little  l>oth  in  front  an*l  behind,  tlu^  sides  slijfhtly 
and  rather  rejiularly  rounded,  front  and  hind  i)ord(?r  nearh-  strai<i;ht,  the 
surface  apparently  a  little  roughened  and  with  very  short,  m(»derately 
stout,  scattered  hairs,  or  perha))s  only  the  latter.  Elytra  toj^ether  nuicli 
broader  than  the  thorax,  with  well  rounded  humeral  anifles  an<l  with  ten 
louffitudinal  pun<'tate  stria-  (the  innermost  and  outermost  not  shown  in  the 
plate)  marked  by  short,  moderately  stout,  scattered  hairs,  about  half  as 
long  as  the  width  of  the  interspaces. 

Length  of  body,  3' ;   of  thorax,  (».«i ;    of  elytra,   2""";    breadth  of 

thorax,  (>.!•' ;  of  elytra,  1..'}'""'.     The  specimen  is  seen  from  altove  but  with 

a  partially  lateral  view;  if  it  were  wholly  dor.sal  the  width  of  the  elytra 
w  >uld  prttbably  be  l.T""'. 

Cireen  Kiver  beds,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  88  (Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard). 

IIELOIMIOIU'S  llligor. 

IIki.oI'IIOKIS    KI0K.SCEN8. 
1*1.  1,  Kij,'.  .W. 
A  single  elytron  with  a  broken  tip  repn'seuts  this  species,  which  does  not 
seem  to  agree  do.^^ely  with  any  modern  form,  having  less  heavily  ])unctate 


t'OLK()I'THItA-(!AKAUll)/E. 


617 


strijc  and  flatter  iiit(M'8|)ncoH  tlmn  imy  known  to  mo.  Tn  jfoneml,  in  color 
and  in  toxtun*,  (^xccptinfr  in  tlio  vory  intorniptfjdly  olovat.-d  and  jribbnus 
int('r«i»H(;('«,  wliicli  an;  tlu*  i-iiiof  (-liaracteriHtic  of  the  ob  -a  of  II.  tnlicrcu- 
latUH  Gyll.,  it  mij^Hil  ho  ('oni|)artjd  to  that  HjutcioH,  hut  it  a^riios  iu'ttor  in 
Hizo  witli  II.  scahor  LoC.  Tho  prominent  humoral  nugh  \h  not  properly 
shown  in  the  plato,  and  tho  breadth  is  made  to  appear  too  great  from  the 
Hpreading  of  tho  declivous  margin 

Length  of  fragment,  2.1""";  probable  lengtl.  of  elytron,  2.2h""";  breadth 
in  natural  position,  0.7""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen.  No.  14505 
(G.  J.  Ilinde). 

Family  DYTISCID^  MacLeay. 

LACCOPHILUS  Leach. 

Laccophilus  sp. 
PI.  5,  Figs.  116,  117. 

rMccopHha  Hj>.  Soudd.,  null.  II.  .S.  Oei)!.  (Joogr.  Hhtt.  Torr.,  H,  7H  (Wfl),  III,  7r)9  (1877). 

A  fragment  of  a  leg  found  I)y  Mr.  Denton  in  Fossil  Cafion,  White 
River,  Utah,  must  be  referred  to  this  genus.  It  represents  the  hind  femur 
and  tibia  of  a  species  allied  to  L,  maculosus  Germ ,  i)ut  is  so  uncharacter- 
istic a  fragment  that  it  is  not  worthy  of  further  mention. 


Family  CARABID^e  Leach. 
CHLiENIUS  Bonelli. 

ClILiENIUS    PIJNCTULATU8. 

I'l.  1,  Fig.  7. 
(Mwniui  iiuiiclulatiiH  Horn,  Trann.  Aiiier.  Kut.  .Soc,  V,  244  (1870). 

"One  elytron  of  the  size  and  very  similar  to  that  of  C.  laticollis,  from 
which  it  ditfers  in  having  the  stria?  more  finely  impressed  and  the  punctures 
ratlier  closer,  while  those  of  the  intervals  are  coarser  and  less  numerous. 
Length,  .40  inch;   10""". 

"There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  generic  determination  is  correct  in 
this  instance."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 


«\ 


£_jgi---T:^ — ;~i"--.--.':rrT:: 


;i'!   i 


\¥ 


518 


TKiniAKV  IN8KCT8  OF  NOItTII  AMKKICA. 


HcHiMcs  II  Hliort  liiniioral  Htria  tlioro  imi  nino  otlict-H,  finely  1>iit  Himrply 
iniprcsstMl,  with  tV«'(iii(>iit  piiiicturcH  iit  irri>};tiliir  ilistiinccK  iih  if  tlioy  wore 
only  II  piirt  of  those  which  cover  profusely  tlict  whole  siirfiice,  'I'Ik*  iiiter- 
Hpact's  are  O.'Wr)"""  hroail  in  the  inidille  of  the  elytra,  nearly  flat,  and 
besides  the  ahuudant  punctuation  lire  very  delicately  and  Hhurply  rii^uloHu, 
imicli  iiH  in  Oyniinilis  auri>ni  from  the  Hanie  hods. 

Bono  cavoH  of  I'ort  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

CYMINDIS  Latreillo. 

CyMINDIS    AI'HOKA. 

PI.  1,  Fijr.  0. 

Cy»iin<li«  aurora  Horn,  Trnim.  Aini<r,  Knt.  8«o.,  V,  'ii',\  (lh76). 

"  Klytra  Stria-  moderately  deep,  indistinctly  punctured,  intervals 
irrejfidarly,  biseriately  jjiinctulate,  and  very  finely  alutaceous.  Iien<fth, 
.30  inch;  7..'')"'"'. 

"The  <,'reater  portion  of  hoth  elytra   remain,  somewhat  distorted  '<v 
pn>ssure  and  n.'tainiii;^  much  of  the  chitinous  sultstance      A  species  is 
cated  closely  related  to  (J  ami-ricana,  hut  s(uu(nvliat  larj^er.     'I'lu*  pinu 
tion  of  the  intervals  and  the  arraiijftMiient  of  the  stria-  near  the  tip,  res(Mnl)lo 
HO  closely  those  of  Cymindis,  that  1  place  the  «i)ecies  in  that  gunuH."     Horn, 
loc.  cit. 

The  .stria',  althout^h  very  distinct,  are  really  shallow,  and  are  very 
iiulistinctly  and  somewhat  irre;jrularly  punctured;  the  intc-rspaces  are  (►.2.'')""" 
broiul  in  the  middle  of  the  elytra,  and  the  surface  is  very  rejjidarly  and 
most  delicatelv  and  sharplv  ru<;ulose  and  furnished  abiindantlv  with  irrej;- 
ularlv  st-attered,  somewhat  faint,  (-ircular  punctures,  whicli  can  scarcely  bo 
said  to  be  arraiii;ed  biseriately,  althou<,''h  tlu^y  are  more  fr»'(pient  aloiifj;'  lines 
which  are  s]i;,''htlv  nearer  the  stria-  than  tlu^  middle  of  the  iiiterspac-es,  and 
also  to  a  h'ss  ext(mt  alonj;  the  middle  line  of  the  interspaces.  The  lenj^tli 
of  the  (-hitiiioiis  portion  of  the  frajfinent  is  (J.5""".  'I'ho  breadth  of  the 
elytron  and  the  number  of  stria-  can  not  bo  determined. 

Bone  caves  of  INtrt  Kennedy,  I'enn.-^ylvania. 

I'LATYNIIS  Bonelli. 

The  several  species  of  IMatvnus  herci  rles(-ril)ed  from  the  inter«flacial 
clay  beds  beloujj  to  one  type,  si»mewhat  distantly  represented  to-day  by 


■■*"**''hHB 


coi.i:ui"n:uA— cauahid.h 


oli) 


I'.  croniHtriutUH  IiO('.  and  P.  i'ul)i'i|H'H  Zlmin.,  in  wliicli  tlio  Htriir  uro  coiii'hu 
anil  |)iiiictur(t(l,  tin*  Hiituitil  Htriii  inHi;rii;ticant.  or  ohHoloMcciit,  and  tliit  Hurt'aco 
t(fxtur(t  a  vfry  dolicato  transvcrHti  rilihin^''  nnwiion;  hrokun  up  into  a 
ruticulation. 

Pl-ATYNIJH   HKNEX. 

IM.  7,  FiK.  3H. 

rialymiH  Hinrjr  Hcmld,,  Dull.  ir.  H,  O.miI.  Oeonr.  Hiirv.  Torr.,  IV,  TW),  (1878.) 

TIiIh  Hpc'ciim  irt  roprestJiited  l»y  a  winfjflo  spcciinon  and  itH  reverse,  Tlie 
upper  Hurtaco  is  shown  with  none  of  the  wlenderer  appenihij^es.  'I'he  true 
torni  of  the  head  can  not  ho  determined,  as  the  edj^cs  are  not  preserved. 
Tiie  prothorax  is  unusually  s(piare  for  a  earahid,  resenddiii}^  o'dy  certain 
forms  of  Hemhidium  and  IMatymis,  and  especially  I',  variolatus  LeC.  It 
is,  however,  still  more  cpiadrate  than  in  that  species,  and  differs  fron>  it  in 
Hhape,  hein^  a  little  hroader  than  Ion;;-,  hroadest  just  hcthind  the  middle, 
taperin;>-  l)Ut  little  anteriorly,  and  scarcely  more  rapidly  at  the  extreme 
apex;  the  elytra  are  tti;,f('ther  only  about  half  as  hroad  a;>ain  at  base  as 
the  thorax,  and  are  furnished  with  ei^^ht  very  faint  and  feehle  stria-,  appar- 
ently unpuncturcd,  the  one  next  the  nuir;{'in  interrupted  by  four  or  livu 
fovea!  on  the  posterior  half  of  tiie  elytra;  the  humeral  re^^ion  is  too  poorly 
preserved  to  determine  the  stria-  at  that  point;  the  form  of  the  elytra  is  as 
in  P.  variolatus. 

Length  of  body,  <;.!"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  1..'')""";  of  base  of  elytra 
together,  2.3""";  length  of  elytra,  4.1""". 

Green  liiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  391)8  and  391(2. 

Platynus  casus. 
IM.  1,  Fig.  42. 

A  single  elytron  is  preserved  in  the  beds  which  have  yielded  so  many 
Platyni,  which  seems  to  be  better  comparable  with  P.  rubripes  Zinun.  than 
with  any  other  living  form,  but  better  still  witl.  the  fossil  forms  from  the  same 
beds,  with  which  it  agrees  also  better  in  size,  though  it  is  a  trifle  broader, 
with  a  considerably  more  rounded  humeral  angle,  a  more  rounded  outer 
n»argin,  and  the  first  stria  closely  approximated  to  the  suture.  Except  in 
these  particulars  it  agrees  best  with  P.  halli ;  but,  somewhat  as  in  P.  rub- 
ripes though  with  less  regularity  in  size  and  distribution,  the  interspaces 


520 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


l-i 


are  filled  with  i»re;rnlar  sliallow  punctures,  which  run  more  or  less  together 
so  as  to  t'orin  interrupted,  longitudinal,  adventitious  s(n-ies  between  the  stria-. 
The  intimate  .'exture  of  the  surface  is  much  as  in  V.  halli,  the  fifth  and 
sixth  sirije  meet  i't  a  distance  from  the  tip  and  the  sutural  stria  is  obsolescent 
and  brief. 

Length,  4  7""" ;  breadth,  1.6°"°. 

Ititorglacial  clay  beds,  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14523, 
(G.  J.  Ilinde). 

Platynus  hindei. 
PI.  1,  Fig  54. 

A  number  of  fragments  occur  of  a  species  which  seems  to  be  allied  to 
P.  rubripes  Zinun  ,  but  is  nuu^h  smaller  than  it  and  differs  from  it  consid- 
erably, 't'he  shajjc  of  the  elytron  is  much  the  same  as  there,  but  the 
humeral  angle  is  more  pronounced,  the  stria'  are  rather  coarser  and  perhaps 
a  little  more  heavily  punctate,  while  the  interspaces,  instead  of  being 
faintly  and  shallowly  punctate,  are  not  only  very  faintly  and  irregularly 
♦ransversely  corrugate,  but  the  fine  sharp  reticulation  of  the  living  species 
seen  under  str(»ng  magnifyinii-  power  is  entirely  absent  from  the  j)iceou8 
suri'ace  «if  the  fossil,  being  replaced  by  a  scarcely  perceptible  dull  trans- 
verse riltbing.  The  fifth  and  sixtli  stria'  are  also  united  (»nly  a  little  l)eyond 
th..'  middle  of  tlu-  outer  half  of  the  elytron,  and  the  sutural  stria  is  very 
short  indeed  and  generally  inconspicuous. 

Length,  4. ti.")""":  breadth.  1..^)"'"'. 

Clay  beds  of  interglacial  deposits,  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Nine  specmiens, 
Nos.  14.-)'2,  14.-)14,  14518,  ;i452H.  14.'..'{;),  14.544,  14.54r,,  14.5.54,  14.5(12 
r(i.  .1.  Ilinde). 

I  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  species  to  Dr.  (J.  .1.  Ilinde,  to 
whose  industry  and  zeal  we  are  indebted  for  the  interesting  series  of 
interglacial  Coleoptera  shown  on  Plate  1. 

Pl.ATYNl  S   HALLI. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  41. 

Another  species  of  Platynus,  allied  to  P.  crenisfriatus  licC,  is  still 
more  ncar'.v  related  to  P.  iiindei  just  descrilx-d,  and  is  of  the  same  size,  and 
therefore  considerably  sniiiller  than  the  living  sj)ecies,  to  which  it  bears  the 


COLEOPTERA— OARABIDil']. 


521 


nearest  resemblance.  Its  rel.itions  to  P.  hindei  are  very  much  the  same  as 
those  of  V  nibrijjes  to  P.  crenistriatus,  the  stria*,  being-  deeper  and  coarser 
than  in  P.  hindei  and  the  punctures  hirger  and  heavier.  Tliougli  the 
humoral  angle  is  scarcely  so  prominent  as  in  P.  hindei,  the  texture  of  the 
surface  is  scarcely  different,  unless  in  being  slightly  more  marked,  while  in 
P.  crenistriatus  there  is  no  reticulation  or  cross  ribbing  whatever.  The 
early  union  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  striie  again  marks  its  affinity  with  P. 
hindei,  and  the  sutural  striii  is  of  much  the  same  character,  though  slightly 
variable. 

Length,  4.6r)""";  brem'th,  1.5""". 

Clay  beds  of  interglacial  age,  Scarboro,  Onta'-io.  Three  specimens, 
Nos.  14520,  14524,  14525  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Named  in  honor  of  the  veteran  New  York  paleontologist.  Prof.  James 
Hall. 

PlATYNUS   DISSIPATU8. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  37. 

This  species,  which  is  of  the  same  size  as  P.  lialli  and  agrees  with  it  in 
its  general  features  and  in  the  miiuite  texture  of  the  surface,  is  separated 
froui  it  solely  on  account  of  the  grosser  sculpture  of  the  elytra,  since  the 
st.iie,  wliicli  are  equally  broad,  are  much  shallower — a  characteristic  which 
applies  as  well  to  the  piuictures — and  are  less  distinct  on  the  sides  than  op 
the  interior  half  Neitl  r  of  the  fragments  is  perfect,  though  one  has  all  but 
a  little  of  the  tip  and  pernnts  us  to  see  tluit  the  fifth  and  sixth  stria3  would 
unite  earh',  as  in  those  species,  did  they  iu)t  fade  out  altogether  before  unit- 
ing. There  is  at  least  one  puncture  in  the  tiiird  interspace  as  far  from  the 
base  as  the  width  of  the  elytron. 

Breadth  of  elytron,  1 .5"'"'. 

Interglacial  clay  beds  of  Scarboro,  OntJirio.  Two  specimens,  Nos. 
14515,  145(!a  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

PlATYNUS   DESITKTUS. 

in.  1,  Fipta.  43,  51,  58. 

Thih,  the  largest  of  the  species  from  the  clay  beds  of  the  Canadian 
border,  ii,  more  nearly  allied  to  P.  crenistriatus  LeC  than  to  any  other  liv- 


-'™--~««.i,i...,,,,™™i„. 


522 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ing  species,  agreeing  with  it  also  in  size,  wliicli  none  of  the  other  fossils  do ; 
but  in  other  particuhirs,  inchuling  the  intimate  texture  of  the  surface,  it 
agrees  better  with  its  contemporaries.  It  is  nearest  perhaps  to  P.  halli,  but 
tlie  strij«  and  punctures  are  a  little  less  pronounced,  the  insect  is  much 
larger,  and  the  fifth  and  sixth  striaj  meet  at  no  great  distance  from  the  tip 
of  the  elytron,  as  in  the  modern  species  mentioned.  There  appear  to  be 
three  punctures  in  the  third  interspace. 

Length  of  elytron,  5""";  breadth,  2"""'. 

Clay  l)eds  of  interglacial  times,  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Six  specimens, 
Nos.  14477,  14478,  14486,  14r)16,  14526,  14538  (G.  J.  Hinde). ' 

Platynus  hakttii. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  31. 

This  species,  represented  by  a  couple  of  specimens  oidy,  is  the  smallest 
of  those  found  in  the  interglacial  deposits,  and  in  its  peculiarities,  especially 
in  the  di.stant  union  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  stria',  is  most  nearly  allied  to 
the  largest.  Its  outer  margin  is  well  rounded,  scarcely  marginate,  the 
humeral  angle  tolerably  ))rominent  but  well  rounded ;  the  stria'  are  course 
and  deep,  with  rather  heavy  but  not  very  distinct  punctures,  scarcely  broad- 
ening the  stria',  while  the  piceous  surface  is  delicately  and  rather  faintly 
cross-ril)bed.  The  marginal  stria  is  obsolescent.  There  are  apparently  two 
or  three  intersn-^'ial  |)unctur('s.     It  is  very  small  for  a  Platynus. 

Length  of  elytron,  3.6""";  width  of  one,  1.3.')""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro.  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  14475, 
14480  ((}.  J.  Hinde). 

Named  in  memory  of  my  fellow-stuflent.  Prof  C.  F.  Ilartt.  formerly 
director  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Brazil. 

Platynus  c.*:8U8. 
i'\.  7,  Fig.  ;y. 

This  species  is  represented  !)y  a  couple  of  specimens,  one  showing  the 
closed  elytra,  the  other  tluf  whole  body  j>roper  and  tiie  fragment  of  a  leg. 
It  appears  to  be  a  triu;  Platynus.  The  head  is  ol)scure,  but  apparently 
longer  than  l)road,  with  medium-sized  circular  eyes.  The  pronotum  Is 
broad  suldyriform,  the  front  margin  scarcely  concave,  the  anterior  angles  a 


OOLEOPTBRA-CARABID.E. 


523 


little  more  than  rectanjriilar  and  well  defined,  the  sides  convex,  the  poste- 
rior angles  very  much  rounded  off,  the  hind  margin  otherwise  gently  con- 
vex ;  it  is  broadest  slightly  behind  the  middle,  strongly  margined  at  the 
sides,  followed  by  a  distinct  neck,  which  is  half  the  width  of  the  pronotum. 
The  elytra  are  oval,  strongly  margined,  the  humeral  angles  almost  as 
strongly  rounded  as  the  hinder  margin,  the  strise  coarse,  with  no  indication 
of  punctures. 

Length  of  body,  G™";  of  pronotum,  1.4""";  of  elytra,  3.25'""';  second 
specimen,  3.5""" ;  width  of  pronotum,  1  75"'™  ;  of  elytra,  2.2  (2.25)"™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  83,  85  CDr.  A.  S. 
Packard). 

DIPLOCHILA  BruUd. 

In  this  genus  I  place  provisionally  a  fine  but  headless  specimen  from 
Florissant,  rather  imperfectly  preserved  as  regards  the  elytra,  and  which  was 
accidentally  placed  with  the  Heteroptera  from  appearing  to  have  a  large 
scutellum,  due  to  the  impress  of  underlying  parts.  There  seems  to  be 
nothing  nearer  among  our  native  Coleoptera.  No  fossil  form  has  previously 
been  recognized  in  this  genus,  which  is  a  widely  distributed  one  in  various 
parts  of  the  globe. 

DiPLOCHILA   1    HENSHAWI. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  9. 

A  species  is  indicated  of  the  size  and  general  appearance  of  D.  major, 
but  it  differs  so  much  that  it  is  very  doubtful  if  it  belongs  to  the  genus. 
The  finding  of  fresh  material  will  probably  determine  this.  The  head  is 
picking.  Tiie  form  of  the  thorax  is  soni'nvhat  similar  so  far  as  can  be  told ; 
much  has  been  worked  out  from  tlie  stoTie  since  tlie  drawing  wa.;  made,  but 
the  front  part  is  imperfect  by  the  removal  of  an  angular  fragment  following 
an  angulate  suk-ation  not  unconnnon  in  Oarabida>,  but  here  excessively  deep ; 
the  thorax  narrows  more  rapidly  and  considerably  than  in  I),  major,  with 
angulate  rather  than  sinuate  sides,  so  that  the  tliorax  is  one-half  wider  at 
base  and  two-tliirds  wider  at  the  widest  than  at  apex.  The  ovate  form  of 
the  abdomen  with  the  closed  elytra  is  rather  more  like  that  of  Carabus  than 
of  Diplochila,  the  elytra  apparently  furnished  with  distant  slightly  impunctate 
striie.     The  legs  are  constructed  on  the  carabid  type;  tlie  middle  and  hind 


524 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


f(imorii  are  of  eqiuil  size,  tlie  liiiul  tibiiu  considerably  longer  than  the  femora, 
furnished  with  a  superior  sharp  carination ;  thoy  expand  slightly  at  the  tip, 
and  are  armed  with  a  ))air  of  long,  unequal  spurs ;  hind  tarsi  a  little  longer 
than  the  tibia',  the  lirst  two  joints  are  subequal,  very  long,  each  almost  as 
long  as  the  third  to  the  fifth  together;  these  subecpial,  the  last apically  sub- 
buUate  and  armed  with  a  pair  of  rather  short  claws.  Apparently  the  whole 
bodv  was  uniformlv  black. 

Length  of  fragment,  1 4""" ;  breadth  across  middle  of  thorax,  6.5™"' ; 
across  dosed  elytra,  9.2""";  lengtli  of  hind  tibia,  fi.4"'"' ;  tarsus,  7.1"'"';  first 
tarsal  joint,  2.7.')'""'. 

Named  for  my  excellent  friend,  the  well  known  American  entomologist, 
Mr.  Samuel  Henshaw,  of  Cambridge. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  8201. 

DICyELUS  HonelH. 


■J< 


DlCJEhVa    ALUTACEU8. 

PI.   1,  Figs.  8-10. 

Dic(Thi»  aUitaceiiK  Horn,  Truiig.  Ainer.  Eut.  Soc,  V,  244  (1876). 

"Two  elytra  much  flattened,  retaining  tlieir  proper  position  in  relation 
to  each  other,  remain,  with  but  little  of  their  actual  sub.stance  enough  how- 
ever to  indicate  the  surface  .sculpture. 

"  A  species  is  indicated  bearing  a  chise  relationship  to  dilatatus,  but 
with  the  intervals  .somewhat  more  convex  and  tlie  surfa«'e  more  distiiu',tly 
alutaceous.  The  humeral  carina  appears  to  have  l)een  extremely  tine  and 
rather  less  elevated  than  in  dilatatus. 

"  Elytra.— Length,  .70  inch,  17..")' Width,  .40  inch,  10"'"'. 

"  The  measurenu'nt  includes  also  the  portion  of  the  elytra  covered  by 
the  ba.se  of  the  tlu»rax.  With  proper  allowaiwe  being  made  for  flattening  a 
species  is  indicated  of  as  large  size  as  our  largest  purpuratus  but  relatively 
narrower."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

The  stria'  are  seven  in  number,  besides  the  humeral  stria,  and  are  O.fi.'i""" 
apart  in  tlie  middle  of  the  elytra.  The  length  of  the  largest  fragment  is 
17""":  the  breadth  of  one  elytron,  4. !»'""'. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 


COLEOPTEKA— CABABID.E. 


525 


DiCiELUS   sp. 

PI.  1,  Fig.  15. 

Dicmlut  sp.  Horn,  Trans,  Amrr.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  244  (1870). 

"  Another  species  of  much  smiiller  size  than  the  preceding  [D.  ahitaceus 
Horn]  is  indicated  by  an  inii)reHsion  of  the  greater  part  of  both  elytra  and 
a  very  small  fragment  of  one  elytron,  resembling  D.  elongatus.  The  carina 
appears  to  be  of  similar  length  and  the  intervals  moderately  convex,  equal 
and  smooth. 

"  No  measurements  can  be  given  as  I  have  not  sufficient  material  on 
which  to  base  them  and  I  must  also  leave  the  species  nameless."  Horn, 
loc  cit. 

1  have  seen  only  the  specimen  figured.  The  surface  sculpturing  is  the 
same  as  in  I),  ahitaceus,  but  the  species  being  smaller  the  stria;  are  of  course 
closer ;  but  in  addition  to  this  there  are  more  of  them,  as  there  are  nine  in 
all ;  their  average  distance  apart  in  the  middle  of  the  elytron  is  0.4""".  The 
width  of  the  two  elytra  together  is  7""". 

The  fragment  is  too  imperfect  to  require  a  name  at  present. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

PTEROSTICHUS  Bonelll. 

PXEROSTlCHrS    ABR0GATU8. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  39. 

A  fragment  of  an  elytron  indicates  a  species  closely  allied  to  P.  liercu- 
laneus  Mann  in  elytral  structure  and  of  probably  about  the  same  size. 
The  sutural  stria  is  similar;  there  are  the  same  broad  and  deep,  simple 
stria%  onl}'  they  are,  if  anything,  broader  and  deeper  in  the  fossil.  The 
interspaces  are,  however,  flatter  than  in  the  recent  species,  and  the  intimate 
texture  of  the  surface,  instead  of  showing  a  very  distinct  reticulation  of 
minute  imbricated  cells  with  sharply  defined  walls,  is  almost  entirely  smooth, 
the  faintest  sign  only  of  such  tracery  being  visible  with  strong  magnifica- 
tion. I'he  first  stria  is  also  at  an  unusual  distance  from  the  margin.  Tlie 
color  '!•;  piceous. 

Length  of  fragment,  h""" ;  width  of  same,  2""" ;    })resumed  length  of 
elytron,  7.5""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen.  No.  14.5fi0, 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 


VJ'  - 


526 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Pterostichus  dorhitans. 

PI.  1,  Figs.  40,  55. 

This  species,  represented  by  two  opposite  ends  of  elytra,  is  very  close 
indeed  in  size  and  general  character  to  P.  laetulus  LeC.  It  may  be  slightly 
smaller,  but  not  enough  to  be  worth  specifying.  The  color  is  different, 
being  testaceous  instead  of  a  dull  metallic  green.  There  are  the  same 
delicately  traced,  indistinctly,  distantly,  and  delicately  punctate  stria?;  a 
sutnral  stria  of  the  same  charac*?r,  and  similarly  flattened  interspaces.  The 
intimate  surface  structure  of  the  interspaces  is  similar,  l)ut  the  cells  of  the 
present  species  are  a  little  smaller  than  in  P.  laetulus,  with  coarser  and  less 
prominent  walls,  and  therefore  giving  a  much  less  delicate  reticulation. 
The  third  interspace  is  not  well  enough  preserved  to  tell  anything  about 
the  j)unctures. 

Length  of  largest  fragment,  4.5™"' ;  breadth  of  elytron,  2"'"'. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  14503, 
14508  (G.  J.  llinde). 

Pterostichus  destitutus. 


PI.  1,  Fig.  44. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  elytron  of  a  mahogany  color, 
whicii  seems  to  be  nearly  related  to  P.  sayi  Brulk'  anil  of  the  same  shape, 
though  a  considerably  smaller  species.  The  ciiaracfer  of  the  stria'  in  depth 
and  punctuation  is  quite  as  in  P.  sayi,  but  the  interspaces  are  flatter,  and 
the  delicate  transverse  reticulate  striation,  finely  traced  in  P.  sayi,  is  hero 
inconspicuous  and  (lull  and  more  irregular.  The  present  species  has  a 
similar  sutural  stria,  but  apparently  no  puncta  in  the  third  or  any  other 
interspace,  though  it  is  possible  that  one  exists  in  the  place  <»ccuj)ied  by  tlui 
])osteri(»r  one  in  P.  sayi.  ( )iu'  peculiarity  of  the  present  species  is  the  early 
union  <if  the  tifth  anil  sixth  stria%  well  in  advance  of  the  interruption  of  the 
marginal  curve. 

Length  of  elytron,  0""";  breadth,  2.5"""'. 

Interglacial  clay  beds  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No. 
14'-)22,  (G.  J.  Ilinde). 


m 


COLBOPTE'ilA-  CABABID.E. 


527 


Pterostichus  fractus. 
n.  1,  Figs.  29,  30. 

Closely  allied  to  P.  destitiitua,  with  the  same  early  union  of  the  fifth 
and  sixtli  stria?,  not  shown  in  the  fijyure,  but  still  smaller  and  with  less  dis- 
tinct atrial  punctuation,  this  being  indeed  very  inconspicuous.  A  single 
elytron  is  preserved,  with  the  extreme. apex  broken.  There  is  a  distinct 
punctum  in  the  third  interspace  opposite  the  union  of  the  fifth  and  sixth 
strise,  which  is  just  before  the  break.  The  interspaces  are  flattened,  as  in 
P.  destitutus,  and  the  intimate  structure  of  their  surface  is  exactly  as  there, 
except  in  showing  scarcel}''  any  sign  of  reticulation. 

Length  of  fragment,  4..5"'™;  breadth,  2""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontfirio.  One  specimen.  No.  14532 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 

Pterostichus  destructus. 

PI.  1,  Fig.  46. 

A  couple  of  elytra,  from  each  of  which  the  entire  apex  is  broken, 
closely  resemble  P.  patruelis  Dej  in  shape  and  sculpture,  but  represent  a 
species  a  little  larger  than  it.  The  sutural  stria  is  exactly  as  in  that  species, 
and  the  striie  are  finely  impressed  and  without  punctures ;  tlie  interspaces 
would  appear  to  be  flatter  than  in  P.  patruelis,  and  the  third  interspace  does 
not  api)ear  to  have  tlie  three  punctures  found  in  that  species,  but  only  the 
central  one.     Tlie  color  is  blackish  castaneous. 

Length  of  one  fragment,  -'$.5""';  probable  length  of  elytron,  4.7.5™"; 
width  of  same,  l..'y""'.      Length  of  another  fragment,  3.8""";  width,  1.45™"". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  14519, 
14549  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Pterostichus  oelidus. 


PI.  1,  Figs.  52,  59-61. 

Lnrandnis  gcHdiis  Scmld.,  Bull.  U.  S.  (!ool.  Geosr.  .Siirv.  Turr.,  Ill,  7G:?-7()4  (1877). 

Tlie  following  fragments  of  this  species  have  been  examined :  A  very 
nearly  perfect  elytron,  but  badly  cracked  and  pressed  apart ;  the  greater 
part  of  another;  parts  of  three  united  segments  of  the  al)domen  ;  the  pro- 
thorax  slightly  cracked  ;  and  a  portion  of  one  of  the  mandibles.     A  species 


528 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


/  sl- 


18  )iulieatL>(l  of  about  the  same  size  as  P.  hudsonicus  \joi\  and  closely 
reseiiil)liiij»'it.  The  elytra  are  ])iceoiis,  with  a  nietallic-hluo  reflection;  there 
are  nine  distinctly  and  rather  deeply  and  equally  impressed  stria-,  rather 
faintly  and  not  very  profusely  punctate ;  the  interspaces  ap|)ear  as  if 
minutely  cracked,  and  with  a  sinudation  of  excessively  faint  and  small  fovea' 
throu<>:liout,  while  the  third  has  a  more  distinct,  though  still  rather  shallow 
and  rather  lar^e  fovea  considerably  behind  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  uf 
the  elytra ;  a  scn-ond  fovea  appears  in  the  third  intersj)ace,  as  far  from  the 
apical  fovea  as  that  is  from  the  apex,  but  it  is  situated  laterally,  encroachinpf 
on  the  stria  next  its  inner  side.  It  is  perhaps  due  only  to  an  excess  of  the 
siniidafinff  fovea-  that  there  is  ai)parently  a  row  of  approximated  punctures, 
(piite  like  those  of  the  nei'Ji'hborin},''  stria',  for  a  very  short  distance  between 
the  base  of  the  sixth  and  seventh  stria-.  'I'he  first  stria  turns  outward  next  the 
biise,  to  make  room  for  a  scutellar  stria.  'I'he  obli(piely  cut  mar'  inal 
fovea-  aj^ree  with  tiiose  of  P.  nudsonicus.  'I'he  prothorax  is  (piadn-.e,  the 
front  mar<rin  very  slijj;htly  anj^led,  the  sides  broadly  rounded,  fulIe^.t  ante- 
riorly, with  an  ex(-eedin<;ly  slij^ht  median  sulcus  (indic-ated  by  a  slender 
crack),  an<l  more  distinct  posterior  subhiteral  sulci  (indicated  by  wider 
cracks),  and  between  which  the  hind  border  is  scarcely  convex.  The  sur- 
face of  the  prothorax  is  smooth  ;  the  abdonu'U  is  also  smooth.  The  part  of 
the  mandible  remaininjj  is  only  the  basal  "  molar"  portion,  armed  with  six 
or  seven  mannnilate  conical  teeth,  or  rather  transverse  ridj^es. 

Lenjiftliof  elytron,  5.75""";  breadth,  •->"'"';  length  of  prothorax,  2.25"'"'; 
breadth,  3.5"'"' :  breadth  of  abdomen,  2.-_'5'""'. 

The  species  diflers  from  I*,  htidsonicus  in  the  shaj)e  of  the  prothorax 
(if  that  belongs  here),  i)roader  stria-,  and  less  convex  elytra. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarbont  Heights,  near  Toronto,  Canada.  Sev- 
eral specimens,  among  others  Nos.  145'_M,  1641H  (G.  .1.  Ilinde). 

PtKKoSTICIU'S    L.KVlGATrs. 
I'l.  1,  I-'iRs. ;},  4. 

I'lrronliihiiii  InriiiiitiiH  Hiirn,  iiinl. 

/'/(•n)Wir/iH«  M|>.  Iliirti,  'rr;iii.s.  AiiH'r.  Kill.  Sim'.,  V,  'iVA  (1^71!). 

"  FVagMicnts  of  two  elytra.  Klytra  striate,  stria-  inii)Mii('tured,  inter- 
vals moderately  convex,  smooth. 

"A  species  api)arentl\'  of  the  size  of  coracinus  or  stygicus  is  indicated, 


i    i 


COLEOPTERA-OAUAUID.K. 


529 


but  without  more  material  it  seems  unnecessary  to  name  it,  or  guess  as  to 
its  affinities."     Horn,  loo.  cit. 

Besides  the  two  elytra  referred  to  al)ovo  Dr.  Horn  has  sent  me 
attached  to  the  same  card  anotlun-  elytron,  hetter  preserved,  but  with  tlie 
apex  lacking;  the  chitinous  portions  of  tlu-  othc  fragments  perfectly 
resemble  this,  and  tiiere  can  sc^arcely  be  any  doubt  tluit  thoy  l)elong  together. 
This  now  fragment  is  of  a  piceous  color.  There  are  nine  striii-,  counting 
the  one  next  the  outer  edge;  the  interspaces  are  <»..')"""  broad,  moderately- 
convex,  smooth,  l)ut  with  transverse  impressed  lines  at  very  irregular  and 
rather  infrecpient  intervals,  which  can  hardly  be  due  altogether  to  preser- 
vation, as  they  seldom  or  never  cross  continuously  two  contiguous  ijiter- 
spaces ;  the  strijc  are  deep,  faintly  margined  at  the  bottom,  but  in  none  .f 
them,  nor  in  any  of  those  in  the  specimens  described  by  Dr.  Horn,  can  I 
discover  the  slightest  sign  of  punctures. 

Length  of  this  elytron  (fragmentary),  G.S'""' ;  breadth  of  same  (com- 
plete), 'i..')"'"' ;  width  of  the  two  contiguous  elytra,  5..5""". 

With  this  additional  knowledge  it  seems  worth  while  to  restore  the 
name  Dr.  Morn  once  thought  of  employing. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 


PTEROSTICIIUS?    sp. 

PI.  1,  Fig.  r,. 

PlerostichuH  r  sp.  Horn,  Trans.  Aiiicr.  Ent.  Sov.,  V,  l>.»:t  (1876). 

"The  greater  portion  of  two  elytra  with  the  basal  and  apical  ends 
wanting,  indicate  a  form  of  larger  size  than  an\-  of  our  eastern  species  of 
Pterostichus.  The  elytral  substance  is  in  extremely  bad  state,  being 
wrinkled  and  cracked  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render  a  description  ot  its  sur- 
face impossible.     It  may  be  a  Lophoglossus."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

There  are  eight  strii^  besides  that  at  the  outer  edge ;  the  interspaces 
are  ().42""''  in  width,  more  flattened  than  in  P.  hevigatus,  broken  into  innu- 
merable fragments,  like  sun-dried  nfud,  resulting  in  a  dead-black  color,  but 
with  no  indications  that  the  surface  was  otherwise  than  quite  smooth.  The 
length  of  one  of  the  elytra  (the  base  broken)  is  10"""  ;  its  width  (complete) 
3.2.')""" 

Bono  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

VOL.  XIII u4 


530 


TERTIAKY  INSKvJTS  OF  NOKTIi  A.MKUICA. 


PATROBUa  Mt'Keilo. 

PaTRIHU'S   (IKLATUS. 
n.  I,  Fip.  4S. 

Of  tills  HpecioH  tlio  only  romniriH  tuv  a  Hiu<f|e  protlionicic  .shiold  per- 
fectly  preserved.  It  ix  pioeoiiH,  posteriorly  triinnito,  its  angles  rectangulur 
.  and  as  broad  as  the  length  :  in  advance  of  the  hinder  fourth  expanding  to 
nearly  one-fourth  greater  width  in  the  middle  of  the  anterior  half,  and  then 
again  narrowing  to  the  declivous  tVonl  angles;  the  disk  convex  with  a  uni- 
forndy  and  rather  dt>eply  incised  median  line,  each  lateral  half  thus  divided 
marked  posteriorly  l»y  an  al)rupt  flat  and  punctate  depression,  with  well 
marked  rounded  ttutline,  distinctly  separated  from  the  median  incision  on 
one  side  or  the  very  narrow,  marginate,  lateral  border  on  the  other,  aiul 
separated  from  the  latter  als(»  by  a  loiigitiulinal  furrow  not  figured  in  the 
plate;  otherwise  the  surface  is  sniooth.  It  is  undoubtedly  related  very 
closely  to  P.  septentrionis  Dej.,  ditl'ering  principally  in  the  sharp  and  sud- 
den depression  of  the  fossje  in  the  hind  angles  and  their  separation  from 
the  lateral  border  by  a  distinct  incised  longitudinal  furrow. 

Length  of  prothorax,  2.1""";  greatest  l»readth,  2.75""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14.')H6 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 

liKMlUDH'M   Latreille. 

HeMIUIHUM    EXOI-KTt'M. 

I'l.  5,  Figs.  121,  lau. 
Itembidium  rrokliim  SrmM.,  Hull.  ['.  S.  (Icoj.  (icour,  Siir\ .   TiTr.,  11,  77-7''  (I87f)). 

A  single,  rather  well  preserved  specimen,  exhil)itiiig  the  upper  surface 
and  impressions  of  parts  of  the  legs.  It  is  of  about  the  size  (»f  H.  in.T(piale 
(Say).  The  head  is  too  poorly  pre.served  to  present  any  characters;  tluf 
pronotum  is  of  equal  width  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  its  sides  regularly 
and  considerably  convex,  the  posterii)r  angles  well  defined,  the  liind  margin 
slightly  convex ;  its  surface  appears  to  be  very  iainf  ly  punctulate,  at  least 
posteriorlv,  and  there  is  a  slightly  inij)resse(l  median  line.  The  elytra  are 
shaped  as  in  H.  ina-quale,  and  are  provided  with  seven  or  eight  very  deli- 
catelv  inipres.sed  Idiigitiidinal  striic,  made  up  apparent      of  a  series  of  ad- 


f 


m 


COIii:oi»TKUA    OAUABID.K. 


581 


jacent  punctures;  tlie  sutuml  o(l<?e  i«  doliciitoly  inttrjtrinato.  Tlio  frajy- 
uientH  of  logH  kHow  Himply  that  tlioy  aro  of  the  form  UHual  in  Bemhidium. 

Length  of  insect,  4.75""";  of  pronotiini,  O.KK"'"' ;   width  of  same  in  the 

niiddlo,  1.2""";  of  saine  at  the  po.st(Tior  horder,   1 ;  «.f  the  body  at  the 

humoral  p(»rtion  of  the  elytra,  \.i\' ;  of  same  at  the  middle  of  the  elytra, 

'i.oe'"™;  length  of  the  elytra,  i.H ;    cf  fore   feniora,   O.'.KI""";  l)readth  of 

Hanie,  0.24""";  length  of  hind  fenu)ra  (f)  0.i>2""";  breadth  of  same,  (),3(i""»; 
distance  apart  of  the  elytral  8tria%  0,11""°. 

White  River,  near  the  Colorado-Utah  boundary.  One  specimen,  No. 
;')4  (W.  Denton). 

BkMHIDIITM   G1.A(  iatum. 
ri.  1,  Fig.  40, 

A  couple  of  elytra  represent  this  species,  which  seems  to  be  nearly 
allied  to  the  scarcely  smaller  11  longulinn  LeC.  The  humeral  angle  is  not 
quite  80  prominent,  and  the  striiu  and  punctures  are  niore  heavily  marked. 
The  stria'  are  indeccl  rather  deeply  impressed  and  equally  ho  over  the  whole 
width  of  the  elytron,  but  all  become  less  pronounced  and  even  obsolescent 
apically ;  the  same  is  true  of  the  punctures  which  on  the  basal  half  of  the 
elytra  are  very  heavy,  making  transverse  ci-eases  in  the  neighboring  inter- 
spaces, s(»  that  they  are  rather  transverse  than  longitudinal  or  even  circular. 
The  sutural  stria  is  as  in  H.  longulum,  and  the  texture  of  the  surface  of  the 
interspaces,  instead  of  being  as  in  the  modern  species  almost  structureless, 
is  marked  with  a  fine  but  decided  cross-ribbing,  verging  upon  reticixlation. 
The  color  is  a  rich  carbonaceous  with  a  purplish  tinge. 

Length  of  elytron,  3.2""";  width,  1.35""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarl)()ro,  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  NoM.  14536, 
14541  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

liEMBinUTM    FRACMKNTUM. 

IM.  1,  Fig.  t5. 

Another  species  of  liembidium  from  the  glacial  clays  is  represented  by 
a  single  elytron  with  the  tip  broken  off,  differing  from  the  preceding  by  its 
nuu!h  less  heavy  markings  and  agreeing  better  among  modern  types  with 
H.  constrictinn  Say,  which  is  of  about  the  same  size.  The  elytron  is  black, 
with  a  remarkal)ly  little  di^volopod  humeral  angle  (though  this  is  exagger- 


I 


682 


TKHTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


i| 


If  i 


it  ; 


atcd  in  the  pinto  liy  an  uiifortuimti'  twist  in  tlio  Hpocinion)  uikI  with  Mv'uv 
ulnioHt  wholly  inji(K'  u|)  of  tolt'rahly  hciivy  circnlur  pnncturt'«,  which  t'ado 
out  on  the  apical  half  of  the  elytron  and  aro  ohsoleHcent  on  thu  Hidu8.  It 
iH  abont  an  heavily  niarkol  as  M  constrictinn. 

Lcnjfth  of  frajfujent,  3.(i""";  pnthaldc  length  of  elytron,  4""";  itri 
breadth.  1  4r)""». 

Inter;;lacial  clays  of  Scurboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14501) 
(G  J.  Uinde). 

NKHIMA  Latreillo. 

Ni:ilKIA    I'AI.KOMKLAS. 

ri.  2,  Fiji.  -'<». 
ffrhria  paltomrhin  SeaiU.,  Ri<p.  Prngr.  Omil,  Siirv.  Ciiii.,  H77-187fl,  I7;ll«  (IH7UV 

A  nearly  perfect  elytron  with  the  humeral  auj^le  brokiMi  off  repronentH 
a  carabid,  probal)ly  related  to  Nebria.  A  specie.s  is  intlicated  which  is  of 
aliout  the  size  of  N  salillx-rixi  Kis'di.  The  elytron  is  about  tw(»  and  a  half 
times  lonjrer  than  l»roail ;  the  siuface  is  nearly  smooth,  piceoua,  with  nine 
stria',  which  are  rather  deeply  impressed,  mid  a  scutellar  stria,  which  unites 
with  the  first  lon<.Mtiulinal  stria  at  aliniit  one-sixth  the  distance*  from  the 
base,  in  sncn  a  way  as  to  make  it  appe.ir  eipiajly  forked  in  passing;'  toward 
the  b;ise,  its  outer  tork  strikinj"'  close  to  the  base  of  the  second  lonj^itudinal 
stria;  the  fifth  and  sixth  stria'  are  united  to  t  !  h  other  and  to  tiie  united 
third  and  fourth  stria-,  near  the  a|»ex,  by  a  wavy  continuation  of  the  sixth, 
after  it  has  bent  toward  the  fifth  in  runnin;;'  ])arallel  to  the  seventh,  as  it 
curves  toward  and  runs  to  the  tip  of  the  elvtroii;  the  ninth  stria,  which 
forms  the  edije  of  the  elytron  as  it  is  preserved,  shows  no  a|)pearance  what- 
ever of  ocellate  puiu'tures,  althouifh  under  the  microscope  some  of  the 
central  stri.e  show  slijrht  sig-ns  of  faintly  indicated  punctiu'es  near  the 
middle  of  the  elytron. 

Len<j:th  of  elytron,  .5.2""":  breadth.  1.8""". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Oolumliia.  (Jne  specimen, 
No.  58  (Dr.  G.  M.  iMwsou,  Caiuidian  Geolojjical  Survey). 


COLKOPTKUA-CAKABID.E. 


538 


LOKirKK'A   Latioillo. 

LORICRUA    OLACIALIH. 

PI.  1,  KitfH.  50,  57. 

Lorlcnn  glaciaUi  .-(cinlil.,  Bull.  ir.  S.  (IdoI.  aoojjr.  Siirv.  Turr.,  Ill,  703  (1H77). 

Of  thiH  HpocioH  a  pair  of  olytru  urn  prosorvod  nearly  (-omploto,  but 
crackod  ami  flattciuMl  soinowhnt  out  of  HJiiipc.  Ir  in  iillietl  to  L.  cteru- 
loscciis  F,.,  l)uf,  (litVcrs  from  it  iiml  fn»m  nil  other  American  HpecioHof  Loricnra 
ill  tlu!  mucli  ^rreater  depth  of  the  Mtria>  mid  in  the  presence  of  distinct 
suhmarfrinul  fovea-.  The  elytra  are  of  a  >ilisteiiinji'.  somewhat  blue-black 
color.  The  «triie  are  Htronjjly  impressed,  faintly  tlioiij-h  rather  coarsely 
and  profusely  pnnctidate,  the  third  interspace  with  three  small,  distinctly 
but  not  deeply  impressed  fovea',  arranj;ed  as  in  \,.  ea'rnlescens,  two  near 
each  other  just  above  the  middle  of  the  elytra,  iind  <me  behind  the  middle 
of  the  apical  half;  fifth  interspace  sometimi-  turiiished  with  a  pair  of  very 
faint  f(tvea'  near  the  middht  of  tlu!  elytra,  mmh  as  in  I  .  decempunctata 
Esch  ,  about  as  far  from  each  other  as  from  the  sutin-al  border;  and  finally 
the  ninth  interspace,  different  frou)  all  the  species  of  Loricera  I  have  been 
able  to  examine,  has  ei},Hit  or  more  small  but  distinct  and  deep  fovejB, 
mostly  situated  in  the  apical  half  of  the  .ilytra,  smnetimes  connec^ted  by 
oblique  ridges  with  the  next  stria  within.  The  interspaces  are  cvos.sed 
by  very  fine  wrinkles,  scarcely  visible  with  a  simple  lens.  Seen  on  the 
under  surface  each  of  the  punctures  of  the  striit  are  surrounded  by  a  circle 
reaching  to  the  circles  around  the  adjoining  punctures,  reminding  one  some- 
what of  the  up[>er  surface  of  Elaphrus.  The  elytra  are  shaped  as  in  L. 
decempunctata,  particularly  at  the  apex. 

Length  of  elytron,  4.4'""';  breadtii,  1.6""", 

Interglacial  clays,  Scarboro  Heights,  near  Toronto,  Caruida.  Two 
specimens,  Nos.  16416,  1G417  (G.  J.  Ilinde). 

Loricera  ?  lutosa. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  32. 

A  single  elytron  in  a  perfect  .state  of  preservation.  It  is  almost  two 
and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  scarcely  broader  in  the  middle  than  at 
the  base,  the  humeral  angle  roundly  angulated.  There  are  ten  series  of 
very  coarsely  punctured  strife,  the  four  inner  running  almost  to  the  apical 


I 


534 


TKKTIAUV  FNSKCTS  OF  NOHTH  AMHKIdA. 


]■ 


n  !' 


niarfflii,  tlu'  otliors,  li(»\vov('r.  ciirviii';  inward  tti  al)uf  against  them,  the 
(tuti'i'iiiost  meeting  the  innermost  at  the  apex:  the  elevated  narrow  inter- 
sj)aces  smooth  and  shining :   the  wlioh'  piceous. 

This  can  liardly  he  referred  to  l^oricera,  Itiit  I  ean  Hnd  no  other  genus 
with  which  it  hetter  agrees.  I  am  inehned  to  the  l)chet'  that  it  will  h;' 
found  to  belong  to  an  extinct  type  of  Loricerini  There  seems  to  he,  as 
there,  a  faint  internal  plica,  hut  the  specimen  is  broken  only  at  just  this 
]»oint. 

I.engtli  of  elytron,  3.3""":  l)readth,  1.4"'"'. 

Clay  beds  of  Scarboro,  Ontario,  Canada.  One  specimen,  No.  14509 
(G.  J.  Hinde.) 

KLAI'HHl^S    Kabricius. 


f? 


fl 


i  »i 


ElAIMIKI'S    IRl{K(il'l,ARIS. 

ri.  1,  Via.  ."■)<;. 

An  elytron  oidy  is  |)re.served,  whicii  1)\  its  surface  sculj)ture  appears  to 
resemble  E.  viridis,  of  California  (whi<'li  1  liavi'  not  seen),  more  than  any 
other,  though  in  size  it  agrees  better  with  E.  rij)ariiis  i>  .d  E.  ruscarius,  the 
nearest  allied  of  the  species  I  have  examined,  'i'he  elytron  is  distinctly 
slenderer  tlian  in  these  latter  species,  with  the  middle  scarcely,  if  at  all,  wider 
than  the  base,  but  with  entirely  similar  apex.  Surface  uniformly  |>unctured, 
the  pn"ctures  coarser  than  in  E.  riparius,  with  ill-defined  obscure  fove;e,  the 
basal  one  of  the  .second  series  from  the  suture  being  the  <>ii]\'  one  as  distinct 
as  in  E.  riparius :  spaces  between  the  fovea'  vemarkal)ly  (?hnat(Ml,  forming 
longitudinal,  more  or  less  torfiuuis  ridges  which  are  highest  (and  rarely 
poli.shed)  in  longitudinal  dashes  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  fovea-  .md  in 
the  same  lines  with  them,  i.  e.,  bet  .veen  fovea-  of  the  same  htngitudinal  series 
Jind  not  in  the  interspaces  between  the  .series.  It  is  in  these  elevated  spaces 
that  its  relationship  to  E.  viridis  especially  appears,  and  tiieir  irregularity, 
through  their  nK»re  or  less  tortuous  connecting,  less  elevated  ridges,  which 
has  suggested  the  name.  C(»lor  dull  picemis.  with  faint  dark  metallic  gre<»n 
reflection,  which  is  ipiite  distinct  on  tlie  inflected  margin. 

Length  of  elytron,  4."»'"'" :  breadth,  1..')""". 

Clay  beds  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  speeiineu,  No.  14527  (G.  J.  llir.de). 


!•! 


COLEOPTERA— OARABIDJi. 


535 


NEOTITANES  gen.  nov.  (v,'oi,  9^-tjaKco). 

Allied  to  Carabus,  an<'  Vtclonging'  to  tlie  same  tribe,  Garabini.  It  differs 
from  it  ill  some  marked  ioatures  of  the  head,  but  agrees  better  with  it  than 
with  the  Cyclirini,  in  which  it  was  formerly  placed.  The  head  is  unusually 
broad  and  short,  the  width  between  the  base  of  the  not  very  prominent 
round  eyes  being  nearly  tivice  as  great  as  the  length  from  t'.r^  center  of  the 
eyes  to  the  margin  of  the  labrum,  while  the  burial  of  th-  ix  '  1  in  the  pro- 
thorax  up  to  the  base  of  the  eyes  renders  the  brevity  n  <re  ivpiarent;  the 
labrum  is  entire,  its  bas  just  in  front  of  the  insertion  of  the  auicinnfe  ;  man- 
dibles shorter  and  stouter  than  in  Carabus  and  Calosoma,  arcuate,  untoothed; 
tip  of  maxillic  just  as  stout  as  (though  probably  thinneu  t'^an)  the  apex  of 
the  mandibles.  The  head  does  not  appear  to  be  constricted  beliind  the  eyes, 
though  Ijut  little  of  that  portion  can  b';  seen  in  the  single  specimen  which 
preserves  this  part.  Prothorax  and  elytra  as  in  Carabus,  excepting  that  the 
latter  iiave  no  foveas  whatever,  and  the  very  numerous  stria?,  are  straight 
and  tne  interspaces  smooth  and  unbroken. 

Nkotiianes  testeus. 

PI.  7,  Fiss.  32,  39. 

Cyehriis  teHteuf  Scmld.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gcol.  Googr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  758-759  (1878). 

This  species  was  first  described  from  the  less  perfect  and  more  obscure 
specimen  of  the  two  now  before  me.  The  becter  presorvition  of  the  second, 
with  its  thorax  and  other  parts^,  shows  that  the  s|)ccies  should  be  placed  in 
the  Carabini  rather  than  in  the  Cychrini.  The  stout  and  untoothed  mandi- 
Ijles  leave  I'o  d'ubt  on  this  point. 

The  pronobtim  is  broadest  somewhat  in  advance  of  the  middle  and  tapers 
wl4b  about  equal  rapidity  toward  the  front  and  toward  the  base,  so  that  the 
ba.He  ist  wwiewhat  narrower  than  the  front,  the  external  angles  well  rounded  ; 
the  front  margin  is  nearlv,  the  hind  margin  quite,  straight,  the  foniier 
scarcely  angula.t«^  in  the  middle,  the  lateral  angles  slightly  produced  ante- 
riorly; ^K'.ro  is  a  faint  median  carina,  more  pronounced  in  the  middle,  but 
otherwi.se  the  th(rt-ax  ap])ears  to  be  tolorabl}'  smooth,  though  laterally  the 
head  is  longitinliiially  subrugulose.  The  elytra  have  the  humeral  angle 
well  rounded  off  anrl  tiie  ti})  angulate;  the  striai  are  close  and  crowded  to 
the  number  of  about   t»renty-tive  on  each  elytron,  sharp  and  clean,  but 


536 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OV  NORTH   AMERICA. 


rather  shallow,  and  with  scarcely  the  slightest  sign  of  any  uncertainty  of 
direction  or  waviness  of  course  such  as  is  common  in  theCarabini;  nor  do 
they  combine  and  divide,  but  are  equidistant  and  ])arallel  thronf;hout,  the 
interspaces  smooth  and  not  imbricated. 

Length  of  body  to  tip  of  mandibles,  1 1"'"' ;  length  of  head  from  posterior 
edge  of  eyes  to  front  of  clypeus,  1.25'""';  of  prothorax,  2.1.5'""';  r.i'  elytra, 
7™"";  width  of  head  between  the  eyes,  l.T""';  of  prothorax  in  front,  2.75'"'"; 
at  wid(\st,  ;$.5"'"' ;  at  base,  2.5'""' ;  of  elytra,  4.8'""'. 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  24  (L.  A.  Leo),  4069 
and  4100  (S.  IL  Scudder). 

CYCHRUS  Fabricius. 

CvCHRrs    WHKATLEYI. 

I'l.  1,  Fie.  1. 

Cychriii  tcheatlri/i  IIor?i.   Tniiis.  Aiuer.  Kiit.  Soo.,  V,  'i\'i  (1876). 

"  Of  this  species  I  have  before  me  :>  flattened  thorax,  all  the  actual  sub- 
stance of  the  upi)er  surface  being  preseiit  in  moderately  good  ])reservation, 
and  the  large  portion  of  a.  left,  elytron  <»f  which  but  a  small  portion  of  the 
substance  remains. 

"The  thorax  although  flattened  bears  evidence  of  having  the  disk 
moderately  convex,  the  median  line  distinct,  the  transver.se  basal  impression 
rather  deep  and  the  lateral  uiargiiis  l)i(»ad.  wider  at  base  and  retlexetl.  The 
hind  angles  are  obtuse  and  not  jn-olonged.  the  l)a.se  being  moderately  emar- 
ginate.  The  sides  are  moderately  arcuate  and  gradually  narrowed  toward 
the  base,  the  widest  jjortion  of  the  thorax  l>eing  slightly  in  front  of  the  mid- 
dle. A  species  is  thus  indicated  re.sembling  viduns  but  smaller,  not  exceed- 
ing in  size  the  average  sj)e('iinens  of  andrewsii. 

"  The  elytra  are  tinely  striat«-,  the  intervals  moderately  c(»nvex  and 
apparently  smooth,  the  stria-  with  moderate  punctures  not  as  closely  placed 
as  in  any  species  on  this  side  of  the  rontinent.  The  stri.c  iire  as  numerous 
as  in  viduus  or  andrewsii. 

"Thorax.— Width,  .24  inch,  .G' :    leiigtii,  .16  inch  :  4""". 

"  Elytra  (restored).— Width,  .4S  inch:  12"""'.    Length,  .6<j  incli;  16.5""", 

Hone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  I'c^nnsylvania. 

"1  think  there  is  very  little  doubt  oi  tlic  diHtinctne»H  of  this  species 


1 


COLI<X)'^TEI{A— CARABIDiE. 


587 


from  iiny  at  ))r(3sent  existing,  but  it  may  be  inferred  that  it  is  the  species  to 
wliich  our  viduus  must  look  for  its  ancestry. 

"  1  liavft  nainerl  tlie  si)ei'i«\s  in  lionor  of  Mr.  Charles  >[.  Wheatley,  of 
PhdHi.willc,  to  whom  \\i'  arc  indebted  for  the  e.\j)h)ration  of  tlie  locality  in 
wliicli  the  Fossil  insects  were  discovered."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

Includini!^-  the  stri;u  next  the  margins  of  the  elytra  there  appear  to  be 
fourteen  in  all ;  the  two  outer  ones  are  obscure  and  those  upon  the  disk  are 
Ht  an  average  distance  apart  of  0.37")""" ;  the  stria;  appear  to  be  faintly  punct- 
ured and  the  punctures  as  distant  as  the  stria- ;  the  intervals  between  the 
striic  arc  broken  by  ii'regular  impressed  lines  producing  a  tuberculate  ap- 
pearance but  otherwise  smooth.  The  disk  of  the  prothorax  is  considerably 
more  <piadrate  and  proportionally  broader  than  in  the  species  of  (Jychrus 
with  which  Dr.  Horn  compares  it.  Indeed,  I  was  at  first  inclined  to  believe 
that  the  lateral  lamellate  rim  was  narrow  and  e(pud  tln-oughout,  and  there- 
fore to  place  tlie  insect  in  Calosoma  (in  the  neighborhood  of  the  species 
sometimes  referred  to  Callistheiies) ;  but  ;i  renewed  study  in  company  with 
Dr.  Horn  shows  that  this  is  a  mistake,  and  that  the  rim  broadens  greatly 
behind,  leiiving  a  somewliat  sliidd-shnped  disk  as  in  Cychrus  viduus. 

l.eiigtli  of  thorax,  ,'{.r.'""' ;  breadth  of  same,  6"™;  breadth  of  elytron, 
gmm.   i(>„„.ti,  ,,f  fragment  preserved,  12.75"™. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kenned)-,  Pennsylvania. 

(Jychrus  minok. 
V].  1,  Fig.  -2. 

Cilthnin  (minor  I  Horn,  Tram*.  AmtT.  Eiit.  .Soc,  V,  243  (1870). 

"  Two  tragmentai\-  elvtra  of  ^mailer  size  than  the  preceding  [C 
wheatlevj]  aftord  tlie  only  groundwork  for  the  name  above  suggested. 
The  stria  are  line  and  witii  fine  punctures,  the  intervals  feebly  convex, 
evidemth-  slightly  rugulose,  and  probably,  also  sparsely  punctulate  An 
impressiiMi  wf  the  scutelhun  renuuiis  which  is  broadly  triangular,  and  not 
difierfiif  in  fonmi  fmni  tliat  of  audrewsii. 

"Khtra   (restored).     I.ength.  M  inch;   i;3.,V""'.     Width  (actual),  .15 

"Tlio  tnrm  is  therefore  almost  exacth-  that  of  andrewsii."     Horn,  loc. 


cit. 


There  is  a  sliglit  bluisli  c;ist  to  th"  black  chitinous  parts  of  tiie  elytra 


538 


TKRTIAKY  1NSE(^TS  OF  NORTH  AAfERlOA. 


I  iiave  examined ;  the  punctures  of  the  stria*  are  about  as  far  apart  as  two- 
thirds  the  vvidtli  of  tlie  interspaces ;  tlie  latter  are  0.25""'  wide  and  are  barely 
convex,  slightly  rugulose,  and  so  far  as  I  can  determine  not  at  all  punctulate ; 
the  length  of  the  fragment  of  one  elytron  is  10.5""",  the  width  of  the  same 
elytron,  4.25""". 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 


J. 


i|i 


I     I' 


•^* 


DIPTERi^    Linnet. 

Baron  R.  von  Osten  Sacken  and  Mr.  Edward  Burgess  have  given  me 
much  assistance  in  perplexing  points  while  studying  the  Diptera  here 
recorded. 

DIFTERA    CYOLORHi^PHA   Brauer, 

Family  LONCH^CID^C  Loew. 

LONCH^A  Falh'n. 

LONCH^EA    SKNESCENS. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  18. 
Lonchm  leneseetii  Scudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Gcol.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  277-278  (1877). 

A  portion  of  the  body  (excluding  the  head)  too  fragmentary  to  be  of 
any  v.alue  and  a  pair  of  expanded  wings  faintly  impressed  on  the  stone  com- 
pose the  remains  of  the  single  individual  of  this  species.  The  wings  are 
rather  slender,  obovate  and  well  rounded,  with  the  neuration  of  Lonchsea 
vaginalis  Fall.,  us  given  by  Westwood  in  Walker's  "  Diptera  Britannica," 
excepting  that  the  basal  cells  do  not  appear  to  be  quite  so  large  in  the  fossil 
specios,  and  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  slightly  more  arched  beyond 
the  larger  transverse  vein ;  the  costal  vein  is  bristly ;  the  wing  appeal's  to 
be  hy<aline,  but  there  is  an  indication  of  a  slight  infumation  along  the  larger 
transverse  vein ;  it  is  covered  with  excessively  tine  microscopic  hairs,  which 
also  cover  all  the  veins  with  a  delicate  pubescence ;  with  this  exception  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  is  bare  ;  the  larger  transverse  vein  is  slightly  oblique, 
aiul  l)ut  little  larger  than  the  portion  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  lying 
between  the  two  transverse  veins. 

Length  of  wing,  4.6"""  ;  breadth  of  same,  l.S"". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  17,  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada. 


It. 


540 


TEBTIAUY  INHICCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 
PALLOPTERA  fallen. 


Palloptera  mohticina. 

PI.  .J,  Fig.  15. 

Palloptera  morlioma  Scmld.,  Rnp.  Prot?r.  Oool,  Siirv.  Can.,  1875-1870,  278  (1877). 

An  iiuUstiiij^iiisli.'ible  oriislied  mass  of  dutino  and  tlio  busal  half  or  more 
of  H  sin<jfle  \viii<r  are  all  tliat  remain  of  this  (iroatiiro.  Tlu;  \vin<«'  is  small  and 
probably  was  not  ovor  thrm'  millimeters  Ion;;' ;  hyaline,  with  a  slight  infu- 
mated  spot  of  ('oiisiderable  size  in  tiie  middle  of  the  wing  between  the  two 
transverse  veins  ;  the  basal  eells  are  small ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  very  slight, 
and  thronghout  very  closely  approximated  to  the  (irst  longitndinal  vein  ; 
the  latter  appears  to  be  short  and  nearly  straight,  ban'  of  bristles,  l)nt  pnbes- 
cent  like  the  rest  of  the  wing;  the  costal  vein  is  bristly,  but  like  all  the 
others  is  pale  testaceous;  the  small  transverse  vein  lies  within  the  tip  of  the 
first  longitndinal  vein  ;  the  large  transverse  vein  is  straight  and  perpendic- 
ular to  the  costa,  removed  from  the  small  transverse  vein  by  donble  its  own 
length. 

Length  <*f  fragment  of  wing,  2.1.')""". 

Quesnel,  British  ('ohinil)ia.  One  specimen.  No.  20  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

Family  ORTALlD>E   Fallen. 
LTTHORTAIJS  Hcudder. 

LithorlaliH  SruOd.,  Hop.  I'rogr.  Gcol.  .Siirv.  Can.,  187.'.-1676,  27C-277  (1877). 

This  ortalid  'an  certainly  not  be  referred  to  any  of  the  American 
genera  mentioned  bv  Loew.  It  is  most  closely  allied  to  Ceroxvs,  l)ut  besides 
a  different  distribution  of  the  spots  the  neuration  of  the  wing  varies  so  nnich 
from  that  of  Ceroxys  as  to  render  it  certain  that  it  should  l)e  separated  from 
it.  The  shape  of  the  wing  is  much  as  in  (Ceroxys,  espcicially  as  in  C  camis 
Loew,  to  wiiich  it  is  also  most  nearly  allied  in  markings;  the  first  longitnd- 
inal vein  has  bristles  upon  its  end  only,  and  even  here  they  are  few  and 
small ;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  ciu'ved  backward  a  little,  and  the  pos- 
terior angle  of  the  third  basal  cell  is  not  at  all  produced  .  the  third  and 
foiu'th  longitudinal  veins  diverge  at  their  tips,  while  the  second  and  third 
converge.     In  Ceroxys  the  auxiliary  runs  besitle  the  first  longitudiinil  vein 


DIPTERA— OllTALIDJi:. 


541 


for  soMH'  (li.stiinc(i  hikI  tlioii  siuliluuly  curveH,  almost  bends  upwiinl.  In 
liitliortalis  tli<;  .seiiiimfum  U  f^riuliiiil  and  not  abrupt.  In  Coroxys  the  snuill 
tninHvorsse  vein  lies  below  or  ontside  the  tip  oC  the  first  longitudinal  vein; 
in  fjithortalis  it  lies  within  it.  In  the  pattern  of  the  markings  also  it  differs 
from  Cero.xys  in  that  there  are  no  spots  whatever  before  the  larger  trans- 
verse vein,  excepting  that  the  stigma,  or  the  space  lying  between  the  auxil- 
iary and  first  longitudinal  veins,  is  testaceous. 

LlTHORTAUS   PICTA. 


IM.  a,  Figs.  10,  IC. 
Lilkortalh  piola  Soudd.,  Uop.  Progr.  Oeol.  Surv.  Can..  1875-1876,  277  (1877). 

The  thorax,  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  both  wings  of  the  single  specimen 
preserved  show  the  upper  surface  of  the  body  with  expanded  wings.  The 
abdomen  is  without  markings.  The  wings  are  very  well  preserved,  the 
apex  slightly  angidated  between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins ; 
the  costa  nearly  straight  on  its  basal  half,  strongl}-  convex  beyond ;  the 
stigma  occupies  the  entire  space  between  the  auxiliary  and  first  longitudinal 
veins  and  is  dark  castaneous,  deepi-'uing  toward  the  costa  to  blackish  fus- 
irous ;  the  costal  vein  is  blackish  fuscous ;  the  other  veins  are  luteo-testa- 
ceous,  deepening  to  blackish  fuliginous  next  or  in  the  spots ;  the  other  spots 
are  dark  fuliginous,  deepening  toward  the  veins  or  the  margin,  and  consist 
of  a  narrow  belt  following  the  larger  transverse  vein  and  of  confluent  spots 
at  the  tips  of  tluj  sec(»nd,  third,  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins,  forming  a  nar- 
row marginal  l)elt  from  just  Ijelow  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
to  half-way  between  the  tips  of  the  first  and  third  longitudinal  vein,s,  broad- 
ening slightly  at  the  extremities  of  the  veins  in  rapidly  narrowing  shoots, 
which  follow  the  veins  a  short  distiuu-e. 

Length  of  thorax  and  fragment  of  al»domen,  3""" ;  breadth  of  thorax, 
1.2.')""";  breadth  of  abdomen,  1.5""":  length  of  wing,  5"™  ;  breadth  of  same, 
1.75""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  Otie  specimen.  No.  5  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 


542  TKUTIARY  INSECTS  OK  NOltTU  AMKUICJA. 

Family  SCIOMYZIDyE  Fallen. 

SCIOMYZA  Falk^n.         ,  ^ 

SCIOMYZA    RKVKLATA. 
ri.  ,5,  VigH.  .'{-«. 

Sciomii:n  rriclala  Sciuld.,  Kcp.  Pro^r.  UpoI.  Siir* .    Can.,   !e7ri-le7r.,   •,'75-','7t'.  (Is77):  |i<7fi-lH77,  iM- 

459(1878). 

Threo  speoiiuons  aro  to  ho  roforred  to  tin's  species.  Althoujjli  each  of 
them  is  rather  imperteet,  the  collocatioii  of  the  t'nigmeiits  eiiahles  us  to  recon- 
struct all  parts  of  the  wiu'r.  The  head  was  ahout  one-Ht"th  the  size  oi*  the 
thorax ;  the  thorax  broadly  vaulted,  abruptly  arched  in  front,  somewhat 
depressed  above;  the  winfja  were  a  little  more  than  twice  as  lon^jf  as  broad 
with  the  costal  border  ffoiitly  arched,  the  apex  slifjhtly  nufynlated  and  the 
lower  margin  pretty  rej^ularly  convex,  bent  but  rounded  at  the  axillary 
angle;  the  membrane  and  the  castaneoiis  veins  as  well  are  covered  not  very 
profusely  with  delicate  micro.scopic  hairs,  distributed  with  great  regularity 
and  about  0.(V2"'"'  apart;  the  costal  vein  is  setose  throughout  the  npper 
margin,  and  extends  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  although  it  is  but  faint 
at  the  extreme  tip  or  on  the  lower  tlnrd  of  the  space  between  the  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  veins ;  the  auxiliary  vei;i  is  weak,  i)ut  distinctly 
separated  from  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein  from  its  very  base,  terminating  at 
the  middle  of  the  l)asal  half  of  the  costa;  the  transverse  shoulder  vein  is 
exactly  transverse,  very  faint,  and  lies  a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  basal 
cells;  the  first  longitudinal  v  i'lu  is  bare  save  the  pubescence,  and  a|)parently 
terminates  just  within  the  small  transverse  vein;  the  latter  lies  as  far  before 
as  the  large  transverse  vein  lies  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  is  mid- 
way between  the  basal  cells  and  the  large  transverse  vein  ;  the  second  and 
third  longitudinal  veins  are  nearly  .straight,  slightly  sinuous  and  sub])arallel 
throughout,  but  at  their  tips  diverge  from  each  other;  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  is  regularly  though  but  .slightly  arched  beyond  the  small  tran.sverse 
vein,  and  strikes  the  very  apex  of  the  wing:  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
is  made  up  of  three  perfectly  straight  subecpial  parts,  slightly  b(;Mt  at  the 
transverse  veins:  the  larger  transverse  vein  is  straight,  nearlv  perpendic- 
ular to  the  costa;  it  is  about  half  the  length  of  the  middle  portion  of  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein,  and  its  lower  extremity  is  nearer  the  margin  of  the 
wing  ( following   the   course   of  tlw'  fifth   longitudinal   vein)  than    its  own 


DIPTKHA— S01OMYZID.1J. 


64:} 


loajftli;  tlio  liftli  louffitiulinal  voiii  is  loHt  just  beforo  reiiclung  tho  inurfjfin 
iind  tho  sixth  juuh  half-way  to  it;  the  socoiid  and  tliiid  loiijfltudinal  voiiiH 
separate  jiiHt  over  tlie  extremities  of  the  hiiuiU  biwal  coIIh,  and  originate 
from  a  transvei-HO  vein  whicli  unites  the  rtrat  and  fourth  lonjifitudinal  veins 
before  the  middle  of  the  basal  cells. 

Length  of  the  wing,  4.5""" ;  breadth,  2""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  Three  speirlmens,  Nos.  2,  42,  43  (Dr.  G. 
M.  Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

SclOMYZA.'    MANCA. 
PI.  4,  Fig.  "J;  PI.  9,  Fi«8.  1-ti,  J5,  1(J,  18,  '20,  Zi,  24,  28,  2!>. 

.sVi(>«i//,-«  ?  manca  Soudd,,  Bull.  V.  8.  Oool.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Ton-..  IV,  7r)fl-7.')8  (1H7H). 

This  Hy,  extremely  abundant  in  tl.'e  Green  Kiver  sh.des — in  fact  out- 
numbering all  tho  other  Diptera  together— is  temporarily  placed  in  this 
genus,  because  its  characters  seem  to  agree  better  with  those  of  the  faniily 
Sciomyzidiu  than  of  any  other ;  yet  it  can  not  properly  be  placed  in  any  of 
tiie  genera  known  to  me.  I  should  be  inclined  to  place  it  near  Blepharop- 
tera  in  the  Ilelomyzida^  but  all  the  tibiae  are  bristled  throughout.  Its  gen- 
eral appearance  is  that  of  the  Ephydrinidjc,  but  the  bristly  surface  of  the 
middle  tlbiie  would  allow  us  to  plare  it  only  in  the  Notiphilina,  from  which 
it  is  excluded  by  the  want  of  pectinations  on  the  upper  side  of  the  antennal 
bristle.  The  want  of  complete  neuration  prevents  me  from  designating  it 
at  present  by  a  new  generic  name,  which  it  can  hardly  fail  to  recpiire  as 
soon  as  that  is  known;  only  two  or  three  of  the  three-score  specimens 
before  me  have  any  important  part  of  the  wings,  and  this  (;onstant  frag- 
mentary condition  of  the  fc^sils  has  suggested  the  specific  name.  The 
genus  in  which  it  would  fall  maybe  partially  characterized  as  follows: 
Body  compact,  stout;  tiie  head  comparatively  small,  |)erhaj)s  one-third  the 
bulk  of  the  thorax,  about  three-fourths  its  width,  with  large,  naked  eyes, 
the  front  between  them  nearly  ecpial  and  pretty  broad,  oblicjuely  sloped, 
and  slightly  tumid  on  a  side  view,  so  as  to  project  considerably  below :  a 
few  ci.rved  bristles  project  from  its  summit.  Anteinia-  with  the  tlagelluui 
subgloboio.  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  nnich  larger  than  tl:e  joints  of  the 
scape,  and  above  bearing  at  its  tip  a  curved,  rather  short,  naked,  tapering 
.style,  scarcely  longer  than  the  flagellum  proper  jind  l)luntly  pointed :  in 
several  specimens  in  which  this  ]>art  is  pretty  well  preserved  this  i.s  inva- 


r)44 


TKUTIAUV  INSKOTS  Ol'  NOUTIl   A.MKHICA. 


riably  itH  chumcttM',  iiiul  no  tcniiiiiiil   tlirciul  ciiii   l)o  xuon  iti  luiy  of  tliciii, 
nor  any  indimtion  of  joints  in  tlu*  .stylf  ;.  this  hrcvity  of  the  styh'  Hccins  to 


ho  iu'( 


I' 


nl 


lai'. 


As  fi 


.f  tl 


iv  as  1 1 10  ncMinition  nl  tlio  wnij;  can  lie  made  on 


t   (tl 


K'lO 


nnist  remain  some  doiiht  upon  tin's  point  nntil  Itcttcr  examples  iire  iliseov- 
ered)  tlio  ei>urHe  of  the  auxiliary  vein  <"in  not  he  delerniiiicd  .  the  first 
h>nj;itndinal  vein  appears  to  eml  hefore  the  inidille  of  the  costal  Ixinhr  ; 
the  Heeond  ori;>'inateH  abruptly  front  the  niiddh  of  the  first  lon<jitniiinal 
vein,  and  terminates  (eertairdy  )  only  a  little  way  before  the  tip  of  tin- winj;  ; 
the  third  runs  very  nearly  p.nallel  to  the  seeond  l(iM;;itU(linal  \ein,  Irrmi- 
nates  at  the  tip  of  the  win;,'',  and  is  perhaps  conneeted  hv  a  i  ro>s-veiii  \vith 
the  foiu'th  longitudinal  vein  seareely  within  the  extremity  of  the  first  lon;^i- 
tndinal  vein;  the  fourth  h»n<>;itiulinal  vein  ori^^inates  from  tlif  filth  or  sixleli 
a  little  before  the  ori;^iu  (tf  the  seeoml  lonj^itudinal  xciii,  diveryvs  rapidly 
from  the  third  beyond  this  eonneetion,  and  is  iirciiatr,  enrviiiL;'  upward 
afjain  before  reaehin;;  the  posterior  border  ,iiid  nmnini;  outward  to  tht- 
outer  border:  the  fifth  lou'ritmlinal  vein  (muxcs  still  more  stronylv  fr«»iu 
the  fourth,  until  it  reaehes  the  middle  of  tli.  .osterior  liordcr,  to  which  it 
suddenly  drops,  and  scarcely  above  which  it  is  united  \iitli  the  fourth 
lon^dtudinal  vein  by  a  Ion;;,  oblitpu'  cross-vein.  'The  femora  arc  stout,  tlu< 
front  \)i\\v  largest  at  the  base;  and  taperiii;;,  the  othci'  pairs  sulie(pial 
throu;;hout,  all  arnu'd  externally  above  and  Itelow  with  a  row  of  very  deli- 
cate, nearly  strai^^ht  spines,  the  upper  row  perhaps  waidiiiLi'  on  the  middle 
femora,  and  the  lower  row  developin;,^  into  longer  Miid  stiO'cr  bristles  on  the 
apical  half  of  the  fore  feiufu-a.  The  tibia'  arcc(|unl.  a  little  Ioniser  than  the 
femora,  lonsiderably  slenderer  but  still  rather  >i(>ut,  furnished  alike  with 
several  straii^ht,  lon^^itudinal  rows  of  uiintite  opines,  and  "U  the  outer  side 
with  three  (U-  four  distant,  moderately  stout,  ioUi^er  spines  (less  prominent 
on  the  fore  til»ia'  than  on  the  other  le^s),  and  at  the  tip  with  a  cluster  or 
several  similar  spines  or  spurs.  The  tarsi  are  ver\  nuudi  slenderer  tiian 
the  tibia-,  hui^.'er  than  tlie\,  the  otiiei'  joint-  sIcMdcrcr  than  the  met.itarsus, 
all  profusclv  armed  with  exceedin^ilv  delicate  spines  or  spinous  hairs, 
arrau;.''ed  iv;,'-ularly  in  ion^itudin.d  rows  ;  at  lip  is  a  pair  of  very  slender, 
ja'ettN'  loll;;-,  stron;jI\-  <'i;i\ed  daws,  aufl  apparentU  a  pretty  lar;^*'  pidsillus. 
The  brevity  of  the  antennal  style,  tin-  len;,Mli  of  the  tirst  longitudinal 
vein  of  the  winsr,  the  auDroximation  of  the  middle  transverse  \(in  to  tl 


M'l 


10 


barie.  the  sfruiiL''  arcuatiuii  of  the  fourth  lon^qtudinai  voin.  tiie  obliquity  of 


DIITlillA— SCIOMYZIDvE. 


545 


tilt'  postorior,  lartf*',  tnmsvciMo  volii,  niid  ilH  iijipr»»ach  lu  tlie  poHtrrinr 
miir^iiii,  tlic  luistly  imtiiro  <»t  flio  1o};h,  mid  tlio  loii^^rli  <iiul  conipiinitivc  nleii- 
(Icriicss  of  tlie  tiirsi — jill,  cxcoptinj^'  parts  of  tho  iicuriition,  diuractorn  opuii 
to  little  (|it('stion — n«ii(li>r  this  Hy  peculiar  iiinl  its  exact  location  soinowliat 
(liil)i<nis.  W'lii'ii,  li.(Ut'v»(r.  tho  iiciiration  «>t'  tlw  wiii;f  is  sulliciuiilly  well 
known  tocnaldc  ns  ti-  nnd  rstautl  more  dctinitoly  tlic  cliarartor  ot' tlu;  hasul 
cells  and  oilier  parts  o|  the  liase  ot  the  wiiiH-,  tlic  relation  of  the  auxiliary  to 
the  lli'st  lon;^ntii(Iiiial  v(>in,  and  to  map  nnipiestionalily  the  whole  course  of 
the  fourth  lon^fitiidinal  vein,  we  shall  pioliahly  ho  iihle  to  arrive  lit  very 
pr 


ocise  (!oiiclusions. 


In  addition  to  the  features  above  ineiitioiied,  ii  iiiiiv  lie  added  that  the 
thorax  is  sulxpuidrate,  scarcely  lon<,'er  tliini  broad,  tiiriiished  with  distant, 
lon}f,  curvinj^  liristles  disposed  in  rows,  but  in  no  individual  well  onoUffh 
prest^'ved  to  j^ive  further  details  of  distribiitioii.  Tlu!  abdomen  is  iMimposed 
of  fiv<*  visibh*,  sulieipial  joints;  its  mass  compact,  scarcelv  coiistrict({d  at 
the  base,  re<;ul;nly  and  pretty  stroiij^ly  arched  on  a  side  view,  taperinf^ 
rapidh-  on  the  apical  half  to  a  bluntly  rounded  apex,  the  surface  abun- 
dantly (dotlied  with  ratlw^-  (hdicate  spinous  hairs,  thos<«  at  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  segments  loiiy<'r,  and  forming  a  regular  transvernr*  row.  The  motrt- 
tarsus  of  tlie  middle  leg  is  proportionally  longer  than  in  the  others,  where 
it  is  about  half  as  long  as  the  other  joints  combined 

Measurement  of  avera;;e    individuals:     !jen«'ili   of  bodv  as  curved, 


4.2f)""";  of  head,  O.d.')""" ;  of  thorax,  1.7' 


•f  alidomen,  2.2"""  :   lireadfli  of 


head,  0.«') ;  of  thorax,  1  2.")""" ;  of  abdomen,  1.4'""' ;    length  of  Hagellum 

of  antenna-,   O.K) ';   of  style,  (».!!)""";   of  wing,  3.4"'"'?;   breadth  of  same, 

1.2""";  leiijrtli  of  hmiora,  0.7.'')"'"';  of  tibia',  O.it.'i""" ;  of  fore  tarsi,  0.8.")'""'; 


of  middh^  tarsi,  1..')""";  of  hind  tarsi,    l.G" 


of  fore  metatarsi.  0.4" 


middle  metatarsi,  0.()4'"'";  of  hind  metatarsi,  0.4.S' ;  breadth  of  femora. 


0.2«" 


';  ot   tibw,  0.12""":  ot   metatarsus,  O.OS""";  „t   tip  ot   tar.si,  0.0.5"""; 
length  of  claws,  0.0!)""" 

(Jreen  Hiver,  Wyoming.  Numerous  specimens,  colh^-ted  by  ^Ir.  F.  0. 
A.  Richardson,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  I'rof  L  .\.  Lee,  Messrs.  F.  (_!.  Mowditch, 
and  S.  II  Scndder.  Station  1()  on  the  White  Kiver  in  western  Colorado  (Dr. 
C.  A.  White) 

VOL    XIII .'i5 


.140 


TKItTIAUY  INHKCTS  OK  NM)IITII  AMKUICA. 


ScioMYZAf    1UH.IK('TA. 


(    ■■    > 


I'l.  »,  V\ii>*.  7,  liL',  25,  30,  .'»2,  33. 

Sriimntaf  di4itrlit  Hoiiilil..  Hull.  V.  S.  Umil.  Oi«i)(r.  Hiirv.  Torr.,  IV,  7:>H  (1878). 

A  Hucoiiil  M|H)('i(>H,  iippiirtMitly  of  tlio  miiiK*  jriMiiiH  hh  tho  liiHt  iiHtntidiKMl, 
Itiit  siiiiillcr,  is  toiiixl  ill  coiisitlfniltlc  iiuinlu>rs  in  tiio  hiiiiio  ( Iriutii  Uivt'i'  IumIm, 
altliuii;>-li  ill  fill'  l«'ss  tilMiiultiiicf  tliiiii  the  liiHt.  'V\w  wiiij^^H  !1|)|h>iii'  ft)  !>(>  propor- 
tioiiully  sliiirtcr  tliaii  in  the  lust  species,  with  a  nitiier  liniader  spiu'e  hetw^cii 
tin?  veins  in  the  upper  half  of  the  win;;,  iiK^'eatinj;  pttrhaps  a  hrotuler  winj^. 
The  le^fs  are  slemlerer,  the  disparity  in  tht;  .stitiii'iess  of  tht*  tihiiv  and  tarsi 
is  not  so  jjreat,  and  tlut  tarsi  are  i)ropt»rtioinilIy  shorter;  the  le;.fs  ant  also 
as  densely,  tlioujfli  less  eoarsely,  spined,  and  a  similar  dolicaey  is  ohservahlo 
in  tlu^  hairiness  of  tho  hody.  All  tho  spoeiinons  aro  proHisrvod  on  a  side  viow, 
and  like  the  last  spocios  aro  in  a  fraf^ineiitary  t-ondition. 

I4eii;,'th  of  l>ody  of  an  avora^fo  individual,  3.2""";  of  hoad,  (►.5.')'""'  ;  of 
thorax,  1.2""':  of  alxloinen.  !.«"'"':  of  \vin;r,  2. 4"'"' f ;  of  hind  fomorn,  1.2"""  ; 
of  hind  tibia',  1.1"'"'  ;  of  iniihllo  and  hind  tarsi,  I"'"'. 

(iroen  iiivor,  Wyoming.  Numerous  spocimons  by  tho  mitnu  uh  tho  last 
spocios. 

SciOMY'/A?   sp. 
ri.  10,  Vig.  6. 

Another  speeies  of  Scioinyza,  or  perhaps  of  the  same  j^onus  as  tho  last- 
mentioned  speeies  (for  several  of  its  features  aro  eertuinly  ropoatod  horo), 
seems  to  be  repre.sentod  by  tho  insect  fi;^urod  in  PI.  10,  Fig.  5,  which  itt  of 
about  the  sizi*  of  8.  maiica,  but  is  more  dolicato.  It  is  howovor  so  iinpor- 
fect  as  far  as  tho  head  and  wings  aro  concornod  that  ono  can  not  characitorizo 
it  satisfactorily  without  bettor  material. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    Ono  spociinen,  No,  18  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


Ill 


UirTEHA— IIKLOMY/IM.K. 

Family  HELOMYZID/E  Westwood. 

HKTKUOMYZA  Knilni. 

IIkTKK()MY/,A  hknilih. 
I'l.  ;i,  VigH.  I,  L». 

Immiiia  iirnlU»  Hniiilil.,  Hop.  Vrt>HT.  (IimiI.  Siirv,  Can.,  IH7r>-IH7tl,  'J7:>  '.1H77). 

mvo 


647 


III  tliiH  (^iiHo  wo  Inivo  Ixit  a  tVii;riiioMt  of  otiu  wiii}^,  Imt  omt  whiith  oxhibitH 
inoHt  t)t' tliu  |)(HMiliiii-iticH  i)t'  iiuiii'utii>ii,  iiiid,  ho  tar  ax  it  )(o(3H,  vury  wull  pru- 
wrvt)(l.  'V\u)  wiii;f  is  slijrlitly  discMilorod,  lint  was  apparently  liyalino  in  lifo, 
i!ov«i"n(l  ratlu!!'  protuHoly  with  exiH'odinj^ly  dolicato  inici'oscopic  liairH  vvliic.li 
covor  vuiiiH  an  wull  as  iiuMiiliraitu  ;  tliu  voiiiH,  oxcoptin^'  tlio  cti.stal,  art)  toHta- 
(HHius;  tlio  costal  voin  is  hlackish  fusctus  (-ovofod  with  short  bristles,  and 
(txtciiids  beyond  the  third  lon<ritiidinal  vein,  where  the  winj^  is  broken  ;  the 
auxiliary  vein  strikes  the  costa  at  about  tim  end  tit'  the  tirst  (piarter,  and  the 
nearly  strai}{'ht  tirst  loniritiidinal  vein  before  the  middle  of  the  wiu<( ;  this 
latter  voiii  is  ban*  or  only  feebly  piibeseont;  the  sliffhtly  sinuous,  toward  the 
(extremity  8li<»'htly  upturneil,  second  loii;;itudinal  vein  divides  about  equally 
the  space  between  the  costa  and  the  third  lon<»'itudinaI  vein  ;  the  latter  is 
almost  Htraifjht,  .scarcely  bending  to  receive  the  small  transverse  vein  at 
about  the  end  of  its  basal  third,  and  terminates  at  the  broadly  rounded  tip 
of  the  winj;  ;  the  small  tiMiisv(M'se  vein  lies  just  before  the  tip  of  the  tirst 
lon<;itndinal  vein;  the  fourth  lon^ritudinal  vein  is  nearly  straijifht,  only  bent 
next  the  transverse  veins  -,  l)efore  the  small  transverse  vein  it  is  parallel 
and  rather  closely  approximated  to  the  third  lon;>'itudinal  vein ;  beyond,  it 
divta'f^es  sli;j;-htly  and  re;.fularly  from  it,  and  beyond  the  larj^e  transverse 
vein  aj^ain  liecomcvs  parallel  to  it;  only  the  basal  portions  of  the  tifth  and 
sixth  longitudinal  veins  are  present,  and  the  extreme  base  of  the  winy  is  lost; 
but  the  basal  cells  are  evidently  small,  and  their  extremities  lie  just  beneath 
the  union  of  the  .secotul  and  third  lonji-itiidinal  veins;  tiie  \vin<r  is  broad, 
ovate,  and  well  rounded ;  the  costa  pretty  .stronjrly  arched. 

Lenfjfth  of  fraj^meiit,  4""" ;  pn)bable   length  of  wing,  4..")""" ;  probable 
.breadth  of  same,  2""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.    One  specimen,  Xo.  1  (Dr.  (Jr.  M.  Dawson, 
Getdogical  Survey  of  Canada). 


548 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


n 


I     !i 


n ! 


*  ?ir 


Hetkromvza  dktecta. 
ri.  5,  Fig.  76. 

//(■'  ri»»i.i/,-(i  ilileilti  Scndil,,  Hull.  II.  S.  (iool.  (tHO){r.  Siirv.   Terr.,  Ill,  T.'.S-T.'iU  (1H77). 

A  siiijrlo  spi'ciineu  and  a  very  poor  revtrso  of  it  occur  on  the  san»o 
.stone  witli  Spiiadoniyia  simplex.  Both  winjrs  and  tlic  thorax  aro  {H'eserved, 
witii  short  fVaj.>;iionts  <»t'  nioi'eratclN  stout  hairy  le^s.  The  venation  is 
obscure,  and  the  species  referred  pntvisionally  to  Ileteroniyza  until  better 
specimens  decide  more  certaiidy  to  which  of  the  jii'roups  of  Muscida'  it  l>elonj>s. 
So  far  as  it  can  Ik'  di'terininec'  the  veii.ition  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  pre- 
ce<linji'  species,  liut  tiie  wiujjf  is  nnicli  smaller,  and  there  is  a  peculiarity  about 
it  which  is  not  (piite  clear:  at  the  bend  of  t!ie  costa,  indicatinjj^  the  termina- 
tion of  the  anxihary  vein,  there  ia  u  short,  distinct,  obliipie  cross-vein  nearly 
in  continuation  of  the  base  of  the  costa,  but  bent  slightly  downw.ird,  which 
reaches  the  first  longitudinal  vein;  th.e  latter  runs  close  to  the  ccsta  and 
strikes  it  abcMit  midway  between  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  the  tip  of 
the  wing;  the  I'osta  ajjparently  runs  exactly  to  the  tip  of  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  ;  the  third  and  fourth  longitiulinal  veins  run  parallel  to  each 
other  to  a  very  little  way  beyoinl  the  extremity  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  where 
thev  an-  united  by  a  short  cross-vein,  I)eyond  which  they  both  diverge  from 
ea'-h  otlier  in  opposing  curves,  ecpially  turned  aside  from  their  former  course; 
the  tliird  longitudinal  vein  runs  to  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  fourth  is  united 
h;»lf-wav  i>>  ilie  l)order  of  th"  wing  l)y  a  long  obli(pie  cross-vein,  running  at 
ri"ht  angles  to  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein.  The  extremity  of  the  basal  cells 
iipparently  lies  about  half-way  from  the  ba.se  of  the  wing  to  the  tip  of  the 
anxiliin*v"veiii.  but  this  point  is  very  obscun*. 

Length  of  wing,  1. (!.')' ;   breadth  of  same,  O.Ilo""";   length  of  thorax, 

O.T.'i""":   breadtli  of  same.  0.."i.")""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  Hiver.  (.'oiorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Family   ANTHOMYID^   Robineau-Desvoidy. 

ANTIlO.MYLV  Meigen. 

.Vnthcmvia  inanimat.v. 
I'l. .{.  Fijr.  11). 

.tiitlioiHiiui  iiiiniiiimlii  Sciuld.,  Kr\i.  I'roj;!'.  (ii'ul.  Siiiv.  Can.,  I^.V187(5, 'J7:i-!J74  (1977). 

This  species  is  pnstty  well  represented  by  a  single   individual  and  its 
reverse,  showing  the  superior  view  of  the  insect  with  the  wings  (excepting 


DIPTEHA— ANTHOMYID.E. 


549 


the  extreme  biise),  most  of  tlu'  iiltdomeii,  uiid  piirts  of  tliu  hoiid,  tlionix,  and 
le<>-s.  The  wiiiffH  Mj-e  rather  narrow  and  rcpfularly  rounded  ;  the  bristl}' 
costal  vein  extends  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  terminates  before  the  middle  of  the  eostal  border,  just  above 
tlie  small  transverse  vein  ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  distinct  throughout  and 
remains  in  dose  contiguity  with  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  curving  first 
downward  and  then  upward,  and  diverging  from  it  only  near  the  tip,  and 
then  but  little,  being  separated  from  it  at  its  tip  by  scarcely  more  than  the 
thickness  of  the  coital  vein  ;  the  transverse  slioulder  vein  is  slightly  obli(pie; 
th(i  third  l(»ngitudinal  veir  strikes  the  tip  of  the  wing,  and  the  second  divides 
the  space  between  this  and  the  costa,  ruiming  for  the  greater  part  of  its 
length  parallel  to  the  latter,  turrung  slightly  upward  at  the  tip ;  the  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  are  pretty  c.l'^ioiy  approximated,  aid  parallel 
as  far  as  the  transverse  vein  in  the  n.iddlc  o*' the  wing;  from  this  to  the 
large  transverse  vein  they  diverge  ge  uly,  and  are  agam  parallel  be\ond ; 
tlie  small  transverse  vein  is  placed  ;  very  little  befoi'c  the  middle  of  the 
wing;  the  large  tninsverse  vein  is  straig.  +,  nearly  perpendicular  t.»  the  costa, 
its  lower  extremity  distant  from  the  njargi."  by  about  half  its  own  length, 
its  upper  extremity  dividing,  just  before  the  middle,  the  i)art  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  lying  beyond  the  transverse  vein  ;  the  fifth  longitudinal 
vein  vanishes  just  before  reaching  the  border;  the  two  small  basal  cells  are 
n  ■  '"ly  e(pial  in  size,  in  length  al)out  midway  between  the  lengths  of  the 
two  transverse  veins.  The  wing  is  covered  pretty  abundantly,  veins  and 
nu'inbrano,  with  delicate  microscopic  hairs,  and  appears  to  be  uniforndv 
hy.diue,  though  a  little  fuscous  on  the  stone.  The  specimen  appears  to  be 
a  male,  and  the  tegula'  are  distinctly  marked,  leaving  n*  doubt  that  it 
belong.-;  to  this  group  of  .Muscida'. 

rrol)abIe  length  of  body,  (i""" ;  length  of  wing,  <).2""";  breadth  of  same, 
2.2.5""";  length  of  hind  til)ia,  1.45""". 

Quesnel,  British  Oolumbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  30  and  o2  (Dr.  G.  M. 
Dawson,  (ireological  Survey  of  Canada). 

Antiiomyia  bukgessi. 
ri.  ;J,  Fig.  34. 

Anthnmyia  huriiesHi  8i;ii<M.,Ko)i.  I'r()<;r.  (ii'ol.  Siirv.  '>;n.,  Irf'.Vli^TIi,  'JTI-tiT;")  (1877). 

The  single  specimen  of  this  species  .«iiows  an  upper  view  of  the  whole 
b.tdx    in    a   somewhat   fragmentarv   coidition.     The    broad   and    rounded 


I 


» .■a..»»,.m»^ irrmfc- 


550 


THIJTIAIiY   INSIUTS  OK  NORTH  AMHRU'A. 


jiI)il(>nKMi  iiulicatos  that  it  is  a  feinalo.  Tlie  wings  arc  uiiifornilv  faint 
t"nli<;inous,  but  i)n)l)al)ly  hyaline  in  lite,  covered  with  microscopic  iiairs 
over  both  membrane  and  veins ;  tiioy  are  short  and  broad  and  well  rounded; 
the  veins  in  the  upper  halt"  of  the  wing  are  rather  darker  than  those  in  the 
lower;  the  costal  vein  is  bristly  and  extends  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein  ;  the  stout  first  longitudinal  vein  strikes  the  costal  at  the  middle 
of  the  front  margin;  tiie  auxiliary  vein  a|)pears  to  be  confluent  with  the 
llrst  longitudinal  vein  half-way  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  tip  of  the 
former;  tiuMi,  rapidly  curving  forward,  diverges  from  it,  and  at  its  tip  is  as 
distant  fr(»m  the  first  longitudinal  vein  as  the  second  longitiulinal  is  from 
the  third  above  the  short  tratisverse  vein ;  the  transverse  shoulder  vein  is 
slightly  curved  and  a  little  obli(pie  ami  lies  directly  above  the  base  (»f  the 
small  basal  cells;  the  direction  and  relation  of  the  longitudinal  veins  is  the 
same  as  in  A.  inanimata,  but  the  small  transverse  vein  lies  slightly  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  m)  that  the  divergence  (ir  parallelism  of  the  veins  is 
more  marked  than  there  ;  the  larye  transverse  vein  is  bent  slightlv  inward 
in  the  middle,  and  its  genen.l  direction  is  aliont  midway  between  perpen- 
dicular to  the  costa  and  parallel  to  the  iiiighboring  l)order;  iis  lower 
extremity  is  but  half  as  far  from  the  margin  of  the  wing  as  its  own  length; 
its  up|)('r  divides,  a  little  before  the  middle,  the  portion  of  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal veil!  whi''h  lies  beyond  the  small  transverse  vein,  but  instea<l  of 
being  only  iialf  as  long  as  the  portion  of  the  f(»urtl'(  longitudinal  vein  lying 
between  the  two  transverst'  veins,  as  in  A.  inanimata,  it  is  vi-ry  nearly  as 
long;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  just  fails  of  reaching  tiie  border,  while  the 
sixth  oidy  runs  about  two-thirds  the  distance  to  the  border;  the  basal  cells 
are  moderately  large,  much  as  in  the  preceding  species.  On  one  side  there 
are  apparently  remaiiis  of  tegiihe,  showing  tiiat  the  insect  should  be 
referred  to  this  group  i>\'  Muscida'.  The  apical  third  of  the  hind  til)ia  is  fur- 
nished abumlantly  witii  not  verv  long  hairs,  while  the  remainder  of  the 
tibia  is  bare. 

Length  of  Itodv,  l.7.'>""";  length  of  wing,  1.7')""";  bn  a<ltli  of  same, 
L"'"':   length  i.f  hind  tibia'.  l.l.V""':    length  of  hind  tarsi,  1.2.">'""'. 

Named  for  mv  friend  .Mr.  Kdwaril  Murgi-ss,  wh  >se  (critical  knowledge 
of  l)i])tera,  betort'  he  tiniii'd  Ills  attention  exclusively  lO  naval  architecture, 
was  i(f  the  greatest  scr\  ice  til  me. 

(^lU'sncl.  Ihitish  Culnnibia.  (  die  specimen.  No.  2!)  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
(•etilogical  Sur\cy  ur(",inada). 


DIPTBUA— MUSCID.i<L  551 

Family   MUSCIDy^   Leach. 
MUSCA   Linne. 

Under  tliis  liead  I  hiive  temporarily  })laced  five  species  of  dipterous 
larvfc  which  appear  to  belong-  to  this  family. 

Nearly  all  of  them,  iiowever,  and. especially  Musca  ascarides,  so  closely 
resemble  the  larv.r  of  bot-flies  that  I  could  scarcely  persuade  myself  that 
they  did  not  belong  to  the  (Estridfc.  The  appendages  of  the  skin,  how- 
ever, are  much  more  delicate  than  is  usual  in  (Estrida*,  and  are  unifonnly 
distributed  over  the  surface  or  are  altogether  absent.  The  empty  skins, 
too,  have  every  appearance  of  belonging  to  the  same  insects  as  the  com- 
plete bodies,  and,  although  these  are  not  cast  skins  (in  which  case  they 
would  be  proved  natural  inhabitants  of  the  water),  for  they  still  contain 
the  harder  parts  of  the  internal  organs  In  manv  cases,  but  rather  remains 
of  partially  decomposed  larvic,  it  would  seem  improbable  that  so  large  a 
number  of  (cstrid  larva*  could  be  found,  when  the  only  way  in  which  they 
could  have  readied  their  present  condition  would  be  through  the  droppings  of 
animals  aft'ected  by  the  bots  standing  in  tiie  water.  Of  course  the  refer- 
ence I  have  given  them  is  only  provisional. 

Musca  ascarides. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  74,  75,  79,  82-87.  1)8,  101, 
ifusra  aararides  Sciiild.,  Hull.  11.  S.  Gpol.  Oeos;r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  7.'i(i-7")7  (1&77). 

First  there  is  a  species  to  which  a  considerable  number  of  specimens 
belong,  wiiich  may  take  the  name  here  given.  Some  of  the  specimens  are 
(•(tmplete;  others  consist  of  emptied  skins  only.  When  contracted  the 
bodv  is  thick,  especially  on  the  anterior  half,  and  about  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  closely  resembling  the  larva  of  a  bot-tl}-.  Both  extremities  ai'(> 
rounded,  the  anterior  very  broadly,  while  the  posterior  half  tapers  very  reg- 
ularly. In  one  specimen,  which  is  not  so  much  shrunken,  the  body  is 
fusiform,  and  about  three  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  the  iioad 
and  hinder  extremity  tapering  in  a  nearly  equal  degree.  In  the  emptied 
skins,  as  in  tiie  others,  it  may  be  seen  that  the  normal  form  is  a  blunt, 
s(|uarely  rounded  head,  behind  which  the  body  is  nearly  equal,  and  then 
tapers  toward  the  tail.  At  tlie  anterior  extremity  may  be  nearly  always 
seen  a  j)ortion  of  the  mandil)l(>s,  consisting  of  a  pair  of  very  slender  rods  or 


y^??''-'^'°*'''qi'gp'''-"«*'^i'g™»«i»i'»*^ 


91 


Hi 


f  ( 


I  r'>> 


I  I' 


'i\M 


552 


Ti:i{TiAUY  I^^s^:(^\s  ok  north  amkuica. 


bliidca  (•(iiivorffiii'j  aiitfriorly  ai'.d  tcriiiiiiiitiiij,''  in  two  jittln^joiit  roniuled 
lobes  iittaclit'd  to  tiic  iiiiicr  I'dfrc  of  flio  blades  'V\\v  anterior  spiracles  are 
seen  in  a  sinirje  speciiiieu  as  a  siiiiple,  rounded,  dark  spot  just  outside  tlie 
middle  of  either  lateral  half:  the  two  lateral  tracheal  vessels  Mia\-  i)e  seen 
in  nearly  all  thi^  spoeiuieus,  and  (;sp('('ially  at  the  hinder  extreniitv,  and 
frajj^nieiits  of  them  are  frecpu-ntlv  scattered  aliout  on  the  stones  ;  they  are 
very  larjre.  The  intejj^ument  is  ^^enerally  rather  dark  and  more  or  less 
blotched,  and  covered  profusely  and  almost  iiniforndy  with  backward- 
directed  hairs ;  these  are  short,  taperinj;-,  and  moderately  stout,  thoujih 
minute. 

Leiijjth  of  contracted  bodies.  11.5""":  breadth  of  same,  (l.^o"""  ;  len<;'th 
of  hollies  not  contracted,  17.")"'"';  breadth  of  same,  .'i.?;')"'"' :  lenjith  of  skins, 
2')""";  breadth  of  same,  7.2.V""' :  len<rth  of  blades  of  mandibles.  ;!.•_».')'""'; 
diameter  of  trachea',  ().(!"'"' ;  of  anterior  spiracles,  0.4"'"' :  distance  of  latter 
apart,  2.75'"'". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.  Several  specimens  (W.  Den- 
ton). 

MrsCA    lUHO.SA. 

PI.  -»,  Fif;.  7.$. 

Miinca  hihona  Scii.lil.,  Hull.  I'.  .S.  (ii-nl.  (i<");;r.  Siirv.  Ti-rr.,  HI,  T.'i"  (If/T). 

Another  species  is  represented  by  a  sini^'le  ixxly  and  one  skin  and  its 
reverse,  which  seem  to  belon^r  to  the  .same.  It  iscloselv  allied  to  .M.  asca- 
rides,  l>ut  differs  from  it  in  some  essential  features.  When  contracted  the 
body  does  not  taper  re^>-ularlv  from  the  middle  of  the  front  half  to  the  tail, 
but  till'  whole  hiuiler  half  is  much  slenderer  than  the  front  and  toward  the 
tip  has  iiearlv  parallel  sides,  so  that  the  body  is  tlask  shaped  and  about 
twice  as  lon;r  as  broad.  A  similar,  thon^rji  not  so  ahrupt,  chaniie  of  contour 
is  seen  in  the  skin.  The  structure  of  the  mandibles  and  of  the  trachea'  may 
be  seen  to  be  the  same  as  in  the  pn'cedinj.''  species,  lint  t!ie  inte^'^ument  is 
naked,  liein^-  entirely  destitute  of  any  of  the  hairs  wliich  roughen  the  skin 
of  M.  a-i<arides. 

Len^'th  of  contracted  body.  11""":  Ijreadth  of  same  in  front,  7.5"""; 
behind,  .■}.75'"'";  leuyrth  of  skin  (a  small  one),  Kl""";  jrreatest  breadth  of 
.same,  5.2.5"'"' :  len<rth  of  mandible  blade,  2.75'"'" :  diameter  of  irarhea',  0,7;.' 

Chaf^rin  Valle\-.  White  River,  (  'nlorido.       Two  speciineiisf  \V   1  *<  i;\>i\i} 


1/  '.■• 

i 


hfe 


.^ 


TUPTEUA-MIIHOin.E. 


553 


^^U8^A  sp. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  100,  108, 
Musea  ap.  Sciicld.,  Hull.  II.  S.  (iiol.  (icogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  757  (1877). 

A  third  species  is  represoiited  by  three  or  four  contracted  skins,  which 
are  too  uuciiuracteristic  to  nnine,  thoiig-h  it  may  be  seen  that  they  are  distinct 
from  the  others.  As  preserved  tliey  are  almost  bhick ;  the  skin  is  much 
wriidded  and  smooth  ;  the  body  pretty  regularly  and  bluntly  obovate,  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  broad ;  at  the  end  of  one,  two  colorless  oval  patches  lie 
united,  side  by  side,  pressed  against  the  extremity,  and  doubtless  represent 
the  head,  and  prove  it  to  be  different  from  the  other  species ;  it  is,  however, 
impossible  to  say  what  its  afHuities  may  bo 

Length  of  body,  8..")""" ;  breadth,  4""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     (W.  Denton). 

MlJSCA    IIYDROPICA. 

n.  A,  Figs.  72,  i»L',  {>,{,  107. 

Muica  hi/dropica  Scn,lil.,  Hull.  11.  S.  (Jool.  (icogr.  Siiiv.  Terr.,  Ill,  757-7,^.8  (1877). 

A  fourth  species  is  represented  by  two  bodies  and  a  skin,  which  present 
an  entii-ely  different  appearance  from  the  preceding  three  species,  but  which 
may  temporarily  be  given  the  same  broad  generic  name.  In  this  species  the 
form,  even  wlien  contracted,  is  far  more  elongated  than  in  the  others;  the  body 
is  nearly  <ive  times  as  long  us  broad,  is  broadest  just  behind  the  roundly 
pointed  head,  tai)ers  rapidly  toward  it,  but  gently  posteriorly  to  the  middle, 
behind  which  it  is  e(pial.  In  the  skin' the  part  of  the  body  preserved  is 
equal  and  very  broad,  excepring  toward  the  head,  where  it  rapidly  narrows, 
the  head  being  well  rounded  or  slightly  produced  ;  the  mouth  parts,  instead 
of  being  withdrawn  a  little  fiv^iu  the  front  extremi'^y  of  the  Ijody,  as  in  the 
species  already  described,  lie  at  its  very  boundary,  and  the  blades  an;  par- 
allel instead  of  posteriorly  divergent.  The  integument  is  covered  rather 
profusely  with  very  short,  conical,  taj)ering  hairs,  scarcely  more  tJian  twice 
as  long  as  their  breadth  at  base.  The  larva  is  very  distinctly  banded  with 
darker  and  lighter  colors,  ms  the  empty  skin  shows,  the  posterior  third  of 
each  segment  being  occupie<l  b>-  a  very  dark  band,  darkest  on  the  dorsal 
surfa"e,  while  a  faint  pale  transver.se  line  breaks  the  anterior  '^.rtion  into 
two  ecpial  \\i\'  .-^  of  rhe  same  width  as  the  blackish  band. 


554 


TERT1AR\   INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


; 


LoHfjth  of  bod}',  2.'$""" :  jjfroiitest  hreadtli  of  same,  5°"" ;  breiultli  pos- 
tc^riorly,  IV""' ;  brojultli  of  skin,  dJ)""" ;  length  of  segments  on  same,  4""" ; 
length  of  mandible  blades,  .'5.5""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  Hiver,  Colorado.  Three  specimens  (W. 
Denton). 

MUSCA    VINCULATA. 

PI.  5,  FiR.  77. 

MiiHon  rinciilala  Snirtd.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  GcM-r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  7.'i8  (1877). 

There  is  still  another  specius  allied  to  tht^  last  mentioned  whieh  may 
bear  the  name  here  proposed.  It  is  represented  only  by  parts  of  emptied 
skins,  all  Iving  on  the  same  stone,  and  whieh  differ  from  the  preceding 
species  in  being  al)s<>lntely  devoid  of  any  hairs  and  in  having  different  and 
nnich  fainter  markings.  The  general  color  of  the  best  ])re.served  specimen 
is  a  pale  brown,  and  the  markings  are  acarcel-.  darker  transverse  bands, 
narrowing  on  the  sides,  bnt  occupying  nearl}' the  entire  length  of  a  s(>gment 
(h»rsallv,  and  broken  into  e(pial  parts  by  two  transverse  rows  of  verv  faint 
and  minnte  pale  dot.s.  Xo  specimen  is  sufiicientlv  perfect  to  show  the  shape 
or  the  length,  bnt  ihe  shape  appears  to  bo  similar  to  that  of  .M.  hydropica, 
and  the  insect  much  smaller  than  it,  for  the  breadth  is  4. .'»"'"',  and  the  length 
of  one  segment,  2"'"' 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.  Several  specimens  (W. 
Uenton). 

MlTSCA  spj). 

ri.  ."..  Figs.  so.  81, !»!),  KM). 

A  wholly  different  form  of  larva  is  represented  in  PI.  .">,  Figs.  SO,  SI, 
and  on  one  of  the  stones  are  fonnd  the  month  parts  of  anothev,  I'l.  h,  Figs. 
D'.l,  100,  which  are  ipiitc  ililVi-rent  from  those  of  Musea  ascaridcs. 

Chagrin  Valley,  Wiiite  Kiver,  Colorado  (W.  Denton). 

Family  TACHINID^  Loew. 

TACHIN'A  Meigen. 

Taohina  sp. 

Tachina  Kp.  Scndil.,  FliiU.  T.  S.  (ii-nl.  <;i-r.j.rr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  T.'ifi  (187f). 

To  this  IT'  'ins  is  referred  provisionally  a  small  bnt  •♦out  and  densely 
hairy  fly,  with  thick,  slightly  tapering  abd(»men,  broadly  ronnded  at  the  tip, 


9 


I   fi 


DIPTKRA— OONOniKTi;. 


555 


long  \viiig8  with  heavily  ciliutod  costal  iniir-in,  th(*  auxiliary  vein  torniinat- 
ing  just  beforo  the  middle,  and  the  first  longitudinal  vein  not  very  far  before 
the  tip ;  the  other  veins  of  the  wing  can  not  be  determined.  The  legs  are 
pretty  stout  and  densely  haired.  About  the  fly  are  sc^attered  many  arcuate, 
tapering,  spinous  hairs  0.<"""  long,  evidently  the  clothing  of  the  thorax. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1 .20""" ;  length  of  wings,  4"'"'(?); 
of  hind  femora,  ().«""" ;  hind  tibia-,  1.25"'"';  hind  tarsi,  1.25"""  (?). 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     ( )Me  specimen.  No.  48''  (F.  C.  A.  Richardson). 

Family  PLATYPEZID/E  Loew. 
OALLOMVIA  Meigen. 

Callomyia   TORPORATA. 
ri.  !»,  Fiji.  11. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved  showing  a  dorsal  view  of  the  body 
but  with  no  distinct  appendages  excepting  one  wing  wliich  is  imperfectly 
figured  on  the  plate.  The  thorax  is  l)roa(l  oval,  and  the  abdomen  oval,  as 
long  as  the  head  and  thorax  together,  narrower  than  the  thorax,  tapering 
from  in  front  of  the  middle  l)ackward,  and  rounded  at  the  tip.  The  wing 
is  as  long  as  the  thorax  and  abrlomen  together.  The  third  longitudinal 
vein  terminates  at  the  tip  of  the  wing,  the  first  in  tlie  middle  of  the  outer 
half  of  the  wing,  and  the  second  midway  l)etwee!i  them;  the  basal  cells 
are  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  wing  (indicated  in  the  plate  by  the 
angle  in  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein),  and  the  oblicpie  posterior  transverse 
vein  is  situated  at  its  upi)er  extremity,  ai)ouf  midway  between  the  middle 
l)asal  cell  and  the  apex  of  the  wing.  TIk^  exact  length  of  the  lower  basal 
wll  can  not  be  defermined. 

Length   of  body,  •$' ;   of  wing,  2.7""":    l)rea(lth  of  same,  1.1""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  71  (Prof  Leslie  A.  Lee). 

Family  CONOPID.^  Leach. 
POLIOMYIA  Scndd('r(;roA/(V,  yur?a). 

PoUomiiia  Sciuld.,  Hull,  r,  .■<.  (i,.„l.  (;,,„^rr,  Smv.  T,ir..  IV,  77,4-7-,-,  (187H). 

This  genus  of  Conopida',  most  nearly  allied  to  Myopa,  appears  in  the 
neuration  of  the  wings  to  ii  scml^ic  closely  some  genera  of  .Svrpliida",  espe- 
cially Xylota  and  Mile.sia,  but  it  nitogi'tlier  lacks  flio  .spurious  longitudinal 


noo 


TKUTIAKY  INSI-Xrrs  OK  NOHTH  AMKHICA. 


voiii,  ami  tin*  third,  fourth,  uikI  fifth  lotiiritiuliniil  veins  aro  not  tniitod  lit 
their  cxtroinities  hy  niiirffiiiul  vcmus;  iiuhuHl,  they  rim  without  swcrviiifjf  and 
Hiiliparalh'l  to  one  imothor  to  tlic  inarjrin.  In  this  respect  the  <,'eiiiis  differs 
also  from  otiier  (Jonopidje,  as  it  (h»es  also  in  th(!  extreme  hniji^tii  of  the  tliird 
liasal  eell,  whieh  is  as  hnig  as  in  Syrpliida'.  In  these  points  of  mdiration 
it  woiihl  seem  to  aj^ree  lietter  with  tlie  Pipiiiiciiliihe,  wiiich  family,  however, 
is  entirely  composed  of  very  small  flies,  so  that  it  seems  lietter  with  onr 
imperfeet  knowletljje  of  the  fossil  to  rofer  it  to  th«  Conopida".  The  hody 
resembles  that  of  Syrphiis  in  general  form  The  win^i's  are  as  Vnv^  as  the 
1)1  )dv  and  slender,  with  very  straii^ht  veins;  tlie  aiixiliiirv  and  first  to  fourth 
loiilfitudinal  veins  are  almo  it  perfeetiv  strai<;ht,  the  third  oriiiinatiiiir  from 
th(>  second  lon^-'itndinal  vein  at  some  distance  before  the  middle  of  the  win;,''; 
the  auxiliary  vein  terminates  beyond  the  middle  of  the  co.stal  maif^nn; 
directly  lieneatii  its  extremity  is  the  small  transverse  vein,  and  about  mid- 
way between  tile  latter  and  the  margin  the  larj^e  transverse  vein  uiiitinji^  the 
fourth  and  fiftii  veins;  the  extremity  of  the  second  basal  eell  is  farther  from 
the  base  tliaii  the  oriy^in  of  the  third  lon<>itudinal  vein,  and  the  third  basal 
cell  reaches  very  acutely  almost  to  the  marjiin  of  the  wiii<^. 

PoMOMVIA    KKCTA. 


!  ■      ! 


« 


I'l.  :>.  Figs.  I'.t,  '21. 

Polhtni/iii    rfctd    Snidil.,   Pull.   I'.   S.   ticnl,  (i..,>j;r.  Siiiv.    Titi.,   IV,  *.V>(1H7H);  in  Zittc!,   lliilidli,   il. 

riiliidiil.,  I,  li,  H(IT,  Kij,'.  HI"-.' (|Ha-,i. 

Tile  sinjrle  specimen  refeialde  to  this  species  was  obtained  at  the 
"  Petrified  l''isli  Cut,"  and  re|)reseiilH  a  (liifHal  view  of  the  insect  with  tin* 
wiii;:s  partK  overiappiiif>;  on  the  back.  It  is  the  smaller  fly  retencil  to  in 
hi  lla\drii"s  Sun  Pictures  of  b'ocky  .Moniitaiii  Scenery,  pa^^e  !is.  The 
lieail  is  i)rokcn  ;  thi-  thorax  is  stout,  rounded  ovate,  and  iilackish;  the 
sciitelliiiii  larjrc,  semi  lunar,  and  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  Ion;:-,  with  l(iii}r 
black  bristles  alon<»'  either  lateral  edffe  and  alonj.'-  the  sides  of  tlie  thcia.v 
posteriorh.  The  wiii^s  are  lon^r  and  narrow;  the  auxiliary  vein  runs  into 
the  mai;,''in  just  iM-xiiiid  the  middle  of  the  wiiiji';  the  first  lorif^itiidinal  vein 
runs  into  the  iiiar;.;in  at  about  tw(»-thirds  the  <listance  from  the  tip  of  the 
aiixiliarx  vdn  to  that  of  the  secoinl  loii<rifiidinal  vein,  and  scarcely  funis 
upward  e\eii  at  the  tip:  (he  i.trai^rht  second  and  tliird  lon^fitiidinal  veins 
diverj^e  from  each  other  at  the  exfreiiie  tip  after  riiiiiiiii<.r  ajfitost  parr.llel 


M 


iH 


DIl'TEUA— SYKPUID.E. 


557 


ilir()ii<»'lioiit  tlio  length  of  tho  latter,  which  originiitos  from  the  hocoikI  Home 
(liHtance  before  tlie  micldlo  of  the  wing;  the  BimiU  traiiHverse  vein  between 
tJie  third  and  fouitii  longitadiniil  veins  Ho8  just  beyond  tho  middle  of  tho 
wing  and  jjerpendicular  to  tlut  i!08tal  border,  while  the  large  transverse  vein 
between  the  fourth  and  fifth  longi'  .dinal  veins  is  |)er[)ondicular  to  tho  latter 
find  renders  tho  discul  and  second  posterior  cells  of  about  equal  length, 
'i'lie  abdomen  is  apparently  lighter  colored  than  the  thorax,  regularly 
obovate,  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  longer  than  it,  its  terminal  (fifth)  seg- 
ment small,  tho  others  large  and  subecjual. 

Length  of  thorax  and  scutellum,  4""";  breadth  of  same,  2.75""";  length 
of  abdomen,  4.5"'"';  breadth  of  same,  2.75'""';  length  of  wing,  (1.5'"'";  breadth 
of  same,  2.25'"'". 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Edward  Burgess  for  some  (iritical  rennrks  upon 
the  affinities  of  this  fiy,  and  fo>-  a  careful  sketch  of  tho  neuration,  which  is 
very  difficult  to  trace  in  certain  places. 

(jlreen  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  14600  (Ur.  F.  V. 
Hay  den). 

Family  SYRPHID^G  Leaeh. 

MILESIA  Latreillo. 

MflLKSIA    yUAUKATA. 
I'l.  !),  Fit,',  l^- 

Miknia  iiiairala  Scmld.,  Itiill.  U.  S.  Guol.  (}uo;{r.  Siiii)-.  Terr.,  IV,  7ri\i-7ri;i  (1S7H)  j  Willist.,  Syn,  N.  A. 

Syrph,  a8l,  'JKt  (188(1). 

A  specimen  in  a  Am  stiito  of  preservation,  although  not  perfect,  and 
with  most  of  the  uouration  of  the  wing  concealed  under  hard  flakes  of  stono 
which  can  not  b.-  \vh  )lly  removed,  was  found  by  Dr.  Ilaydeii  at  the  "Pet- 
rified Fish  Cut,"  (}reoM  River.  It  Is  the  larger  fly  alluded  to  in  Mr. 
Ilaydcn's  Sun  Pictures  of  Wocky  Mountain  Scenery,  page  IIS.  The  head 
and  thorax  are  black,  the  liead  large,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the  eyes 
large,  globose,  as  broad  as  the  summit  of  the  head  between  them,  the  front 
very  large,  prominent,  half  as  broad  as  the  head,  and  half  as  long  as  broad. 
Thorax  globose,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  larjrest  in  the  middle.  Win^s 
surpassing  slighrly  the  abd'^men;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  (U-iginates 
from  the  second  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  i*  very  gently  arcuate  (the 
convexity  biickward)  iu  its  outer  lialf,  and  appi!4rs  to  terminate  just  above 


r 


> 


558 


TIOKTIAItY  INSI'XITS  OF  NORTH  AMKItlCA. 


tlu)  tip  of  the  wiii^;  tli(>  toiirth  loiiiritudiiiiil  vein  is  itnitml  liv  an  oblifpiu 
(TOHs-vein  to  tlio  tiiinl  very  iiciir  the  ori^'in  of  the  latter,  and  the  Hput'ioiiH 
loii^ritiidinal  vein  can  not  h**  iiuuh*  out,  fnmi  pixtr  preservation, ;  the  niar- 
;;inal  vein  between  those  two  nppears  tt»  Itc  vt^ry  simple,  the  fourtli  longi- 
tudinal vein  beiulin;^  tiownward  at  its  tip  to  meet  it.     The  ahilonien  is  as 
Inoad   as  the  thorax,  fully  as  Ion;;  iis  tlu^  rest  of  the  body,  l)road  ovate, 
;aperin<f  sli^jhtly  at  the  l»ase  and   rapidly  beyond  the   middle,  broadi'st  at 
the  second  seijfnu'Mt ;   the  first  sci^niciit  is  loii^ri'st  and  half  as  lon<;  as  broad, 
tlu*  second  and  third  slijjfhtly  shorter,  the   fomfli  still  shorter,  ;iiul  the  fifth 
minute;  the  abdomen  is  li;,'ht-c(d(U'ed,  probably  yellow  in  life,  and  the  first 
three  se<^ments  are  rather  narrowly  mar^^ined  posteriorly  with  black;  tlio 
first  8e<rment  is  also  siuiilarlv  mar^rincd  in  front,  and  besides  has  a  median 
black  stripe  of  similar  width,  which  divides  the  segments  into  equal  lateral 
(piadratc  halves,  whence  the  specific  name;  the  whole  abdomen  is  rather 
j)rofusely  covered   witii    verv   i)rief',    black,    microscopic  hairs,    which  are 
thickest  in  the  black  Itands  borderin;^-  the  segmtMits,  and  next  the  hind  edge 
of  the  foiu'th  and  fifth   sej,'ments,  prodiu'inir  a  dusky  posterior  margin,  sim- 
ilar to  but  narrower  than  the  dark  lielts  of  the  preceding  segments,  and  of 
course  verv  inconspicuous. 

Length  of  body,  is ;  of  head.  2.H.')""" ;  of  thorax,  .'■).6.V""';  of  abdb- 

nen,  *».."»""" ;  luvadth  of  front,  L'l""" ;  of  head,  4..'>""" ;  of  thorax,  (i""" ;  of 
abdomen,  G""" ;  prol)al)le  h.-ngth  of  wing,  14  5""";  length  of  hairs  on  abdo- 
men, 0.04"'"';   width  of  dark  abdominal  ban<ls,  ().!>""". 

Dr.  Williston  thiid<s  it  can  not  be  a  .Milesia,  l)ut  that  its  afKnities  are 
rather  with  Syrphus. 

Green  liiver,  Wyomnig.    ( )ne  specimen,  No.  146IM  (Dr.  F.  V.  Iluyden). 

KUISTALIS   Latreille. 

KkI.STALIS    LAl'lDKirS.  * 

PI.  .-.,  Fif,'s.  4.S,  lU. 
Eritlalit  lapideun  .Scmlil,,  Hull.   IT.   S.  (}i.,i.   (},.,.;;r.  .Surv.    T.rr.,  Ill,  T.Vi  (HT7);  WilliBt.,  8yn.  N.   A. 

Sjipii,,  •>l.v;-;^(I^H(i). 

A  poorly  preserved  speciuien,  showing  little  that  is  characteristic,  but 
which  belongs  near  Kristalis  or  llclopliilus.  The  body  is  preserved  on  a 
dorsal  aspect,  with  wings  |)artially  ex|)ande<l;  the  head  is  nearly  wanting, 
tlie  thorax  without  markings.     The  wings  are  distinct  only  on   the  basal 


I 


m 


DIPTKUA— BVUI'inDi:. 


559 


liiiH,  iiul  ovou  hero  show  no  nouratioii  at,  all  hoyoiul  tin-  f^ouoml  coiiisn  of 
tlicj  principal  voiiiH  at  tho  ver\  liaao;  tlio  aiiilas  liowovor,  an-  vory  distinct, 
very  larjro,  thoir  hroadth  (alonj,'  tho  \viii<r^  fully  (mhuvI  to  half  tin,  hruailth 
(»f  tho  thorax,  dark,  with  obliquoly  trauHverno  dark  ri(lfr(.H,  nidicatinjr  that 
tlioy  woro  wrinklod  in  nature,  much  an  in  Volncolla  or  'KHtrns.  Abdoiuon 
Ion;,',  hroadostin  tho  middle  of  tho  l)aMal  half,  boyond  taporin^r  couHichfrahly, 
the  tip  roundly  pointed;  apical  half  of  I  jsal  joint  black,  forming;  a  distinct 
transvorao  straight  band;   tUu  nunili(!r  of  abdominal  joints  appoars  to  Ix-  tivc. 

Longth  of  thorax,  M*""";  broadHi  of  samo,  y.-Jo""" ;  longth  of  abdomen, 
«.5' ;  wings,  12""";  hroadth  of  sam.  ,  ;{.o™"'. 

Dr.  VVilliston  thinks  it  can  not  bo  an  Eristalis. 

Chagrin  V^alloy,  VVhito  llrver,  Colorad...     ()i,o  spociuion  (W.  Doulon). 

SYRPIIUS  Fabricius. 
Syrphi's  sp. 

Si/rphut  sp.  Soiuld.,  null   U.  S.  Geol.  Geojjr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  75.">  (1878). 

A  species  of  this  family,  and  in  sizo  .second  only  to  tho  Milosia  from  tho 
siunc  b(Mls,  is  represented  by  reverse  and  obverse  of  a  single  specimen, 
which  is  too  imperfecr  for  <lt'scription,  only  the  body  being  preserved;  the 
form  and  size  of  this  agrc-  best  with  tho  goims  Syrphus. 

Tlir  length  of  the  body  is  10'"'". 

(rreen  Uiver,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  4110  and  4132  (S.  II. 
Scuddur;. 

CHILOSIA  Moigen. 

ClIILOSIA    AMPLA. 

I'l.  9,  Fijjts.  14,  27. 
Ckeilosia  ampla  Sciuld.,  Bull.  U,  8.  Cieol.  Gixigr.  .Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  7r>3-7,'>4  (1878). 

This  species  is  primarily  founded  on  a  single  specimen  which  Mr. 
Howditch  and  I  found  in  the  shales  at  Green  Uiver,  and  which  preserves 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  insect.  There  is  also  a  specimen  with  its  reverse 
which  wo  obtained  at  the  same  place,  and  another  which  Mr.  Richardson 
sent  me  from  these  beds,  agreeing  with  tho  first-mentioned  specimen,  but  a 
little  larger.     As  only  the  bodies  are  preserved,  they  are  temporarily  placed 


ii 


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560 


TEllTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


in  Hm  connection  until  otli<)r  material  is  at  hand,  while  the  Hpecieu  is 
described  wholly  from  the  more  perfect  individual.  This  has  a  body  more 
nearly  of  the  shape  of  an  Orthoneura,  the  abdomen  being  broader  and 
stouter  than  is  usual  in  Chilosia,  but  the  wings  are  much  longer  than  in  the 
species  of  Orthoneura  I  have  seen,  and  both  the  shape  of  the  wing  and  its 
neuration  agree  well  with  Chilosia.  The  head  is  round  and  moderately 
large,  the  thorax  stout  and  rounded  ovate,  the  scutellum  large,  Henii-lunar, 
twice  as  broad  as  long ;  all  these  parts  are  dark  brown.  The  wings  are  very 
long  and  narrow,  extending  much  beyond  the  tip  of  the  abdomeJi,  the  costal 
edge  very  straight  until  shortly  before  the  tip,  where  it  curves  rapidly ;  all 
the  veins  are  very  straight,  especially  those  of  ti»e  upper  half  of  the  wing  ; 
the  auxiliary  vein  terminates  in  the  middle  of  the  costal  border,  the  first 
longitudinal  at  the  extremity  of  the  straight  part  of  the  costa,  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  wing,  the  third  at  the  tip  of  the 
wing,  and  tiie  second  midway  between  the  first  and  third ;  the  third  is 
united  to  the  fourth  by  a  .straight  cro.ss-vein  in  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
directly  beneath  the  tij)  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  and  about  its  own  length, 
beyond  the  extremity  of  the  long  second  l)asal  cell ;  the  extremity  of  the 
third  basal  cell  is  very  oblique  and  reaches  the  tip  of  the  lower  branch  of 
the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  marginal  vein,  uniting  ti;e  third  and  fourth 
veins,  strikes  the  former  just  before  the  tij),  while  that  uniting  the  fourth 
and  fifth,  toward  which  the  fourth  l)ends  to  receive  it,  is  removed  farther 
from  the  margin  by  about  half  the  width  of  the  first  jjosterior  cell.  The  legs 
are  slender,  scantily  clothed  witii  short,  fine  hairs.  The  a?)domen  is  broad, 
oblong  ovate,  fully  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex,  no 
longer  than  tiie  rest  (tf  the  body,  of  a  light  color,  with  darker  incisures,  and 
scantilv  covered  with  delicate  hairs ;  it  is  composed  of  five  segments,  of 
whicii  the  second,  third,  and  foin-th  are  of  equal  length,  the  first  shorter  and 
suddenly  contracted,  the  apical  minute. 

Length  of  body,  7""";  diameter  of  head,  1.3')"'"';  length  of  thorax, 
2.'}""" ;  breadth  of  same,  2'""' ;  length  of  abdomen,  iJ.fj'""' ;  breadth  of  same, 
2  2'"";  length  of  wing,  6.4""";  breadth  of  same,  1.3""";  length  of  hind 
femora,  1.25' ;  of  hind  tibia-,  1.2r)""";  of  hind  tarsi,  1.25""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  4112,  4135  and  4141 
(F.  C.  Bowditch  and  S.  II.  Scudder),  40  (F.  C  A.  Kichardson). 


DIPTEEA— SrEPHID^. 


Chilosia?  sp. 


561 


PL  9,  Fig.  26. 

Another  species  resembling  the  last,  but  too  large  t)  be  referred  to  it 
and  too  imperfect  to  be  sufficient  for  characterization,  occurs  in  the  same 
beds.  It  is  pretty  plainly  one  of  the  Syrphidae  from  its  general  appearance 
and  from  such  remains  of  the  neuration  as  are  preserved.  The  abdomen  is 
almost  round,  considerably  surpassed  by  the  wings,  and  consists  of  four 
visible  segments,  of  which  the  second  is  conspicuous  for  its  ornamenta- 
tion, the  margins  being  dark  and  joined  by  a  blackish  mesial  longitudinal 
stripe,  next  which,  on  either  side,  the  surface  is  much  paler  than  elsewhere. 

The  length  of  the  body  is  7.1°"" ;  the  apparent  length  of  the  wings, 
6.75""° ;  the  breadth  of  the  abdomen,  3""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  17  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

Chilosia  sp. 

PI.  9,  Fig.  8. 

Cheiloaia  sp.  Scudd.,  Ball.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Sarv.  Terr.,  IV,  754  (1878). 

Two  specimens  of  a  smaller  species  of  Syrphidae,  preserving  the 
bodies,  agree  so  completely  with  C.  ampla,  excepting  in  their  much  smaller 
size,  that  they  are  referred  to  the  same  genus  ;  but  as  the  wings  are  almost 
entirely  lost  the  reference  is  made  only  to  indicate  the  approximate  place 
of  the  species,  which  need  not  be  described  until  better  material  is  at  hand. 

The  length  of  the  body  is  4.25°"°. 

Green  River,  Wyoimng.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  4113,  4150  (^.  H. 
Scudder). 

PSILOTA  Meigen. 

PSILOTA   TABIDOSA. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  9. 

A  headless  body  of  a  testaceous  color  with  a  nearly  complete  wing 
represents  this  species.  Unfortunately  it  is  not  accurately  drawn  on  the 
plate,  the  nearly  invisible  veins  connecting  the  third  and  fourth  longitud- 
inal veins  at  their  tips  and  closing  the  discal  cell  being  omitted  and  the 
cross-vein  being  placed  much  too  near  the  base.  In  reality  it  should  lie 
scarcely  within  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell,  and  the  fourth  longitudinal 

VOL  XIU 36 


562  TEETIABY  INSECTS  OP  NOBTH  AMEBIOA. 

vein  should  curve,  brace-like  -^^^^  to  meet  it,  while  the  third  longitudinal 
vein,  from  which  the  cross-vein  jjarta  at  a  right  angle,  runs  in  a  straight 
course,  at»  represented.  The  brace-like  direction  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  causes  the  discal  cell  to  be  of  equal  breadth  in  the  distal  half  and 
about  twice  as  broad  as  the  proximal  half,  the  whole  cell  being  unusually 
long  and  narrow  or  fully  five  times  as  long  as  its  greatest  breadth.  The 
first  longitudinal  vein  reaches  the  margin  nearer  the  tip  of  the  second  lon- 
gitudinal than  the  auxiliary  vein. 

Length  of  headless  body,  5""" ;  of  wing,  4°"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  59  (Prof  Leslie  A.  Leo). 

Syrphid-k  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  9. 

Another  species  of  Syrphidte  appears  to  be  represented  in  PI.  10,  Fig. 
9,  but  it  is  too  obscure  for  determination  and  is  incompletely  drawn  on  the 
plate.  It  is  in  any  case  a  very  small  species.  The  basal  colls  appear  to 
be  long,  extending  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  wing;  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  is  certainly  simple,  and  there  are  no  intercalaries. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  98  (Prof  L.  A.  Lee). 


DIFTERiS.    ORTHORHA^PHi^   Brauer. 

BRACHYCERA  Zetterstedt. 

Family  DOLICHOPODIDyC  Loew. 

DOLICHOPUS  Latreillo. 
DoLicnoPUS  sp. 

DoliohopuB  ap.  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Oool.  Qoogr.  Siirv.  Tnrr.,  IV,  706  (1878). 

A  specimen  and  its  reverse  sire  to  be  referred  to  this  family  by  the 
structure  of  the  abdomen  and  by  the  general  aspect.  The  wings  and  head, 
however,  are  lacking.  The  tlior/x  is  globose,  well  arched,  and,  like  the 
abdomen,  of  a  light  brown  color,  and  ornamented  with  scattered,  bristly, 
black  hairs.     The  tip  of  the  abdomen  is  recurved  beneath. 

The  length  of  the  fragment  is  3.65""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  4124  and  4148  (S.  H. 
Scudder). 


DIPTERA— ASILID^.  563 

Family  CYRTID^E  Loew. 
ACROCERA  Meigon. 

ACROCERA   IIIRSUTA. 

PL  5,  Fig.  5. 

Aorocera  Kirtuta  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Googr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  75!>  (1877). 

A  single  very  fragmentary  specimen  appears  to  belong  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Acrocera,  but  is  too  imperfect  to  mention  with  any  certainty. 
The  size  of  the  insect,  the  small  head,  robust  and  coarsely  haired  thorax, 
stout  and  abbreviated  abdomen,  indicate  a  form  resembling  that  of  Acro- 
cera, and  the  tibiae  appear  to  bo  destitute  of  spurs ;  but  the  legs  are  not 
very  slender  and  the  neuration  of  the  fragment  of  the  wing  does  not  agree 
well  with  Westwood's  figure  of  A.  globulus  Panz.  in  Walker's  Diptora  Hri- 
tannica.  There  are,  however,  only  a  few  longitudinal  veins  next  the  base, 
disconnected  and  faint,  so  that  they  afford  very  slight  indication  of  the  rcid 
character  of  the  wings,  and  the  transverse  veins  being  obliterated  nothing 
can  be  said  of  the  basal  cells.     Thorax  and  abdomen  of  about  cfpial  size. 

Length  of  body,  4.5"""';  head,  0.6""";  height  of  same,  1.3""". 

Fossil  Cafion,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Family  ASILID^  Leach. 
STENOCINCLIS  Scudder  {GTeyh?,  HtyuXH). 

Stenocincli»  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Tirr.,  IV,  7;')!  (187H). 

This  genus  of  Asilidaa  is  founded  wholly  upon  characters  drawn  from 
the  neuration  of  the  wing,  the  only  portion  of  the  insect  preserved.  It  falls 
into  the  group  of  Dasypogonina,  in  whicli  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ter- 
minates on  the  margin  apart  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  instead  of 
uniting  with  it  just  before  the  margin.  It  is  not  very  far  removed  from 
Dioctria,  but  differs  from  it  and  from  all  Asilida-  I  have  examined  in  that 
the  third  longitudinal  vein  arises  from  the  first  before  tlie  middle  of  tlie 
wing,  instead  of  from  the  second  longitudinal  vein  after  its  emission  from 
the  first;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  has  therefore  two  inferior  shoots,  giving 
the  wing  a  very  peculiar  aspect,  and  causing  it  to  differ  radically  from  all 
other  Asilido! ;  indeed,  it  would  be  hard  to  know  where  to  look  for  a  simi- 
lar feature  among  allied  Diptera,  unless  it  be  in  the  anomalous  group  of 


564 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Cyrtidac.    The  wing  is  very  slender  and  all  the  cells  unusually  elongated, 
which  also  gives  it  a  unique  appearance. 

Stendcinclis  akomala. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  10. 

StenocincUt  anomala  Sondd.,  null.  U.  8.  Gool.  Gcokt.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  751-75-3  (1878). 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  frngniont  of  a  wing,  which  I 
found  in  tlie  Green  River  sliales.  Nearly  nil  the  iieuration  is  preserved ; 
but  the  posterior  nmrgiii  is  iib.sent  and  the  length  of  the  cells  which  border 
upon  it  can  not  be  accurately  determined.  The  insect  was  evidently  small, 
with  a  long  and  slender  wing.  The  auxiliary  vein  terminates  slightly 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin  ;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  runs  up 
toward  the  margin  where  the  auxiliary  vein  terminates,  and  follows  along 
next  the  edge  far  toward  the  tip,  us  usual  in  this  group ;  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  originates  from  tlie  first  a  little  way  before  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  and  with  an  exceedingly  gentle  sinuous  curve,  turning  upward  apic- 
ally,  terminates  a  little  way  beyond  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  originates  from  the  first  as  far  before  the  origin  of  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  as  the  distr.nce  apart  of  the  tips  of  the  first  and 
second  longitudinal  veins,  and,  running  at  first  parallel  and  almost  as  close 
to  it  as  the  first  longitudinal  vein  to  the  apical  half  of  the  costal  margin, 
but  distinctly  separate  throughout,  it  diverges  slightly  from  it  in  the  middle 
of  the  wing  and  terminates  at  the  lower  part  of  tlie  apex  of  the  wing,  curv- 
ing downward  more  strongly  toward  the  margin ;  at  the  middle  of  the 
divergent  part  of  its  course,  which  is  very  regular,  it  emits  abruptly  a  supe- 
rior branch,  which  afterward  curves  outward  and  runs  in  a  very  slightly 
sinuous  course  to  the  margin,  curving  upward  as  it  approaches  it.  The 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  seen  to  start  from  the  root  of  the  wing,  and  runs 
in  a  straight  course  until  it  reaches  a  point  just  below  the  origin  of  the  sec- 
ond longitudinal  vein,  where  it  is  connected  with  the  vein  below  by  the 
anterior  basal  transverse  vein,  and  then  bends  a  little  downward,  running 
nearly  parallel  to  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  but  contimiing  in  a  straighter 
course  terminates  on  the  margin  at  nearly  the  same  point ;  these  two  veins 
are  connected  by  the  small  transverse  vein  midway  between  the  anterior 
basal  transverse  vein  and  the  forking  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein ;  the 
fourth  longitudinal   vein   is  connected  by  the  posterior  transverse  vein 


DIPTERA— ASILID^. 


565 


(which  in  scarcely  as  long  as  the  small  transverse  vein)  with  the  upper  apical 
branch  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  just  beyond  its  forking,  or  opposite  the 
forking  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  forks  pre- 
viously to  this,  emitting  a  branch  barely  before  the  point  where  the  ante- 
rior basal  transverse  vein  strikes  it,  so  that  the  branch  almost  appears  to  be 
a  continuation  of  the  transverse  vein ;  and  previous  to  this  it  has  a  distinct 
angle,  where  another  vein  is  thrown  off  at  right  angles,  directly  opposite 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  anterior  basal  transverse  vein,  and  beyond  the 
origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  b.asal  half  only  of  the  sixth  longi- 
tudinal vein  can  be  seen,  but  its  direction  shows  that  it  unites  with  the 
lowest  branch  of  the  fifth  at  its  apex,  as  in  Dasypogon.  All  the  cells 
throughout  the  wing  are  exceedingly  narrow. 

Length  of  wing,  6.75"" ;  probable  breadth,  1.6"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  4143  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

Stemocinclis  sp. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  15. 

Certainly  to  this  family,  not  improbably  to  this  genus,  and  perhaps  to 
the  single  species  described  above,  belongs  the  body  of  a  fly  figured  on  PI. 
10,  Fig.  15.  It  is  a  male.  The  thorax  is  very  stout,  naked,  and  devoid  of 
bristles.  The  femora  stout,  inflated,  naked,  and  spineless ;  the  tibiae  not 
one-third  so  stout,  cylindrical,  hairy,  and  apparently  spinous,  not  so  long 
as  the  femora ;  the  tarsi  densely  hairy  and  spinous,  the  claws  stout,  strongly 
curved.  The  thorax  and  abdomen,  the  former  more  distinctly,  show  a 
microscopic  longitudinal  wavy  carding  of  the  integument,  which  is  also 
f'lintly  seen  on  the  naked  femora. 

Length  of  body,  9.5""" ;  of  femora,  2"'"' ;  breadth  of  latter,  0.7"". 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  45  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

ASILID.£  sp. 

A  fly,  apparently  of  this  family,  but  in  too  imperfect  a  state  for  any 
reasonable  identification  at  present,  was  found  by  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson  three 
miles  up  tlio  North  Fork  of  the  Similkameen  River,  British  Columbia,  and 
numbered  by  him  67  and  68. 


rT 


5(56 


TEllTIAUY  INSKIGTS  OF  NOBTn  AMEBIOA. 


Family  STRATIOMYIDyG  Leach. 


LITIIOPHYSA  gon.  nov.  {\Woi,  qtvaa). 

This  fjcnus,  of  tho  section  IJoridina,  is  peculiar  for  the  plump,  ovato 
abdomen,  sonicwliiit  as  in  Dipliysa,  for  havinjf  no  lower  intercalary  vein,  for 
the  distance  at  which  tho  lower  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  arises 
from  the  apex  of  tho  discoldal  cell  and  for  the  presence  of  six  spines  on  tho 
mctanotum. 

The  head  is  larj^o  and  nearly  as  broad  as  tho  stout  oval  thorax,  tho  eyes 
occupyinjif  above  all  but  a  narrow  mesial  belt  about  a  fifth  the  width  of  tho 
head ;  tho  anteniia>  apparently  as  in  Xenoniorpha,  short  and  taporinj^  refj^u- 
larly  apically  The  nietanotun  has  six  coarse,  equidistant,  and  not  very 
long  spines,  tho  nuddle  pair  a  little  stonier  than  tho  lateral.  The  auxiliary 
vein  terminates  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  tho  wing,  and  a  littlo  beyond, 
like  tho  first  and  second  longitudinal,  it  curves  upward  rather  strongly  at  tho 
extremity.  The  third  longitudinal  vein  is  forked.  The  basal  cells  are  of 
equal  length  and  half  as  long  as  the  wing ;  the  discoidal  cell  about  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  two  branches  it^^suingfrom  the  two  outer  angles  and  the  third 
branch  from  tho  lower  border  close  to  tho  second  basal  cell.  Abdomen 
regularly  ovate,  l)roader  than  the  thorax,  composed  of  six  visible  segments, 
besides,  probably,  a  basal  segment,  which  the  preservation  of  the  fossil  does 
not  permit  to  bo  seen. 

LlTIIOPnYSA   TUMULTA. 

PI.  9,  Fifj.  31. 

This  species  is  roprescniod  by  a  single  specimen  which  is  tolerably  well 
preserved.  The  thorax  is  darker  than  the  head  and  abdomen,  and  the  ob- 
scurity of  the  base  of  the  latter  leads  to  the  presumption  that  it  was  pale  in 
lifo ;  the  hinder  edges  of  the  abdominal  segments  are  a  little  darker  than 
tho  rest  of  tho  abdomen.  The  wings  are  clear  excepting  the  fuliginous 
stigma  which  embraces  the  interspaces  on  either  side  of  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  from  where  it  parts  from  the  third  vein  to  its  tip.  The  discoidal 
(!ell  is  almost  regularly  pentagonal,  and  would  be  quite  so  were  the  lower 
branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  to  arise  a  short  distance  farther  toward 
the  base ;  tho  base  is  outward,  and  the  outer,  upper,  and  lower  sides  fire 
longer  than  tho  inner;  it  is  situated  about  midway  between  the  costal  and 


■'-    (■ 


DIPTERA— STBATIOMYIDiB. 


567 


lower  margins  of  the  wing,  and  the  auxiliary  and  first  longitudinal  veins, 
though  closely  approxinxate,  are  pretty  distant  from  and  parallel  to  the  mar- 
gin through  most  of  their  course. 

Length  of  body,  5'""";  of  wing,  4.5""";  breadth  of  thorax,  l.S""";  of 
abdomen,  1.9""";  of  wing,  l.lb""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

ASARCOMYIA  gen.  nov.  (a-,  adp^,  ftvia). 

This  genus,  also  belonging  to  the  section  Ueridina,  is  distantly  related 
to  Chiromyza  Wied.  Head  slightly  narrower  than  the  globular  thorax. 
Abdomen  long,  composed  of  seven  joints,  with  nearly  parallel  sides,  broader 
than  the  thorax.  Antennaj  with  short  basal,  long  and  equal  second,  joint. 
Legs  long  and  very  slender,  the  tibia;  with  a  short  row  of  spines  near  the  tip, 
the  apical  ones  no  longer  than  the  others.  Wings  witli  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  simple,  the  first  longer  than  the  second  basal  cell,  the  discoidal  cell  emit- 
ting three  long  and  nearly  straight  veins  to  tlio  border,  all  arising  apically, 
a  foiu'th  vein  arising  from  the  second  basal  cell ;  fifth  and  sixth  longitudinal 
veins  uniting  close  to  the  margin. 

The  simple  third  longitudinal  vein,  the  unequally  long  basal  cells,  and 
the  fourth  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  with  its  origin  from  the 
second  basal  cell  apart  from  the  others,  are  characteristics  which  do  not 
seem  to  be  combined  in  any  other  genus.  T!ie  discoidal  cell  is  small, 
longitudinal,  arched,  situated  a  little  above  the  middle  of  the  wing. 

AsARCOMYIA   CADAVER. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  17. 

Whole  body  and  wings  of  a  nearly  uniform  testaceous  color,  the  thorax, 
legs,  and  principal  veins  of  the  wings  a  little  darker.  Metanotum  with  two 
large  approximated  b£.8al  bristles.  The  wings  are  tolerably  broad,  the  cos- 
tal margin  nearly  straight  most  of  the  way  to  the  tip,  the  auxiliary  vein 
reaching  to  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  second  longitudinal 
arising  from  the  third  a  little  sooner,  or  at  about  the  middle,  and  ending 
after  a  gently  sinuous  course  considerably  less  than  midway  from  the  tip  of 
the  auxiliary  to  the  tip  of  the  arcuate  third  longitudinal  vein.  First  basal 
cell  closed  scarcely  beyond  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary,  at  the  middle  of  the 
discoidal  cell.     (In  the  figure  the  cross-vein  before  this  is  an  accidental  mark 


tl 


t 

■       ! 

i   !   ! 
ill 
'   \  \ 

'.      1 

■     ^    i 

^  i  '■ 

V. 


AGS 


TERTIARY  INHECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


on  tlio  Htono.)  DiHcoidnl  coll  about  three  times  as  lonjj  aa  broad;  second 
basal  coll  about  half  as  long  as  the  wing.  Logs  very  slender,  the  tarsi 
longer  than  the  tibia-,  and  the  hind  tibia)  at  least  with  an  outer  row  of  short 
8j)ines  on  the  apical  third ;  all  the  logs  sparsely  covered  with  not  very  long 
hairs.  Abdomen  very  thinly  clothed  with  distant,  moderately  long,  slender 
hairs. 

Length  of  l)ody,  4.5""";  of  wing,  3.5*""' ;  of  hind  leg,  4.2""";  of  hind 
tibia;,  1..T""';  of  hind  tarsi,  l.C""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  12  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

NEMATOCERA  Latreille. 

Family  TIPULID^E  Leach. 

DICRANOMYIA  Stephens. 

DlCRANOMYIA    8TI0M0SA. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  16,  17,  25-27,  42,  43,  OS,  69. 

DioraHomyia  ttigmona  Suudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Ot)i>|{r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  74G-748  (1877). 

The  neuration  and  the  presence  of  a  stigma  in  a  fine,  nearly  perfect 
specimen  of  this  species  indicate  a  form  closely  allied  to  D.  pubipennis 
0.  S.,  but  the  absence  of  any  pubescence  at  the  tip  of  the  wing  at  once  dis- 
tinguishes it  from  the  recent  species.  At  first  I  supposed  tliat  it  differed 
from  other  species  of  Dicranomyia  in  the  absence  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  but 
after  careful  study  a  faint  trace  of  its  apical  portion  was  found  in  the  same 
position  relative  to  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  as  in  I),  pubi- 
pennis ;  as  there  also,  the  iii-st  longitudinal  vein  curves  downward  to,  and 
terminates  on,  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  directly  opposite  the  cross-vein 
uniting  the  discal  cell  with  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  instead  of  on  the 
costa;  the  subcostal  cross-vein  arises  before  the  deflection  of  the  first  lon- 
gitudinal, runs  parallel  with  it  until  it  curves,  when  it  turns  in  the  opposite 
direction  to  the  costa.  The  discal  cell  is  closed,  but  the  cross-vein  separat- 
ing it  from  the  second  posterior  coll  is  very  faint,  in  which  respect  it  agrees 
better  with  other  Dicranomyiie  than  with  D.  pubipennis.  The  stigma  is 
confined  to  that  part  of  the  space  between  the  first  and  second  longitudinal 
veins  which  lies  beyond  the  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  but  it  also 
extends  upward  to  the  costa;  it  is  nearly  circular  and  faintly  fuliginous. 


DIPTEBA-TIPDLIDiTJ. 


569 


An  oblique  supernumerary  vein  runs  to  the  center  of  the  atignia  from 
a  pouit  in  tlio  first  longitudinal  vein  directly  above  the  origin  of  the 
third ;  that  is,  from  the  inner  edge  of  the  stigma.  The  outer  and  posterior 
margins  of  the  wing  are  profusely  fringed  with  very  delicate  hairs,  longer 
than  the  thickness  of  the  stout  costal  vein.  The  antennae  are  fourtoen- 
jointed,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  head,  the  basal  joints  of  the  ilagoUum 
subglobular,  the  others  obovato,  the  apical  one  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad;  they  are  delicately  verticilltfte,  the  hairs  being  but  half  as  long 
as  the  width  of  the  joints.  The  male  anal  lobes  are  broadly  obovate,  deeply 
and  abruptly  excised  externally  at  the  base,  so  as  to  leave  a  sharp  right 
angle  outwardly  and  a  naiTow  peduncle  on  the  inner  side.  Together  the 
lobes  are  broader  than  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  and  each  is  about  half  as  long 
again  as  broad. 

Le'igth  of  body,  including  the  lobes,  6.6°"";  antenna;,  1.2°"";  wings, 
T.S"™ ;  anal  lobes  of  male,  0.55'"". 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (W.  Denton.) 

A  second  specimen  of  what  is  apparently  the  same  species,  judging 
from  the  anal  lobes,  is  somewliat  stouter,  but  is  destitute  of  all  other  append- 
ages, excepting  indeterminate  fragments  of  the  rostrum,  so  that  no  further 
knowledge  of  the  species  can  be  gained  from  it.  The  rostrum,  however, 
would  seem  to  be  scarcely  longer  than  the  head. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton  ) 

In  another  specimen,  also  a  male,  the  body,  one  of  the  wings,  and  part 
of  the  legs  of  one  side  are  preserved;  the  whole  is  nuich  ftiintor  than  in  the 
other  specimens,  but  the  auxiliary  vein  can  bo  trsiced  midway  between  the 
costal  and  first  longitudinal  veins  throughout  nearly  its  wliolo  length. 
What  is  apparently  the  rostnim  is  a  very  little  longer  tlian  tlie  basal  joint 
of  the  antenna)  and  a  very  little  shorter  than  the  head.  Tlie  character  of 
the  male  appendages  adds  to  the  proof  that  tliis  belongs  to  the  same  species 
as  those  previously  mentioned,  but  the  stigma  of  the  wing  is  lost  by  the 
incompleteness  of  the  preservation.  Tlie  legs  are  very  slender  and  deli- 
cately hairy  throughout,  with  no  sign  of  spurs,  although  it  should  be 
remarked  that  the  extremities  of  the  tibia;  are  not  well  preserved. 

Length  of  middle  femora,  5.25""' ;  middle  tibia;,  4.5"" ;  hind  femora, 
5.75""  ;  hind  tibia;,  5.5"". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton.) 


570 


TKIITIARY  INSECTS  OV  NOIlXn  AMERKU. 


AnotJiur  Hpociinoii  in  ii  foinnle,  with  romnniitH  of  win^H,  liaving  iiioHt  of 
tlio  voiiiH  Hcarcoly  triicoablo ;  onough  of  the  ri^^ht  vMiig  ronininH  to  bo  Hure 
tlint  it  iH  thin  HpocioH,  with  which  the  Hixo  a^rooH. 

FoHHil  Canon,  White  liiver,  Utah  (W.  Donton.) 

Still  another  \s  Hiniilarly  proHorvod ;  but  on  account  of  tlio  partial 
folding  of  tho  wing  no  Htigina  can  bo  nooti,  and  tho  tirHt  longitudinal 
vein  HconiH  to  nnito,  or  ahnoHt  unite,  with  tho  Hocond  ho  far  from  tho 
branching  of  tho  latter  that  I  wan  at  firHt  inelinod  to  Hoparato  it;  but  tho 
dilTcriMU')*  provoH  to  be  very  Hlight.  The  antenna;  of  tluR  spocinuin  are 
pretty  well  preserved,  but  ho  bent  as  not  to  allow  of  direct  nioasurcmcnt ; 
tho  Hize  agrees  well  with  other  HpecinienH,  altiiough  it  is  slightly  snuiller 
than  the  second  specimen  mentioned,  which,  however,  is  rather  larger  than 
tho  average.     The  specimen  is  a  female. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  Hiver,  Utah  (W.  Denton). 

A  head  presi^rved  on  tho  same  stone  as  the  last  specimen  probably  also 
belongs  to  this  species. 

In  the  last  specimen  to  bo  mentioned  wo  have  tho  upper  surface  of  an 
abdomen  of  a  niale  Dicranomyia,  apparently  of  this  species,  twisted  so  as  to 
present  a  Literal  view  of  the  tip,  showing  the  structure  of  tho  under  surface 
of  the  aj)pendages.  The  under  inner  edge  is  evidently  thickened,  and  a 
sliglit  hook  jirojects  a  little  beyond  the  broad  lobe;  as  tho  lobe  itself  is  pro- 
served  in  a  different  view  from  wh.at  holds  in  the  other  specimens,  and  there- 
fore has  a  slightly  different  contour,  the  specimen  is  judged  to  belong  to  this 
species  oidy  from  tho  size  of  the  abdomen  and  of  its  anal  lobos. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  Uiver,  Colorado  (W.  honton). 

Dicranomyia  pkimitiva. 

PI.  5,  FiRS.  J?0,  21,  05-07. 

Dicranomyia primitita  Sciidd.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Qnol.  Oimjit.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  74H(H77). 

Two  specimens,  a  little  smaller  than  D.  stigmosa,  but  still  more  closely 
resemldiiig  D.  pnl)ipennis,  together  with  a  third,  wliich  is  simply  a  body,  to 
whicli  is  attached  tlio  costal  outline;  of  a  wing,  and  near  which  lies  a  leg, 
represent  the  female  of  this  species.  Tho  two  first  mentioned  are  rather 
faintly  i)reserved,  but  permit  tho  venation  to  bo  traced  with  certainty, 
though  with  difficulty,  and  with  one  of  them  a  portion  of  a  detached  (mid- 
dle or  hind)  leg  may  bo  seen.     The  neuration  of  the  wing  diffijrs  from  that 


DIPTKUA— TIPlJIilDifJ. 


671 


of  D.  Hti|;mo8iv  ill  tlio  Hhnpo  of  tlio  <liHCuI  vM,  tlio  inner  borilor  of  which  ih 
straight,  luul  HtrikuH  tho  iiicomploto  fifth  loiigitiulinul  vuin  oxuutly  whoro  tlio 
h>wor  croHH-voin  HtrikoH  it,  ho  tliiit  tlio  two  ivro  (tontimiouH  iiiid  prodiico  no 
hronk  of  direction  in  tho  fifth  longitiidiniil  voin.  TIio  auxiliary  vein  iH  not 
proHorvod,  and  tlioro  ix  no  ndvontitioiiH  vuin  in  tho  Htigniu,  which  othorwiHO 
Ih  aH  ill  that  Hpocioa.     Tho  wing  itt  not  ho  nlondur  ah  in  I).  Htigiiiosa. 

liongth  of  body,  S.S™"' ;  wing,  5.5-(;""" ;  fciiiiir,  [)""";  tibia,  6.75™'"; 
firnt  two  joints  of  tarsi,  3.5""".     Tho  inoaauroniontH  of  tho  log  aro  doubtful. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.    (W.  Denton.) 

Another  poorly  preserved  spociinon  which  by  tho  structure  of  the  nialo 
forceps  is  plainly  to  bo  referred  to  this  genus  is  judgeil  merely  from  its  size 
to  belong  to  this  species,  none  of  tho  characteristic  parts  of  the  neuration 
being  preserved.  The  body  is  a  very  littlo  smaller  than  in  the  females  of 
this  species,  and  tho  male  forceps  are  ovate  and  rather  largo. 

Length  of  body  without  forceps,  4.6"'"' ;  forceps,  0.36"'"' ;  breadth  of 
one  of  them,  0.2""'. 

On  tho  same  stone  with  this  is  a  leg  which  probably  belonged  to  it, 
though  some  distance  from  it ;  tho  length  of  tho  femur  is  6"'"' ;  tibia,  4.6'""' ; 
tho  tarsi  aro  l)rokon. 

Samo  locality. 

A  single  wingless  male,  taken  by  Mr.  Richardson  at  Green  River 
Wyoming,  can  bo  referred  doul>tfully  to  this  species. 

About  fifteen  other  ppeciniens  of  Tipulidn3  were  collected  by  Mr. 
Richardson,  Mr.  IJowditch,  and  myscilf  at  Green  River;  but  unfortunately 
not  one  of  them  presents  the  vestige  of  a  wing  and  seldom  anything  more 
than  the  body.  Probably  some  of  them  also  belong  to  this  species  ;  others 
may  with  more  doubt  bo  referred  to  D.  8tigmo.sa  but  all  are  valueless  for 
any  precise  determination,  and,  indeed,  may  not  belong  to  Dicranomyia 
at  all. 

Dicranomyia  rostrata. 


PI.  5,  Figs.  40,  41,63,  04. 
IHcranomyia  rostrata  Soiidd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Oool.  Ooogr.  Surv.  Torr.,  Ill,  749  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  larger  than  tho  olhor  species  of  Dicranomyia  and 
about  the  size  of  Tipula  decrepita  Scudd.  is  provisionally  referred  to  this 
genus.    The  head  ia  very  small,  the  thorax  rather  robust  and  very  strongly 


I 

I 


t 


I 


572 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


arched,  and  the  abdomen  shows  it  to  be  a  female.  The  antennal  joints  are 
fifteen  in  number,  tiie  basal  one  atout,  the  apical  slender  obovate,  the  others 
globular  ;  the  palpi  are  four-jointed,  the  last  three  joints  equal,  and  together 
as  long  as  the  first,  the  whole  rather  longer  than  tlie  head,  and  therefore 
rather  long  for  a  Dicranomyia.  The  legs  ai'e  lacking,  the  single  wing 
detached,  broken  at  the  base,  and  longitudinally  folded.  Such  of  the  neura- 
tion  as  can  be  disentangled  agrees  wholly  with  the  peculiarities  of  this 


genus. 


Length  of  fragment  of  body  without  head,  6""" ;  breadth  of  head,  O.S"""; 
lengtii  of  antenna",  2"""  ;  palpi,  0.9""". 

Fossil  Gallon,  White  River,  Utah.     (W.  Denton.) 

A  second  specimen  is  referred  to  this  species,  but  with  some  doubt,  as 
it  consists  of  only  a  trunkwith  no  appendages  excepting  the  male  forceps. 
The  specimen  is  slightly  smaller  than  the  female,  as  we  should  expect,  and 
the  plates  at  the  extremity  of  the  body  diffbr  from  those  of  the  other  fossil 
species  described  in  being  of  a  regular,  short,  obovate  form. 

Length  of  body  without  forceps,  6.25""" :  of  forceps,  0.6°" ;  width  of 
same,  0.2«"'"'. 

Same  locality. 

SPILADOMYIA  Scudder  {arnXd?,  nvia). 

Spiladomyia  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  QeogT.  Snrv.  Terr.,  Ill,  749  (1877). 

This  genus  is  founded  upon  a  peculiar  form  of  fly  allied  to  Dicranomyia. 
The  palpi  are  no  longer  than  the  head;  i'le  th.orax  is  comparatively  slender, 
the  legs  very  long  and  slender,  and  the  wings  s^haped  mucli  as  in  Dicra- 
nomyia, with  a  peculiar  neuration.  The  auxiliary  vein  terminates  some 
way  beyond  the  middle  of  the  co.stal  border;  the  first  Ijngitudinal  vein 
terniinraes  in  the  second,  close  to  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  second  originates 
from  the  first  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  but  some  distance  before  the 
tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  originates  from  the 
second,  near  the  middle  of  its  course,  beyond  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein; 
a  little  di.stance  beyond  its  origin,  but  much  nearer  the  tip  of  the  wing  than 
usual,  it  is  connected  by  a  cro.ss-vein  with  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein ; 
the  first  and  .second  posterior  cells  are  therefore  very  short ;  there  is,  then, 
but  a  single  submarginal  cell,  three,  or,  if  a  very  slight  fork  at  the  apex 
of  the  posterior  in-iuich  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  be  counted,  four 
posterior  cells,  and  no  discal  cell. 


DIPTBRA— TIPULIDiB. 


573 


Spiiladomyia  simplex. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  37, 38. 

Spiladomyia  simplex  Soudil,,  Bull.  U.  S.  Qool.  Quogr.  Surv.  Torr.,  Ill,  750  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  show  nearly  all  the  parts  of  the 
body,  but  all  are  faintly  preserved,  so  as  to  be  very  difficult  of  study.  The 
specimen  is  a  female ;  nearly  all  the  logs  are  preserved,  and  all  but  the  base 
of  the  wings;  the  latter,  however,  trail  along  the  abdonjen,  so  that  parts  are 
obscured  and  the  neuration  is  exceedingly  faint.  The  head  is  small,  the 
eyes  almost  exactly  circular,  the  palpi  a  little  shorter  than  the  head,  the 
antennre  composed  of  cylindrical  joints,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  the  legs 
slender,  with  femora,  tibifc,  and  tarsi  of  nearly  equal  length,  and  the  wings 
as  long  as  the  body.  The  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
is  abruptly  bent  at  its  base,  so  as  nearly  to  connect  with  the  cross-vein 
uniting  it  with  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  and  the  first  and  second  posterior 
cells  are  scarcely  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  third  poste- 
rior cell  is  but  very  insignificant,  as  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  forks  but  slightly  and  near  its  tip.  The  neuration  of  the 
lower  part  cf  the  wing  is  uncertain. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""";  palpi,  0.35""";  fore  femora,  4.5"'"';  middle 
femora,  4.5"°';  hind  femora,  4.5'""";  fore  tibiai,  4.65"""';  middle  tibifc,  4.5°""; 
hind  tibia;,  4.5'""';  fore  tarsi,  4'""';  middle  (or  hind)  tarsi,  4.6""°.  Measure- 
ments of  tarsi  uncertain. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     (W.  Denton.) 


PRONOPHLEBIA  Scudder  {Trpcov,  cpU^iov). 

Pronophlebia  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S,  Gool.  Ooogr.  Surv.  Torr.,  Ill,  750  (1877). 

This  genus  differs  from  all  Tipulid;e  known  to  me  in  the  early  origin 
of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  which  springs  from  the  second  almost  imme- 
diately after  its  own  separation  from  the  first  long,itudinal  vein  and  some 
way  before  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein 
arises  near  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  branches,  the  inner  branch  apparently 
forking  near  its  tip.  These  characteristics  readily  servo  to  distinguish  it 
from  other  Tipulidaj.  The  head  is  small,  the  antenna;  long,  very  slender, 
and  more  than  thirteen-jointed.  They  are  too  imperfect  in  the  specimen 
studied  to  allow  of  any  further  statement.     The  palpi  are  not  preserved,  but 


)■  i 


574 


TEBTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tho  thorax  id  strongly  arched  and  tlte  neuration  indicates  that  the  genus 
belongs  to  tho  TipiiliJaj  brevi  palpi,  and  with  other  signs  that  it  is  probably 
one  of  the  Limnophilina,  although  the  auxiliary  cross-vein  appears  to  be 
exactly  opposite  tho  origin  of  tho  second  longitudinal  vein.  It  is  perhaps 
most  nearly  allied  to  Trichocera. 

Pkonophlebia  rediviva. 

PI.  6,  Fig.  39. 

I'roHophlebia  rediviva  Scudd.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Uuol.  Qoogr.  Surv.  Turr.,  Ill,  7&0-751  (1877). 

The  single  spocimou  of  this  species  is  spread  at  full  length,  but  tho 
stono  containing  it  is  broken.  The  specimen  is  a  male.  The  antenna)  are 
considerably  longer  than  tho  iiead  and  thorax  together,  and  the  joints  are 
shaped  ;ind  ornamentod  as  shown  in  the  figure  of  Dolichopeza  in  Walker's 
Diptera  IJritauuica.  Tho  head  is  small  and  the  eyes  so  well  preserved  that 
they  can  be  seen  as  in  a  living  creature.  The  wings  are  very  long  and 
slender ;  tlie  auxiliary  vein  terminates  some  distance  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  wing ;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  about  midway  between  that  and  the 
tip ;  tho  second  longitudinal  vein  arises  just  within  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
and  the  third  longitudinal  vein  less  than  half  tho  distance  from  iljiit  to  the  tip 
of  tho  auxiliary  vein  ;  t!io  .'^ocond  longitudinal  vein  forks  just  beneath  the  tip 
of  tlio  auxiliary  vein,  its  upper  bninch  bondu  just  beneath  tho  tip  of  tlio  first 
longitudinal,  and  its  lower  branch  appears  to  fork  just  beyond  the  middle 
of  its  course,  (/ross-veins  appear  to  divide  tlio  interspace  between  the 
second  and  tliird  loiigitnlinal  veins  (tho  second  submarginal  cell)  into  three 
equal  parts,  and  there  is  certainly  a  cross-vein  in  the  interspace  between 
tho  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  (the  second  basal  cell)  directly  oppo- 
site tho  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein. 

Lovjth  of  body,  9.25""";  aiitennju,  2.(V'"" ;  wirtgs,  9.25""". 

White  River,  near  the  Colorado- Utali  boundary  (W.  Denton). 

CYTTAROMYIA  Scudder  {nvrrapo?,  ,ivta). 

Cytlaromyia  Soiuld.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Goonr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  7.11  (1H77). 

This  genus  of  Tipulida'  ditfors  somewhat  remarkably  from  any  known 
to  me.  It  appears  to  belong  among  the  Tipulidic  brevipalpi,  tho  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  terminating  ii  ;ho  second  much  in  the  manner  of  Dicranomyia, 
with  which,  however,  this  genus  seems  to  have  little  else  in  common. 


DIPTBBA— TIPULIDJS. 


5Y5 


Although  tho  first  longitudinal  vein  terminates  in  this  way,  no  trapezoidal 
cell  is  formed  near  its  extremity  after  tho  munner  of  tlie  TipulidiK  longipalpi, 
but  this  portio!!  is  quite  as  in  Dicranoniyia.  Tlie  position  of  tho  auxiliary 
vein  is  indeterminable  from  the  fragment  I  have  seen;  but  the  "posterior 
intercalary  vein"  of  Loow  issues  from  the  lower  outer  angle  of  the  discal 
cell  at  a  long  distance  from  the  great  cross-vein,  and  in  direct  continuation 
of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  All  these  characteristics  place  it  with  the 
Tipulidse  brevipalp* ;  but  the  points  wherein  it  differs  from  tliem,  as  indeed 
from  all  other  Tipulida;,  are  not  a  little  extraordinary.  Apparently  it  has 
certain  relations  wit'.i  the  Amalopina,  and  has  some  resemblance  to  Symplocta, 
but  it  may  be  questioned  whether  it  should  not  form  a  section  by  itself  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Ptychopterina. 

The  first  longitudinal  vein  terminates  in  the  upper  branch  of  tho  second 
at  no  great  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  at  tlie  same  point  it  is  con- 
nected with  the  costa  by  an  oblique  cross-vein  running  in  continuity  with 
its  terminal  portion.  There  are  three  submarginal  cells  and  a  secondary  discal 
cell.  The  large  number  of  submarginal  cells  is  due  to  the  forking  of  the 
posterior  branch  of  tlio  second  longitudinal  vein,  ju.st  as  two  submarginal 
cells  are  formed  in  Anisoniera  by  tho  forking  of  tho  anterior  branch  of  the 
same  vein.  The  secondary  discal  cell  is  formed  by  tho  division  of  the  third 
submarginal  cell  by  a  cross-vein,  which  unites  with  the  elbow  of  the  basal 
portion  of  the  lower  branchlet  of  the  fork  of  the  second  submarginal  vein, 
and  leaves  two  cells  beyond  the  supplementary  discal  cell,  just  as  thei'o  are 
two  cells  (the  first  and  second  posterior)  beyond  the  true  discal  cell ;  the 
latter  lies  directly  below  the  secondary  discal  cell,  but  is  twice  as  largo  as 
it.  This  is  an  anomaly  quite  unicjue,  so  far  as  I  am  awaro,  among  the 
Tipulidae. 

CyTTAROMYIA   FENE8TKATA. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  78. 
Cyttaromyiafenestrata  Soadd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Gool.  Ocogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  751-753  (1877). 

This  species  is  represented  by  the  portion  of  a  wing  and  its  reverse, 
containing  a  little  more  than  the  distal  portion  with  nearly  all  tho  important 
part  of  tho  neuration.  The  striking  peculiarities  of  this  have  been  pointed 
out  in  the  description  of  the  genus ;  but  a  few  minor  points,  probably  of 
specific  value,  may  bo  added.    The  second  longitudinal  vein  originates  far 


576 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


back  toward  (perhaps  before)  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  half-way  to  the  tip 
forks  abruptly,  the  anterior  branch  immediately  arching  over  and  running 
to  a  point  just  above  the  extreme  tip  of  the  wing ;  the  space  between  this 
portion  of  its  course  and  the  first  vein  is,  infuscated,  forming  a  stigma;  the 
posterior  branch  forks  half-way  toward  the  tip,  the  upper  branchlet  being 
in  almost  direct  continuity  with  the  main  branch,  while  the  lower  diverges 
suddenly  from  it  and  unites  with  the  cross-vein  from  the  third  longitudinal 
vein,  after  which  it  runs  parallel  to  the  other  branchlet ;  the  third  longitud- 
inal vein  springs  from  the  posterior  branch  of  the  second  directly  after  its 
origin.  The  first  and  occond  jjosterior  cells  are  of  the  same  length  as  the 
lower  two  submarginal  cells,  and  the  discal  cell  is  of  a  similar  length.  The 
lower  part  of  the  wing  is  confused  from  folding,  but  there  is  a  cross-vein 
uniting  the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  next  the  inner  extremity  of 
the  discal  cell ;  the  discal  cell  extends  farther  by  its  own  width  toward  the 
base  of  the  wing  than  the  secondary  discal  cell,  and  there  is  a  slight  appear- 
ance on  the  stone,  as  if  the  middle  of  the  cross-vein  forming  the  inner  limit 
of  the  discal  cell  were  united  by  a  cross-vein  to  the  second  longitudinal  vein 
shortly  before  it  branches,  thus  forming  a  prediscal  cell  of  irregular  shape 
and  about  as  long  vs  broad. 

Length  of  fragment,  5.5"""  ;  width  of  middle  of  wing,  2°"°. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     (W.  Denton.) 

TIPULA  Linnd. 

TiPULA    DECREPITA. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  5(),  57. 
Tipula  det-reinta  .Scuild.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  75a  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  poorly  preserved,  is  to  be  referred  to  the  genus 
Tipula  (s.  str.).  The  head  is  small,  the  antennal  joints  very  slender,  obo- 
vate,  between  two  and  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  thorax  well  arched, 
and  the  abdomen  indicating  a  female  ;  the  legs  are  lacking ;  both  the  wings 
are  present,  but  poorly  preserved,  and  one  of  them  imperfect;  even  the 
perfect  one  is  badly  folded  longitudinally,  but  the  costal  border  is  nearly 
nniiijnred,  and  indicates  the  generic  aflinities,  from  the  peculiar  nature  of 
the  venation  toward  the  apex;  instead  of  forming  toward  the  termination 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  a  lar^^e  stigma-like  cell,  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  aj)pears  to  form,  with  a  slight  vein  springing  from  below,  a  long  and 


f I 


DIPTEliA— TlPULIDiB. 


577 


exceedingly  slender  cell,  above  and  outside  of  which  the  wing  is  slightly 
clouded. 

Length  of  body  without  head,  6""' ;  diameter  of  head,  0.6""" ;  length 
of  wings,  8.5""". 

White  River.     (W.  Denton.) 

TiPULA   TECTA. 
n.  5,  Figs.  40,  47. 

Tipula  teela  Scnd.l.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Googr.  Snrv.  Torr.,  Ill,  TSa-Wa  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  preserved  on  a  dorsal  aspect  is  of  a  larger  size  than 
the  other  Tipulidce  from  this  locality ;  its  precise  relationship  can  not  be 
determined  until  other  specimens  are  discovered,  as  it  has  no  head  nor 
logs,  except  ^i  very  slender  fragment  of  a  tibia;  and  tl»e  wings,  being  lon- 
gitudinally folded  and  partially  concealed  by  the  body,  along  which  they 
lie,  show  only  tliat  the  neuration  is  not  discordant  with  that  of  the  crane- 
flies,  witlj  wiiich  its  other  features  agree.  The  specimen  is  a  female,  with  a 
slight,  not  greatly  arched,  thorax,  and  full  and  plump,  though  still  slender, 
abdomen  nearly  as  broad  in  the  middle  as  the  thorax. 

Length  of  thorax,  l.4™»  ;  breadth  of  same,  1.25™"' ;  length  of  abdomen, 
4.75™"';  breadth  of  same,  Llo"""';  length  of  wings,  T"" 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (W.  Denton). 

Tipula  spoliata. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  4. 

Fragments  of  wings  only  are  preserved  in  two  of  the  specimens  referred 
iiere ;  but  a  third,  in  which  tlie  wings  uniform  in  tint  with  dusky  veins  are 
thrown  up  parallel  to  each  other  in  front  of  the  head,  shows  also  the  body 
and  part  of  the  antennae,  vvhicli  are  equal  and  sparsely  covered  with  very 
short  hairs.  There  is  no  trace  of  a  stigma  on  any  of  the  wings,  and  the 
cell  at  the  place  of  the  stigma  is  subfusiform  in  shape  and  nearly  six  times 
as  long  as  broad,  the  third  longitudinal  vein  arising  only  a  little  before  the 
end  of  the  great  cross-vein.  The  discal  cell  is  rather  less  than  half  as 
long  again  as  broad,  its  lower  inner  angle  is  scarcely  more  than  a  right 
angle,  and  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  bent  at  a  considerable  angle  at  the 
VOL  xiii 37 


s- 


■Hi! 


1  I 


578 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


great  cross-vein,  so  that  its  apical  portion  and  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein 
converge  rapidly.     The  tip  of  the  wing  is  decidedly  below  the  middle. 

Length  of  body,  12.75""";  of  wing,  14.5""";  breadth  of  same,  3.5™". 

Green  River,  Wyoming,  Three  specimens,  Nos.  15  and  74,  42,  43 
and  44  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

TiPULA   SEPULCHRI. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  1. 

A  single  specimen  is  ])reserved,  showing  a  nearly  complete  wing 
(imperfect  at  the  base),  parts  of  the  body,  with  the  head  and  palpi  and 
parts  of  the  antenna;.  The  anteniuv  are  similar  to  those  of  T.  spoliata,  and 
the  palpi  of  similar  form  and  clothing  but  slenderer.  The  wing  is  slightly 
larger  than  in  T.  spoliata,  with  a  distinct  subtriangular  stigma,  but  with  no 
other  marking  about  the  dusky  veins.  The  stigmatal  cell  has  its  lower 
bordering  vein  bent  some  way  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  cell  is  long  and 
slender,  fully  eight  times  longer  than  broad,  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
arising  from  the  tiecond  much  earlier  than  in  T.  spoliata,  considerably 
before  tiie  lower  end  of  the  great  cross-vein.  The  discal  cell  is  about  half 
as  long  again  as  broad,  its  lower  inner  angle  much  more  than  a  right  angle; 
the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  scarcely  bent  where  it  strikes  the  great  cross- 
vein,  and  its  apical  portion  therefore  scarcely  converges  with  the  sixth  lon- 
gitudinal vein.  The  tip  of  the  wing  is  oidy  a  little  below  the  middle  of  the 
wing. 

Length  of  wing,  15"'"';  breadth,  3.75""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     (Jne  s{)ecimen,  No.  i)  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

Family  CHlRONOMIDyE  ^A/'estwood. 

CHIRONOMUS  Meigeu. 

Chironomus  septus. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  8. 

A  single  specimen  in  which  the  wings  are  imperfectly  preserved,  being 
obscured  l>y  the  abdomen,  over  which  they  are  folded  The  antenuiu  are 
hidden.  The  body  is  preserved  on  a  partially  lateral  view  and  has  an 
S-shaped  form,  the  head  being  closely  appressed  to  the  lower  front  of  the 
thorax,  which  is  elevated  behind  the  middle,  and  the   abdomen    curved 


DI PTEB  A— OH  I KONOM ID^. 


579 


upward,  its  tip  rather  indicating  tiie  specimon  to  be  a  male.  The  leg»  are 
well  preserved,  and  the  wings  so  far  as  their  venation  can  bo  made  out 
indicate  a  Chirononma.  One  antenna  is  preserved  and  is  very  slender  indeed, 
about  a  third  or  a  quarter  the  width  of  the  front  tibia  and  about  as  long  as 
the  eye;  it  is  not  shown  on  the  plate  and  is  obscure  from  its  crossing  the 
front  tibia;  its  basal  joint  is  rounded  ovate,  twice  as  stout  as  the  stem, 
which  is  equal,  with  a  blunt  tip;  no  hairs  can  be  detected  except  some  exces- 
sively delicate  ones  close  to  the  base,  the  only  portion  excepting  the  tip  which 
is  not  obscured  by  the  tibia;  all  the  joints  of  the  stem  appear  to  be  cylin- 
drical and  in  no  way  moniliform.  The  legs  are  of  nearly  equal  length.  Tho 
tibiic  are  slightly  longer  than  the  femora  and  of  the  length  of  the  thorax; 
the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  tibia,  aud  tho 
remainder  of  the  tarsus  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  first 
joint.  The  femora  and  tibire  are  sparsely  clothed  with  very  short  delicate 
hairs,  and  tlie  tibise  and  tarsi,  and  especially  the  latter,  have  in  addition  a 
few  inferior  rows  of  distant  short  delicate  spines,  a  pair  of  which,  aa  short 
as  the  others,  are  apical  in  the  tibia?,  and  perhaps  aluo  in  the  tarsal  joints. 
Tho  whole  body  is  uniformly  testaceous,  slightly  infuscated  by  the  sparse 
clothing  of  short  fine  hairs. 

Length  of  body,  3"'™;  of  thorax,  1.2""";  of  legs,  about  3.5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming     One  specimen,  No.  10  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard), 

ClIIRONOMUS  DKPLETUS. 


PI.  5,  Fit,'.  62. 
ChironomiD  deplefua  .Scudtl.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Oaogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  744  (1877). 

A  single  mutilated  specimen  of  this  insect  remains,  and  is  doubtfully 
referred  to  Chironomus.  Tiie  thorax  is  moderately  robust  and  the  abdo- 
men rather  plump  for  a  Chironomus.  The  antennie  are  broken,  and  only 
the  costal  border  of  one  of  the  fore  wings  can  be  seen  ;  this  shows  that  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  terminates  in  the  middle  of  the  apical,  and  the  first 
longitudinal  apparently  in  the  middle  of  <;lie  basal,  half  of  the  wing.  Tho 
legs  are  moderately  long,  slender,  the  tibia;  finely  spined,  the  spines 
arranged  on  the  middle  legs  in  a  somewhat  verticillate  manner,  and  termi- 
nating with  two  or  three  long  spurs ;  the  femora  are  rather  short,  the  tibia) 
considerably  longer,  but  not  so  long  as  the  to.si. 


M 


580 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Length  of  body,  3"""  ;  of  wing,  2.3""" ;  of  fore  femoni,  0.68""" ;  of  fore 
tibiii!,  O-e"" ;  of  foro  tarsi,   1"""' ;    of  middle  tibioj,   1"'"' ;    of  middle  tarsi, 

I   .)r,iuni 

Cha'frin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Chikonomuh  patkns. 

PI.  5,  FiKH.  1«,  1«,  28. 

Ckironomut  paleni  8cu<til.,  Hull.  l>.  H.  Ovol.  Uoi>)(r.  Hiiiv.  Turr.,  Ill,  744-74.'i  (1877). 

A  single  sfjecinien,  very  well  pre.sorvod,  represents  a  species  which  is 
provisionally  referred  to  Oliironounis.  Nearly  all  the  parts  are  jiresent,  and 
the  nenration  of  one  of  the  wings  is  nearly  pert'et't,  showing  the  stmcture  of 
(^'hirononiidii',  but  differing  apparently  from  any  genus  yet  characterized. 
Tlut  antenna'  are  parted  and  bent,  but  apparently  perfect ;  they  .seem  to  be 
Hfteen-jointed,  the  joints  square,  the  apical  no  larger  than  the  others,  and 
all  apparently  furnished  (as  indicated  at  one  jtoint  only)  with  a  fringe  of 
profuse,  exceedingly  delica)e  hairs,  as  long  as  tho  joints.  The  body  is  slen- 
der and  the  wings  three  times  as  long  as  l)road ;  the  costal  vein  runs  oidy 
to  the  tip  of  the  wing,  and  the  margin  beyond  it  is  very  faint ;  the  first  lon- 
gitudinal vein  runs  uninterruptedly  to  the  middle  of  the  apical  fourth  of  the 
wing  ;  the  second  l<tngitu<linal  nearly  to  the  tip ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
takes  its  rise  from  the  second  in  the  middle  of  the  basal  hiilf  of  the  wing, 
and  parts  widely  from  the  .second,  leaving  tin  umisual  space  devoid  of  neura- 
tion  ne.xt  the  apex  of  the  wing;  the  fourth  arises  from  the  third  rather 
abruptly  a  little  beyond  its  l)ase,  and  has  clo.se  beneath  it  the  remnant  of  a 
vein  or  a  fold  in  the  wing;  the  next  vein  forks  ju.st  beneath  the  origin  of 
the  fourth  l(»ngitudinal  vein,  and  leaves  beneath  it,  next  the  posterior  mar- 
gin, a  broad  space  without  veins ;  the  two  basal  cells  are  very  short,  and 
there  appear  to  be  no  other  transverse  veins  in  the  whole  wing ;  all  the 
veins  are  hirsute.  The  legs  are  long  and  .slender,  and  covered  with  spinous 
hairs  arranged  in  exact  longitudinal  rows,  giving  the  legs  a  striped  appear- 
ance under  the  microscope  ;  the  femora  are  rather  short,  and  the  tibia":  and 
tarsi  of  very  nneipial  length  excepting  on  the  hind  legs;  the  tibiae  and  all 
the  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  furnished  apically  with  small  spurs. 

Length  of  body,  3""";  antenna-,  l'"'"  ;  wings,  2.1""";  fore  femora, 
0.5(f)""";    middle  femora,   0.(j""" ;  hind  femora,   O.H""" ;  fore  tibiw,  0.8"""; 


i  i 


<-^aMdc»niM 


DIPTERA— CHIHONOMIDJ8. 


581 


middle  tibite,  0.9""° ;    liind  tibisc,   1.4""° ;  fore  tarsi,   LS""" ;    middle  tarsi, 
2M""";  iiind  tarsi,  2.1"™. 

Clittgrin  N'alley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Chironomitb  sp. 

Chironomui  hj>.  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  740  (1878). 

A  minute  specimen  apparently  of  tliis  family.  Unfortunately  it  has 
no  wings,  and  little  can  be  said  of  it  more  than  to  record  its  occurrence ;  it 
is  S™"  long,  has  large  eyes,  a  stout  thorax,  and  altogether  resembles  a  Chi- 
ronomus;  it  is  however  di'-'nct  from  any  found  in  the  White  River  shales. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  141  (F.  C.  A  Richardson). 

Chikonomiu^  sp. 
PI.  5,  FigH.  32,  33. 

An  indeterminate  species  of  this  family,  whose  generic  affinities  can  not 
be  discovered  from  the  entire  absence  of  neuration  in  the  wings  and  the 
loss  of  every  other  characteristic  feature,  presents  a  side  view  of  the  body 
with  fragments  of  legs.  The  insect  is  minute,  measuring  but  2.1b"""  long. 
It  may  possibly  belong  to  the  Cecidomyidre. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton) . 

CHIKONOMIDiE   sp. 
PI.  5,  Fig.  24. 

Another  similar  specimen,  but  distinct  from  the  above,  exhibits  a  dor- 
sal aspect,  and  little  besides  the  trunk  is  left.  The  thorax  is  comparatively 
stout,  the  head  nearly  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  the  abdomen  very  slender 
and  equal.     The  body  is  3.2.')"'"'  long. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton). 

CHIKONOMIDili:  sp. 

A  third  indeterminate  species  probably  belongs  to  this  group,  but  the 
specimen  is  too  indistinct  to  be  of  much  value.  It  is  a  female.  The  an- 
tennae are  a  little  longer  than  the  head,  the  head  a  little  narrower  than  the 
abdomen,  the  latter  tapering  to  a  point.  The  costa  of  one  wing  is  present 
and  the  rather  short  and  moderately  stout  legs  of  the  opposite  side. 

Length  of  body,  1.8""";  of  middle  femur  0.8""" ;  of  same  tibiaj,  CS™". 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (W.  Denton). 


582  TEkTIAKY  1N8E0T8  OK  NOUTH  AMERICA. 

Family  CULICID^  Stephens. 
CULEX  Linnt<. 

GULKX    DAMNATOKHM. 
ri.  10,  Fig.   14  9. 

None  of  the  specimens  referred  liore  hIjow  niucli  of  the  neiirntion  of 
the  wings  excepting-  purts  of  h)ngitu(linal  veins,  but  the  other  charftctor- 
istics  are  tinniistnknblo.  1  lie  eyes  are  surrounded  by  a  fringe  of  curved 
hishes  JiH  long  as  the  width  of  ihe  eye.  The  antennae  (all  the  Mpcciniens 
are  females)  are  fully  as  long  as  the  thorax,  slender,  tapering,  the  joints 
almost  ihroe  times  as  l<»r\g  as  broad,  cylindrical,  clothed  sj)ar8ely  with  ex- 
cessively short  hairs,  and  showing  signs  here  and  there  of  a  thin  whorl  of 
fiiu^  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  joints  a  little  longer  than  the  joints  themselves. 
Palpi  about  as  long  as  the  head,  more  than  twice  as  stout  as  the  basal  j)or- 
tion  of  the  antenna%  the  last  joint  almost  obpyriform,  l)luntly  terminated, 
about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  briefly  hairy.  Proboscis  as  stovit 
as  the  ])alpi,  stouter  than  the  fore  tibia*,  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  thorax. 
Legs  long  and  slender,  clothed  sparsely  with  fine  short  spinous  hairs,  and 
the  til)ia'  with  inferior  rows  of  more  distant,  longer,  but  still  brief  spines, 
and  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  with  inferior  rows  of  sluu-t,  close  set  spines. 
Hind  tarsi  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  C""" ;  of  thorax,  l.H""" ;  of  antennae,  2""" ;  of  proboscis, 
1.9"'":  of  fore  legs  beyond  coxa\  A.G""" ;  of  fore  femora,  1.6"'"';  fore  tibia?, 
l.H""";  fore  tarsi,  2.2"'"';  hind  femora,  21}""";  hind  tibiae  2""";  hind  tarsi 
(broken  just  .short  of  extremity), ',)""".     Measurements  from  specimen  figured. 

Green  Hiver,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  Ifi,  38,  39  (Dr.  A. 
S.  Packard). 

CiJLKx  I'ROAvrriJs. 

ri.  5,  FiKS.  H,  9. 
Culex proarHu>  Sciiild..  Hull.  V.  S.  (l«i>l.  Ocnur.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  744  (IH77). 

A  poorly  preserved  specimen  in  which  only  fragments  of  the  legs  can 
be  seen,  and  the  wings  are  .so  crumpled  and  folded  a.s  to  prevent  tracing  the 
neuration.  Whai  can  be  seen  resemldes  the  neuration  of  the  Culicida',  and 
the  veins  and  borders  are  heavily  fringed  with  long  hairs.     'V\ni  body  is 


DIPTBRA— BIBIONID.E. 


583 


Hiendor  and  tlio  itinoct  miimto  ;  tho  probnsciH  is  about  an  lon^  nn  the  hoad 
and  tliorax  conihinod,  and  tho  hiHt  joint  of  tho  equally  long  palpi  m  ciinoato, 
the  haHo  rounded. 

Length  of  body,  2.2"""  ;  of  proboscis,  0.9""". 

Foasil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (VV.  Denton). 

CORETIIKA  Moigen. 

COHKTHKA   EXITA. 

PI.  5,  FiRS.  2a,  23. 

Coreihra  etita  Snudd.,  Hull.  IT.  S.  Ueol.  Ocotfr.  Siirv.  Tflrr.,  Ill,  744  (1877). 

A  specimen,  viewed  from  above,  witli  expanded  wings,  and  destitute  of 
legs,  palpi,  and  all  but  tho  basal  joints  of  the  antennae.  The  broad  head, 
stout  basal  joint  of  antenniv,  general  form  and  size,  with  such  of  the  neura- 
tion  of  one  wing  as  can  bo  determined,  indicate  the  genus ;  seven  of  the 
abdominal  segments  are  very  clearly  marked,  and  the  specimen  appears  to 
be  a  male.  The  body  is  slender;  the  head,  thorax,  and  abdon'en  of  equal 
width  ;  the  wings  slender  and  of  about  equal  length  with  tho  body.  The 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  runs  in  a  nearly  straight  line  over  tho  basal  half  of 
its  course,  but  is  gently  arched  beyond ;  tho  fifth  originates  from  tho  fourth 
in  the  middle  of  its  straight  portion,  runs  nearly  parallel  with  it  so  long  as  it 
continues  straight,  and  afterward  diverges  considerably;  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  appears  to  run  to  the  tip  of  tho  wing. 

Length  of  body,  4.25™'" ;  of  wing,  4.2.'>'""  ;  breadth  of  latter,  0.8™"*. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 


Family  BIBlONIDvE  Westwood. 
PLECIA  Wiedemann. 

Plecia  similkameena. 
PI.  3,  Figs.  20-22. 

Penthetria  iiimilkameena  Soudd.,  Roi..  Progr.  Oool.  Siirv.  Can.,  lS77-t878,  177-179B  (1879). 
Pleeia  limilkameetta  Sciidd.,  Zittel,  Handb.  d.  Paliuont.,  I,  ii,  Hll,  Fig.  1086  (1885). 

Five  specimens,  three  of  them  with  their  reverses,  represent  very  fairly 
a  species  of  Plecia,  one  of  thorn  certainly  a  male,  and  remarkably  perfect. 
The  body  of  this  male  is  of  nearly  equal  size  throughout,  scarcely  thickened 


584 


TKllTIAUY  INHKOTS  OF  NORTH  AMKHICA. 


at  tlio  thorax.  Tlio  inal(»  atitiMiiiai  ooiiHiHt  of  t(Mi  jointM,  and  tlioy  ar«  moiiil- 
iforin,  vory  ^fuiitly  and  Hli<r)itly  diMToaHin^  in  nmi  to  tlio  tip,  tlut  apical  joint 
HinallnHt,  all  totj^otlior  a  iittitt  lon^^or  than  tiio  li(ti<rht  of  th«*  h(!ad.  I'C^)^  of 
th(*  niah*  Ion;r  and  HhMidci',  all  tho  foniora  of  (>(|nal  I(>n;rth  (tho  iniddlu  pair 
piM'hapH  a  little  HJinrtcr  than  flic  otluirn),  rtlif^htly  thickened,  especially  on  the 
apical  half  All  tint  tibia?  ar(»  Vi'vy  lonjf,  nlender,  e(pial,  c(»V'  ri  d  l»elo\v  with 
a  dense  cl(»thin<r  of  very  <lelicate  and  Hhort  hairs,  and  fnrnisi.ei,  above  with 
H  row  ( f )  of  very  short,  delicate,  niinnte,  recinnbcnt  spincH,  the  .ip(!X  devoid 
of  spin'H;  th(f  Hrst  pair  isalKMit  as  lon^  aH  the  fon?  femora;  the  mtcond  Im  con- 
Hidenibly  shorter  than  the  middle  femora,  while  the  third  pair  is  lonfrerthan 
the  hind  femora.  The  tarsi  are  scarcely  sliort(tr  than  their  resj)ective  tibin); 
the  lirat  joint  is  nearly  as  loiii;  as  the  rest  of  the  tarsuH,  oxc(*ptin}j;  on  the 
iniddio  Icffs,  where  it  only  ecpials  the  two  succeedinjif  joints  taken  to;^ether; 
the  remainin*^  joints  are  snbe(pial  in  Ien<;th  (^on  the  middle  lej^s  the  Hocond 
and  third  joints  arc  lon<^ur  than  th(>  fourth  and  fifth),  and  the  last  is  armed 
with  a  delicate  pair  of  di  verj^ent  claws.  The  whole  body  and  the  appen<la<^e8 
are  black.  The  win^^s  are  fnli^finous,  deepening  in  tone  toward  the  front 
margin;  they  are  nearly  as  lon«^  as  the  body  and  abont  three  times  as  \ou\r 
ns  l)road.  Tla*  first  and  seccmd  longitudinal  veins  are  straight  and  approx- 
imate to  the  front  margin,  the  latter  .striking  it  scarcely  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing,  the  former  at  about  the  middle  of  the  third 
quarter;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  diverges  from  the  second  at  some  dis- 
tance before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  connected  by  the  middle  transverse 
vei'i  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein, 
and  forks  either  at  a  little  more  (0  or  at  a  little  less  (j)  than  one-third  the 
distjinco  from  the  cross- vein  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,'  tlas  lower  brancdi 
striking  the  tip,  while  the  other,  strongly  curved,  strikes  the  margin  at 
about  one-third  (/),  or  a  little  more  than  one-third  ( ?),  the  distance  from  the 
apex  of  the  second  to  that  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  third  longitiulinal 
Viiin ;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  very  nearly  straight  until  it  forks,  con- 
Hideral)ly  (^)  or  a  littler  (i)  nearer  tlij  middh*  transvers(>  vein  tlian  the  origin 
of  the  fork  of  the  vein  aI)ove  ;  the  branches  part  widely  at  ba.se,  the  upper 
more  arcuate  than  the  lower;  the  fifth  longitudinal  ''cin  forks  as  far  from 
the  base  of  the  wing  as  the  divererencio  of  the  .second  and  third  longitudinal 


'Tim  MfXKHiu  tliiN  Ki^iiiiH  ilillVr  in  tiriintKiti,  and,  nH  tlin  xviii^  attaclii'il  to  tint  lioily  ortliii  iiiiilit  <lif- 
li'rsfi'.iiii  tliodtliiT  wiM;;^  in  tin*  iiarticiil.ir  uIiovh  niiMiiinninl,  I  look  upon  the  othurM  U8  beluiigiuK  to 
fciiiiiloH  of  till)  mtiiiit  .spuvli!H,  unil  (li'itvrllio  tliuiu  uucordingly. 


DlI'TKKA-HIBIONlDit:. 


585 


vpitiH,  i]w  iijn)*'!'  In'iiiicli  lu'iiij;  cotiDorttMl  jiiHt  Ix^yond  it«  oriKiii  witli  tlio 
t'oiirtli  loii^itiidiiiul  v<<iii,  wliirli  \h  of  tlu>  huiiio  litn^th  iih  tim  uiiiliilo  tmiiH- 
vormt  voin,  ami  Vwh  iih  fur  within  an  tliiit  without  the  nii(Mh»  of  tlie  winjf. 
In  iioiH)  of  thu  Hpt>(Min(>iiM  (owiii^r  to  iiiipctl'oct  primcrvatioii;  can  the  Hixth 
hingitiiilitinl  V(*iii  lio  tnicctl  iK-yoiul  the  huHiil  tranHV(>rm>  vjmii. 

l-<'ii;rtli  of  hody,  11""";   lirciidtli  of  thorax,  1.7r» ';  of  ah(h)incii,  1.1""'"; 

loiiffth  of  fomom:   fon»  3.f>"'"',  middh- ;J.5  (f) '"",  hind  M.rr"';  of  tihia-:  foro 

a.firi""",  nii(hlh»  :\:2rt""",  hind  4"'"' ;  of  tarni :  foro  3 ,  inichllo  2.75"'"',  lund  3.ri"""; 

of  firxt  joint  of  taisi;  fort*  \A""",  niichllo  1"'"',  hind  l.f)'""';  htnffth  of  winf;;, 
10""";  hrcadth  of  Manm,  H.h""".  All  tho  UKtaHnnMnnntH  are  taken  from  the 
nude. 

Sinnlkanioen  River,  Hritish  Ccdnnihia.  Five  HpeeinienH,  Nob.  Y6,  79- 
8.'{  (Dr.  (i.  M.  DawHon,  Oeolojrieal  Survey  of  Canada). 

Plkcia  pkalki. 
PI.  4,  FlRH.  2,.'«,  10,11,13. 

'I'luH  HpecieH  differs  from  I*,  similkatncena  mainly  in  a  single  point,  the 
earlier  forkinjf  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  the  stalk  of  which  in  as  short 
as  or  shorter  than  the  middle  transverse  vein,  while  in  the  Hritish  Columbia 
speeies  it  is  a])out  twice  as  long.  The  superior  fork  of  the  third  longitud- 
inal vein  is  also  a  trifle  shorter,  although  it  does  not  appear  to  arise  any 
earlier.  The  cross-vein  muting  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  with  the  branch 
of  the  fifth  (next  its  base)  is  not  shown  in  the  Hgiu'es,  and  the  neuration  is 
imperfect  in  Figs.  2  and  3  at  several  points.  The  species  is  of  the  same 
size  as  1'.  simiikameena,  1)ut  a  couple  of  specimen.s,  thought  at  first  to  l)e 
distinct  from  apparent  differences  in  their  obscure  neuration,  but  which 
turned  otit  to  be  identical  on  closer  inspection,  are  somewhat  smaller  than 
the  average.  Tlu*  species  nuist  have  beeji  exceedingly  conunon  in  the  beds 
at  Twin  Creek,  Wyoming,  for  out  of  more  than  fifty  specimens  of  fossil 
insects  (d)tained  for  mo  l)y  the  brothers  Hell  at  their  coal  bed  all  but  one 
or  two  belong  to  this  species.  They  are  preserved  in  a  whitish  fetid  shale. 
They  are  mostly  in  a  very  poor  state  of  preservsvtion,  the  best  of  them 
being  shown  in  Figs.  2,  3,  and  11,  the  l-ust  showing  the  average  size.  Much 
better  specimens,  however,  were  obtained  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale  in  October, 
1877,  in  beds  on  the  same  creek,  about  thirty-five  to  forty  miles  northeast 
of  Ramlolph,  on  a  darker  shale,  where  the  specimens  were  equally  abundant 


586 


TEUTIARY  INSECTS  OF  l^ORTH  AMERICA. 


and  excellently  preserved,  as  see  Figs.  10  and  12.  Dr.  Peale  brought  home 
nine  slabs,  numbered  1  to  G,  containing  ten  specimens,  with  reverses  of  four 
of  them.  Three  or  four  good  specimens  were  also  sent  me  from  Twin 
Creek  by  Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry,  and  were  then  taken  for  the  preceding 
8j)ecie8.. 

Nam<Hl  for  the  geologist  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale,  who  has  been  quick  in  the 
discovery  of  insect-bearing  shales  in  the  West. 

Plecia  dejecta. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  17. 

Tliis  species  is  in  most  respects  ne.irer  P.  similkameena  than  P.  pealei 
from  the  neighboring  region  to  the  north,  but  it  is  considerably  smaller 
than  the  former  and  than  most  specimens  of  the  latter ;  a  single  well  pre- 
served and  nearly  perfect  specimen  has  been  found,  in  marked  contrast  to 
the  abundance  of  P.  pealei  to  the  north.  As  in  P.  pealei  the  superior  branch 
of  the  third  superior  vein  is  no  longer,  or  scarcely  longer,  than  the  distance 
from  the  median  transverse  vein  to  the  origin  of  the  branch,  while,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  resembles  P.  siinilkameena  in  that  the  length  of  the  median 
transverse  vein  is  double  that  of  the  distance  from  it  to  the  fork  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein,  represented  a  trifle  too  short  on  the  plate.  The  legs  are 
as  in  the  other  species  as  far  as  noted. 

Length  of  wing,  7.5""" ;  breadth  of  same,  3"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming     One  specimen.  No  8  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


:  ,S; 


!         1 


Family   MYCETOPHILID/G  Westwood. 
SCIAKA  Meigen. 

SCIARA    DErKRKITA. 
PI.  3,  FiR.  17. 
Sciara  depgrdita  Scmlil.,  Rt-p.  Pronr.  (Um.I.  Siirv.  C'liu.,  l^'7(^-lHT7,  457-4.^8  (1878). 

The  remain^  of  this  species  consist  of  a  single  perfect  wing  and  the 
fragHKjnts  of  an  eye  whose  facets  are  0.01 05"""  in  diameter.  The  wing  is 
oval  and  regularly  rounded,  with  a  sonuiwhat  abrupt  inner  angle,  the  sur- 
face covered  witli  microscopic  hairs.  Judging  from  Winnertz's  descriptions 
this  insect  must  be  more  nearly  allied  to  S.  ungulata  Winn,  than  to  any 


DIPTERA— MYCBTOPniLIDiE. 


687 


other  of  the  numerous  species  mentioned  in  his  monograph  of  the  group. 
The  costal  and  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins,  tojjether  with  the  cross- 
veins  uniting  the  two  latter,  are  much  heavier  and  darker  than  the  other 
veins  of  the  wing ;  the  veins  near  the  cent(5r  of  the  wing  and  from  there 
toward  the  base  are  more  delicate  and  fainter  than  elsewhere;  but  this 
perhaps  is  due  to  their  indifferent  preservation ;  the  costal   vein,  which 
scarcely  fails  of  reaching  the  tip  of  the  wing,  is  covered  with  fine  and  short 
spinous  hairs.     The  first  longitudinal  vein  strikes  the  middle  <  f  the  costal 
margin,  and  the  cross-vein  below  unites  it  at  the  middle  with  the  second 
longitudinal  vein ;    the  auxiliary  vein  is  very  obscure  though  broad  and 
scared)'  extends  more  than  half-way  to  the  cross-vein,  in  close  juxtaposi- 
tion to  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  the  transverse  shoulder  vein  is  equally 
faint,  oblique,  uniting  the  middle  of  the  auxiliary  vein  with  the  costal  mar- 
gin.    The  second  longitudinal  vein  is  strongly  bowed  and  extends  nearly 
to  the  tip  of  the  costal  vein.     Tlie  basal  undivided  part  of  the  third  longi- 
tudinal vein  is  straight,  originates  from  the  second  barely  beyond  the  tip  of 
the  auxiliary  vein,  and  forks  somewhat  abruptly  at  the  middle  of  its  course 
and  just  beyond   the  extremity  of  the  first   longitudinal    vein ;    shortly 
beyond  their  origin  the  forks  are  very  nearly  straight  and  quite  parallel  to 
the  tip,  the  upper  fork  striking  exactly  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  tips  of  the 
two  forks  and  of  the  second  longitudiuiil  vein  are  equidistant,  and  the  costal 
vein  terminates  midway  between  the  extremity  of  the  second  and  of  the 
upper  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  ti{)  of  the  fourth  is  slightly 
farther  from  that  of  the  lower  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  than  the 
separation  of  the  two  forks.     The  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  are 
straight  and  subparallel  at  base*,  beginning  to  diverge  where  they  bend 
downward,  just  beyond  the  middle,  the  tip  of  the  fourth  lying  about  mid- 
way between  that  of  the  iifth  and  the  lower  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal 
vein.     The   sixth    longitudinal   vein   is  rudimentary  and    very   indistinct, 
extending  less  than  a  (piarter-wav  toward  the  margin. 

Length  of  whig,  2.7;')""" ;  breadth,  1.25""". 

Quesnel,  Hritisli  Columbia.     One  specimen,  No.  44  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 


588 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


SCIARA   8C0PULI. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  10. 

A  little  slab  brought  home  by  Dr.  Puckiinl  has  two  flies  upon  it  in  close 
proximity,  one  preserved  on  a  dorsal,  the  other  on  a  lateral  aspect.  The 
venation  in  both  is  obscuire,  but  they  apparently  belong  to  the  Sciarina  at 
least.  The  head  is  rather  small,  the  antennu'  are  rather  coarse,  cylindrical, 
equal,  shorter  than  the  thorax.  Legs  very  long,  exceedingly  slender,  the 
tibia!  without  apical  thorns,  or  rather  without  conspicuous  thorns,  all  the 
legs  covered  with  excessively  delicate  aculil'orm  hairs.  Wings  with  only 
two  distinct  veins,  which  run  nearly  parallel,  not  far  fron.  the  front  border, 
and  the  second  of  which  terminates  a  little  above  the  middle  of  the  ti[),  and 
below  it  a  deeply  forked  vein,  apparently  nnich  as  in  Sciara  proper. 

Length  of  body,  3.2r»"""  ;  of  antenujc,  1""";  of  legs,  4.2r>"'"' ;  of  wings, 

Qmni 

Green  Itiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  2.     (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard) 


MYCETOPIIILA  Meigen. 


Mycetoi'iiila  occultata. 


i  I 


PI. .'},  Figs.  44, 45,  54, 5.5. 

Mywtophila  oociiUaia  Scudd.,  Bull.  IJ.  S.  Oeol.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  Ill,  "KJ  (1877). 

A  single  poorly  preserved  specimen  and  its  reverse  present  an  upper 
view  of  the  in.sect,  with  the  wings  folded  over  the  back,  the  legs  crowded 
together,  and  the  anteniuv  lying  beside  the  body.  The  antennie  are  about 
as  long  as  the  head  and  tlionix,  the  joints  scarcely  longer  than  broad, 
nearly  cylindrical,  scarcely  at  all  moniliform.  The  legs  are  comparatively 
slender,  hairy,  and  unarmed,  not  very  long.  The  character  of  the  venation 
shows  the  insect  t<t  Itelong  to  the  .Mycetopiiilida',  but  what  gtuius  is  repre- 
sented is  soMiewiiat  obscure  thr(»ugb  doul)t  of  the  exact  location  of  .some  of 
the  veins  :  neither  the  auxiliary  vein  nor  aiiv  of  the  basal  veins  ab(tve  it  can 
be  seen,  nor  can  the  axillary  be  traced;  judging  from  the  other  veins,  it  is 
probablv  allied  to  Mvcetophila,  although,  in  the  possible  presence  of  a 
second  cross-vein  uniting  the  cubital  vein  with  the  extremity  of  the  radial, 
it  should  be  referred  to  a  distinct  genus,  probably  allied  to   Kmplieria  aiul 


H 


DIPTBBA— MYOETOPHILIDiEJ. 


589 


Tetragoneura.  The  presence  of  a  such  a  vein  being-  doubtful,  we  have  pre- 
ferred to  point  out  its  affinity  tc»  Mycetopliihi.  The  radial  vein  ends  in  the 
middle  of  the  outer  two-thirds  of  the  costa,  and  at  its  tip  a  distinct  stigma, 
nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  occupies  tlie  space  between  the  radial 
and  costal  veins.  The  tip  of  the  wing  is  broken  on  one  specimen  and 
ob.?cured  on  the  otiier,  so  that  the  length  of  the  costal  vein  can  not  be  deter- 
mined, although  it  appears  to  extend  slightly  beyond  the  tip  of  the  cubital 
vein ;  the  cubital  is  cormected  by  the  cross- vein  to  the  radial  but  a  short 
distance  from  its  origin,  and  bends  but  little  upward  from  the  median  vein 
to  reach  it ;  the  middle  discal  vein,  on  the  contrary,  bends  downward  con- 
siderably, and  forks  at  a  distance  from  the  base,  less  than  half-way  from  the 
median  cross-vein  to  the  tip  of  the  radial  vein,  and  an  unusually  broad 
space  is  left  between  its  upi)er  branch  and  the  cubital  vein,  while  the  fork 
of  the  hind  vein  is  nearer  the  base  than  the  separation  of  the  cubital  from 
the  median  vein. 

Length  of  body,  3.r)""" ;  antennte,  l.l™"" ;  wings,  3.5™"' ;  tibia?  (of  fore 
legs  ?),  0.75""" ;  tarsi  (of  same  legs),  0.4""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  Uiver,  Colorado.    One  specimen.  (W.  Denton.) 

ANATELLA  Winnertz. 


Anatella  tacita. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  Vi. 

A  single  specimen  with  damaged  wings  is  referred  here.  The  antennre 
are  as  long  as  tlie  thorax,  slender,  equal,  (covered  with  line  short  hairs.  The 
legs  are  long  and  slender,  the  tarsi  apparently  longer  than  the  tibi.-c,  the 
latter  armed  apically  with  a  pair  of  exceedingly  long  unequal  spines,  and 
all  the  legs  tliickly  clotlied  with  rather  coarse  spinous  hairs.  Wings  dusky, 
the  venation  obscure,  but  apparently  as  in  Anatella,  there  being  no  sio-n  of 
any  auxiliary  vein  beyond  the  base,  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein 
apparently  short  and  the  fork  of  the  lower  a  little  further  out  than  that  of 
the  upper  discoidal  vein. 

Length  of  body,  4™"';  of  antennae,  1.5™"';  of  tarsi,  1.75"™;  of  wing 
(estimated),  3.2"'™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  14.  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard.) 


Ir 


590  TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

TRICHONTA  Winnortz. 

Tbiciionta  dawsoni. 

PI.  3,  Figs.  12, 13. 
IViokonia  datctoni  Scudd.,  Hop.  Ptogr.  Gool.  Siirv.  Can.,  1H7:,-I87<i,  U72  (1S77). 

A  very  well  preserved  though  fragnumtary  specimen  must  unquestioii 
ably  be  referred  to  this  g'emis,  and  is  named  for  its  discoverer,  ''^he  greater 
part  of  one  wing,  the  basal  half  of  the  other,  including  between  them  all 
the  characteristic  parts  of  the  neuratioi',  with  crushed  fragments  of  the  thorax 
and  abdomen,  make  up  the  remains  of  the  creature.  The  veins  of  the  wing 
are  black,  especially  the  upper  ones,  which  are  heavily  marked ;  the  wing 
is  covered  with  micrt)scopic  hairs,  and  slightly  infuscated  throughout,  but 
on  the  apical  (juarter  becomes  dark  fuliginous.  Tiie  neuration  agrees  in 
every  particular,  to  the  miiuitest  degree,  with  the  figure  of  Trichonta  given 
by  Winnertz,  excepting  that  the  iifth  longitudinal  vein  forks  ccmsiderably 
nearer  the  base,  and  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  extends  farther  into  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing. 

Estimated  length  of  wing,  4.75™'" ;  breadth  of  same,  1.85""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  G  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

RYMOSIA  Winnertz. 

RyMOSIA   8TKANGULATA. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  2. 

A  single  specimen  in  which  most  of  the  legs  and  one  wing,  of  winch 
the  apex  is  lost,  is  all  that  remains  of  this  species.  Unfortunately  the  draw- 
ing is  incorrect  in  two  particulars:  iIk?  transverse  median  vein  which  is  at 
about  the  middle  of  the  fragment,  and  is  very  obscurely  pioserved,  is  not 
given  ;  and  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein  is  scarcely  half  so  hwig  as 
represented,  although  the  fork  of  the  lower  discoidal  vein  is  still  nearer  the 
base.  The  cubital  vein,  which  nuist  terminate  rather  far  above  the  apex  of 
the  wing,  is  not  in  the  least  bent  at  the  transverse  median  vein.  The  legs 
are  hairy  and  tolerably  well  thougii  delicately  spined. 

Probal)lt'  length  of  wing,  3"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  11  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


DIPTEKA— MYCETOPHlLIDiB.  591 

BRACHYPEZA  Winnertz. 

Brachypeza  abita. 

rj.  3,  Figs.  7,  8. 

}irachype:a  abita  Sciuld.,  Rop.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  271-372  (18T7). 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  in 
which  tlie  wings  and  an  obscure  and  detached  fragment  of  the  abdomen  are 
present.  Tlie  wing  appears  to  be  devoid  of  markings.  The  auxiHary  vein 
does  not  fixirly  impinge  upon  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  but  bends  toward  it 
and  then  vanishes ;  in  other  respects  the  neuration  of  the  base  of  the  wing 
is  precisely  as  figured  by  Winnertz  for  Brachypeza ;  so,  too,  are  the  origin, 
course,  and  position  of  all  the  principal  veins  and  the  cross-vein,  but  th^ 
branches  of  tlie  fiftli  longitudinal  vein  unite  perhaps  a  little  farther  from  the 
base,  viz :  scarcely  nearer  the  base  than  the  point  of  separation  of  the  united 
third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  from  the  second ;  the  sixth  longitudinal 
vein  is  perfectly  straight,  and  terminates  quite  as  far  from  the  base  of  the 
wing  as  the  small  transverse  vein ;  the  anal  vein  is  regularly  curved,  about 
as  long  as  the  sixtli  longitudinal  vein,  runs  parallel  to  the  border  beside  it, 
and  terminates  on  the  lower  margin. 

Length  of  wing,  4"'"  ;  breadth  of  same,  1.3/)""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  3  and  16  (Dr.  G.  M. 
Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

Brachypeza  pkocera. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  U. 

lirachijpcza proccra  Scadd.,  Rop.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-1870,  272  (1877). 

The  single  specimen  of  this  species  is  in  a  very  fair  state  of  preservation, 
almost  the  entire  neuration  of  the  wings  being  preserved,  m  well  as  frag- 
inents  of  the  body  and  other  appendages.  The  wings  are  fuliginous,  more 
deeply  next  the  costal  border.  The  neuration  of  the  extreme  base  is  lost, 
and  the  remainder  differs  from  that  of  B.  abita  only  in  the  lower  half  of 
the  wing;  the  branches  of  the  lifth  longitudinal  vein  unite  nearer  the  base 
than  in  that  species,  resembling,  hi  tliis  respect,  the  illustration  of  Brachypeza 
given  by  Winnertz ;  the  lower  branch  curves  strongly  toward  the  tip,  diverg- 
ing unusually  from  the  upper  branch ;  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  is  straight, 


;  1 


Ill 


592 


TEllTIAIiY  INSECTS  OP  NOBTO  AMEKICA. 


■ 


I 


and  runs  far  past  the  forking  of  the  fifth  vein,  fully  two-thirds  the  way  to 
the  margin  of  the  wing ;  the  anal  vein  curves  but  gently,  and  appears  to 
vanish  before  reaching  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  wing,  3.5""";  breadtli  of  same,  l.S"""'. 

Quesnol,  British  Columbia.  One  8i)ecimen,  No.  4  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

GNOUISTE  Meigen. 

GnOKISTE    DKNTONI. 

I'l.  5,  Figs.  (>,  7. 

Onorisledentoni  Houdd.,  Hull.  'I.  S.  (ieiil.  (Joogr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  Ill,  7r>,'(  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  a  little  broken,  but  otherwise  in  g<K>d  preservation. 
The  head  and  thorax  are  nearly  black,  the  abdomen  dark  fusco-castaneous. 
I^egs  and  base  of  antenna*  fuscous.  Wings  iiitlier  narrower  at  tip  than  in 
[lie  European  G.  apicalis  llotfni.,  hyaline,  covered  with  inicro.scopic  hairs, 
with  a  very  slight  and  increasing  infuscatioii  toward  the  apex,  the  veins 
testaceous,  the  co.st^d  and  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  much  heavier 
than  the  others,  ami  the  fifth  loiigitudinal  vein  with  its  lower  fork  scarcely 
heavier  than  the  veins  abcmt  it.  Tiie  extreme  tip  of  both  wings  is  broken, 
so  that  the  extent  of  the  costal  vein  can  not  be  seen ;  but,  in  the  approach 
of  the  proximal  end  of  tlie  fork  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  to  the  root  of 
the  wing,  the  species  agrees  with  the  American  G.  megarhina  O.  S.  more 
than  with  the  Kun»pean  species  mentioned,  for  it  lies  scarcely  farther  from 
the  base  tlian  the  transver.se  vein  connecting  the  first  ami  second  longitudinal 
veins,  and  slightly  nearer  than  the  sc|»aration  of  the  third  and  fourtli  longi- 
tiulinal  veins  ( )nly  the  ba.sal  four  joints  of  the  antenme  are  preserved; 
the  basal  joint  is  obconic,  broadly  nMinded  at  the  apex,  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  broad,  the  other  three  cylindrical,  the  .seccmd  nearly  half  as  long  again 
as  broad,  the  thinl  and  fourth  less  tlian  a  third  longer  than  broad.  The 
legs  are  profusely  covered  with  liairs,  but  the  hinder  pair  appear  to  be 
sj)ineles8,  except  at  the  apex  of  the  tibia  an<l  of  each  tarsal  joint,  where  there 
are  three  or  four  slender  and  rather  short  spines;  the  claws  are  very  small 
and  delicate,  strongly  curved  and  delicately  pointed;  the  short  tibia':  of  the 
front  legs,  however,  have  at  least  a  single  row  of  tine,  distant  spines  on  the 
upper  (?)  edge. 


:,  i !  i^  1^ 


DIl'TEKA— MYCETOlMlLIDiE. 


698 


Lengftli  of  body,  4.4"'"' ;  first  joint  of  antennae,  0.2"'"' ;  second  joint, 
0.125"'"' ;  third  and  fourth  joints  e;\cli,  0.1 1""" ;  wings,  4.5"'" ;  middle  (?)  tarsi, 
2.2"'"';  first  joint  of  same,  1.1""";  second,  0.4.V'"" ;  third,  0.28"'"';  fourth, 
0.2"'"';  fifth,  0.17""";  claws,  0.038™"'. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

BOI.ETINA  Stager. 

BOLETINA   SEPULTA. 

PI.  3,  Fig.  9. 

BoteUna  nepiilla  Scnrtd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Oeol.  Siirv.  Can.,  187.5-1870,  871  (1877). 

A  fragment  of  a  single  wing  and  a  portion  of  the  abdomen  represent 
this  species.  It  is  accompanied  by  l*i>npla  dccessa.  The  wing  is  moder- 
ately broad,  and  faintly  fuliginous;  the  costal,  auxiliary,  and  first  and 
second  longitudinal  veins  are  heavily  impressed,  broad,  black,  and  devoid 
of  the  microscopic  hairs  which  uniforn)ly  cover  the  membrane  of  the  wing 
and  the  other  veins ;  these  latter  are  faintly  impressed,  slender,  and  testa- 
ceous. The  co.stal  vein  is  bristly;  the  base  of  the  wing  is  *>  oken,  so  that 
only  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  can  be  seen,  wliicii  terminates  on  the  costal 
margin  scarcely  before  the  small  transverse  vein;  the  latter  is  conspicuously 
oblique,  directed  from  above,  downwaid  and  outward ;  the  first  and  second 
longitudinal  veins  are  pretty  strongly  curved  downward  at  tip ;  the  veins 
below  these  *'ork  a  little  farther  out  than  in  the  ocheme  of  Holetina,  as 
figured  ])y  Winnertz,  and  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  terminates  just  beyond 
the  junction  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins. 

Length  of  fragment,  3.75'"'";  estimated  length  of  wing,  6""';  breadth  of 
wing,  2.15"'"'. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  O*"  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

lioLE'riNA    UMRRATICA. 


PI.  10,  Fig.  X 

From  the  size  of  the  abdomen,  the  single  specimen  known  seems  to  be 

a  female      A  fragment  of  one  antenna  is  preserved  together  with  parts  of 

the  legs,  especially  of  the  tibiic,  which  are  very  delicately  spined,  though 

no  apical  spurs  are  seen.     The  hind  tarsi  of  one  side  are  also  preserved 

VOL  XIII 3S 


604 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OK  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


■■:.    1} 


i     ?     I- 


i       ? 


I  ; 


aixl  are  t'(|iial  in  IcMi^tli  to  the  tarai.  The  win^H  sliow  iiiimt  of  the  iieum- 
tioii.  .  The  auxiliary  vein  teriniriatea  on  tlie  costa  before  the  middle  of  the 
winjf  opposite  the  traiiHverse  median  vein.  The  radius  ternnnates  soii.e 
distance  and  tl>e  cubitus  slightly  before  the  tip  of  the  vviiiff.  The  uj  per 
discoidal  vein  forks  about  one  «iuarter  way  to  the  margin,  and  the  lower 
discoidal  before  the  origin  of  the  uj»per  discoidal  vein. 

Length  of  lody,  3.5"'"';  of  wings,  2.r»'''"';  breadth  of  same,  1.1"'"':  length 
of  hind  tibia',  l.f)""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  37  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

•  BOLETINA   PALL'UIVAOA. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  7. 

The  venation  ia  not  correctly  drawn,  the  auxiliary  vein  v. hich  reaches 
nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  wing  not  being  shown;  the  radius  should  curve 
upward  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  be  connected  with  the  cubital  just 
j)revious  to  this  curve ;  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein  is  short.  The 
legs  are  moderately  stout  but  long,  densely  clothed  with  delicate  hairs,  the 
tibia'  with  long  apical  thorns. 

Length  of  body,  2.r) "'"' ;  of  wings,  2.2;7""';  of  tarsi,  1.35"'"'. 

Green    River,   Wyoming.      Two   specimens,    Nos.   5,  40  (Dr.    A.  S. 

Packard). 

SACKKNIA  Scudder. 

Saikntia  Scndd.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Gii.l.  Oiogr.  Siiiv.  T«-ir.,  Ill,  7.'i;t-7.'i4  (1»77). 

Body  shaped  nuich  as  in  Boletina.  Antenna'  longer  than  the  thorax, 
one-fourtli  slenderer  at  the  si\)ex  than  near  the  base,  gently  curved,  2-|- 14- 
jointed.  Legs  very  long  and  slender;  femora  and  tibia'  of  about  equal 
length;  tarsi  a  little  longer  than  the  tibia;  tlu*  hind  tibia  and  tarsi  together 
a  little  longer  than  the  abdomen;  the  tibia  with  one  or  two  apical  spurs 
beneath  and  spined  throughout.  Wings  rather  broad  ovate;  the  smaller  veins 
at  the  extreme  base  obliterated  in  the  specimen  examined;  auxiliary  vein  ter- 
minating on  the  costa  beyond  the  end  of  the  basal  third,  the  first  longitudi- 
nal vein  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  half;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is 
unusually  curved  downward  at  the  tip,  so  as  almost  to  reach  the  apex  of 
the  wing;  the  united  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  j»art  from  the  sec- 
ond very  near  the  ba.se  of  the  wing  or  within  the  small  transverse  vein ; 


I  ! 


DII'TKUA— MYCETOPH1LIDJ5. 


595 


thoy  divide  near  the  center  of  the  wing,  and  the  (iftliand  sixth  longitudinal 
m  near  the  1>aHe  an  tlie  third  and  fourth;  the  mxth  h>ngitudinal  vein  in 
straight,  and  appears  to  readi  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

The  genus  resenibhjs  Holetina  more  than  any  of  the  genera  figured  by 
Winnertz,  hut  differs  strilvingly  from  it  in  the  approximation  to  tlie  base  of 
the  forking  of  the  third  aiul  fourtii,  and  of  the  fifth  and  sixtli  longitudinal 
veins.  In  this  particular  it  closely  resembles  the  Sciarimi,  but  on  the  other 
hand  differs  frtnn  them  to  a  greater  degree  in  the  length  of  the  auxiliary 
and  first  longitudinal  veins,  and  in  that  the  former  reaches  the  costa.  The 
c(»stal  vein  does  not  iinj)ear  to  pass  beyond  tJie  tij)  of  the  second  hmgi- 
tudinal  vein,  but  this  point  is  obscure. 

I  have  dedicated  this  genus  to  the  distinguished  dij)terologist,  Uaron 
Osten  Sacken,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  many  suggestions  in  the  deter- 
mination of  the.se  fossils. 

Sackknia  arcuata. 

PI.  5,  Fig8.  3,  4,  13,  13. 

Sackeiiia  arcuata  Sciiild.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oedl.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Ton-.,  lit,  7:>4-75.'>  (1877) ;    in  Zittel.  Hautlb.  d. 

Piiliwmt.,  I,  ii,  811,  Fig.  lOHH  (IHf^'i). 

This  species  is  represented  in  part  by  a  female  specimen,  more  than 
usually  well  preserved.  The  body  is  pale  testaceous;  the  wings  wholly 
hyaline,  but  the  veins  faint  testaceous;  the  antenna!  are  a  little  longer  than 
the  head  and  thorax  together,  very  slender,  of  the  color  of  tli«  thorax ;  the 
basal  joints  are  subglobular,  slightly  broader  than  long,  the  remainder  twice 
as  long  as  broad,  and  beyond  the  middle  of  the  antennae  slightly  monili- 
form.  In  the  wings,  the  ba.se  of  the  hinder  coll,  using  Winnertz's  terminology, 
lies  within  the  base  of  the  upper  discal  cell,  both  being  nearer  the  base  of 
the  wing  than  the  middle  transverse  vein,  while  the  ba.se  of  the  middle  dis- 
cal cell  is  far  outside  of  either  of  thoie,  near  the  center  of  the  wing.  The 
costal  vein  appears  to  terminate  where  tiie  cubital  reaches  the  margin,  and 
the  axillary  vein  nearly  or  (juite  reaches  the  border.  The  legs  are  partly 
detached,  and  the  ))asal  portion  of  the  front  pair  <d>scure,  but  it  looks  as 
liiough  the  front  tarsi  wero  about  three  times  as  long  as  the  front  tibi;«, 
which  is  hardly  probable 

Length  of  body,  r).(^.^""'' ;  antenupe,  2""" ;  wings,  4.2.')'""';  hind  femora, 
.'5""";  hindtibi:y,  2'"'";  hind  tarsi,  2.4""";  fore  tarsi,  2""". 


an 


I 


596 


THUTIAUV  IN8KUT8  OF  NOKTU  AMKKICA. 


tic 


A  rtocond  Hperinion  of  tlio  HUiiie  «|KH'i«H  Ih  Hiiniliirly  prosorvcd,  hut 
ks  the  winiTH.      Tin*  l«'ir«,  liowover,  iiiv  better  Dreservcd,  and  show  u 


l> 


pair  of  apical  spurs  to  the  til)iii'.  The  aiiteniiie  are  imperfect,  hut  the  pro- 
boscis is  seen.  'I'he  leiijrtli  of  the  curved  hody  is  a  littK)  more  than  ftj}""". 
The  Icffs  are  th'tached  and  «-onfused,  s(»  that  it  is  impossible  to  se|)arate  the 
ujiddle  and  hind  leffs;  one  lejjf  (a  front  leg,  to  judge  from  its  length)  has  the 
following  measiu'ements:  fenmr  I.'i"'"',  tibia,  1.4'""',  tarsi  1.7""";  another 
(probably  a  hind  leg):  femur  2.1  (f)""",  tibia  •_'.iiV""',  tarsi  1.7f»'"'":  another 
(probably  the  opposite  »»f  the  same):  tibia  "2.26""",  tarsi  l.To'""'.  Appar- 
ently, all  the  tarsi  are  broken.  The  tibial  spines,  both  in  this  and  the  Hrst- 
mentioned  specimen  are  delicate,  and  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  as  the 
thickness  of  the  tibia'. 


CI 


ia<rnn 


Vail 


ey. 


White    Uivtr,    Colorado.      Two    speci 


pecunens. 


(W, 


Denton.) 


Sackknia  f  sp. 


PI.    5.    Fijr.    50. 

Another  and  far  smaller  species  of  Sackenia  seems  to  be  indicated  by 
the  imperfect  tntgmen,  of  a  wing  and  an  »d)scure  body.  The  third  longi- 
tiulinal  vein  is  wrongly  drawn  as  if  united  to  the  second  instead  of  to  the 
fourth.  'I'he  coimiion  stem  of  the  latter  is  joined  t(t  the  second  very  shortly 
before  their  union,  this  being  etfected  nearer  the  l)ase  of  tiie  wing  than  in 
S.  arcuata. 

Length  of  body.  2 :   |)rol)able  length  (»f  wing.  l.fi""". 

Fossil  Canon,  White  Kiver,  Utah.  One  specimen,  No.  33'  (W.  Den- 
ton). 

Sackenia  sp. 

Sarkenia  up.  .Somld..  Hull.  l".  S.  (ifol.  OcoKr.  Surv.  Terr..  IV,  T.'>n  i\H'H). 

A  specimen  of  Mr.  Richardson's  collection  re|)resents  a  species  of 
.Mycetnphi!id;e  apparently  belonging  to  this  genus,  so  far  as  can  bo  deter- 
mined. It  clo.sely  resembles  Sackenia arcinita  from  the  White  Kiver  shales, 
but  differs  from  it  in  its  smaller  size  and  in  possessing  a  proportionally 
larger  and  m(»re  arched  thorax  :  the  legs  also  appear  to  be  shorter,  liesides 
the  bodv  and  (indistinctly)  the  antenuie  and  legs,  oidy  the  upper  portions  of 
the  wind's  remain,  consisting  of  the  costal  maririn  and  first  and  .second  longi- 


Dll'TKKA— MYCKTOPHILID.K. 


597 


tiuliiml  voinw,  with  tlio  rroHH-voin  unitiii},'  thorn ;  thcHO  wholly  agree  with 
the  Hiiine  t'eiitureH  in  S.  lu'cuuta,  oxceptin^r  that  the  Hecond  Inngitiuliinil  vein 
terminates  a  little  higher  up. 

Length  of  body,  ;?.7r)""'' ;  of  wings,  2.9""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  speeimen,  No.  7  (F.  C  A.  Kichard»on). 

ANACLINIA  VVinnertz. 

Anaclinia  J  wp. 
PI.  0,  FiR.  V2. 

Another  Hpecimen  undoubtedly  to  be  referred  to  the  Mycotoi)hilida>  i» 
figured  in  PI.  9,  Fig.  \'2,  but  tiio  fragment  of  the  wing  preserved  is  so 
obscured  by  the  overlying  legs  that  a  nearer  determination  is  impossible. 
It  seems,  however,  to  fall  in  the  neigliborlu^od  of  Anaclinia  or  Gnoriste,  but 
the  weaker  parts  of  tiie  neuration  and  the  origin  of  the  veins  are  so  obseure 
that  no  closer  determination  can  be  made.  The  hrst  longitudinal  vein  is 
longer  than  usual,  reaching  to  Ijeyond  the  tip  of  the  wing,  and  the  termina- 
tion of  the  .second  is  about  midwav  between  that  of  the  first  and  that  of  the 
third.  The  antenna'  are  moderatelv  slender,  about  as  lony  as  the  thorax 
with  cylindrical  joints  about  twice  as  long  as  broad. 

Length  of  body,  2.G""" ;  wing,  '2 A""". 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  <JG  (Prof.  Leslie  A.  Lee). 

SCIOPIIILA  Meigen. 

SCIOPHILA    HYATTII. 
PI.  10,   Fig.  C. 

Some  fragments  of  legs  and  one  wing  are  all  that  remain  of  the  single 
specimen  of  this  species.  Most  of  the  neuration  of  the  wing,  and  especial!  v 
of  the  more  important  portions,  can  be  made  out,  but  an  error  occurs  in  the 
drawing,  in  the  omission  of  the  brachial  vein,  characteristic  of  this  group 
of  Mycetophilidiu.  The  species  is  peculiar  in  that  the  auxiliary  vein  bends 
downward  and  terminates  on  the  radius  above  the  middle  cell,  showing  no 
branch  to  the  costa.  The  radius  terminates  far  out  toward  the  tip  of  the 
win<;.  The  middle  cell  is  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  cubitus 
term--  ates  at  the  extreuie  wing-tip;  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein  is 


I 


m 


!  I 


598 


TKIITIAUY  IN8KCT8  OP  NOUTII  AMKUK^A. 


ghort,  not  nioro  than  liiilf  m  loii);  uh  \ho  inidillo  coll  (lioro  ii}>'aiii  tliu  platu 
JH  iiia('(Mii-ato)i  iiixl  tlio  lower  «liM(H)i<lal  vein  forkH,  apparuiitly,  iKfforo  tlio 
bano  of  tho  upper  diMcoidal  Htalk,  hut  this  point  in  ohHcure;  tho  hrovity  of 
the  lattor  \h  rcniarkahlo  for  a  Sc^iophila. 

Lt'M^rth  of  will},'  (eHtiniattul),  5/)' ;  hreadth,  2""". 

Named  for  my  leariiod  friend  and  comrade,  IVof  Alpheun  Hyatt,  of 
Cand)ridyft. 

(ireen  River,  Wytuninjf.     One  Hpecimen,  No.  !>!>  (Prof  ii.  A.  Leo). 

niADOCIDIA  Kuthi^. 

DiADOCIDIA  f    TEKKICOKA. 

PI.  10,  FiKH.  10,  II. 

niaiUiriiliaf  lerricola  S.iiilil.,  Hull.  V.  H.  OboI.  (J.toKr.  Siirv.  Terr.  IV,  7.'.0  (1H7H). 

This  species  is  founded  upon  a  sinj^le  wiiijf  found  hy  Mr.  Richardson, 
diU'erin^f  to  such  a  de<f ree  from  Diadocidia  that  I  place  it  here  only  because 
the  only  other  reasonable  course  would  be  to  refer  it  tt»  a  ncnv  fjenus,  which 
would  necessarily  be  conjectural,  from  the  imperfection  of  the  fragnuiiit. 
If  a  transverse  vein  exists  iu  the  middle  of  tho  winj^,  it  must  unite  the 
fourth  lon<;itudinal  vein  with  the  second,  and  not,  as  in  Diadocidia,  with  tho 
third.  The  vf\i\<f  itself  is  shapcMl  nuich  as  in  Diadocidia,  and,  at  least  near 
its  costal  border,  is  covered  with  i'luv  hairs  arranj^ed  in  rows  parallel  to  tho 
cour.se  of  the  neijfhboriu};  veins ;  one  of  these  rows  in  the  co.stal  cell  is  so 
distinct  as  to  appear  like  a  vein  parallel  to  and  lyin<j^  within  the  auxiliary 
vein.  The  auxiliary  vein  terminates  in  the  costal  margin  far  beyond  tho 
middle  of  the  win<»',  a  feature  apparently  unknown  in  Mycetophilichv ;  tho 
first  lon<ritudinal  vein  terminates  only  a  littU  farther  beyond,  and  as  in 
Diadocidia  there  i.s  no  transverse  vein  connec(in<f  them ;  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  terminates  a  little  above  the  apex  of  the  win};.  cin"vin<r  (h)wn- 
ward  at  its  extremity  and  apparently  surpa.ssed  a  little  by  the  mar<rinal 
vein ;  the  third  lonr^itudinal  vein  originates  from  the  second  at  only  a  short 
distaiK^e  before  the  mifldle  of  the  wing,  and  soon  forks,  or  at  about  the 
middle  of  the  wing;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  perhaps  connected  with 
the  second  at  the  point  where  it  parts  with  the  first  by  a  cro.ss-vein  perpen- 
dicidar  to  the  costal  margin;  at  least,  it  is  elbowed  at  this  point,  its  basal 
portion  running  parallel  to  the  costal  margin  to  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein, 


ll  !     > 


DirTHttA-MYCKTOPIIILlDvK. 


5U1) 


wliidi,  Ixtyotul  thii4  point,  Iiiih  u  )j;ontlo  HiniiouH  cotirHu,  and  ilivoi'ffOH  nitlior 
Htrotij^Iy  from  tliu  fourth ;  tlie  mxtli  vuiii  ciui  not  bo  trtiooil,  iiltliou^li  tliu 
axillary  Hold  itt  broatl,  vory  inutili  aH  in  Diadocidia,  and  tliu  inner  niarjrin 
diHtinct 

IVohablo  length  of  winjr,  :16 ;  its  broadth,  1.45"'"'. 

Oreon  Uivor,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  126  (F.  C.  A.  Uieh- 
ardson). 

MYCETopiiiLin.f,  spp. 

ri.  10,  FiR.  13. 

HoniW.,  null.  U.  H.  Qeol,  Oeogr.  «iirv.  Terr.,  IV,  750-751  (1878). 

Throe  otliei  Hpories  of  Mycotophilidic  occur  among  tho  HpecimouH  col- 
lected by  Mr.  Bowditch  and  myself  at  Groon  River,  Wyoming,  but  they 
are  indeterminable  from  their  fragmentary  condition.  One  of  them,  No. 
41.'J4  (1*1.  10,  Fig.  12),  has  indeed  the  remnant  of  a  wing,  but  the  portion 
of  tho  venation  preserved  is  only  sufticiently  characteristic  to  eiuible  us  to 
judge  that  it  belongs  in  this  family  The  thorax  is  strongly  arched,  and  tho 
full  and  tapering  abdomen  indicates  a  female.     Tiie  head  is  gone. 

The  thorax  and  abdomen  are  'M)"""  long,  and  the  wing  probably 
3"'"'  long. 

Another  of  them,  from  the  same  place,  No.  4114,  has  a  portion  of  the 
base  of  a  wing  in  which  the  forking  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  longitudinal 
veins  is  very  close  to  the  base,  as  in  Sackenia,  but  nothing  more  can  be 
said  c(»ncerning  it;  the  thorax  is  very  globular  aiul  the  abdomen  short. 

Length  of  thorax  and  abdomen,  3.65""". 

The  third  species  is  ropresented  by  two  specimens  on  one  stone  (No. 
4205)  which  came  from  the  high  buttes  opposite  Green  Rivcsr  Station,  and 
is  the  only  fly  which  had  the  slightest  value  found  in  four  days'  search  at 
that  spot.  One  of  tho  specimens  is  a  j)upa  and  tho  other  an  imago,  appar- 
ently of  tho  same  species  and  distinct  from  either  of  the  preceding,  with  a 
longer  thorax  and  slenderer  abiloinen,  provided  with  largo  ovate  anal  lob(;s. 

Length  of  thorax  and  abdomen,  S""". 


«00 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I  ( 


Family  CECIDOMYID^  Westwood. 

LASIOPTERA  Meigen. 

Lasioptera  kecessa. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  29-31. 

TMnioptera  recnta  Scmlil.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Googr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IIF,  745-740  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  of  a  minute  fly,  with  the  antenna*  perfect,  the  body 
preserved  on  a  side  view,  with  j)arts  of  the  legs  and  the  wings  folded 
together  over  the  back,  raised  from  the  body.  The  head  is  moderately 
large  and  appears  to  be  a  little  narrower  than  the  thorax.  The  antenna} 
show  fourteen  joints,  without  counting  the  basal  joint,  and  perhaps  one  or 
two  more  next  the  base,  where  the  antennje  are  parted ;  the  joints  are  sub- 
monilifonn,  slightly  broader  than  long,  subequal ;  the  last  joint  subconical, 
twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  wiiigs  show  a  ])rincipal  vein,  which  strikes 
the  costa  about  the  middle,  and  ap|)arently  another,  striking  the  costa  half- 
way between  tliis  and  the  tip,  a  feature  which  does  not  accord  with  the 
structure  of  the  Cecidomyidic  generally  ;  but  the  wing  at  this  point  is  very 
obscure,  so  that  the  appearance  may  be  accidental.  The  legs  are  apjjar- 
ently  about  as  long  as  the  Ijod}'  and  rather  slender. 

Length  of  body,  1.4""";  of  antennjv,  ().«)"'"';   wings,  1""". 

Wliite  River,  near  the  Colorado- Utah  boundary.  One  specimen.  (W. 
Denton.) 

UTIIOMYZA  Scudder(A/0.>?,  /iii^^Gj). 

f.ilhomyza  .><ciiii(l.,  Bull.  V.  S,  Gaid.  GiMigr  Siirv.  Torr.,  Ill,  740  (1H77). 

Ocelli  present.  Antenna-  nine-jointed,  scarcely  longer  than  the  tnorax, 
the  lirst  joint  cylindrical,  the  remainder  submoniliform,  ovate,  about  twice 
as  long  as  broad,  minutely  and  sparsely  pubescent.  Wings  resembling 
those  of  Anurete  in  nyuration,  but  differing  considerably  in  .shape,  being 
broadest  beyond  the  middle  and  tapering  toward  the  base.  The  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  extends  Ijeyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  ;  the  auxiliary  vein  runs 
close  beside  the  first  l(Migitudinal  vein,  but  only  half  as  far,  terminating 
independently ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  extends  to  the  tip  of  the  wing, 
curving  downward  in  the  distal  part  of  its  course  ;  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  forks  as  in  Anarete,  but  the  indepemh'Ut  or  fourth  longitudinal  vein 


j 


DIPTERA— CECrDOMYID^. 


601 


beneath  it  in  Anarete  is  absent  from  Lithomyza.     The  tibiaj  are  destitute  of 
spurs,  but  furnished  with  a  posterior  row  of  slight,  recumbent  spines. 

Lithomyza  condita. 
PI.  5,  Pigs.  34-36. 

Lithomyza  condita  Somld.,  Bull.  U.  S.Geol.  Geogr.  S.irv.  Terr.,  Ill,  746(1877);  in  Zittel,  Handb.  d. 

Palii^ont.  I,  ii,  8ia,  Fir.  1089  (1H85). 

Represented  by  a  single  specimen  in  an  unusually  perfect  condition, 
although  somewhat  indistinct.  The  joints  of  the  aut'^niuB  are  difficult  to 
determine,  but  with  little  doubt  are  nine  in  number ;  although  short,  they 
are  not  so  abbreviated  as  in  Anarete,  the  joints  being  twice  as  long  as 
broad ;  toward  the  tip,  they  grow  smaller.  Tiie  legs  are  long  and  bristly. 
The  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  at  the  center  of  tlie  wino-.  and 
nearer  the  base  than  the  extremity  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein.  There  is 
a  faint  indication  of  a  transverse  vein  between  tlia  first  and  second  longi- 
tudinal veins,  about  midway  between  the  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
and  its  separation  from  the  second.  There  u.  also  a  faint  and  very  doubt- 
tul  indication  of  an  oblique  cross-vein  just  beyond  the  transverse  vein  men- 
tioned, running  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein  to  tiie  costa. 

Lengtii  of  body,  2.7""";  of  antenna;,  0.75""";  of  wings,  2"'"';  fore  legs, 
0.7(f)""";  middle  legs,  2""";  hind  lo-s,  2.4"'"' ;  hind  tibia;,  0.56"'"';  hind 
tarsi,  1.28""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.   One  specimen.  (W.  Denton.) 


LEPIDOPTERA   Linn^. 

No  Lepidoptera  liave  as  yet  been  found  in  the  American  Tertiariea, 
excepting  at  Florissant.  Tl»e  buttei'flies  have  been  described  in  tlie  Eightli 
Annual  Rejjort  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  and  the  heterocerous  mem- 
bers will  be  discussed  at  another  time.  Here  there  is  place  only  for  the 
single  species  accidentally  figured  with  the  Trlchoptera. 


Family  TINEID^^l   Leach. 

Tineid.T  are  not  rare  in  amber,  Menge  having  in  his  collection  sixty- 
nine  specimens,  of  which  one  was  a  caterpillar  and  two  were  pupje,  but  they 
have  not  been  studied.  Graveidiorst  also  nientions  a  Tinea  in  amber,  and 
Presl  describes  one  species.  Germar  long  ago  figured  a  large  Ypsolophus 
from  the  Rhenish  brown  coal,  and  Heyden  from  the  same  beds  figures  the 
larval  mine  of  a  Nepticula.  Finally,  Kawall  described  a  Tineites  from 
"  liergkrystall  "  tat  Ufalei  in  Siberia.  The  single  species  here  found  may 
be  referred,  at  least  provisionally,  to  Psecadia,  and  though  smaller  than 
Germar's  Ypsolophus,  is  a  large  insect  (for  this  fiimily),  rcseuibles  it  not  a 
little,  belongs  to  the  sauje  group,  and  is  remarkably  pre^^erved. 

PSKCADIA  Ililbner. 

To  this  group  I  temi)orarily  refer  a  remarkably  well  preserved  moth, 
which  may  very  properly  be  better  relegated  to  a  distinct  genus,  on 
account,  in  part,  of  the  brevity  of  the  first  antennal  joint.  Its  close  rela- 
tionship to  Psecadia  and  I)epres.saria  can  hardly  be  contested,  though  the 
neuration  can  not  be  traced.  It  is  a  large  tiiu'id,  like  those  of  these  two 
groups,  and  it  is  tolerably  plain  that  Geruiar's  Yp-solophus  insigiiis  is  nearly 
related ;  an  interesting  fact,  since  the  single  fossil  species  of  Tineidaj 
fairly  known  in  Ktirope  is  thus  found  to  be  closely  related  to  the  single 

species  known  in  America. 
eo2 


LEPIDOPTERA— TINEID^. 


603 


PSECADIA   MOETUELLA. 


PI.  16,  Figs.  12, 17. 

A  single  specimen  has  been  found  with  its  reverse.     The  insect  is  pre- 
served lying  upon  its  side,  iind  though  the  neuration  can  not  be  seen  from 
the  wing  having  been  heavily  scaled,  the  whole  of  the  antenna)  and  most 
of  the  palpi,  toiig^io,  and  legs  are  well  preserved.     The  palpi  are  closely 
recurved  over  the  head,  the  middle  joint  apparently  of  about  the  same 
length  as  the  apical  joint,  comj)act  but  heavily  clothed,  appressed  to  the 
front,  reaching  the  sunnnit  of  the  eye,  the  apical  joint  very  slender  and 
pointed,  directed  at  last  backward,  reaching  the  back  of  the  head     Antennae 
fully  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  wings,  slender,  naked,  gently  tapering,  the 
basal  joint  stout,  rounded  apically,  not  over  twice  as  long  as  broad,  the 
succeeding  joints  uniformly  cylindrical,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  trans- 
versely sulcate  in  the  middle,  as  if  made  of  two  subjoints,  relatively  a  little 
longer  near  the  middle  of  the  antennfK  than  at  the  two  extremities,  the  sec- 
ond joint  three-fourths  the  diameter  of  the  first  and  only  as  h)ng  as  broad. 
Tongue  at  least  as  long  as  the  middle  femora,  with  no  sign  of  squamation 
at  the  base  anteriorly.     Wings  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  apex 
roundly  but  acutely  angulate,  all  heavily  squaniate.     It  is  difficult  to  make 
out  what  the  markings  may  have  been,  but  it  would  appear  that  the  wings 
were  grizzly  with  an  intvM'rupted  series  of  small  darker  spots  along  the 
proximal  half  of  ti»e  coata,  and  another  series  down  the  middle  of  the  wing 
on  its  dii'.tal  lialf     The  legs  are  not  very  long,  the  fore  legs  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  middle  pair  and  much  slenderer,  the  tarsi  considerably 
shorter  than  the  femora,  and  fully  as  much  longer  than  the  short  libia. 
The  middle  l.gs  are  very  much  shorter  than  the  hind  pair,  the  tibia  and 
tarsi  of  ecjual  length  and  each  about  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  broad 
femur;  the  tibia  armed  apicnlly  with  a  pair  of  excessively  long  spurs.     The 
hind  legs  can  not  be  fully  determined,  but  the  tarsi  are  about  twice  as  long 
as  the  middle  tarsi,  and  the  double  series  of  tibial  spurs  as  long  as  those  of 
tlie  intermediate  tibiic. 

Length  of  body,  12.1^)"""';  wings,  10.2""";  probable  spread  of  wings, 
2;')""";  length  of  antemiye,  8"'"';  fore  femora,  2""";  tibiiv,  1.3™"';  tarsi,  1.7"""; 
middle  femora,  2.3'""';  tibia',  1.75""";  tarsi,  I.Tf)"'"';  hind  tarsi,  S.S""™. 

Florisssint.    One  specimen,  Nos.  8460  and  1)630. 


(  ( 


HYMEN OPTER^   Limie. 

Tribe  TEREBRAISTTIA   Latreille. 

Family  TENTHREDINIDyE  Leach. 

TAXONUS  Dahlbom. 

I'axonus  nortoni. 

IM.  10,  Figs.  26,  27. 

A  fairly  preserved  specimen  and  its  reverse,  ahowin<r  a  dorsal  view 
with  most  of  a  front  win<r,  hut  neitiier  leg's  nor  antenna'.  The  head  and  tho- 
rax are  dark,  unusuall}'  dark  for  specimen.-*  on  this  stone,  but  the  abdomen  is 
much  lighter,  almost  unifonnly  so,  but  showing  the  sides  a  little  duskier.  The 
veins  of  the  wing:s  and  the  stigma  are  uniforndy  dusky.  The  first  discoidal 
cell  is  almost  uniforndy  rhondiic,  the  cross-vein  separating  it  from  the  sec- 
ond discoidal  cell  being  unusually  long'.  The  first  inner  apical  nervure  falls 
exactlv  below  the  middle  of  the  first  discoidal  cell  and  the  lanceolate  cell 
has  a  strongly  oblique  cross  nervure  terminating  opposite  the  inner  end  of 
the  same  discoidal  cell. 

Length  of  body,  7..")""" :  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5""" ;  length  of  wing,  7""" 
Green    Iliver,   Wyoming'.     One   specimen,    Nos.   22   and    140  (Prof 
L.  A.  Leo). 

Family  CHALC1DID>E  Walker. 
DECATOMA  Si)inola. 

DeCATOMA   ANTlyUA. 
PI.  10,  Figs.  20  f,  31. 

Decatoma  antiqua  ScuiUl.,  Hull.  II.  .S.  O«ol.  Geogr.  .Siirv.  Ttrr..  IV,  74!»  (1878). 

On  the  same  stone  as  Lystra  richard.soni,  bu.  at  a  slightly  higher  level, 
is  a  minute  chah-id  fly.     The  wings  are  lacking,  but  the  whole  of  the  body 
is  ])reserved,  together  with  the  antenna-.     The  liead  is  large,  arched,  and 
mi 


HYNKNOPTHRA— BIlACONII>.E. 


605 


otlierwisG  well  rounded,  the  face  tapering  below,  the  eyes  lar<fe,  deep,  with 
their  inner  borders  nearly  paral'el,  leavlnj,'  an  equal  front;  the  base  of  the 
antennaj  can  not  be  made  out,  but  beyond  tiie  long  basal  joint  are  six  nearly 
equal  quadrate  joints,  increasing  very  slightly  indeed  in  size  away  from  the 
head,  scarcely  so  lonjr  as  broarl,  the  spiral  joint  subconical,  scarcely  longer 
than  the  penultimate.  Thorax  compact,  globose,  minutely  granulated  like 
the  head ;  the  abdouien  also  compact,  arched,  the  tip  rounded ;  beyond  it 
the  ovipositor  extends  very  slightly,  apparently  by  pressure. 

On  another  stone,  collected  by  Mr.  Richardson,  is  pretty  certainly 
another  specimeii  of  this  species,  in  which  the  abdomen  is  distorted  by  press- 
ure ;  the  abdomen  shows  this  by  the  rupture  of  the  integument,  and  the 
result  is  an  apjjarently  slenderer  abdomen  ;  it  is  also  a  female,  with  exactly 
the  same  parts  preserved,  with  the  addition  of  the  other  antenna ;  but  both 
antenuic  are  more  obscure  than  in  the  other  specimen,  especially  at  the 
apex ;  they  appear,  however,  t<»  enlarge  more  rapidly  and  may  be  clavate 
at  the  tip,  in  which  case  the  insect  can  not  be  the  same. 

Length  of  body,  (of  No.  4076),  1.85""";  of  abdomen,  0.95""";  of 
antenna;  beyond  ba.sal  joint,  0.4'""' ;  width  of  penultimate  antennal  joint, 
0.045"'"'. 

Gj-een  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  407(J  (S.  H.  Scudder;, 
86  (F.  C.  A.  RicluuHlson). 


Family  BRACONIDvE  Haliday. 
CALYPTITES  Scudder. 

CalyittitesScnAiX.,  Rep.  Progr.  Gool.  Siirv.  Can.,  1876-1877,  270  f  1878). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  a  genus  of  fossil  BraconidaR,  which  seems  to 
be  distinct  from  any  described  living  forms.  It  is  related  to  Calyptus,  but 
differs  from  it  in  the  neuration  of  the  front  wings,  mainly  in  the  shortness 
of  the  first  submedian  cell,  the  division  between  wiiich  and  the  second  sub- 
median  cell  lies  much  before  the  lower  extremity  of  the  first  median  cell; 
and  still  more  in  the  shape  and  position  of  the  first  subcostal  and  second 
median  cells;  the  vein  which  separates  tlieui  is  in  straight  continuity  with 
that  separating  the  second  subcostal  and  third  median  cells,  so  that  the  sub- 
costal cells  and  the  median  cells  lie  in  parallel  lines  along  the  lou"-er  diam- 


1 


i    I' 


!  i 


606 


TEltTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOHTU  AMERICA. 


eter  of  the  winj"- ;  the  second  median  cell  ia  scarcely  more  than  halt'  as  large 
as  the  first  subcostal  cell,  siihquadrate,  broadest  l)elo\v,  :'!0  first  subcostal 
coll  is  aiijj^ulute,  but  broadly  oval,  its  larger  diameter  along  the  wing  almost 
twice  as  long  as  broad. 

Calyptites  antediluvianum. 
PI.  3,  FiK-  32. 

CaljiptUei   antedihirianum   Sciitld.,    Rep.    I'mgr.  Gool.    Surv.   Cnn.,    IH7*)-1H77,  270  (1878);  in    Zitteli 

Hiiudb.  (1.  ralii'iint,  I,  ii,  81(i,  Vig.  UUO  (|HH:i). 

Represented  by  a  single  fore-wing  in  perfect  preservation.  It  is  uni- 
forndy  and  scarcely  infumated,  the  anal  cell  decidedly  fuliginous,  the  stigma 
also  fuliginous  and  centrally  infuscated ;  as  preservetl  on  th.e  stone  the 
veins  are  pale  and  delicately  edged  witli  black  and  accompanied  by  a  very 
narrow  and  delicate  infumated  margin,  especially  in  the  basal  and  lower 
halves  of  the  wing;  the  median  vein  does  not  reach  the  mnrgin  of  the  wing 
next  the  anal  excision,  but  bends  and  runs  in  a  straight  course  to  the  outer 
border;  the  second  median  cell  has  numerous  brief  shoots  from  the  nerv- 
nres  along  its  lower  and  outer  margins,  and  one  is  found  at  the  middle  of 
the  upper  margin  of  the  second  subcostal  cell,  an<l  another  below  the  mid- 
dle of  the  vein  separating  the  first  and  second  subcostal  cells. 

Length  of  wing,  6""";  breadth  of  the  sanie  beyond  the  costa,  2.1""". 

Que.snei,  British  Columbia.  One  ^tecimen.  No.  7  (Dr.  (J.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

IJRACON  Fabricius. 

BUACON   LAMINAKIJM. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  29. 

Ilraron  laminarum  Srmld.,  Hull.  V.  S.  fJool.  (ieo^r.  Siirv.  Trrr.,  IV,  7tH  (1878). 

A  sintrle  sDecMUKMi  and  its  reverse  show  a  l)odv  without  winirs  or  other 
appenda<jc!s.  Tlie  heatl  is  tpiadrate,  broader  than  long,  and  nearly  as  broad 
as  the  thorax.  The  th<»rax  is  sulxpiadrate,  either  extremity  rounded,  about 
half  as  long  again  as  broail,  the  sides  nearly  parallel,  and  tint  surface,  like 
that  of  the  head,  minutelv  granulatc^d  ;  alxloinen  fusiform,  very  rcgidar,  in 
tht^  middh*  as  broad  as  tlie  thorax,  as  hmg  as  the  head  and  thorax  together, 
tiipering  apically  to  a  point,  and  composed  apparently  of  six  segments. 


HYMKNOPTEKA— BUACONII)^'}. 


607 


Length  of  body,  2.8"'"';  of  lieud,  0.6'"'";  of  thorax,  0.85'"'";  of  abdo- 
men, 1.35""";  breadth  of  head,  l.l'""';  of  thorax,  1.2'"™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  4196  and  4197  (S.  H. 
Scndder). 

Bracon  sp. 

PI.  3,  Fig.  33. 

liraion  an.  Soudrt.,  Rop.  Progr.  Gool.  Surv.  C'lm.,  1877-187S,  177B  {187!l). 

An  insect  apparently  belonging  to  Bracon  or  a  closely  allied  genns  is 
so  imperfectly  preserved  as  not  to  allow  of  descrintion  ;  both  the  front  wings 
are  very  imperfect ;  the  whole  of  the  body  and  fragments  of  the  legs  are 
preserved. 

The  insect  was  4"'"'  long,  and  tlie  length  of  the  front  wing  abont  2.85""". 

Similkameen  River,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  69  and  78 
(Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

BRACONID.li  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  18. 

Probably  belonging  to  this  family  is  the  insect  figured  on  PI.  10,  Fig. 
18,  which  represents  a  minute  species  preserved  on  a  partially  lateral,  par- 
tially dorsal  view.  Unfortunately  the  wings  are  nearly  obliterated,  and 
though  the  general  appearance  of  the  insect  is  gained,  it  is  impossible  to 
determine  its  place.  Its  size  and  general  appearance  would  seem  to  indi 
cate  that  it  belongs  here  rather  than  in  the  Ichneumonida>,  and  it  perhaps 
falls  in  the  vicinity  of  Laccophrys  Fiirst.  and  of  Macrocentrus  Cress. 

Length  of  body,  3'""' ;  of  ante!mf«  as  far  as  i)reserved,  2'""' ;  of  oviposi 
tor,  1.5'""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  130  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard) 

BraconidvE  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig,  '28. 

To  this  family  rather  than  to  the  Ichneumonida?  also  probably  belongs 
tlio  specimen  figured  in  PI.  10,  Fig.  28,  but  of  which,  the  antenna-  and  ovi- 
positor being  the  only  well  preserved  parts,  not  enough  remains  to  indicate 
any  affinities  with  certainty.     Perhaps  it  may  fall  near  Meteorus. 


fi ' 


-s 


608 


TKRTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


M 


Li'iiffth  of  Ixnly,  4.r)"""  ;  of  (broken)  antoimn.',  3"""  ;  of  ovipositor  (base 
wniitiiij;),  2;')""". 

Green  River,  Wyoniin<j.     One  specimen,  No.  \lVi\  (Dr.  A.  S.  I'lickanl). 

Family  ICHNEUMONIDyE  Leach. 
ICHNEUMON  Linm;. 

IciINKUMON    PKTRINIIS. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  14,  15. 

Ichneumon  pelriuu^  .><fiiil(l..  Knll.  l\  S.  (icol.  fipojii.  Siir%-.  Terr..  III.  74:J  (1877). 

A  fra<rnientary  spocinien,  i)roserve(l  on  a  dorsal  aspect ;  parts  of  tlie 
front  winji-s,  the  thorax,  and  basal  half  of  the  abdomen  are  pre.servcd.  The 
body  is  blackish  and  the  \vin<;-vein8  testaeeons;  the  win*,'-,  exceptinj;  the 
fiisco-testaceons  sti;rma,  is  hyaline,  covered  sparsely  with  very  delicate  tnid 
moderately  lonjjf  hairs;  the  .«ti<jm:i  is  long-  and  slender,  the  heaver  main 
j)ortion  abont  two  and  a  half  times  long-er  than  broad,  the  slender  basal 
extension  as  lonjj  again.  Unfortunately,  the  wing-  is  preserved  only  as  far 
a.s,  but  not  indnding-,  the  areola,  so  that  many  characteristic  parts  are  lack- 
ing^; the  .second  median  and  fir.st  snbcostal  cells  are  united,  the  vein  separat- 
ing them  being  present  oidy  below,  where  it  is  directed  parallel  t.)  the 
principal  longitudinal  veins;  the  vein  from  which  it  springs  is  bent  at  an 
angle  of  about  70^,  .so  that  the  part  representing  the  first  subcostal  cell 
tapers  rather  rapidly  in  its  apical  half,  while  its  basal  half  (if  the  cro.ss-vein 
were  contimied)  wiudd  be  of  the  same  si/e  and  shape  as  the  second  median 
cell,  or  a  parallelogram  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  the  vein  separating 
the  first  and  second  median  cells  is  continued  in  a  nearly  direct  line  below; 
the  third  median  cell  is  huig  and  rather  slender,  with  somewhat  produced 
angles  basally.  The  tirst  segnu'nt  of  the  depre.s.sed  abdomen  is  fully  half 
as  long  again  as  liroad,  increa.scs  a  little  ami  regularly  in  size  toward  the 
extremity,  at  its  base  is  abont  half  as  broad  as  the  extremity  of  the  thorax, 
and  at  its  tip  le.ss  than  half  as  broad  as  the  l)roadest  part  of  the  thorax  ;  tla? 
second  segment  is  considerably  larger,  and  also  eidarges  apically,  l»ut  its 
length  is  indeterminate. 

Length  of  thorax,  2.f!""" ;  breadth  of  same,  1..')""":  length  of  wing  to 
tij)  of  stigma,  4.2')""":   breadth  of  l)as('  of  abdomen,  O.'i""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 


J^fei,^ 


UVMKNUI'TKKA— lOJlNEUiMOXlM.K. 


60V> 


J.lTHO'rOltUS  goii.  nov.  (A/^/o?,   ropo';). 

This  genus  of  Ichnouinonidjv  is  undoubtedly  allied  to  Exyston,  but 
differs  from  it,  as  it  does  from  nil  members  of  the  family  known  to  nie,  by 
the  separation  of  tlie  first  from  tlie  second  cnlntal  (-ell  by  a  weak  nervure, 
not  shown  in  the  plate,  which  extends  entirely  across  the  space  usually  left 
open  in  this  family,  though  almost  always  closed  in  tiie  Hraconidse.  It  is 
also  reniarkal)le  for  the  flaring  of  the  apical  cul>ital  cell.  The  antenuie  are 
shorter  than  the  bod\'  and  the  abdomen  has  the  basal  joint  comparatively 
stout,  considerably  enlargiii!^,  and  the  snbapical  joints  more  than  twice  as 
broad  as  long. 

LlTUOTORirs    rl{E,SS<)Nl. 
I'l.  10,  Fij,'.  '21. 

The  single  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  side  view  in  which  all  the  parts 
but  the  legs  are  preserved,  but  the  wings  are  somewhat  obscured  by  over- 
lapping. Apparently,  the  areola  is  not  closed  externally,  and  the  outer 
cubital  cell  is  opened  unusually  wide,  while  the  radial  cell  is  exceptionally 
deep  for  its  length  ;  the  ))arts  below  the  areola  are  obscure.  The  antennsv 
are  moderately  stout,  reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  the  joints 
scarcely  moniliform,  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  liiorax  is  compact  oval. 
The  abdomen  beyond  the  basal  joint  is  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax 
together ;  the  basal  joint  is  more  tiian  twice  as  broad  apically  as  at  the  base 
and  less  than  tw'';e  its  greatest  breadth.  The  whole  body,  but  especially 
the  thorax,  is  dark  colored. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  of  antenna',  3""" :  of  wing,  3""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  s))ecimen.  No.  131  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


UIIYSSA  CJravenhorst. 
Rhy.ssa  juveni.s. 

ri.  I(»,  Fi<;.  1!). 

Although  smaller  than  any  .species  I  have  noted,  and  much  smaller 
than  most  known  to  me,  I  can  find  no  characters  in  this  single  specimen 
which  do  not  occur  in  Rhyssa,  except  in  the  relative  proportions  of  the  tho- 
rax and  abdomen.    The  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  side  view  and  in  a  gen- 

VOL  XI 11 39 


610 


TICUTIAKY  INSKCT8  OK  NOllTII  AMKRICA. 


,:      ( 


i     ! 


oral  way  shows  ovorvtliiii;,'ex('Di)t  tlio  k'jfs  ;  but  tlio  basiil  parts  of  tlu*  wings 
aro  ol)HCurt'(l  on  account  of  tlinir  overlying  tlio  l)o<ly,  and  giv(t  tlio  remainder 
n  forosliorteniMl  look.  The  iintenna-  are  tcderahly  stout,  a  portion  longer  than 
the  large  thorax  being  preserved,  with  joints  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long 
again  as  broad.  The  thorax  is  large,  massive,  arched,  twice  as  high  as  tho 
head,  regularly  ovate,  and  half  as  long  again  as  high.  Tho  wings  are  toler- 
ably broad,  aiul  the  neuration  is  (dtscured  by  the  overlying  of  the  wingH 
and  the  crumpling  of  some  of  them  ;  it  shows,  hctwever,  a  long  first  cubital 
cell  separated  from  the  second  by  a  minuti!  triangular  areola  attached  by 
its  apex  directly  to  the  radius,  with  no  intervening  pedicel,  and  containing 
a  brief,  outward  directed,  recurrent  nervule  emitted  from  tho  cubital  vein 
slightly  nearer  the  areola  th;in  the  outer  di.scoidal  cell.  The  abdomen  is 
very  obscure,  but  is  certainly  very  short — no  longer  than  head  and  abdo- 
men together — and  appears  not  to  be  broadest  apically,  but  only  a  little 
beyond  the  middle ;  but  this  can  not  bo  stated  positively.  The  ovipositor 
is  considerably  longer  than  the  body,  stout  and  straight ;  it  is  densely 
clothed  with  fine,  short,  recumbent  hairs  to  its  very  tip. 

Length  of  body,  S™"' ;  of  thorax,  ;i.3""" ;  of  abdomen,  4'""' ;  height  of 
thorax,  2.1""" ;  length  of  wing,  6.25"'"' :  l)readth  of  same,  2.25'""' ;  length  of 
ovipositor,  0"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  0.25'"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  129  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

PIMI'LA  Fabricius. 

1*1M1'I-A    SAXEA. 

I'l.  3,  I'ij;.  -»;{. 
Pimpla  tarea  Scudd.,  Rcii.  rr.)({r.  (i<!ol.  Siirv.  Ciiri.,  lH7."i-1876,  208  (1877). 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  j)resenting  a  shattered 
thorax,  tho  first  four  abdominal  segments  viewed  fnun  above,  and  the  front 
wing.  These  abdominal  segments  aro  pretty  uniform  and  regular,  rather 
strongly  convex,  pale  testaceous,  with  a  broad,  blackish  fuscous,  l)asal, 
transverse  band,  occupying  fully  one-third  of  each  segment;  tho  segments 
are  (piadrate,  broader  than  long,  and  smooth.  'I'he  im  tathorax  is  |)alo  tes- 
taceous, and  very  delicately  scabrous.  The  wing  is  uniformly  hyaline,  or 
shows  the  slightest  trace  of  infumation,  especially  at  the  <'xtreme  tip,  and  is 
nniforndy  and  rather  sparsely  covered  with  micro.scopic  hairs,  averaging 


»,iir 


IIYMBNOPTEWA-ICUNEIJMONID^-). 


611 


0.04"""  in  lonf,'tli  in  tlio  third  niodian  coll,  soiitod  ui)on  little  cliitinouH  ivnnuli 
O.OOH"""  in  diameter;  the  veins  are  black,  and  tlio  basal  part  of  tuo  Hti^nna 
black,  but  beyond  it  is  dark  fusco-castanoou.s  ;  the  caHtanoouH  portion  (lyinj,' 
beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  median  cell)  is  throe  times  as  lonj,'  as  l)road,  ex- 
tondin^r  ludf-way  down  the  upper  border  of  the  first  subcostal  cell ;  the  third 
costal  cell  is  comparatively  narrow  at  tip,  and  the  tip  of  the  winjr  is  somewhat 
pointed ;  the  vein  separating  the  areola  or  second  subcostal  coll  iVom  the 
third  costal  coll  is  partially  obliteratod,  and  the  areola  is  rather  small,  sub- 
(puidrate,  broadest  at  the  open  side ;  thei-e  is  the  slightest  possible  trace  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  vein  separating  the  united  first  subcostal  and 
second  median  cells,  but  the  vein  bordering  the  upper  side  of  the  third 
median  cell  is  perfect  througiiout ;  the  vein  sej)arating  the  third  and  fourth 
median  cells  is  gently  curved,  subsinuate  and  partially  obliterated  in  the 
middle. 

Length  of  fragment  of  body,  5.5""" ;  length  of  wing,  H.Tf)""" ;  l)roadth 
of  wing  beyond  stigma,  2.9""" ;  greatest  width  of  third  costal  cell,  0.35"'™. 

Quesnel,  IJritish  Cohunbia.  One  specimen.  No.  31  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

PiMPLA    SENECTA. 

PI.  3,  Figs.  29-31. 
Pimpla  aeneota  .Somld.,  Uop.  Progr.  Oeol.  Siirv.  Ciiii,,  H7,".-187f),  26S-2fi9  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  show  little  besides  the  greater  part  of 
the  front  wing  and  the  tip  of  the  hind  wing;  crushed  chitinous  masses  rep- 
resent parts  of  the  abdomen,  and  perhaps  of  the  thorax  ;  the  wing  is  uniformly 
hyaline,  with  the  sligjitost  possible  trace  of  infumation  next  the  base,  and 
is  profusely  covered  with  tapering  microscopic  hairs,  averaging  0.0fi5"™  in 
length  in  the  third  median  cell,  seated  upon  minute  chitinous  annuli  O.Ol"""'  in 
diameter;  the  veins  are  l)lack,  or  toward  the  tip  and  on  the  hind  wing  cas- 
taneous,  and  the  stigma  is  dark  testaceous ;  most  of  the  stigma  is  broken, 
but  enough  remains  to  show  tliat  it  is  apparently  not  so  broad  as  in  the  other 
species  here  described,  and  it  extends  less  than  half-way  down  the  upper  bor- 
der of  the  first  subcostal  cell ;  apically  the  third  costal  cell  is  comparatively 
broad,  and  the  tip  well  rounded ;  the  vein  separating  the  areola  from  the  third 
costal  cell  is  nearly  olditeratod,  and  the  areola  is  rather  small,'  and  shaped 
as  in  1*.  saxea  ;  there  is  no  trnce  whatever  of  the  vein  separating  the  united 


-"  ■'■•  "  ■'■•'■• 


612 


TKUTIAltV  INMKCTS  OK  NOUTII  AMKUICA. 


lirst  Miil)0OHtal  and  hccoiuI  iiumUiiii  coIIh,  iiltliou;,''li  the  vein  above  the  tliird 
inodiaii  coll  i.s  IxMit  vvlicrr  it  HJioiiltl  join  it,  iih  in  the  |)i-ccc(liii;r  MpccicH ;  tlio 
saiiio  vein  in  partially  ohlitt'i-MttMl  in  tiit>  iniildlc  ot'  tlic  iiortioii  liclow  tlii)  tii'Ht 
siiluMmtal  cell;  tlic  vein  si-panitiii^-  tlii>  tiiinl  and  ruintli  ni(>dii)n  (-(dls  irt 
wtronjrly  I'lirved,  siihsinuato  and  distinct  tlnouf^liout. 

latiijftli  of  win;;',  !'  l :   Itroidth    licyond  tlitt  Hti;;ina,  '2A ';  groutOHt 

width  of  tiiu  third  costal  cidl,  0.4""".     Forniii'a  arcaiiu  licH  on  tho  miiiio  Htone. 

QiiDHMtd,  lii'itish  Coliunbia.  One  Hpecinicn,  Nos.  Id''  and  12  (Dr.  (^ 
M.  Ihiwson,  Gi'olojficid  Survey  of  Canada). 

I'iMI'I.A    ItKCESSA. 

I'l.  ;j,  Fijf.  -'7. 

I'imiila  ileoenta  .Soiulil.,  Kep.  I'rogr.  (iocl.  .'^iirv.  (an.,  IH7.'i-H7ll,  Ifliit  (1HJ7). 

The  remains  of  this  in.scct  consist  of  crushed  thorax  and  alxlonieii,  and 
the  two  wings  of  one  side  t)f  the  body,  siipcriniposod;  upon  the  same  stone, 
at  11  slightly  higlier  U'V<'1.  is  the  specimen  of  ISoletina  .sejuilta.  The  tliora.x 
and  abdomen  arc  tiitircly  crushed  and  black,  but  the  last  segment  of  the 
latter  l)ears  tlie  cdosest  possilde  resendjlancc  to  the  abdomen  (»f  the  male  of 
Pinipla  instigator  Kabr.  TIk;  wing  is  uiuforndy  infnmated,  and  the  margins 
of  the  anal  excision  infus(;nted;  it  is  covered  very  profusely  with  slatrt 
microscopic  tapering  hairs,  more  irregularly  distributed   than  in  the  other 

two  species  descrilx-d.  avt-raging  in  the  third  meilian  celi  0.03' in  length, 

aiul  seated  on  cliitinoiis  aninili  varying  in  size,  some  iteing  but  half  as  largo 
as  otlu'rs,  the  larger  ones  nu'asuring  about  0.007"'"'  in  diameter;  the  veins 
are  black  and  the  large  triangnl.ir  stigma  almost  as  dark,  a  little  paler 
toward  either  extremity  ;  the  stigma  is  altout  twice  as  long  as  broad,  ami 
extends  metre  than  iialf-way  down  the  upper  l»ord(;r  of  the  first  subcostal 
cell,  the  vein  being  partially  id)literateil  be}ond  it;  the  third  costal  cell  is 
rather  narrow  apically,  although  the  tip  of  the  wing  is  pretty  well  ntunded. 
The  species  may  readily  be  distinguished  from  tlio.se  de.scri))ed  above  b\  the 
shape  of  the  areola,  whicli  is  pretty  regularly  <|uadratc,  twice  as  long  as 
broiid,  and  has  the  vein  next  the  third  costal  ccdl  oiditerated  only  at  the 
ends;  there  is  no  trace  of  the  vein  separating  the  united  lirst  subcostal  and 
second  median  cells,  and  the  vein  separating  these  cells  from  the  third 
modiau  coll  U  bout  in  the  middle,  and  nearly  obliluratoJ  ii.  tho  middle  half; 


1  3S  ! 


UYMKNOITKUA— ICIINKIJMONID.K. 


613 


the  voiii  rte|»initiii;;  tho  tliirtt  iiiul  fourth  inu<liaii  coIIh  Im  tttronfi^ly  ourvod, 
not  at  nil  HiuuatM,  uiul  Hli^htly  iiidirttinct  iit  its  uppor  oxtruinity. 

I.onjfth  of  tViiX'>»">t  of  h(»(ly,  8.")' ;  KMij^tli  of  wiii},',  7.7""" ;   Itroadth  of 

HaiUd  hcyoiid  tho  Hti},'ina,  2. <>"'"' ;  ^roiitost  width  of  tiiird  postal  (udl,  0.27"'"'. 

(^ik'sik;!,  British  (!(diii)ihia.  Oiio  Kpociinon,  No.  9*  (Dr.  (I.  M.  Daw- 
HtHi,  (iiMdojfical  Surv«y  of  ( !aiiada). 

GLVl'TA  Oravonhor«t. 

Cit.YPTA    TKANSVKRHALIH. 


The  sini^lu  spHciiuuii  is  prusurvod  on  a  dorsal  view,  with  tiie  upper 
rijfht  wiiijj;  turiiod  forward  and  rovorsod.  Tho  tlai<iiig  of  tho  stone  in  front 
lias  do.stroyod  tho  antonna',  no  loj^s  aro  prosorvod,  and  tho  apical  portion  of 
the  abdomen  is  altoj^etlior  ol>souro  ;  no  ovipositor  can  bo  soon.  Tlio  general 
disposition  of  tho  nomation  is  altogether  as  in  all  tho  figures  of  Olypta  I 
have  soon,  but  thort;  aro  sovoral  points  in  it  wherein  it  dirt'ers  from  all  of 
them,  The  basal  ('.ul)ital  cell  is  much  less  elongated  than  usual  by  the 
comparatively  slight  extension  of  the  apical  portion  of  tho  cell  beneath  tho 
Htigma,  consequent  uptm  the  brevity  of  tho  ba.sal  portion  of  tho  radius;  the 
basal  discoidal  coll  is  also  unusiuiUy  short  and  the  cro.ss-vein  separating 
the  middle  and  apical  discoi(hd  cells  straight  and  not  zigzag.  The  eyes  are 
largo  and  j)rominent,  and  by  the  preservation  of  tho  specimen  it  is  evident 
that  they  shared  in  the  considoraltle  variegation  of  the  body  by  being  of  a 
light  color  with  a  basal  dark  annnlus,  next  which  the  head  was  again  light, 
with  a  dark  central  portion  relieved  by  a  posterior  transverse  light  belt. 
The  thorax  was  similarly  ornamented,  the  mesothorax  having  dark  sides  and 
a  broad  mesial  light  band  oidarging  posteriorly  and  anteriorly,  but  divided 
by  a  middle  (hirk  line  which  oxi)ands  in  front  and  l)ehind  to  a  stripe.  The 
nietathorax  is  mostly  light  with  a  mesial  dark  stripe.  The  abdomen  is  light, 
but  with  the  lateral  prominences  at  the  b.iso  of  vhe  earlier  joints  peculiar  to 
Glypta  (here  transverse  instead  of  oblifiiiely  longitudinal)  of  a  dark  color; 
these  proniinencos  are  largest  on  the  first  and  second  segments,  where  they 
nearly  touch  in  the  middle,  and  especially  on  the  second  segment,  where 
they  aro  twice  as  broad  as  on  tho  others,  .slightly  ol>lique,  but  directed 


6M 


TEUTIAUY  INBEOTS  OF  NOUTll  AMUlilCA. 


inward  and  backward  (nf>t  torwai^d)  and  reticulated  as  if  more  or  less  punc- 
tate in.  life.     Tho  head,  iiorax,  and  abdomen  are  of  about  equal  width. 

Length  of  winjr,  4.5'"". 

Green  Uiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  7G  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

ECLYTUS  Holmgren. 

ECLYTUS   LUTATUS. 
PI.  10,  FifT.  24. 

The  single  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  side  view,  witli  one  wing  droop- 
ing. A  portion  of  the  moderately  stout  antenn.'e  is  preserved,  showing  them 
to  be  at  least  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  and  the  middle  joints  to  be  rather 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  neuration  of  the  wing  is  obscure 
about  and  below  the  region  of  the  areola,  which  appears  to  be  lacking,  the 
direction  of  the  culntal  vein  from  its  extremity  backward  being  toward  the 
angle  of  the  radius  beyond  the  stigma ;  before  this  junction  the  cubitus  is 
more  curved  than  represented  on  the  plate  ;  the  obscurity  prevailing  in  that 
region  does  not  permit  one  to  see  the  cross-vein  below  the  position  of  the 
j'.reola  with  clearness,  but  there  is  a  faint  indication  of  a  straight  vein  depend- 
ing from  that  point ;  the  s-jparr^tion  of  the  second  discoidal  and  humeral 
cells  is  by  a  straight,  scarcely  obli(pie  <^r'.>ss-vein  in  direct  continuation  of 
the  vein  aljovo  and  not  shown  on  the  plate.  Tho  neuration  of  the  hind 
wing  is  exactly  as  in  all  species  of  Eclytiis.  The  abdomen  is  evidently 
compressed  laterally,  pedicoled  b}'  the  apically  enlarging  long  first  segment, 
the  remainder  obloug  ovate  on  a  -lide  view,  most  expanded  Ijeyond  the  mid- 
dle, a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  high  ;  ovipositor  scarcely  so  long  as 
the  extreme  height  of  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  3.5""";  of  wing,  2.(;5'""' ;  of  ovipositor,  ().fi5""". 

The  species  apparently  ditlers  from  those  figured  by  Snellen  van  Vol- 
loniioven  in  his  l*ina('()graphia  in  that  tho  cubital  vein  meets  the  radius  by 
a  union  of  similar  but  reversed  angles. 

Green  Uiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  36  (Frof.  L.  A.  Lee). 


;    I    i   5 


H  YMENOPTER  A-MYRM ICI  DiE. 


615 


Tribe  ^OULEAT^   LatreiUe. 

Family    MYRMICIDyG    Lepelletier. 

APHiENOGASTEP,  Mayr. 

Al'HiliNOUASTKB   LONG.EVA. 

PI.  3,  Fig.  23. 

Aphmnogiuter  longma  Sciuld.,  Rop.  Progr.  Geol.  fieogr.  Snrv.  Can.,  187!>-187(i,  207(1877). 

A  single  very  obscure  and  fragmentary  specimen,  and  its  still  more 
obscure  reverse,  are  tlie  sole  representatives  of  this  specnes  ;  they  exhibit  a 
crushed  and  confused  mass  of  head,  thorax,  legs,  and  antenna',  and  the  larger 
part  of  a  single  front  wing,  apparently  of  a  mala.  The  wing  isfaintly  infuraated, 
especially  beyond  the  stigma,  and  the  stigma  itself  is  only  a  little  dee',>er  in 
tint;  the  wing  is  also  covered  very  sparsely  with  excessively  delicate  and 
very  short  microscopic  hairs.  The  cubital  vein  forks  beyond  the  discoidal 
cell  by  only  one-third  the  width  of  the  latter,  and  both  the  veins  run  to  the 
tip  of  the  wing,  although  very  f^lintl3^  This  cell  is  shaped  exactly  as  in  A. 
berendti  Mayr,  found  in  amber,  and  is  distant  from  the  scapular  vein  by 
only  liali  its  width  ;  the  costal  margin  of  the  wing  is  more  convex  beyond 
the  stigma  than  in  the  amber  species  mentioned. 

The  base  of  the  whig  is  lost,  but  its  probable  length  is  7"'"',  and  its 
greatest  breadth  is  2.3""" ;  leii^'tli  of  stigma,  0.8"'"'. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  33  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

MYRMICA  Latreille. 
Mykmica  sp. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  22. 
Jfjrmica  sp.  Scudd.,  Bull.  IJ.  S.  (ipol,  G.'i(;;r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  718  (1878). 

A  spt<!ies  of  this  family  was  found  at  Green  River,  but  a  specific  name 
is  withheld  in  the  hope  of  finding  better  material  on  which  to  base  it.  The 
head  is  rather  snudl,  circular  ;  the  thorax  very  regularly  ovate  and  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  broad  ;  the  peduncle  small  and  composed  of  two  adjoining 


616 


TKKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTU  AMERICA. 


t-i 


circular  maHses,  the  hinder  slifj^htly  the  larger;  the  abdomen  is  much 
broken,  but  evidently  larger  than  the  thorax  and  pretty  phunp  ;  no  append- 
ages are  preserved. 

Length  of  body,  3.3""" ;  diameter  of  head,  0.4""" ;  length  of  thorax, 
1.2"'"';  width  of  same,  O.Tr)'"™ ;  length  of  peduncle,  O.'ifr'" ;  diameter  of 
anterior  joint  of  .same,  O.l""';  width  of  abdomen,  0.85""":  its  probable 
length,  1.8""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  .specimen.  No.  53  (F.  C  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

Family  FORMIClDyE  Stephens. 

IIYI'OCMNKA  Mayr. 

HyI'OC'MNEA    oniJTKRATA. 

I'l.  ;J,  Figs.  I'o,  L'«». 

Hypoclinea  obliterala  Scadd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Ouol.  Coogr.  Siirv.  Can.,  1875-1870,207  (1877). 

There  are  two  specimens  to  be  referred  to  Hypoclinia,  and  both  are 
very  fragmentary.  One  (No.  S)  consists  of  the  partial  remains  of  the  wings 
of  one  side  overlapping;  the  other  (No.  14)  of  similar  remains,  l)Ut  so  faintly 
impressed  on  the  stone  that  some  of  the  veins  can  not  be  traced  at  all,  and 
since  in  all  essential  features  it  agrees  with  the  more  distinct  fragments,  I 
have  considered  it  as  l)elonging  to  the  same  species,  although  it  is  of  slightly 
greater  size. 

The  essential  portions  of  the  fore  wing  remain,  showing  the  neuration 
to  be  that  of  Ilypoclitua;  the  second  cubital  cell  is  triangular,  and  the  vein 
which  marks  its  outer  limit  ari.ses  from  the  upper  Itranch  of  the  cubital  vein 
a  little  beyond  the  cross- vein  depending  from  the  stigma  ;  the  discoidal  cell 
is  of  about  the  same  size  as  the  second  cubital  cell,  and  is  subtjuadrate,  the 
vein  marking  its  outer  margin  a  little  curved,  and  the  apex  of  the  cell  itself 
separated  by  but  a  short  space  from  the  base  of  the  second  cubital  cell. 
The  scapular  vein  is  more  darkly  colored  than  the  others,  and  a  faint  fuligi- 
nous cloud  a|)pears  to  surround  the  rather  dark  stigma. 

Length  of  fragment  of  wing,  5"'"'  ;  distance  from  base  of  wing  to  tip  of 
stigma,  4"'"'. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  H,  14  (Dr.  CI.  M. 
l)awson,  Geological  Sin-vey  of  Canada). 


UYMENOrTKRA— FORMICIDiE. 


617 


LIOMETOPUM  Mayr. 

LlOMETOPlTM    IMNOTTK. 
PI.  5,  Fig.  10. 

Liometopiim  pingite  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  742-743  (1877). 

The  single  specimen  representing  this  species  is  a  male,  as  the  number 
of  abdominal  segments  show ;  bnt  the  wings  are  lacking.  1'he  insect  is 
viewed  from  above.  The  head  and  thorax  are  slightly  darker  than  the 
abdonien,  l)ut  otherwise  the  whole  i)ody  is  uniformly  fuscous,  somewhat 
darker  than  the  stone.  The  head  is  very  small,  subquadrate,  slightly 
broader  behind,  and  the  posterior  angles  nearly  rectangular ;  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  head  is  broadly  and  pretty  regularly  rounded,  and  the  whole 
head  is  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth.  The  thorax  is  very  regularly 
ovate,  broadest  next  the  insertion  of  the  front  wings  (traces  of  the  origin  of 
which  can  be  seen),  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad,  rapidly  tapering  on  the 
metathorax.  The  peduncle,  as  seen  from  above,  is  square,  half  as  broad  as 
tiie  head,  the  hinder  edge  showing  by  its  thickening  that  it  was  probably 
elevated  at  this  point.  The  abdomen  is  plump,  rounded  ovate,  scarcely  less 
rounded  posteriorly  than  in  front,  only  one  quarter  longer  than  broad, 
broader  than  the  thorax,  composed  of  six  segments,  of  which  the  first,  third, 
and  fourth  are  about  equjil  in  length,  and  the  second  half  as  long  again. 

Length  of  whole  body,  7.5""" ;  of  thorax.  8"'"' :  breadth  of  same,  1.8"'"' ; 
of  peduncle,  0.!)""";  of  abdomen,  2.;J""":  length  of  hind  femora,  4..")"""; 
breadth  of  same,  0.30""". 

On  account  of  the  sniallness  of  the  head,  I  venture  to  place  this  insect 
in  the  genus  Lioinetopum.  It  has  the  aspect  of  "  Hypoclinea,  but  the  head 
is  only  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen.     (W.  Denton.) 

A  specimen  from  Oreeii  River,  of  precisely  the  same  size  and  general 
appearance  and  pretty  certainly  belonging  to  the  same  species,  is  also  wing- 
less and  has  no  legs  preserved,  but  the  thorax  is  rather  profusely  clothed 
with  exceedingly  delicate  very  short  hairs. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  2(12  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


m 


I  :\ 


!    '  *  r 


I    iil 


II 


I; 

!  > 


618 


TRHTIAUV  INSK'JTS  Ol'  NORTH  AMERICA. 


FORMICA  Linnc?. 
Formica  arcana. 

PI.  3,  Fig.  24. 
Formica  arcana  Scndd.,  Rop.  Progr.  Gool.  Surv,  Can.,  187r>-1870,  !iO(J-2C7  (1877). 

A  single  fragment  of  a  wing,  exhibiting,  however,  all  the  important 
parts  of  the  neuration,  is  to  be  referred  to  the  genus  Formica  (s.  str.) 
Pimpla  senecta  lies  on  the  same  stone.  The  discoidal  cell  is  of  medium 
size,  subquadrate,  a  little  broader  below  than  above ;  the  single  closed 
cubital  cell  is  about  three  times  as  long  as  the  discoidal  cell,  l)eing  a  little 
produced  (to  considerably  less  than  a  right  angle)  at  the  tip,  where  the 
transverse  vein,  coming  obliquely  from  the  stigma,  strikes  the  cubital  vein 
exactly  where  it  branches,  forming  ;i  luinutc  stigma,  from  which  four  veins 
radiate  almost  symmetrically;  the  wing  is  of  a  uniform,  faint  fuliginous 
color,  the  stigma  of  medium  size,  darkest  along  its  lowest  border,  and  all 
the  veins  dark,  the  scapular  vein  even  black,  and  n)argined  on  its  apical 
half  with  testaceous. 

The  wing  is  .'{'""'  in  widtli,  from  the  anal  emargination  to  the  base  of 
the  stigma,  and  the  tip  of  the  basal  internomedian  cell  is  4.25"""  distant  from 
the  apex  of  the  closed  cubital  cell,  making  it  jirobable  that  the  entire  length 
of  the  wing  was  nearly  12""". 

Quesiiel,  Hritish  ("oluuibia.  One  specimen.  No.  10"  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

LASICS   Fabricius. 

Lasu's  tkrrkis. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  L*;?. 

/,««iH»  In-nm  .SiMidd.,  Hull.  I'.  S.  Ocol.  (ii'c)({r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  717-748  (I87H). 

A  single  specimen  obtained  by  Dr.  Ihiydenat  the  "  Petrified  Fish  Cut," 
Green  River  (allinU'd  to  in  his  Siin  Pictures  of  Rocky  .Mountain  Scenery, 
page  i)8),  is  probablv  tit  be  referred  to  this  genus,  but  is  in  rather  a  poor 
state  of  preservation.  The  head  is  small  and  rminded,  with  antenna'  shaped 
as  in  ]..asius,  but  of  which  the  number  and  relative  length  of  the  joints  can 
iKit  be  determined  from  thuir  ob.scurity  ;  the  long  ba.sal  joint,  however,  ap- 
pears to  be  comparatively  short  and  uniform  in  size,  being  not  (piite  so  long 
as  tlu!  width  of  the  head,  while  the  rest  of  the  antenna'  is  more  than  half  as 


HYMENOPTERA— rOUMlCID.E. 


619 


long  as  tlie  basal  joint,  and  thickens  very  slightly  toward  the  apex.  The 
thorax,  preserved  so  as  to  show  more  of  a  dorsal  than  a  lateral  view,  is  com- 
pact, oval,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  no  deep  separation  visible 
between  the  meso-  and  metathorax,  tapering  a  little  posteriorly.  The  pe- 
duncle, as  preserved,  is  a  minute  circular  joint,  but  from  its  discoloration 
appears  to  have  had  a  regular,  rounded,  posterior  eminence.  The  abdomen 
consists  of  five  joints,  is  very  short  oval,  very  compact  and  regular,  and  of 
about  the  size  of  the  thorax,  although  rounder.  The  legs  are  long  smd 
slender,  the  femora  of  ecpial  size  throughout,  and  all  the  pairs  similar.  There 
is  no  sign  of  wings,  and  the  specimen  is  probably  a  neuter. 

Length  of  body,  7.5'""' ;  of  head,  1.4""";  of  thorax,  3.2"'"' ;  of  abdomen, 
2.9'""';  breadth  of  head,  1.1""" ;  of  thorax,  1.9"""  ;  of  abdomen,  2.2°"" ;  diam- 
eter of  peduncle,  0.55""";  length  of  first  joint  of  antenna;,  1'"'";  of  rest  of 
antenna;,  1.65"'"'  I 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  14G92  (Dr.  F.  V.  Ilayden). 

CAMP0N0TU8  Mayr. 

Camponotus  vetus. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  1,  2. 

Camiioiiotiis  vilus  Scndd.,  Bull.  V.  S.  Geol.  Cicogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  Ill,  742  (1877). 

A  single  speciir'^n,  very  faii-ly  preserved,  l}'ing  upon  the  side;  a  rem- 
nant of  one  wing  is  left,  and  a  faint  indication  of  the  antenna*,  but  the  legs 
are  wanting.  The  head  has  a  flat  sununit,  the  upper  half  of  the  sides  roundly 
protuberant,  tlie  lower  half  rather  broad,  and  tapering  l)ut  little ;  the  thorax 
is  long  and  moderately  slender,  compacted  into  a  single  mass,  with  a  low 
arch,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  high.  The  first  segment  of  the  abdomen 
increases  rapidly  in  size  posteriorly,  and  has  a  rounded  knob  above  at  its 
hinder  end ;  the  abdomen  is  long  aiul  slender,  composed  of  five  joints,  the 
second  the  largest,  gradually  tapering  to  the  pointed  tip.  It  seems  to  agree 
better  with  Camponotus  than  with  any  other  genus,  but  has  a  ditferently 
shaped  head  and  first  abdominal  joint,  and  is  smaller  than  the  species  of  that 
genus,  so  that  it  is  only  placed  here  provisionally  until  other  and  better 
specimens  are  obtained. 

Length  of  body,  3.75"'"';  of  thorax,  1.15""";  of  abdomen,  2""". 

White  River,  near  the  (Jolorado-Utah  boundary.  One  specimen  (W. 
Denton). 


620 


TKUTlAin    INS1<;(!TH  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I  i 


Family  SPHEGID^  Westwood. 
1)1I)INP:IS  Wesmael. 

.  DiDINKIS   .S<)LI1)K8('KN8. 

IM.  10,  Kijr.  M). 

Tlie  body  of  tlie  single  specimen  known  is  preserved  on  a  side  view 
but  partially  dorsal,  and  tliou<;li  tlio  antenna>,  and  legs  are  destroyed,  tlie 
wings  are  tolerably  well  preservt'(l.  There  is,  however,  no  sign  of  any  spine 
on  the  sides  of  the  nietanotuni,  the  thorax  here  appearing  to  b(>  well  rounded ; 
nor  would  the  abdomen  ai)pear  to  be  so  closely  narrowed  at  the  base  as  in 
Didineis.  The  neuration  of  the  wings  agrees  very  closely  with  that  of 
Didineis  lunicornis  Fabr.  sp.,  except  in  the  very  nuich  larger  size  and  sub- 
triangular  shape  of  the  marginal  cell,  the  widtli  of  which  is  nearly  one-third 
that  of  the  wing.  The  middle  discoidal  cell  also  is  remarkable  for  its  ex- 
treme length,  being  at  least  three  times  as  long  as  its  basal  breadth.  The 
body  is  not  very  darkly  colored  on  the  stone,  being  of  a  rather  pale  testa- 
ceous tint,  but  the  apical  half  ov  less  of  the  abdominal  segments  are  paler 
than  the  rest. 

Length  of  body,  7""";  of  wing,  :).•_'.")""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  132  and  263  (Dr.  A.  S. 
F'ackurd). 


'  ■  i 


:  it! 


i  :  I 


G22 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OK  NOllTIl  AMERICA. 


ri 


■  r 


.SvsTKMATic  List  ok  tiir  SI'kcikh  Ukmciiiiikd  in  tiik  I'iirhrnt  Woiik,  with  Rkkkiiencr  to  thk 

Pi.ACKH   WIIKUi:    'I'llKV   AKK    DKHCKIIIKI)   AND    FlUUUKIt   AND    TIIK   LoC'AUTIKt)   AND    llOKlZUNB  AT 
WHICH    'I'lIKY   AUK    rol'ND. 

Till!  f(>ll<iwiii;{iililiri>viiitionH  nro  imml  in  tlioliwt  twoooliuniiHot'  InciilitieH:  Q.  =  QuoriioI  ;  8.  =  Himil- 
kitnii'cii  Uivcr;  M.  =  Niiio-Milo  Crrck;  N.=:  Nicola;  C.C,  =  Crow  (-'reek, Colo. ;  II. 0.  =  lloriio Creek, 
Wyo. ;  T.  C.  --  Twin  ( 'n-ek,  Wyo. ;  S.  O.  :=;  SfitrWoro,  Oiititrio  |  I'.  K.  —  Port  Kennedy,  I'li. 

Syitteniutlc  lUt  of  hpcrk'h. 


Uronim,  ({enrni,  and  Hpecii'H. 


MTRIAPODA. 

InhiH  ti'lhiHivr 

ARACHNIDEB. 
ACAKINA. 

Ixodt'H  tortiitriiis 

AKANKIDK.S. 

SAl.TIOilAD.K. 
Attiilii. 

•i    I'nrattMH  resnrrcetuH 

'I     I'linittiig  cvociituH 

r>    PuruttiiH  latitntnH 

LATKHKiUAD.K. 

Tliomiaidra, 

'i    TlioinJHiiH  rcKntiiH 

7    TlioniiHiiH  diBJnnctim 

H    TliomiNUH  defoHsns 

TnilTKl.AHI.K. 

j  Ihiidirides. 

9    Sc);nstriji  socoHun    

DraHHidiK. 

10  Clubiona  iivorHU 

11  ClnliioiKt  arrniia 

l'~    Cliiliiona  latolinma 

l.t    Chiliiima  oHti'nfata 

1-1    Anyjiliiina  iiitt'rita 

AtjnUiiitlea, 

!■")    Titanii'ca  ingi'nna 

Hi    'ritunii'i'a  licMtcrna 

Hrtitki.aiii.i.. 

ThiriilidtH. 

17     Araijra  coltiiiihiii' 

H    Tlicridiiim  o|n'rtaiiciiiii 

Ill    Tlu'riilliiiii  wclimmii 

yii     Liiiyphia  retenNa 


I'lkgo. 


Plate  and 
li);iiru. 


44 


r.9 

11:  29,32 

71 

2:  1,2 

7:1 

11:  :j 

74 

11:  20 

7r. 

11:  2.1,27 

6:  K.    .... 


47 

(!: 

12 

,'-.:{ 

11: 

26 

r)4 

r).i 

57 

11: 

i;i 

58 

11: 

9 

59 

11: 

23 

(31 

11: 

28 

(!» 

It: 

22 

r>4 

11: 

4 

Ki 

11: 

18' 

IX, 

11: 

24 

(i7 

11: 

5 

calitleo  w 

here  fonnil. 

(ieotogivul 
hrrizoii. 

> 

^_ 
X 

X 

1 

S 

British    Co- 
Inmbim. 

h 

S" 

■2 

0 

Oligocono 

Oligocene 

Oligocene 

....do ! 

....do ! 

Oligocene.... 

....  do 

Oligocene 

Oligocene 

....do 



....do 

do 

....do 

Oligocene 

....do 

Oligocene 

do 

lo 

X 

.... 

"" 

<l- 

....: 

....do 

TABLES— AUACUNIDKB. 


623 


DlSXniBIITION  OK  TIIK  Sl'RCIKH  WITH   WHICH  TlIKY   AUK,  ( 'OMI'AIIRI). 

In  tho  colnmiiH  k>v1iik  l>)-'t!i^""  "f  Kolatioimliip  tliu  fiilluwiiiK  inarkK  nrt<  iinuiI  :  ! !  —  vi>ry  ologo ;  I  =  ulnse; 
"  =:  geuural ;  t  -  iliHlant ;  f  ~  iiuHiiibU!. 


FlIHitil  Hp 

UCi08. 

VVIhti-  fiuiiiil. 

Ilori/.oii, 
1 

K.xlHtiii);  MpouioM. 

^1 

u 

Niiiiin  of  spiiRioH, 

»t 

SI 

Naiiiv  of  HpnciuH,     1 

Wlicro  living. 

1 

0 

;i 



4 

5 

t; 

7 

H 

*-» 

8,80iiocalata(Linii,) 

Europe 

') 

o 
o 
o 

t 

(!.  toniontosn  K,  &  M... 
C.8ericoa,('.lanntaK.-U 
C.  ntteiinataK.  &  »... 
C.micToplitlialniaK.-B. 

Hultiuambur. 
....do 

Liifiirian .. 

to 

..do 

11 

....do 

..do 

IV 

....do  . 

do 

);< 

i 

14 

• 

t 
t 

T.qundrignttata(  H. ) 
...do 

Europe 

....do 

ir> 

10 

j 

17 

f 

j  T.  graniilatiiiii  K.  &.  \i.. 

T.  liirtiim  K.  A  H 

I  L.  cheiracantliaK.  il-  H 

'  Balticainlior 

i         do 

Lii'nriaii 

1 

18 

f 

do 

1<t 

t 

i....<lo 

.....lo 

20 

! 


fi24  TKUTIAHY  IN8KCTH  OK  NOUTII  AMKItK'A. 

MVHI'KMATIC  LiHT  OK  TIIM  MrKCIKH  URHCKIIIKH  in  TIIK  I'KKHKNT  WoHh,  KTl'.— C'oiitiniiuil. 


8yNt«iiiiitlu  llHt  <if  it|Mici<)ii. 


Luvatltii'M  wliuro  foiitiil. 


nriMi|M,  Ki'iii'ni,  iiikI  a|iBoit'H. 


I  OlIIIITKI.AItl  I  . 

I  Teti'iiKniitbii  tertiiiriii 

'.'  TotliiDMiH  giiyot  i 

:i  Trtliiii'iiH  oli)liiriitMN 

I  TollinuuH  hviit/.ii 

'■  Totliiiuim  provei'tiiH 

It  Kpcii'it  niuokii 

7  K|ii>ira  aliHcniidit.i 

H  Kpcira  delita 

!l  K|it'ini  cineriiutii 

Ill  KpiMra  viilvaiiHliH 

I I  Kpcira  I'liiortoiii 

I'i  Kpt-ira  np 

1:1  E]H>ira  Hp 

M  Kpi'ira  Hp 

l.'i  Nepliilii  pi'iiniitipt-.s 

NBUROPTERA. 
I  TIIYSANIRA. 

lUl.LoSToMA. 

Id    I'laniivcplialiiH  awlloiilcH.. 

LKI'tHMATII).!-:. 

17  LopiHiKa  platyiijcra 

TKHMITINA. 

18  Puroteriiics  inNit;iii.s 

III  Paroteriiii-8  liagciiii 

20  I'arof ornit>8  fi>iliiM> 

'i\  IIiMlotfMiicg  colorailoiiHiH.. 

'^2  I'.iitcrnii'H  fe!iHariiiii 

'j:i  Ktiti'rniefiiiii'aiiji 

I                 I'SOt'INA. 
'J4    PbropaiiciiN  iliNJiiiK'iiiH 

'  El'HEMKUIIi.K. 

'^'t    Eplicnicra  taliilica 

'X    Kliliviiivra  iniiiiiiliiliN .. 

•^  I  Epiieniora  iiiacilenta 

2H    EphfiiuTa  piiiiiicnHa 

'JQ    Eplicniora  iutereiiipta  .... . 
'M    EpLoiucru  ojiBucca 


I'aHK. 


S      fc'       5!      4 
I'lalu  ami    f  ^'  (5  «    S 


i    t£ 


(><hi|i>kIomI 
liiiri/oii. 


77 

78 
7!» 
HO 

HI  ' 
At  i 
84! 
H5  I 
ST)  I 
8<t 
S7  . 
88  { 
8!) 
Hll 
Kl 


II:    II       X     0|i)((M;eno.. 


II:  H,  10 

II:  ;ii 
II:  II 
1 1 :  -.'I 
II:  -i.  17 
11:  7 
11:  r. 
II:  It! 

II:  15.  I>.» 
II:     I 


X 
X 


II:  I'J      X 


.do  . 
.ilo. 
.ilo. 
..lo. 
.do  . 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.<!». 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


I      I      ;•       I 

!»4    KifiB.iiitvxt     X  ' I Oligocono  — 


lO-i 


la:   18      X       Ollgocone 


110  I  12:     a      X 


108       IV!;  l;i,  14      X     Oligoceiic. . . 

..do 

..do 

..do 

..do 


112  12:  :i,22      X 

113  12:     (>      X 
I  If)  i  12:  20  '   X 


115  :     12:  12,17  I   X 


118 


120 


5:  •■il 


.do. 


X  ' Oligoceno  (f). 


X <  1118000110... 


121 

I.'     .". 

122 

12.  4,10 

122 

12:  7,  I5,1C 

i";i 

1:^ 

12:    'J 

X 
X 
X 
X 


.do 

.do. 
.do. 


.do. 
.du. 


! 


If 


TABLE8-NEUHUPTRRA.  625 

DlHTIUIHITION   OK  TIIK  HPKCIltH  WITH    WHICH  THKY  AHK  CoMPAIIKn— OontllllMUl. 


Foull  apoolM. 

Kxislhig  H|HIV|«H. 

Nitliiu  of  (t|icvioH. 

Wlmro  found. 

H<iri/,oii. 

Niinu)  «il'n|irHii'M. 

Wlino  lIviiiH. 

• 

t 

T.  ({rnllatiir  lloiiU. 

EiiHl.  U.  H. 

1 

1 

7 

"t 

1 

,) 

r, 

o 

E.troHclivliiIWrtk  .... 

Rott 

i 

Aniiitiiiiiuiii 

! 

(! 

1 

7 

..  ' _ \._. 

H 

\) 

1             ■■    ■■ 

10 

11 

17 

ri 

■■"1 

11 

u 

N.  plimiiitcBKuch..'  SmiHi.  ir.  s 

ir* 

l)i 

— 

! 

17 

1H 

1  1<) 

•'0 

l'^ 

H.  insignia, BiH'ftiU»iliH.   Ot^ningiMi  — 

Tortoiiian 

'  ^'1 

1 

1 

i 

•?:t 

1 

'^4 

1 

1 

25 
20 
27 

2H 

:to 

1 

i 

1 

j 

1 

1 

1 

! 

1.... 

1 

VOL    XlII 40 


; ,  I 


(520 


TICUTIAUY  INBKCTH  ()!<'  NORTH  AMHUICA. 


HYHIKMAIII'    KIHI'  (II'    IIIK   Hi'KCIKH   DKHCUIUKIi   in    Tin:    I'llK.nKNr   WllllK,    KrC.^CollllllllllI, 


HyNlriiintln  IlHt  nf  Riioclm. 


<lriiii|iN, Ki'iii-rii, mill  nikcIi-n, 


•I 

1(1 
II 
l-J 

i:i 


II 

ir. 
in 

17 

1- 
i;i 

•jii 
•-'1 

•  HI 

•.':i 
'.'I 


•jii 

•J7 


•Jll 


Ol  ION  ATA. 

AlillloNINA. 

I lymtKrioii  I'lrili'rlt'ii  ......  ... 

l)}'Mii){rl<Hi  lakrnii 

DynuKrIiiii  paikiirilii 

rixliiKriiiii  aliortiviiiii 

Lilliii;;rliiii  liyiiliniiiii 

IJlliiiKrion  iimliratiiiii , 

A^rioii  iiiiiitrvHveiiH 

AKiioii  cxHiilariH 

Ai;rioii  tt'lliirm , 

.V.HCIIMNA. 

.ICm'Iiiiii  Kiiliiln 

.KKcliiia  Hi'imruta 

.VNi'liiiu  larvata 

I.IIIKI.I.ri.lNA. 

I.ilii-lliila  H|> 

I'l.ANirKNNIA. 

SlAl.lNA. 

CoryilnlitfH  r<>ciiii(liiiii  

Knpliiilia  traiii|iiillit 

Iiiiii'cllla  vutitraiia 

Iiincfllia  KiiiiiiioliMiln 

Iiiiii'i'llia  til II, II lata 

liicicellia  t-Vfiila 

IlKMKIKllllNA. 
( lHlll.\  lllH  l<'i|llirtim 

Iliilliriiiiiivriiitiim  lacliliiiil 

I'ala'iH'liryHa  htriotu 

'IrilioiliryNa  vctiimiila 

TriliiiclirvNU  i:ii'i|iiiili.i 

TriliixlirvHH  tiriiiata 

I'AXlilll'IK.l-;. 

I|iilriir|ia  iiiai  iilii.ta 

I 'aiinr|ia  ri^iila 

THICIIOI'TKKA. 

IIVIlllllPSYCIlin  K 

llvilropsyclir  opcrta 

lly(lrop»y('lii>  iiianL'iiN 

PolyriMitropiiH  fXCNiiH 


N. 

l.iiialll 

I'M  \\ 

lii<ro  I'liiiiiil, 

-=1    ~i 
5     ,5 

I'mk*'. 

riutit  uiiii 

IlKiiri'. 

A'  «,\n.  u,  III,  It,  ir 

a 

1- 

> 

r 

X 
X 
X 
X 

S 

(Ii'iilii^jcal 
liiirl/oii. 

i;hi 

Ollt(oi'«iic  .  ., 
....ilii 

i;w 

IIM 

1):  l,:i,  11 

ti;  7,H 

l:l:  4 

i:i:   1-^,14 

i:i:  H.K 

■  :i:    11 

i:»:  10 

i:i:     1 
i:i;  1,'-. 
i:i:  11 

I'l:  4,  Iti 

(I    v;  ijiii.i»  ( 

11:      -i 
14:     1 
14;  1'.' 
14:   1.-. 

-  • . . 

1 

t»4 

III.') 



....«lo 

.....lo 

i:hi 

X 

i:iH 

140 

X 
X 
X 

X 
X 
X 

.... 

....(to 

•  •••do 

143 

Oli){(iuiili«  .,., 
.,..(1,. 

144 

t4.'> 

14t) 

X 

OjJKiit't'Ilii.... 
I^araiiiio 

14U 

CC, 

IM 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
.... 

;< 

X 
X 

Oliffiii'i'tio. . .. 
....do 

ir>*i 

ir>7 

....ilo 

ir.- 
iiiii 

.... 

do 

..ill, 

iipj 
it>i 

U'lti 
170 

II:  :l,H 

2:  7-III 

11:   l:i,  11 

14:  '.• 

" 

.... 

t^ 



OIIkuciiiiu,.  .. 

....do 

....do 

170 

....do 

l''i 

14:11,7.10,11 
14:  4,.j 

X 

X 

X 

...do 

174 

t  HiKocrlll'.  . .  . 
...do 

17ti 





IMO 
IrtO 
IHl 

.■.:  .->•.',  ,-.:t 
1.'.:  7 

X 
X 

X 



i  >lij;on'iit). . . . 
Olij;ori*iiii .  .    . 
....do 

TA1JLH8— NKlJKOrTKllA.  687 

DlHTKIIltlTIIlN   i>V  TMK  Hl'KCIKH   WITH    WIIK^II   'I'llKV   Alt!'.   I 'oMI'AUKIi- < 'iHltlllllUll, 


KtNMll  H|M)V1|^N, 

Kxi«tili)(  Hporit'N. 

1* 

Naiiiu  ol*  NpuclnH. 

Whuru  fuum*. 

llurl/.oii. 

Nuiiiii  of  Kiiuuluit. 

VVIinru  living. 

• 

-•       « 

1 

)l 

:i 

0 

p.  innvruiHiH  HelyH  . 

Vtiiiu/.iiula 

4 

n 

It 

7 

. 

H 



U 

/K.  coimlrirtii  H»y.. 
i'G.,|iuiiilit  Suy 

Nortliurn  U.  8  . 
Nuw  KtiKlaiiil.. 

10 

11 

12 

1 

i:i 

-,,, 

t 

CoryiluliiMcoriiiitiiH. 

Norlliorn  V.  8. 

14 



15 

10 

17 

1 

18 

! 

19 

! 

O.  pictuH  HttKun 

HultiuitiiiUor. 

ao 

1 

21 

22 

...        .1 

2:i 

24 

2.1 

20 

1 

27 

1 

1 

'ffl 

'f) 

1 

;») 

628  TEBTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTH  AMEKICA. 

SV8TK.MATIC   LlST  OK   TllK   SPKCIKS   L)K8CI<IIII'.I>   IN   TIIK   rilKSFNT   WollK,    KTC— Cotllillllt'll. 


SyHtoiiiutio  list  uf  HitecicM. 


Groiipii,  };uucra,  ami  spccicH. 


8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 

15 
Hi 

17 

18 

l'.> 

I 

at. 


aa 
a:t 

A". 

a<) 


ai) 
:io 
:ii 
:!a 


HVKIIOI'SYCIIID.K— C'n'tl 

I'olyceiitropim  eviratim 

Dcrobrdcliiis  a!istnii'lii» 

Ueruliroeliiis  cii'iiiik'HtiiH 

DoniUrocliiiN  a-tvriiiiH 

DerobrochiiH  coiniuoratiiH 

Dt'i-iiliroi'liiM  iiiai'cidiis 

DiM'olinivliiiN  frijreoceDg 

I)urulii>>vUii8  cintera' 

Liioliroi'liiiH  rxternatiis 

L«>|it(ibr<)L'liiis  Iiiteii8 

MeHolinicliiiH  Icthii'iu   

MeHoliruclniH  iiiibovilliis 

Paladivflhi  eriiptioiim 

Tiuodi's  [la I  inline II a 

Lkptockkid.k. 

Soto<lrH  portiuiialis 

St'to<les  abbreviata 

LiMNoriiii.iii.i':. 

Lininophiliit)  soporatiiH 

Iiiiliisia  calcu>o)ta 

rilKYOANID.K. 

fi'eiiroiiia  ovancsci'im 

Pbryuaii.-a  lal«'l'ai'ta 

LiiiiiiopxyL'bL-  ilmperHa 

ORTHOPTERA. 

KoiiKK  ri.Aiii.i-;. 

Labi<liir<>ii.iiia  a  via 

I.abitliiroiiiiiia  bnriiiaiisi 

I.abidiiroiiiiui.  iiinrlalc 

Libiiliiriiiniiiii  ('iiiiiiiiixliiiii 

i.abiiliirnniiiia  ti'iii.iriiiiii 

Labiiliirniiii.ia  gilbrili 

J>abiitiiroiiiiiia  cxHiilaliiiii 

Labiiliirniiiiiia  lilliii|ibiliiiii 

r.abiriirniiiiiia  Hp 

l.aliiiliiroMiiiia  iiiforiiiiiii 

I.abiiiiiriiniiiia  Inlteim 

IlI.ArTAIlI.K. 

I'uralutiuUia  NaiiHitiiri'i 


Pagu, 


Iria 
IK\ 
1'3 
184 
184 
185 
185 
18(> 
18(i 
187  i 


Plato  aud 
tiguro. 


13: 


188 
189 
189 
19U 

IIM 

19a 

193 
194 

19f. 
197 
199 


acr 
ao(i 
a(iT 
a(i8 
at  19 
ail 
aia 
ai3 
ai4 
ai4 
ai4 

«16 


15 :     a 

15:  f),  l(i 

l;i:  13;  15:4 

15:   10 

15:     1,3 

15:   11 

15:  13 

15:  14 

ir,:    9 

15:  15 


15:  5 

4:  4 

13 :  3 

13:  5 

13:  a 


III  3.  V  ii.n,  XI 
Iti:     1 

Hi:  a,(i,ao 

111:  10,17 

I(i:l5, 18,ai 

ir>:  14 

It; 
l(i 
Iti 
Iti 


la 

19  ! 


a4 

7 
lt):9, 13,  Iti 


G:  a5 


Liocalitiea  where  fouuil. 

Geological 
liorizou. 

c 

si 

> 

♦J 

Is 

6 

ll 

.Jt. 

li 

5 

X 

Olifjoceno  .  .. 
.  ...lo  .  

.....lo 1 

do                i 

X 
X 
X 

.'.'.'. 

X 

do              i 

X 

.  do 

X 

do 

X 

do 

X 

do 

X 

do 

X 
X 

....do 

do 

X 

X 

do 

X 

Oligoveuu \ 

do 

X 

X 

Oligoi'one 

1 

Uli|riicciie 

do 

H.C. 

X 

X 

X 

.     do 

X 

Oligoct'im 

....do 

.     do 

X 
X 

.... 

X 

\ 

do  . 

X 

■■••l 

...do 

X 

.    do 

X 

...  i 

do 

X 

do  . 

X 

...J 

...do  . 

X 

....do  .   .     . 

X 

do 

X 

_\ 

Oligocenc 

TABLES— OBTHOPTEUA.  629 

Distribution  op  thr  .Spkciks  with  which  Thky  ark  Comi>ai<ed— Contiuuod. 


Fo88il  specirs. 

Kxistiu);  8|M)cioH. 

•*.  a. 

il 

N]un»  of  spocioH. 

Where  fouiul. 

Horizon. 

bti'S 

Nnmeof  HpecioH. 

VVbero  living. 

1 
2 

;! 

4 

7 
H 
t) 

• 
10 

11 

12 

i:. 

14 

15 
10 

17 

18 

19 
20 
21 

22 
2.1 
24 
*)\ 

■ 





L... 



,,... 



"0 

27 

2H 

2y 
;to 
'ti 

' 



:i:t 

f    ':^ 


■    I  .'! 


,    ;f 


1530  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTB  AMERICA. 

SY8TKMATIC  I.isT  OK  TiiK  SPKCiKs  Dhsciiiiirii  IN  tiik  Phksknt  Work,  ktc— Continued. 


Systeuiatiu  lUt  of  HpccicM, 


Groiip8,  );onern,  and  siiecit^H. 


Blattari.*:— Continnod, 

1     Zotoborn  bruniiori 

'i  ,  Honiu!0(;ainiit  VL-ntriosii 

riIA.SMII>A. 

Agathenicra  reel  iihh 

AcRinii. 

Tnixaliilir. 

4    Tyrbiila  iimltispiiiona , 

G    Tyrbiilii  niNHi'lIi 

6  GoinpIioccruN  ubHtnisiiN 

(I'dijHiiliiUr. 

7  Nanthncia  torpUla 

8  fEclipoda  pru'focatii , 

0    TapbacrJH  rcliqiiata 

LocfSTARl.t:. 

Phyllophonda: 

10  Lithynineteg  giittntim 

I'sfuAHphiiUiihy. 

11  Cymatomora  macnlata 

ConocephiitiAiT. 
13    Orcbeliniiiin  pincidiim 

13  j  Locusta  silcDH 

(IryUacridiKUr. 

14  j  Gryllacri8  cineriH 

15  I  LocDBtariii- Hp 

I  (jRYLUDES. 

16  Primeniobius  iudaratiiH 

17  I'rniienui)iiii8  tiTtiuriiiH 

16     l*roneti:(il)iii.s  Kiiiltliii 

HEMIPTERA. 
IIOMOI'TKIJA. 
Cornii.K. 

19  MoDopbli>biiN  NJiiipli'x 

Al'lIIDKS. 

Aphidinir. 

20  Cat anenra  abwim 

21  CataniMira  rilryi 

'ii    ArchiliiL'liniiH  pcnnaliiH 

'j:i    ArcbilacbniiH  iiiiul);(M 

'J4    (ittrancon  duvJHii 


Page, 


217 
21H 

219 


221 

222 
22:1 

224 

225 
22(> 


229 

a:to 

2:11 
•j;!2 

2;t» 

'iX, 


•12 


24.-) 
24.'i 


Plate  and 
tigiire. 


Localitioa  where  found. 


a 


O 


17:  12     X 
17:    >-      X 

17;  11      X 


17:  13  X 

17:  1-4  X 

17:  (1  X 

I 
X 

17:  5  X 

12:  H,  19  X 


'     17:   14, 1.''.      X 
17:  7 

17:  lt;.18,19 

17 :  9, 10      X 

17:  17      X 


li:  18    ....1  X 
<i:  13,21,2:1  '....'  X 
ti:  22    ...       X 


247  !  18:  1,15-17 

217 

2lrt , 


i 
"a 

■=1 


O   X 

J3 

5 


Ooological 
horizon. 


Ollgoceue. 
...do 


Oligocene 


Oligooene... 

....do 

...do 


Oligocenc. 

....do 

....Jo 


Oligocene.. 

Olijjoci'ne.. 

Oligocene.. 
....do 


Oligocene... 
...do 


I  Oligocono.. 

j....do 

..do 


Oligocene, 


Oligocene. 

.    ...do 

do 

.    ...do 

.l....do 


#•,   !     '  "I 


TABLES— HP.MIPTER  A.  631 

Distribution  of  the  Spkcirs  with  which  They  ark  Comparbd— Continuwl. 


FoBsil  species. 

Kxisting  species. 

L.S" 

H 

NaiiiP  of  species. 

Where  found. 

Horizon. 

D  5 

Name  of  species. 

Where  living. 

1 

2 
4 







1 ' 

:         1 

....! . 

i 

1 

7 
8 
U 

10 

11 

12 
13 

14 

15 

10 





t 
t 

O.concinniirn  Sciidd 
L.occidcntalis  Tlmni 

NorlhoniU.S  .. 
California 

j 

1        [ 
.1 ; 

^            .,1     .. 



17 

IH 

o 

M.  pcuuatuii  (i.  A  li. .. 

lialtic  aiiilier. 

L.;:Mriaii  .. 

' 

■  ' 

I'J 

•>0 

1 

u 

'>•! 

■ 

'J4 

6,12  TKIITIAKV  INSECTS  OF  NOHTir  AMKUICA. 

SVMI'KMATIC   LI8T  OF   TUB   SPECIES   DRSCUIBRU   IN  TIIR   I'KBSENT  WoitK,    RTC— CouUllUOd. 


Systemutic  list  of  specieH. 


Loualitieg  wberu  found. 


Groiipa,gouera,  and  species. 


1 

a 

•i 
4 

r. 

G 

7 

H 
9 
10 
11 
12 
i:! 

14 

15 

1(> 
17 
18 
10 
'iO 

iil 


2t 

•j:. 
2.; 

•27 

28 
2U 


Page. 


AiMdina^ — Cont'd. 

Ooraueon  petroriim 

Sbpnupliiii  <|iioaucli 

SbenaphiM  ulileri i 

Slicnnpliis  Inssa ' 

Aiiliantaphis  uxBiicii 1 

Sipluinoplioruides  un  iqua > 

SiplionuplioroidfH  rnlln.!HqiuM j 

8ipliun<>plioini(U-N  propiiiqiiii ' 

l.ithnpliiN  dinitii  ' 

Tephruplii.s  ximplux 1 

To]>Iir:ipliis  walshii ] 

A])hiiIop!<iR  siilitorna 1 

AjiliiddiisiH  liar;{t'ri i 

Aphidopsis  liitariu 

Apliidiip.sisniurgariim. . 

AiihidupHJH  dalli 

ApliidupHiH  eiiiaciata 

ApbidopmtiHp 

Oryctapliis  rt-cnniAita 

OrvctaphiH  Ifsiieuirii 

Syfliiiol>ri)cliHH  if vivi'sceni* 

Schizuneurimv. 

ScliizoneiiriiidesHciidderi 

Am  ilaiicDii  lutoMiiH 

AiKcinatiin  (IdrmioHiiH 

Aiii'oiialiis  liiiL'kloiii 

l*(rl'i)>iti;;iiia  ri'oiiivtiiu 

Ptviost ijjiiiu  iiiffrum 

Psrtuo.i-:. 

Necntpsjlla  ii«i€i» 

CatupHyllu  prima 

KULOOHtNA. 
fmli/urula . 

Nyctc'pliylax  iibi«-ri 

Xyi'topliyla.'s  vigil ...__.  . .  ..„  „i^ 

Apliiiiia  atava , 

Apliaii.i  lot  unci i|>eiiiii» 

Ly^tra  liiliardHoui 

Lyttra  leui 


Plato  and    *  5  «  ^ 

Hguro.      .2^  gt:' 


6 

•So 

n 


Ocological 
liorizuu. 


270       12:  11,21      X 
•JS' X 


*»  I  19:  11 

aw  j  l-t:     H 

**l   :       .".:  9»i,97 
282  fi:  27 

2h:{  '■  M. »,  ^1. "  i,:t 
U&i\  7:2 


X 

X 

.X 


„,..! 


Oligocene. 
....do 


Oligoi-tMie... 

...do 

()li;,'<)cclli'  (f). 
Oli^occni!... 

,...do 

do , 


ft 


TABLES— HKMIPTERA.  633 

DisTiiiBUTioN  or  TiiK  Species  with  which  Tiiey  aur  Compakbd— Continued. 


Fossil  species. 

Ezistini;  species. 

il 

5.2 

Name  of  species. 

Where  found. 

Horizon. 

Name  of  species. 

Wlicro  living. 

1 
2 

.... 

.... 

.... 

4 

.... 

.... 

.... 

7 
H 
9 
10 
It 
12 
13 
14 
l.'i 
11! 

18 
1!» 
20 
31 

22 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 



.. 

.... 

.... 

24 

1 

.... 

j 

27 

28 
29 

30 
31 
32 



1 

.... 



1 

[ 

i 

1 

34 

3r. 

1 

....1 

'if 


684  TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Sybtkmatic  List  ok  thr  Spkciks  Dehcribkd  in  tiir  Pkesbst  Work,  etc.— Continued. 
Systuniutiu  list  uf  nihiuioh. 


Qroups,  gonrra,  and  Hpocios. 


5 

G 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

IC 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 
22 
23 

24 

25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

:t2 


I'nhjoridu — Cont'd. 

Fnlgora  grnniiloHn 

Kiilgnra  iKipnliita 

Fnlgnra  obtii'i'gcciis 

Iliilyoitliarida. 

Dictyoplinrn  lioiivcl 

t'ixiiiUi. 

Cixins  hcHpcrldiini 

Cixiiis  proaviiK 

Oliariis  Infi'iisiH  

DIupIegiiia  lialdiMiiiini 

l>iiipltj);iiia  vctiTiiNi  rns 

Diupleginn  alxliii'tiiiii 

Dinple^ina  vi'iu'raliilc 

Di.iplpgina  occiillonim 

DiaplffTiiia  niino.siiiii 

Diaplof^iiiK  (ibdoriiiitnin 

Ollarlte.s  torrent ii la 

Florissaiitia  t'l")jaii>i 

Dillilidciila. 

Drlpbax  senilis 

!  Planoplilelii A  uiKantea 

Achiliilii. 

]  Elidiptcra  re(;ularis 

I  Hicaniida. 

Hatnmaptcryx  reticulata 

/7(i  tida . 

LitbopNiH  liiiiliriata 

Litbopsis  eliiiifjata , 

I  Ficarasites  Hticinatieiini , 

I  .Iassikks. 

Tt'ttigonia  priscHiiiarijiiiata 

Tetf  igonia  priseotiiieta 

'IVttigoiiia  piisiovarii  jiata 

Tcttigiinia  old  eel  a 

'  Hythosciipiis  lapidesrens 

A};allia  lewisii 

Agallia  tiaccida 

Aijallia  iiistabilis 

1  Agalliu  abstructa 


Pago. 


284 

284 
285 

286 

287 
287 
288 
289 
290 
290 
291 
2tU 
292 
292 
293 
294 

295 
21Hi 

'M7 

298 

300 
301 
301 

3(l-.' 
:!(K! 
303 
304 
305 
305 
306 
306 
.307 


I'Ocalities  w 

lioru  found. 

Geological 
horizon. 

riatti  and 
tl'ju:'o. 

6:  :J5 

7:  16 

19:    1 

21:  16 

6:  19 
19:  14 

7:  18 

a 

a 

X 
X 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

1 

a> 

r 

X 
X 

> 

e 

i 

British    Co- 
lumbia. 

Other  locali- 
1          ties. 

Oligo.iono 

....do 

....do 

Oligoceno 

Oligocenc 

....do 

X 

X 

....do 

....do 

....do 

15:    8 

....do 1 

....do 

....do 

...do 

X 
X 



....do 

7:  17 
19;  12 

5 :  95 
2:  16 

19:   13 

6:  M 

6:  36,37 
6:  28 
6:  20 

7;     4 
19 :    9 



5:  58.59 

5:  94 

19:  7,21 

19:  18 

21:    1 

19:    5 

X 

....do 

....do 

.... 

X 

Olignecnef  ..| 

S 

X 
X 

1 
Oligocene.... 

Oligoconc 

Oligoceue 

....do 

X 

X 
X 
X 

X 

....do 

Oligocene 

do 

X 

do 

X 

X 

Oligoceno  f  .. 
Oligocene  f  . 

Oligoci'ne i 

....do 

X 
X 
X 
X 

.... .. 

....do 

....do 

TABLKH— IlKMirTEHA.  "  (wtO 

DiSTItlnUTION   (IK  TIIK  Sl'l'.CIKS   WITH    WHICH  TllKY  AKK  Compauku— CoUtillUBll. 


FohhU  Hiit*i:i(tN. 

KxiHtillK    H|IUvi()H. 

It 

II 
=1 

Nuinti  (if  Hpucloa. 

When)  found. 

Horizon. 

-0. 

^1 

NllllKI  of  HpecltiH. 

Whon^  living. 

1 
2 

:< 

4 

1 

, 



7 
8 
U 
1(» 

u 

i:t 
14 

i 



,        1 



i 



- 

Hi 

17 

18 

19 
20 
'»1 

i 

.w 

1  

VI 

1       

t 

Aul.  immitiwCF.).- 
TiiU.  bulla  Walk... 

United  States.. 
Silliot 

•i,| 

Vi 

■ti 

07 

1 

"H 

1 

1 

\ 

1.... 

'f\ 

\-w 

\ 

i  ;ii 

.....-■ 

i 

—  i 

1:.2 

636  TKUTIAKY  hVSKCrrS  OF  NOKTU  AMKRICA. 

Svsti;matii;  List  oi'  tiik  Hi-KcrKs  Dksciiiiirii  in  tiik  I'iikhknt  Work,  ktc. —Continued. 


HyK'oniatic  Imt  ol'HpculvH. 


(Irniipg,  Koiiorn,  antl  HpevieH. 


U 

7 

H 

'J 

10 

11 


III 

14 
1ft 
10 
17 

1- 
VJ 
•,MI 
•Jl 
'J'i 


:n 
:w 

:i;t 

M 
:t:. 


.lAssiiiKfl—Cun  tinned, 
(i.vpoim  I'ini'iTia 

.IllHHllH  llltl'ld'll'   ...    

Tliiiiiiiiott'ttix  imitllatii 

Tliaiiiiiotottix  (jiiiini'tti  

TliaiiiiKitfttix  I'uikII 

Cicitdnliv  NaxoHa 

Acocoplinliis  a(la>    

A<'(i<'i'pli.'i1iiH  rallosim 

JasHiipsiH  ov  ideas 

Cd'Iidiii  coliiniliiana 

Cu'li'lla  wydiiiiiiKi'usi.s 

DoriniuB  imylloideH 

j  C'KKCOI'in.K. 

Cermji  da. 

CtTPopitns  iiniliratillH 

Cert'opites  calllHCfim 

Corccipis  Hi'hvyiii 

Cen'opis  ariiricli; 

Cep'opiH  NntVcicala 

Pi'tnilyHfra  nlnaiitca     

I'ctnilystra  limos 

l.oi^ritt'N  ciipiM 

I^ocrili's  wliitei 

I'alitcpliiira  iiiaciilata 

I'alecphora  pati-facta 

I'ah'pphora  iiiarviiit'i   

I'alccpliora  (MinniMiiilN  

I'alevpliuia  pra'valons 

I'aliTpl'.ora  iiiiiriiata 

Lilliri'plioia  si'tif^rra   

Litlii'i'iilmni  illa|>liaiia     

l.illii'cpliMia  Miiii'ciliir 

I.ilhi'cpliiira  iiiiiiata    

Prinecpliora  lialfcala 

AlihriijilHiriila. 

I'alaplircdi'N  riiicta 

i'alapliroili'Nolisriiia    

ralaplii'iiili'N  iri'i'giilariN   

I'alaplinidrH  iililii|iia   


Pajju. 


I'lato  ami 
li){iii'». 


;«)B 

aOH 

:iO!i 
\\m 

310 
310 
311 

:m 
:U2 
»i:t 
»i:i 
:il4 


31<i 
317 
318 
3lrt 
319 
3-.21 
3!W 
323 
324 
;«() 
;W7 

327 
32rt 
321) 

;«<• 
:»30 

330 
331 
331 
332 


21 


lU:     4 

:0;  lit 

7:     ti 

:  33 ;  7  :  .^ 

1<J:  20 

G:  26 

6:  'i. 

19:  l.'> 

19;  Ui 

2:  13 

4:    8 

19:  fi,17 


7:  9 

C:  32 

2:  14,l.-> 

7;  1.-. 

19:  2,3 

20:  5-7 

fO:    H 

21:   19 

21  :   17 

20:  10,17 

7:    7 

II  13.11:9.11 

I:  3,20,21 
I:  1;  21:2 
20:  15 
20:  22 
21  :  13 
4,.'>,11,14 
21;  3,H 
20:  n 


-     ^S 

a    _ '  > 


LoualitiuN  where  found. 


^1^. 


.     X 

.     X 


..:  X 


334 

;i3.-. 

33.-. 


X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
X 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


»i    hi.  ii    I)  X  '• 

21:18  X  . 

at :  a,  In ;  XI  ■  ft  ;  X 

21;  10  X  . 


•SB 

•c- 

« 


•3 


nool(>^ii'al 
iioi'izun. 


OlIgOCOIH).. 

.....lo 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do    .... 


M. 


T.  C.       01i)J0C(MH'  f 

oiim^ci'iK'.. 


Oligoi'ciie. 
....do  .... 


Olijjoccur. . 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do     .... 

....do 

....do 

....do    .... 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 


Oligoccne 

....do 

....do 

....do 


TABLK8— IlEMirXKKA.  6:}7 

DlHTIIIIIUTION  OK  TIIK  Hi'BCIKS   WITH   WllfCII  TllKY  ABB  COMI'AKKD— ColltlllllUll, 


Kutwil  HpecluH. 

ExiHtint:  Hiii'cti'H, 

^ 

NlUIIK  of  HllOCiL'M. 

Wbore  i'uuiid. 

<• 
Hori/.on. 

C 

'1 

Nuinu  of  H|ieuioH. 

Wburu  liviiiK. 

.... 

! 

.... 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

.... 

• 

.... 

.... 



I 

> 

— 1 

1 

i 

1 

! 

i 

i 

1 

1 

1 



i 

1 

.... 

... 

■■■ 

.1 

.|... 

. — 

•  1 

17 
IH 
11> 

ao 
ai 
■J:i 
u:j 
24 
as 
26 
27 
2H 
20 
•M 
:il 
:(2 


33 
34 

3r. 

3G 


038  TliUTlAUV  INSECTS  OF  NOltTU  AMKUIOA. 

HVttTKMATIO   LiHT  OK   TIIK   H|>KCIK8   I)KMCI(IIIRI)   IN    IIIK    I'llKKKM'   WollK,   KTC.— ColltlnUud. 

8yNt4iiiiatiu  livt  uf  HpouiuM, 


(jroupH,  {{cuuru,  and  bihioIoh. 


<) 
10 

11 
Vi 
13 

14 

15 

1*> 
17 
li^ 

H> 

ao 
a  I 
aa 
2:1 
ai 

af) 

27 
39 


I  Jphrophnrida— dm 

I'alaphroilfa  trniiBwriiii 

A|iliri>|i1iora  h|) 

t'luHl(i|it«ra  ciiiiiNtoi'ki 

I  HKTEKOPTKKA. 

'  CimixiD.K. 

rnmlgara  tlubplliim 

Corixa  varidiizi'i'i 

Corixa  iiimicrHa 

NoTOXKCTIII.E. 

Notonucta  ciin'rHoni 

(jIaI.OI'I.ID.E. 

Necygoiiii8  rutniKlntiitt 

VKuu>.e. 

I'alatuveliaBiiiiioHn 

■Stvnuvelia  nigra 

HVDItOIIATlD.t:. 

TeliuatrocliiiH  dtali 

Toluiatri'i'liim  iiaralli^liiit 

MetroUatega-teriialiH 

Kkduviidji:. 

Eotliex  elegaiiH 

TaguludcH  iiicnnm 

'riN<illill).l-;. 

I'ichiiia  riitiiiitla 

Moiiaiilliiu  vcttTtia 

KotiiigiN  aiilfiiiiata 

ACASTIIIII>  1:. 

LyctocoriN  turrt-im 

('Arsiii.f:. 

Cl<>Hter»ci>ris<'lf};iiiiH 

Carinvlim  grnvatiisi 

Carnirlim  ite|>()Hitii8 

FiiiiL'ii.s  faiatiiH 

]'ii>(>iloca]i8im  l'ri-iiii>ntii 

I'lruilocajimiH  vctcraniluH 

I'lroilocapHim  vi'tprnoMiiH 

V ilo(:i|)NUh  taliidiig 

ril'cilucapsllN  IIHtl'IltllH 

CaiwUHobfH  IcfactiiH 


I'agiv 


:<4ki 

a4;  7 

X 

■MM 

a4:  10 

X 

■MA 

a  1 :  <; 

X 

MX, 

**'2 '  '» 

X 

:«>r> 

-M:  :i 

X 

■M'A\ 

■J\:  U 

X 

:«.7 

y 

■Mn 

at :  ri 

X 

:ww 

a  1 :  a 

y 

:!tiH 

a:i:  1:1 

X 

.{  \-l- 


TABLKS— [lEMll'TIillA.  639 

DiHTKlllI'TION  Of  TIIK   HI-KC1K8   WITH    WHICH    TllKY     UIU  CoMI'AKItl>— t'olltlUllml. 


KtlHHil  H|ieciuH. 

ExIntliiH  H|H<ui<iN, 

is 

Nuiiio  ul  H|>«viu8, 

Wlioro  fuuud. 

Ilorizou. 

1 

Whuru  Uviiif(, 

1 

.. 

^; 

C,  intt'rruptiiSa.v.. 
C.hflluimiiHithlb.. 

Uuitud  HtutoH.. 
Kurope 

t 

llyB-reiiiisiHfi^ivv.) 

Atlautio  StatuH. 

1 

! 1 

! 

1 

1 

i              ■ 

1 

1 

, .  .  i 

1 

■                         ;         1 
1 i 

' 

i 

i 

(j 

IMiyt.  involutUH  Qtirrii  . 

do 

Ualtio  umber, 
ill) 

Ligiiriau  .. 
..do    

c 

C  parvuH  Dist  .... 
....do 

Coil.  America  . . 
do j 

! 

P.  ormitulim  (Stal.)     Mexico 

t 

P.  frcmoiitii  ScudU 

Florissant . . . 

...  - 

i,... 

1 
1 

4 

& 
U 

7 

8 

'.) 
10 

11 
\'i 
13 

14 
15 

IG 
17 
Iri 

19 

•40 
21 
li2 
23 
24 
20 
2G 
27 
28 
25) 


I 


640 


ThilTlAUY  INttKCTtt  UF  NOUTU  AMUUICA. 


HVKrKMArtr   r.INT  ny  TMK  NI'KCIKM  DRMCIilllKIt  IN    tllr    rilRMKNT  WiillK,   KTO.— ContilllliMl. 


Hyiiloiiiatlo  lUt  of  Hpflcioit 


OroiiiiN,  Kunura,  iiiiil  H|Mi('ii<ii, 


I  Cai>hiii,I':— C'ltiitiiiiiuil 

I  CapNIIH  lllCllH 

'J  A|Hir<'iiiJk  |irii'Htrlrtiini 

:l  IIikII'UIII'IIIII    t'itllTCNI'lMIN 
I'llYSAI-OKKH 

■I  Mi'liiiintliripN  rxtiiK-tn 

:■  l.illiiiil<)tlirl|m  vfftuat* 

li  I'lilii'iilliripN  fiiHNiliit 

Uxii.y.w.r.. 
I  l.jiijivinii 

7  LyK"'<i* '*(<>''<"''■'* 

H  L,V((II'IIN  (lIlHIlloHCI'IlK.  ... 

t)  !.}};'■''>'*  rii'i'iilKiitiiN 

10  N.VNiiiN  viiictiiH 

U  NyHiiiit  vt't'iiln 

Vi  NyitiiiH  tritiin 

l:i  NyNiiiH  li-rrii' 

U  Nyiiiim  Hirufim   

l,''!  (ffocoriii  iiil'«rniiriiiii 

lUiliaimiHa, 

It!  I'riirropliiiiM  ('iitiiiiiuniii 

17  I'l'iHTopliiiiN  coHtaliM 

Iri  I'roi'riipliitiH  Iuii^iii'Iih 

,l/yi"f(><7iiNri 

I'.l  l.i);yri<curiH  exmictiiH 

■.'11  .'^li'iiiipiiiiiiTii  ti'iifliriKsa 

•.'1  ■'^li'iiopiiiiKTii  Mubtfrrfji 

'.*■.'  ('atopaiiirni  iiiiKlicvi 

'i'.i  ('atopainiTit  l:ru<llryi  . 

Mi  I'liriiilopanii'ra  wIIhoiiI 

'J.'i  I'liriiilopaiiiiTa  cliittt'iiilriii 

2li  (.'lioliila  tri^iillalu 

'J7  LitlioeiiriN  fviilniiH 

•JH  Ciipliocoris  ti'iii'liricosiiN  . 

•J'J  KiiiiirilrH  BiTi'sc  TtiH 

:<U  I  ProciiriH  Naiii'tii'jolianiiiB 

;ll  Pnioiirit  licclilfri 

:\\i  CtcDarorlN  pi'iiiii){oiiiiH 

;i:i  Tiapi'/oiiotiis  ttxtorniinatiifi I 


1     / 


rr 


TAliLHS-IIKMIl'TKItA. 


641 


l>l»THllii'iii>N  i\v  TiiK  ,si'i;(ii:s  Willi  Willi  II    Tin  v    uik  Cn.Mi'Uir.K -CiHitlniiiMl. 


KonmII  n 

wvivn. 

KxllitlllK  N 

mnlim. 

^1 

Niiiiir  o|  MpfvicH, 

VVIit-m  I'oMt.il. 

Htti'i/.ort. 

NllMIC  III'  M|lful«H, 

WIllTK  liviliu, 

1 
U 

:i 

4 

n 
(1 

7 

8 

V 

10 

u 

l!i 
19 
14 

15 

ir. 

.... 

1 
II.  iiillltiii'iN  rill..  1   WoMternU.H  .. 

i  ._i 

. 



■■■■| 1 

i 

1 

,^ 





i 

.... 

\ 

1 

!■■■• 

.... 

i 
• .... 

18 
10 

•.'1 

1 

:         ! 

!                            (                        '     "(                                          

1                                               \ 

1 

2.'-) 

a? 

28 
20 
:!0 

:ii 
:i2 

1                                    ' 

1                                                      

i                         : r--  

i                                    : 

i                                                                                                      1                                        

1                                                                                            ; 

i 

, 

1      i 

1 '.".'.'.''.z':z::::::::/::::.:::z^ 

viir.  XIII 11 


WM 


Ml  -M I ' 


i  w. 


M  I 


I;- 


642  TEUTIAUY  rNSK(3TS  OF  NOKTII   AMKUIOA. 

.SVSTKMATIi'    I.IST  (IK   TIIK.   Sri'.CIKS    l)i:sil!Illi:il    IN    TIIK    I'llKSKNT   \Vl>UK,   I'.TO.  — CotllinilCMl. 

Syntonintic  list  of  ppccioH. 


Groups,  gvneri),  and  HiiccicM. 


:» 
4 

r. 

6 
7 
8 
<l 
10 
11 
I'i 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
« 

2;i 


25 
2.i 
27 
2H 
2U 
30 
31 

:w 

X< 

34 

35 


J/,i/«''i>(7(iH(i  — Con  I '<1, 

'rrapfZonotiiH  stygiuliK 

Lcuiiica  lioliiu'sii 

Liiiiiii'a  piitiiiimi 

Liniiii'ff  aliolita 

Linnii'a  farccratu 

LiTiiiifa  cvolnta 

;  Linuita  gravida 

RliyparochroiiiiiN  vorrillii      

Pacliyiiipriis  potrcnNis 

TiroiiiiTiiH  tiirpffactiis 

Tiromei  118  taliitlnim 

Litliocliriiimis  gardncii 

l^itliorliioiiiiiN  oliHti'irtiiN 

LitliocliroMiiiH  iiioi tiiarlii8 

LithochroimiH  extriiiii'iiH 

Coiitiirhroiiiiis  iiiaiiiii!ii 

I'rdlygii'UM  iiiuiidatiis 

Necrocliroin'is  cockcrrlli   

Nocrocliroiiins  labatns 

Nt'rioi'liroiiitis  Huxit'ii  MS 

Kxi trills  <'XHaiiij;iiiw 

Cryptoc'liroiim.H  letatiiK 

I'lirrlioiorinn. 

ItyHdt'rcii«  ci net  118    

Dysdercns  iinicolor  

CoHF.iru:. 

^'ort-hiti. 

Aimsa  prisro|iiiticla   

Aclirestocoris  ciiiiirariiis 

I'hthiiKK'oris  <olli;;afii.H 

I'litliii'iicoris  li'lliar;;i<ii8 

I*hlliiniirori8  laii);iii<liis 

I'lilliiiioeoris  pi'lraMis 

I'ii'zocoris  jieritim 

I'u'zororiH  roiiijiactiliK 

I'iozocoriB  ptTeiiiptiis 

Ali/dinii: 

r-nalydns  lapHiiH 

('aualydiis  exHtirpatiis 


I'age. 


mi 

307 
397 
3'J8 

\m 

.W 
3!)!» 
400 
401 
40-' 
40-i 
403 
403 
404 
404 
405 

4IN; 

407 
107 
407 
40- 
400 


Plate  and 

(igiirp. 

27  : 

11 

23  : 

10 

23 

:  4 

23 

:  2 

23: 

21 

23  : 

10 

23:   15 

30 

70,71 


2ti:  10;  27:  S  I   x 

X 

20:  2 

ii:  li 


13 

111 
14 


27; 


41(1   •,..»:  l|.i;i.l4 
411'    


11-' 

24  :  4 

ll.i 

•J2:   1 

111 

22:  3 

115 

•-'»; : 

<7;27:1- 

115 

27:  ti 

llil 

117 

25:  If) 

iir 

117 

20:  14 

419 
420 


4'.:  12  I  X 
25;  3  I   X 


J  i     Kt 


TABLES— IIEMIPTEFiA.  648 

UisTKUUMiox  OK  tin:  SrEuins  with  wiuuii  Thkv  aiuc  Cv>'.:....«;d— C'outiuitod. 


Fossil  8] 

c'cics. 

Mr 

«1 

ExiBting  Bpecies. 

:t 
u 

Ft 

Niitiii'  (il'specieH. 

Where  CoiiikI. 

llorizciii. 

Naiiio  ot'H|i»H'i«8.            Whom  living. 

I 

O 

Pacli.  fascintiiH  Ilccr   .. 
Piifli.  piilclioUiis  llll  T  . 

Aix 

.-     .1..     

Li^iiriati 

f 

o 

...do 

\\ 

" 

/[ 

f, 

1 

(( 

' 

7 

.::: ............... 

[ 

K 

i        i                                      ' 

t) 

■ 

1  ■   ■  

10 

i        ' 

11 

' 

1'> 

i 

1 

rt 



14 

I 

1 

I'l 

t 
1 

i 

16 

!• 

1 

17 

-• 

! 

1H 

', 

1<) 

I 

j              ,    ,                                                               ; 

'?0 

1                                '                                                                                                                                                      ' 

"1 

'W 

i 

O'l 

1                t 

»1 

•") 

'T) 

1 

•>7 

i 

• 

9H 

1 

1                                   t                              ; 

»<» 

■ 

' i.... 

1(1 

'11 

' 

•\'> 

i                1 

•n 

i 

w 

L.J i i....i 

nr> 

«U4  TKItTIAUV  INSI'XITS  OF  NOUTIl   AMKRIOA. 

SV.SIKMATIC   I.isr  OK  TIIK   Si'KCIKS    DkSCHIIU'.O   IX    lilK    I'UKSKNT   WOKK,  KT(%— t'ollt illliwl. 


M 


Systeimitit'  list  of  HpetifM, 


licicaliticit  wlicru  I'iiiiikI. 


(iroiipH,  i;i'iii'ra,  itiiil  H|ii'rieN 


I  ;f 


8 

<» 

10 

II 

I'.' 

n 

14 

i:> 
It; 

17 
19 

^1 

22 
23 


21 

2.". 


2'.l 
ltd 
-.11 

;m 


Cvilaiiiim  niliiiHtiiN  . 
r:iriMliiriiiistiis  uliscisMii!*    .. 

I'aroilunnihtiiM  railiii'iis 

I'arodiiriiiiHtiis  cnllisuN. 
I'aroiliinniKtus  il.'li'ctiis . 
raioilaniiiHtiiM  i>\aiiiiiiatiis. 
ParodanniHtns  iiiliiliitiiN 
I'rolfiior  iinlinc'illU  . 

TeiKir  «p<0:',iii'ii' 

Ktircn'oris  iiifcriialiH. 
l{ln'iiiiioriH  i)ni'te('tim . 
Ulii'piicoriH  niacrt'NciMiH . 
Iflii'pocorm  pni'vali'im. 
Hlirpocoris  pri>piiii|naiii< 

hhepiicoriH  miiiiiiia 

Ortliriooorisa  Ioii|i;ip«'» 

I'liiiiilojihtiiiiia. 

Ili'i'ila  yiilosa 

Ht'tTJa  lapidoHu . 

Hceria  Cii'da 

Ciiriiida. 

t'ciriziiH  I  claliiH 

Coriziis  aliililiviiH   

Ciiriziis  MMiiiiiiriiiiK. 
CorizUN  ){iitt:itiiH . 

I'KNTATOMln.K. 

Cjiilnida. 

SliMioprlta  |iinic  til  lata 

l'lll(\(llMI'<  IHiillllH 

I'riM'ydiiiiH  d<!\  ictiiH  . 
rriMvdiiiiN  ilivrxii.s. 

I'roCVdilllM  l|Mil>tllH. 

I'mrvdniiH  ridiiiiiiiM  . 

rriHvdiiiis  \r>|i<'niH 

riMc\  diiii'*  tatdiii .    

l'ro<'\diiii-<  main  11  la  HUH 

Ni'croi'j '!iiii'<  '•  iili'MiiiiiH 

NccicM  ydiMw  (jii'.iiiii'iiNiH  ... 
Ni^rriHJtlliilM  It.iprliH 


nil 
I4t) 
III 
III 
442 
442 
443 
444 
44.-. 

ii:> 


2>';  ir. 
7:  lit 
7 :  22 


X     

X     


(»li)jiii'i-in> 
do 
do 
.lo 
do 
(lo 
do 
<lo 
(lo 
(lo 
do 
(lu 


TAI5LES— HEMIPTERA.  645 

DiSTKiBurioN  OK  TUB  Si'KoiKS  wiiit  WHICH  TiiKY  AitK  C'd.mpaiiku— Coutiuued. 


FosBil  species. 

Existing  HpecicH. 

Name  of  Hpecies. 

VVliero  foiiiul. 

Horizon,     g  g 

Name  of  specieit, 

Where  liTiiig. 

I 

i 

1 

a 

1 

...j : 

' 

3 

1  1 

4 

1'  1 

5 

1 

<^ 

1 

■  1 

7 

8 

9 

10 

U 

13 





i 

— 

14 

15 

16 

• 

n 

18 
19 

ao 

1 



i 

; 

1        '       /      .         

1 
1 

' 

1 , 

ai 

r  ■■ 

22 
23 

1 

:,          "       "         ,, 

24 

25 

26 

i 

1 

1 

27 

i "'  * 

i 

28 

! 

1 

29 

1 

3() 

!•••• 

1 

31 

! 

1 

38 

33 

34 

35 

646 


TUliTIAUY  INSKOTS  OV  NORTH   AMKUICA. 


SvsrK.M.vnr  I.isr  m    iili:  Si'kciks  |)KsciiMti.i>  in    iiii;  I'ltHSKNT  Woiiii,  ivrc— Ccinliiiiii'il. 


Systeiimtiu  lint  nfajit'ciitH, 


Localilii'S  whiru  I'liiiiid. 


Groiipi),  generii,  ami  HiircicH. 


,.  IMat.    ,M„I     |^M  = 

liftiii'f.       ,i  .- 

3 
i  1=^ 


> 


^       o 


(ii'()liij;ical 
horizon. 


i 


: 
:i 

4 

5 
6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

la 

13 
14 
15 
If. 
17 
H 
19 

ao 

21 

aa 

2» 


26 
27 
28 

21t 
•M 

31 

32 
3;{ 


Ci/dnida—Coni'A. 

.N'eiToi'jdiius  Ht vjiius  440 

Necroeycliiiis  nin.vi'.mint 4  l(> 

XoiTocydiuiH  wMiior 447 

Ni'orocjdiiiis  soliilatiiH 447 

Ni!cro(!jdiiii.s  rfviMlM.s 44rt 

Thlibonu'ims  iit'tri'iiH 449 

ThliboiinMiii"  ;>arviiH 449 

Thlihoincnns  prriMiu'itiis 450 

ThlihoiiiciiiiM  liiiiiisiis 4r>0 

ThliboiiieiiiiH  inact'r 4.")l 

CyrtoiiU'iiiiM  c'oiiciiinim 4")! 

UiscoBtoniii  up I.VJ 

riiiiiiitiiiiidii. 

Ttdcosihisliis  aiitii|iiii:i 4r)4 

Ti'h'oschistii.s  rigoraliin 4."iti 

TcleoHidiiHtiis  phicatiiM 4,'>7 

ThiH'toBchistii.H  reviilsiiH  it^ 

PotoschisliiH  obiiiililliis 45r* 

CacowdiihluH  iiiaci'iialUH 4.'i9 

Mutii'OM'hiistiiH  liiniguniis 4tiO 

PolioBchiNliiM  ll};atiiN 4(il 

Pidiow  hist  IIS  hi|iiilariii« Hil 

I'l'iitaliiriiilri  fiiliaiiiiri 4l>- 

TiroHcliistiiM  iiicliiiiNiciis   4t'>l! 

'rhliiiiiiiosi  Iii.itii.i  j-iavidaliis 4(i3 

Mi'coci 'phahi  Np  4(>4 

COLBOPTERA 

K1IV.\('II<)I'1|(I|;a. 

ANTiiliimii  I.. 

rhoraj^Ms  liitilis 41)5 

Hra<,-bylar»iis  prist i huh ItKl 

CratopariH  ri'iM-vtiis Itiii 

('ratcipaii- I'liisiiH 4(17 

JIoniiiBOim  [lartitiis  Iii* 

Sroi.Yriii.i:.  | 

ITyhiittus  h<|iialidrMs 40ci 

IliyiK  <  it's  iiiipn's-iis  47(1 

UrvociftoscarbDiianiis 470 


28: 

k; 

•>•*; 

13 

u.; 

23 

•J.-  : 

12 

7: 

It 

22 : 

1) 

2:  17-19 

2^:   M 

X 

2>:  3 

X 

2- :     (! 

X 

21:  18 

X 

21:  2 

X 

21:  7 

X 

2H:  10 

X 

2.1:   1 

X 

22;  4 

y 

2-:   11,19 

X 

2-1 :  .1 

X 

1:9    .. 

..     X 

7:  20      . 

..     X 

1:  4     ,. 

..     X 

H:  40    .. 

.-     X 

i:   17      . 

..     X 

1 

2:u2:.     . 

1 :  21 

..     X 

8:    oL. 

..     X 

Q. 


»     1  (S  1  s         o 

j 

OliKocpnc 

.do    

..    .do    

do 

'• '....ilo 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Dlinoei'iio 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do    .... 

...do... 

...do.... 

...do.... 

...do... 

...do.... 

...do 

du. 


s.n. 


Ph'istoct'im 

<  )liHOCI!lll'    . 

....do 


(il 


i. 


^m 


TABLES— OOriKOPTEHA. 
DlSTBinuTloN  OK  THK  SPECIK8  WITU  WHC^H  Thev  akk  CoMPAliBU— Continued. 


647 


Fossil  HpeoioH. 

EziHtiiig  Hpucius. 

1                  ' 

!                  1 

Name  of  species.         Wlieru  found. 

H 

Hori/.on.     £  § 

^2 

Name  of  species. 

Where  living. 

1 

' 

i 

1 "' • 

» 

t 

4 

'"•**■"■■*"*"■ 

5 

6 

7 

1 

... 

1 

8 



....i 

I) 
10 
U 
12 

.... 

...J 



o 

C.  iiiiraliilisl'erly  . 

nnizil 

, 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

,.... 

19 

.... 

20 
21 

i---- 

1 

22 

i 

1                     

23 

1 

24 

1  25 

' 

[ 

26 

27 

('.  liiMiidiH  (Kiibr.) 

Eastern  U.  S  .. 

128 

129 

! 

;!0 

i   " 
i 

i 

;                            1 

31 

]'" 

I).  .•itt'abor(Maun.) 

.'  Boreal  America 

32 

i  .. 

t 

1 

33 

048  TKIiTlAKV    INSH(!TS  OK  NORTH   AMKIMCA. 

SVMKMAIIC    1. 1-1    (i|      nil:    Sl'KllKS    l)KS(l!IMr.|i    IN    IIIK    ritKSKNI     UculK,   K IC.  -  I'llllMlllltl 
SyHttMiiittiu  list  otHliticioH.  l,lll1aUll(^s  wlii'in  tuiinil. 


T 


,,  11.  i'liiti-   anil    ^S  M  rl  X 


6 

"aQ  S 

-a 


I*    p      is  !  aa 


M:  :i 


u .  ;|H.  t  J  I 

:  7,:i.". 


-:  •ill 


Ci'iccruoxiD.i;.  ! 

I     t'r.vptorli.vmliiiH  iiniiiisiiH ITl 

■J     (iviiiiulidii  111  ciiiici   ri  -:'Jii 

;i     Aiillitiniiiniii  M>|ii>iiis   17-  - :   Iti 

4  i  HyloliiiiM  iiiiivi'iliis IT.!  ■• :  117,11 

r>     I.istriiiiDtiiN  iiiiiiatiis 471  tJ:  "J.! 

6     Kiitiniiis  piiiiiiirilialis 174    .'•;  lu'.l,  lU'.la 

(Iriiiuiivxiiiii)  i;.  !  I 

T     Kiiiliuioniis  iiTiiiHiis    t7r>  f'-.'i'.i 

H    Taiiyiiieiiis  st'riiliiniiii I7.'i  ■<;  -i,; 

'.(    Olidrliyiii'luiH  perililiiN 4;ii  8 :  sifi 

10  Olioilijiiilius  tiiiiiliir 477  H:l;i 

11  Oplir.va.-ti-s  iiiiiipartiis 477  S;  :!'.! 

I'.'     Kpiiarim  Na\atilis 47-;     :■ ;  :!.l,;!4,:ill 

111     Kpirariis  rxaiiiiiiis 47'.> 

14     EpicHTiiH  rllii.-.sii> IHll 

;  Km  M  iiirih  I-. 

ir>     Kiij;iiaiiiptim  j;raiiil:r\  ii> 4-1 

lii     i:ii);Maiiipliis  <le<'«-iiisalii>   \-i 

'  iii:Ti:ii(iMi;i;A. 

I  Hlllril'lloKIK  K. 

!7      lililpiplini  IIS  ;;i'ikii'i   4—-' 

ri:Ni;i!i:li>Mli  i:. 

!■<     Tfiirliriii  |iniiii;;riiHi.s 4"^:i 

1,1     111  nrlMi>  aiiilis   ._ 1-4 

,  riivroriiAiiA 

('llKYM>.\li;i  III  l:. 

«(J     fialcnui  lla  pirn K. 

ai     ('rypio  <'|ili;iliis  vftiisiiis       4-.'i 

SV     DoiiarlaNlii'ia I-.. 

•j:!     Diuiacia  piiiiipalira l-i. 

I.A.MII.I.ll  nliMA 
;  ScAii  \ii  1111 1.. 

•i\     Trox  iiiiBlali'ti I*" 

!t")     AplioiliiiH  priM'iirsor 4~~ 

•Jli     .K;j;ial'a  nipta   l-',t 

»'7  ,  i'|i,iii.i  lis  aiitii|iiiis I-',) 

'iti  I  I'liuTliliiiiii  1' I  Ml  I  ill  II  111 4',iu 


X  .... 
X|.... 
X   |.... 

X    .... 


(icoloKJi'ul 
liiii'li'.iiii. 


.1. 


X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X    i 

X 

X 

X 
X 


;  Oligoceuo 

....ill. 

....ilo 

ilo    

...ilo 

!  Olijjoceiief... 


1   I    X 


IJ 


I      I 


Iv 


I         I 
•J:  :!1       ...     . 

7 ;  j;i, :'-    ....    : 

I  ;  JH    

1  :  :!:t,:i4    


1:    II     .... 

-:    Ul    .... 

1 

1-J  14    .... 

1: 

lK_.w    ....! 

()llj{<R'(<llO  ... 

.....1(. 

...llo 

...ill. 

...ill. 

...In 

....ill. 

.....Ii. 


UliHiu'1'iii! 

'....ilii 


()Ii);i.rriir 


Oliyc.rriii'f  .. 


Oli({oci'im  . .. 
.S.  <),  rii'isli.ifiio.. 
S.O ili>     


M, 

:  1*.  K.     I'li'istocciit) 

.  ...| ()li;;i>ri'iiB  . 

P.  K.     I'liisliici'iie 

I'.  K llo 


T 


TABLKS-OULKOl'TKKA.  649 

DiMTKIIIL'TIIlN   OK   Till':   Sl'liCIKS   \V  I  I  IL    WHICH    'I'lll-.Y    AIIK   (,'(|MI'A11KI>— ColltHHK'll. 


FoMHil  Hpocies, 


Nuiiu)  of  Hpvcius. 


Where  fiiuiid. 


Hni'i/.Dii. 


KxiHting  il|)uvit'^<. 


1^  B. 


.Naiiii' (i('M|it'ciea.  Where  liviiiK. 


!    i  <j.  tutur  Srhdiih  ...    Allantii^  SliitcH 


"    [   II.  piiiviiniH  (iiTiii.     Kaslern  II.  S 


O.NiilcatiiH  (l-"alir.).     KiiKlorii  N.  A j    9 

i  10 


1  ().  <iiiiirii.-.  iScliiiuli .     Mfxiio. :  11 

; 

.'    °    '  K.  j;ri.s<'ns  Schiliili do \  I'i 

.   ...I i  i;i 

:  14 


ir> 

10 


n 

18 
19 


T.  iiiolilor  (Liuii. )..     Eurdpc,  N.  Aiiier. 


•-"      (i.  iiiaiitiiiia  Lc(J. ..  Atlantic  (States j  20 

!      ('.  viim.xtiis  Kabr...  Eastern  I'.  S ;  21 

I),  iiorosicolli.s  l.ae..  J^ake  Sii|).,N.  Kiijj;!.  i  'i'i 

!      I).  iMiliieollis  SiiU'r..  Illiiioi.s 23 


24 
25 
26 
27 

28 


A.ruriiola  Mel.sh...     Aiitlio.sti  to  La. 


1'.  pinto  HaroUl !   Arizona,  Mexico 


650  THKTIAHY  INSl^OTS  OF  NUUTH  AMKKICA. 

Svsii:mai'ic  I.ihi'  uc  nil:  SI'kciks  Dkhciiiiikk  in  'niK  I'liKsiisi'  Wokk,  ktc— (-'oiitiiuied. 

SyHti'iiiiitic  IIhI  iilNiM'rii'n.  liiiuulitiiw  wlii'i'r  rmiiKl, 


(iriiii)iM,K>'iifia,  and  h)Ht('ii'n. 


I'l^f. 


-    If    '  Si  I  4      l-i 
I'liiti-   anil  '^5j«g    M    '    .'Z      S.f 


O       .£         r= 


H:  94 


SKRIMCORNIA. 

I'llMP.l:. 

1  I  Aiioliiiiin  >>val)< VM 

'.2  !  AiKiliiiiiii  ilccfiitMiii \    4!<vi 

I  ' 

M  I  Aiiiilihiin  li^uliinii '     VH 

4  I  Sitoilrepii  (Iclnnctii Il»'.t 

!  Mltukstidk. 

5  liiiprt'HtiH  tertiai'ia l'.':! 

f'     Hiiiiri'NtiH  HaxiyiMia  -t'."! 

~     Hiilut-stiH  M'|iiilla !'.*<'> 

i  Kl.AIKIMIi.l:.  !  I 

8  !  OxyKOiiii.mniirtiiii« liMI     .">:   lln,  III 

9  :  Cory  111  III  1 4M  M'latiiH I'.Mi    


-:     1    ....     X 

d:  18    „..;  X 


•c 


s   I    S' 


OfuluKlcal 
liiirizon. 


X   |... 

X    ... 


Oligocoiie... 

....do 

. ...  do 

....do 


•,';  V.M.-,':.    N. 

•,>:  •.•!;    ....i N. 


:iii 


:ii.   ....    X 


T:  'j:!    .  ., 


10  C'n'|it(ili\  piiiis  lirii'ntriH I'.'T 

11  r,|ii|iliaiii.-<  (lilrliis 

1-.'     Klalciula' sp UtH  •.' :  -.'rt 

I  CI.AVICOKNIA.  i 

HYi!iimi..K  i 

lit      NiisimIi'IIiIihII   tlit.lVIIIll r.l'.i 

NlTIKCI.ll>  I  . 

II     riii'iiiilia  iiirupax    I'.l'.l 

l.'i     rr(iriii-iii|ii,i  ilcpili-. r>li(i 

I'llVl'IOI'llAlilD  !;.  I 

It'     .\Mlliiiii|iliaj;ii!t  pi  ImUs    Tilll  T:'JI,llfi|. 

Ct  Cf.MD.v:. 

17     I'ai.iiiiliita  \i  hiita .'lUl   ,  7:41 

I                               KlloTYI.lli.l  .  I 

H     .Mvcciin-iiix  liiii(ilani>    fill-J  7:  llll 

SiAi'in  I  iMi'  1  , 
I                                  ii.ci)iiliiii. 
lit     Oxjt((liis  jiristliiiis 


Oli^ouuiief  . 
Ollgiicuiit<  . . 


N. 


4;t-     .-iMlH.lU    ........IX    I  Ollgoceuof  . 


N. 


50:J     .'.:  IIO-ISW 


ao     Hlfiliiis  ailaiiiiiK Wl(  ! 

21      HIeililiit  tiliM'iutllH .'lUri 

IW     <)X>  pill  lis  htirlilcll.s .')(!.'. 

I'll  ill  r  hi  i. 

'2'.\     Latlil'oliiiiiii  aliHi  i'»«iiiii TiOfi 

•i\     I.atliliiliiillii  iiiti'l).'lai  j.ilr     '  r>0(i  ! 

SUijihiiliiiiiii.  I  I 

Wi'i     l.i'iHliitropliiiN  palriaii'lilniH 507 

SJU  ,  yuidius  rhmubifliui I  (m 


H:  10 

1 :  :i:i 

I  :  :!l! 

ir.,21 

1:  Ari 


Ollgoueiie  .. 

Oligooeuo  .. 
—  do 

Ollgoceoe  .. 

•  I  OllKoceiif)  .. 

I 

\ 

■    01i){<ic('iio  . . 


X OligociMicf.. 

X       Olijroi  Till'    .. 

...\t4(f< f".  <).      I'lrisiori'iHi . 


<)lif;o(;eiui  .. . 

S.  O.      I'lfistocolie.. 

OliHiKcnef  .. 

.....   1  Oligi/ci'iio  . .. 


I        I 

:■:  n-i X  i  ....4 


t 


'4 


t 


f 


TAHLKH— COLIC  OI'TKIfA.  651 

l>l«TIIIIUITH>N   OK    IIIK   Sl'KflK.S    Wild    WIIICII     TllKY    Alll:   Cl  iMl'Mtlill -('"lit  illlll'd. 


KoHHil  gpeoieH. 


3 


NaiiiK  of  H|)('vii^N,    I  Wliuri'  louiiil. 


KxiHtiiiK  KpuuiuH. 


Iliiriziiii.     £  5 

its 


3g 


II.  Hi'iu'ctii  Muyd. ..  i  8iubluH . 
do ! (li)  .. 


....<lo. 


.do 


nil"  Ol   N|ll'(tl)tH, 


Wliiire  living, 


Ai|iiitaiiiiinf 

..ilo 

..do 1 


^'   i  C.  8pU'ii(U'ii8  Zicnl-|   LakfSii|i.,N.  Kugl.  {    '■) 

"   j  C.  plaiiiitns  I,eC '   Atlaiitir  States 10 

I    '^      K.  foiiiiitiis  E.tiliseli    Uort'iil  America |U 

IJ 


'^      N.  uiiifdliir  Sav \   rcnii.  *  Ncmtlnvaicl. 


!!      r.  yicwNU  ( I'alir.)  ..',  North. H.S.iCanada. 
•^   '■  P.  Ncxriiai'iilal;!  S..      Conlnil  I'.  S 


"      A.DcliraiiiisMi'lNli,     Norllii'iii  K.  S. 


IK 

14 
l.'i 

Hi 

I'.  i:i|iliiilii|iH  |,i'(!    !    Alizona 17 

i 
M.  saii^;iiiiii|>«'iini.s  I.     Kastcrii  U.  .S Irt 

!      ().  iiiHDsiiH  ((irav)  I  Atlaii.  States;  Km-.    Ill 

li.  iiiiinilarin  l.ft;       Nmlli  Aiiii'iica 1*40 

(    ;  H,  I. 


l.lC  New   Vol! 


.  I     '       I,,  .■li)iij;al  111111,1.. )  -     Kiuoim 

.  I    ^     ^j,  utamlv  LkC Lake  Slip,  to  N.  C 


•a 
•a 

•Hi 


m 


i  t 


652  TEHTIAUV   INSKCTH  OK  NORTH   AMKKKJA. 

HVHTKM.Mll'    I.IHI    "I-     IIIK    Sl'KlIK'*    llt>Cllllli:i>    I  \    IIIK.    I'llKNllM-    Wollk,   KIT,— CulltlUIIUll. 

l.iH'ulitit'N  wliiTK  t'oiinil. 


><j:<<ti'iiiiitii'  IIkI  iit'H|ii'i'ii'H. 


(li'oiipN,  Ki'iii'ta.  mill  H|iri'ji'K. 


I.,.      I'liiii'  iiii'i  is 


li«iir 


.s7(i^)A//'i«(wi— C'liiit'il. 
I     CjiiuiliiiM  liri>\vi<ri  fitw 

I  AUnrhdliui.  I 


n;:  I 


.  :    ".IK> 

. .      .'lOll 

..     r.iii 


|j:i.  IJ4 
-;   II 


0 


I 


?   .!   '      ".2       5 

o>'\  t     !i  =     fa 


GenloKlcal 
liiir    till. 


^i« 


X 

X 
X 
X 
.  X 
X 
X 

X 
X 


3  Oyropliii'nii  Niixiii'lu 

:l     lliiMialola  ii  rj?ia 

4  Sl/i|i|ivliiiilrH  iiliNiili'tiiiii 

llYiiuiii'iiii.iii>:. 
I  Sjihiiridi'nii,  | 

r>    Cerryoii  ti'rrin<'iia 'ild  "J:  'Jl 

lljidniliiini. 

I!     Il,v<lri>liiii><  ili'i'JiM'iatiiM Till  ";  'J7 

'•      llyili'iiliiiis  riiiitixns 'ill  T:  'J'l      ... 

rt     rliilliviliiiN  |iriiiia'\  UN .'ilJ  ":  ,"i 

;i     riiilli\iliii»  x|P|i fit'.'     

10  Lacrcihiiis  i'liili)!atllH "illl  7     'JT, '»'■<! .... 

11  ItfUisii^  si'.VNliiutUM .'il:i  7:40    .... 

1','     liiT'istis  iiiiiiiN 'ill  H:rt     

llyiliopliiliiii. 

II!     rrci|iiNii'niiiK  Miilptilix I    i'll  1      .... 

14      rrn|iistri  i.iis  .tiiMalm .M.'!  H:     •Jj... 

Ililupliiirini.  | 

l.'i     HjclriicliiiM  aiiiicliiM '     .'■!.■>  I:  47  

1(1     llyclrocliiiH   IrliitilH .Mil  •"  :   II     

17     IIflii|ilionis  lincscciiH .'ilil  1  :  .'ill  ! 

I                            ItVTIHClK.t:.  I  I 

'                                   f.UKiiiihiliiii.  '  ' 

1«     I.aici)|iliiliiM  Kp •     r.l7      .'■:   1111,117 

iCMiADII".!.. 
I  hlti  inini. 

I'.l     CliNi'iiiiH    piiiiciiilaliiM I     •'>I7  I: 

l.ili  iiii. 

'it)    Cyiiiimlis  aurora i    .MH  I:    tl    .. 

I                                  I'liiliinnii.  j  j 

21     PlatymiK  MMicx   ."ilo  7::i8    .. 

'.".i     I'latviiUH  casiiH .')1'.)  I  ,  4'i i... 

1  I 

•J:t     rialyiius  IiIikIcI  ,V.>ii  1  ;  .'14  .....i... 

■ii     I'latyiiiiH  lialli    ".•Jn  I:    II   |....... 

■J.'i     I'lutyiius  iliNwipatim .V,'l  1:  117  j 

•,'H     I'latyiMiN  ilrMictiiH ,V,'l   il  t  4;!,.'>1,58  j j... 

•-'7     I'latjnu.s  liarttii I  .V^J  i            1 :  :U  j....'... 

•ja  I  PlatyiiUH  ciuHiiH   5-,"J  I  7:;t4! !   x 


01  i|{<)ct<iiu  . . 


Ollgocene  f  . . 

X      01i|{l)CBII«  . . . 

X    ...., I  OliK<i('uiiu  . .. 


OliKiicfiie  . .. 
....<li.  .    

...il.i 

....ilo 

...do 

....a.i 

....<io ; 


OligOVHIIH  .    .. 
....llo 


, ..j.  ...I ,  .S.  t».       I'luLsloreiic. . 

X       ..    1 1 <)li){oc<'ii<'     . 

I iS.  ().         I'lflstlH'flll'.  . 


I 


Olij{ocencf  .. 


1'.  K.       ririslocclll'.. 


1'.  K.      I'li'islocoiH'. 


X   I-...    1 1  Olifjoct'iie  . .. 

...i 1 1  S.  O.      I'leiHtocfiio.. 


8.0. 
8.0, 
8.0. 
S.O. 

S.O. 


....do 

....do 

....do  

....do 

....do 

OliKiicitiin  . . 


TAnr.KS—COLKOPTKUA. 


fi53 


PlHTHiHi  ftciN  i)|.  niK  S|'|,iii;n  Willi  Willi  II    I'm  Y  Mti  ('(i.Mi'\iii;ii    ('uiiiiiiiiril 

KdM-il   HlK'ci.N,  KxiHllllj;  Hpil'itW. 

N'aiiin  lit' RiiiM'il'M.      U'linrit  foiiiiil.       Iliiii/cm       £r      N:iiiii' ii(  N|uTii'H.                \Vln'i<- livlnij. 

I    ^  i     .  _. 


'^    !  (/.IlKiliirllilillNUniV. 


II.  K.;  Kiiropp  .    .      ,     I 


^      ti,  vliiiilii  KricliH. .   ;    I'HiiiiHvlviiiiia. 


II.  Iiisi'i|i('s  Curt  .  .      (,'oHiii(i|i(ilitiiii     I    11 

I    7 

I H 

I it 

' 10 

r..  iiiiMrtilii'iiiiiHCli.     McxIfD.f 11 

'             '                     i  I 

|i.(ll.S|lillillll,s('llCV||     Mi'XilO    I    lli 

'  i 

'I',   inrxiiiiiiiis  CmnI  .      Mi-xii-i)   CI 

T.   liiMiitiiliiM  W'lilli .      \':iiiciiiivi'r  IhI 11 


•  4*»r»'  w^*** 


!  I  1'.  liimlni . .. 
o  j  I>.  halli.  ... 
!    |....il(. 


'^      II.  siilii  iiiii'ciisK'mihI.     Lalu- Sii|>.  wiiuIi«  il.     l.'i 

10 
■^^       11.  tiiliriruliiliiMtJ . .     Niii'.r.  S.  •  Sfiiml'Mi.  j  17 


o 

r.  Iiiilll i  Sciirlioro 

i 

rielHtoL'fiie 

. .  },.  liiarillii.siisdci'iii, 


!        ('.  Iiitii'cilli-,  Sa.v..; 


LakiiSiip.  tiilia  ...     18 


\.  Y.  loKla.,.\riz..  !  lU 


C.  amoriiaiia  1'''.).,    Ni'""  Vork 


^'      I'.  vnriolatiiHl.cC'.   !    C'alifmiiin 

P.  nil)r,l)i'sZiiiiiii.       XIiil.Stat".s  to  Kunn. 
°  Do. 


..    Siarlioii) rii'l.stoceiic  I     '     1'.  civiiistrialiisLcC 


....ill 
....111 


.(li) 
.do 


...ilo 

Wrsteiii  SlatCH  ... 


..lo 


22 

2;{ 

'M 

25 
20 
27 

28 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


".I 


1.25 


ri|28 

150      '*^~ 


1^ 

^    1^    112.0 


1^  iiA 


1.8 


U    IIIIII.6 


V 


V. 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY    14580 

(716)  873-4503 


«-■ 


«>^ 


^  ...^i 


/A 


^o 


654  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

.Sysikmatu'  List  nv  tiik  Species  Drsckiukk  in  the  Piiksent  Work,  ktc— Cotitiiiiiocl. 


Sj'HtoiiiHtic  Imt  of  HpecieH. 


Qroiips,  (;euera,  and  Hpccios. 


Pa>,'<' 


Plate  mill 

tigUTO. 


524 
r.25 


Ai'iiijni. 

Diplocliilii  licusliawi 

Dicu-liiN  aliilacoiiH 

Dira-liis  sp 

rieroslichiiii. 

PtcroHticliimaliriisatiis |    5"^ 

Plero-ticliiiH  tloniiitauH 5iJfi 

PtiTosticlius  <li!Htitiitiig    ;    r>3C 

PleroBticliiis  fraol n» r>'27 

Pterosticlins  (Icstnictiis ,    <ii7 

Pterosticliiis  ucImIhs '    •t'i'    1 :  .Vi,  ri'J-6l    . 

I  ! 

PtorostieliiiH  la'vigatiiH WH  ;  1:  ;{, 4  ;. 

1:5!. 


'i-i :     It 

1 :  H-10 

1:   15 

1 :  :{'J 
1:  4!),  55 

t:  44 
1 :  -."J,  :io 

1:  40 


Localities  where  fonnd. 


a   .!> 
s  s 

B 


"  t-. 


iis 

a 

o 


Pterostichiis  »p 52!* 

I'ogoiihii.  I 

la  :  Patiobimfii'liitiis I    530  j 

Jlembiiliini.  \ 

l;i    Ueiiil)i<liuni  exolrti'in   5:i0     5:  yi\,l'i!l 

14  I<i'iiil)i<linni  glaci.itiiiii iM  1:40 

15  Bciiiliiilimii  fniuiiiriitmii r>:il 

Xihrihii. 


Ifi 


Nebria  pali'itiiifhi 


5:w 


Ltirhiriiii, 

17  \  Lnricera  glaoialiN !    53S 

18  \  Loricera  liitosa 533 

I  ICIiiphrini.  I 

IS)  :  KlaphriiH  irrcgiilariH 534 

Carahiiii, 
HO    Ki'otbaiieg  ti'Ntt'iis 

Cyrliriiii.  i  j 

21    Cycbrns  wbi-atlcyi 5:t<) 

2i  j  CvehniM  minor 5:17 


DIPTERA. 

CYCLOUHAPHA. 
LoN<ii.i:ii>.i;. 
Loucbii-a  HfiieKoenB 

24  I'alloptrra  morticina 

O  HI  A  1. 1 !).»:. 

25  !  IJtburtaliHpirtu 


23 


539 
540 

541 


1:  4^ 


1 :  45 


2:  20 

I:  50.57 
1:  32 

1 :  :.ti 


■.:15         7:  32,39 


1:  1 
1:  2 


3:  IH 
3:  15 


h 

i 

_> 

'■J« 

IS 
2 

■Si 

la 

ts 

P5 

, P.K. 

I  P.K. 


8.O. 
8.0. 
8.O. 


(ieological 
horizon. 


Oligouone 

PU'iMtouene.. 
...do 


Pleistocene . 

...do 

do 


8.0 do 

S.O. 
8.O. 


P.K. 


....do 
...do 
....do 


.   P.K.  I... .do 

S.  O.     lUeiatoctMie  . 
i  I 

I    Oligoi't'iie  f  . 

iS.  O.     Plristocciio  . 
!s.  O.  i....do 


I 


'  S.  O.     Pli'lHtoceno  . 
S.  O do 


3;  10,1(1    ....I....1....I    y. 


.S.O.     I'liiNtoccue.. 


Oligocuue... 


P.  K.  i  l*lt>ifitocene  . 
P.K.  ....do 


.. 


1 


4- 


^8. 


i 


] 

I 

I 

■r 


TABLES— DIPTERA.  655 

DisTHliitrrioN  ok  tiik  Si-kciks  with  which  Thkv  auk  (Jompaiiki)— CcSMtiiiiu'il. 


KoHBil  HpecieH. 


I 


Naiiieof  Hpuoicg, 


KxiHtiii);  gpuciex. 


VVlioro  (imnil.  '■     llonzoii. 


^  §      Xiiiiu'  lit  KiMifiies. 


Whore  liviiij;. 


•  j     ! 
I  I 


U.  major  Lo  C 

D.  (liliitatus  Say... 


Southern  II.  S 

U.S.cast  ofGt.  PIm  .... 


D.  oloiigatiifi  Hr)ii..i do 


P. herculaiieuhManu!   Pac.  coant,  Hi.  Am  — i    4 
P.ln'tnlusLe  C '   (Jal 


P.  decti  tutus  . 


!    !  P.siivi  Iiriill(? :  All.  and  West.  States  .. 


Scarboro I'leiHtoceiu' 


!!   •  1'.  iiatniulis  Dcj X.V.,  Mid.  States 

!      P.  ImdNoiiicnsLeC  ;    Itiidson  Bay 


6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
U 


P.  seiiteiitiioiii.sDi'j.    >'()r.  Kiir.;  Arctic  Am  ..  |  12 


IJ.  iuuMiualeSny i  Northern  I '.  S l;l 

!    j  B.  IdnKiiInm  I'eC'   LilicSwperior;  N.  Y —     14 
!    I  B.  conKtrictumSay .,    New  Euglaud 15 


10 


L.  ciurnU'Kci'iisLinn.    Hor.Ani.iV  Kiir.;  Siberia.    17 
i 18 


!    ^  K.  viridis  Horn Caiiforniii 19 

I  i 


C.  viduus  Dcj 

C.audrewsli  Harr 


Pennsylvania 

Central  Atlantic  States. 


ao 


22 


23 
24 

25 


B56  TERTIAUV  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  .\MEUICA. 

Systkmath;  List  ok  tiik  Spkcies  Dbsckiiikd  in  thk  Pkesknt  Wokk,  ktc— Contliiiiml. 


Syatematio  list  of  speoieg. 


Gronps,  ((eueru,  auil  wpeciPH. 


Page. 


r>4<i 

54(i 


Plate  and 
flj{nre. 


;«;  »^  »!  111,16,1 

m.  IH.  »ii.«n,> 

'  24,  «M,  x«.  5 
,»:  ;.».».  90, 1 
I        XI.XI.  ] 

10:  5 

»:  1,2 

5:  76 


54H  :l:  JO 

541(  :t:  :(4 


^^1  i  ^..i}:^:{Si) 

.'•):  in(i,  1118 

5 :  ra,  u.  KL  lur 

r.:  77 

:> :   W.  HI .  W.  l(Ht   I 

100 


.'.at 
5:>:t 
ri^4 

554 


r>:i4 


SrioVYZin.K. 

1  Sei  iiii.vza  rvvt-latn '    548 

2  .  Suioniy za  iiiaiicii .'i4:< 

3  Si'ioiiiyza  clUji'i'tn 

4  Scioinyza  sp 

I  Hklomv/ulK, 

5  Heteromyza  m-nilis 

C    Heteroiiiyza  detocta 

AxriioMYlK.K, 

7  Aiitbumyia  iiiniiiiiinta 

8  Aiitlioinyia  hiir^jcssi 

Mr.scio.K 
•)    Miisca  aiteariili's 

10  MiiKca  Uiliona 

11  MiiHca  »p   

12  Alii.tea  hydropica 

i:t    Muiica  vinciilata 

14  MiiHcu  spp 

Tachixid.i:. 

15  Tachiiia  Hp 

ri.ATYi'KZIll.K, 

If)    (Jalluinyia  tnrporata 

CO.NOPID.E. 

17    Poliomyia  ncta 

SYiti'iiin.K. 

H    Milcaia  iiiiadrata 

IK    KriNtalis  lapidons , 

20    Syrpliiis  sp 

ai    Cliilosia  aiiipla , 

ii2    Cliilo^ia  sp 

83    OUilosia  »p .^ 

'M    Psil^ta  tabidosa 

ar>    SyrpLldiH  h]. 

I  ORniOKIIAPHA, 

'  DnLICIHU'ODIIl.E. 

•J()    Dolieliopus  up 

Cyimiip  i;.  ! 

a*    Acrocera  hirsiila   ;    SOU 

A8iLii>.i:. 
2H    8t«nncincli8  aiioiiiala r><i4  ,  '.*:  10 


Localilies  whrre  foiinil. 


a 
a  6 

3 


as  ? 
Sis 


r>,j8 
5:.9 
r>r>9 
r«i 

561 
561 
562 


:m 


9:  11 


556         0:  lU.ai 


0:  l:i  j 
5:  48,41) 


!•:   14, -27 

'.»:  26 

0:     H 

O:     !» 

10 :    it 


6 

3C    S 


6  i 


o 


QeoloKical 
lioriziiii. 


01ij;occne . 


-do. 
.do 


Oligoct'iie  f 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


X   I. 


Oligoceiiu . . 
OliKUceiiH  t 
Oligocene . . 


X     \  OUgocoiiH  T  . . 

X     Oligoct'iic  ?  . 

X   : I  Oligiiceiir  f  .. 

X   i 1  Oligoct'ut!  f  .. 

X   ' I  Oligoceiie  T  . . 

X   !  I  i  Oligdcene  t  . . 


X      -•   ;   Oljjjoceiio 

i     ;       ' 

X  I  —  i Oligoccni'.... 


Oli;;oceiie.... 

Oligoceiie.... 
Oligocenu  ?  .. 
Oligoceiie.... 

...do 

...do 

...do 

do 

....do 


^^. 


TABLES— DirTERA.  ©57 

DlSTHIBl'TION  OF  THE   Bl'F.CIKS  WITH   WHICH  TllEY  ARB  CoMPAKED— CoDtiimed. 


Foasil  gpeoiea. 

Existing  speoieH. 

Name  of  Bpeoies. 

Where  fonnd. 

Horizou. 

Name  of  Hp-iies. 

Wbereliviug. 

I 



<} 

•) 

,) 

5 

A 

7 



8 

q 

in 

11 

1« 

1 

If 

, 

i 

14 

15 

1H 

17 

■ 

18 

19 
•iO 



1 

'» 

n 

'fi 



w 

9f» 

, 

97 

2fl 

VOL  XIII 42 


mm 


1 


668  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

SVBTKMATic  LiBT  ov  THK  8PECIK8  Dkscuibrd  IN  TiiK  Phbsknt  Work,  ktc— Contiuued. 


Synteinatic  list  of  Hpecies. 


Oroups,  geuera,  aud  HpecieH. 


1 
'i 

3 
4 

fi 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IC 
II 

la 

13 
14 

l.-i 
lii 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 

'ii 
•j;t 

^4 

25 

2(> 
27 

2H 
••".t 
:tO 
31 
32 
33 


AsiLlDiK-  (.'oiitiniivd. 

StenocincliH  sp 

AHJlidiu  sp 

Sthatiomyid.k. 

Litliophysa  tuinulta 

AHarconi}  ia  cadaver 

TlPULID*. 

Dicranoioy ia  stignuwu 

Dicraiioiiiyia  priniitiva 

Dicranouiyia  roHtritta 

Spiludoiiiyiu  Hiiiiplex , 

Prouophlebia  rodiviva 

Cyttaroinyiu  fvneHtrata 

Tipiila  dfcTupita 

Tipiila  tecta 

Tipulii  Hptdiata 

Tipiilu  iwpiilcbri 

ClIIKONOMIDJi:. 

Cbironoiiius  HcptUH 

CliironoiiiiiH  depIetUH 

Cliirunoiinm  puteim 

CliiniuonmH  Hp . . 

Cliiroiiomidin  sp 

C'liiruuoiniila'  np 

Cbironoiiiidji-  np  ..   

CfLICID.K. 

Ciilex  damnatoruni 

C'ulex  proavitiiH 

Coretbra  oxita 

BliiioMi)^:. 

Flecia  muiilkutuei'ua 

Piecia  peulei 

Plecia  dejecta 

MYCETUPIIIMD.f:. 

Sciara  deperdita 

Sciara  Hcopiili 

Mycetiipbila  occitltata 

Aiiatella  taoitu 

Trichonta  da\v8i)iii 

Rytiiubia  Htraiigiiluta 


Pane. 


5*KI 

5C7 

rm 

5/0 
.571 
573 
574 
.'>75 
r)76 
.'■.77 
.'■.77 
,'■.78 


Plate  and 
flgnre. 


Loealitiea  when;  found. 


a     \> 


So 
CO 

o 


10:  15 


.'-,   ! 


,'■.78 
r.7l> 
,'■.80 

r.81 

Ml 
,'Wl 


.-)82 
.582 
MA 


583 
585 

586 

586 

588 
589 
.5!t0 
,590 


9:  31 
9:  17 

il«.17.  »-t7.l 
U.  M.W.  W) 

•  :  W.  ll.«6-«7 
::  40.  4I,<3.  il 

5:  37,  ,!8 

5:  39 

5:  78 

5:  ,■■.«>,  .57 

5:  46,47 

10:     4 

10:     1 

10:     8 

5:  62 

18,19,28 


5:  :W,33 
5 :  24 


10:  14 

5:  8,9 

5:  22,23 

3:  20-22 

<:  9.3,10-11 

10:  17 

3:   17    . 
Ill:  16    ■ 

^  :  44.  4.'>.  M.  U     ■ 

10:  13    . 

3:  12,13  I. 

10:  2    . 


I 


6 

•c 

» 


Geological 
borizon. 


.do. 


Oligocene. 
....do 


Oligocene  t 
Oligocene... 
Oligocene  t 
Oligocene  t 
Oligocene  f 
Oligocene  f 
Oligocene  f 
Oligocene  T 
Oligocene.., 
....do 


I 


Oligocene.. 
Oligocene  f 
OligfHieue  f 
Oligocene.. 
Oligocene  f 
Oligocene  f 
Oligocene  t 

Oligocene... 
Oligocene  1 
Oligocene  t 


8. 

T.C.  i  Oligocene  t 

;  Oligocene. 


Q. 


Oligocene... 
Oligocene  f  . 
Oligocene... 


Q. 


.do. 


TABLKS— DIPTEKA.  fi59 

0I8TKIBI:TI0N   ok  TIIK  Sl'KflKM   WITH    Wlllt'll   'i'llKY   AUK   C'oMI'AltKD— (,'oiltilllieil. 


FoHlil  MpUl^iuH. 

KxiHtiug  Hp(;oieH. 

II 

NuiiK)  uf  HpucieM. 

WUero  I'miiiiiI. 

llori/oti.    I^o      Nuuui  of  sp<M;it'H.            Where  livinj;, 

'11                    i 

1 

•i 

;        i 

1 

I 

-, 

1 

6 

1..      

7 

H 

■■'                                      : 

<) 

1                                                    

in 

1 

:; ' i"  ::::■■■■;: 

1 1 

1 

1 

1  *"' 

1 

! 

I") 

i<) 



17 

1-* 

I'l 

' 

'>() 

a;i 
"1 

1                             i     :                      i 

.. 

1 

•>r, 

"fi 

"7 

:             1     ! 

°      Sc.  ungulata  Wiiiii.    Kuiopc 

"i 

'«) 

in 

"11 

•(•> 

1 

1 ; 

:» 

660  TKRTIAItY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH   AMERICA. 

SvsrKMviu'  List  ok  rifi'.  Si-kciks  Drackiiibd  in  tub  Phkhkst  Woiik,  ktc— (Joiitliiiiuii. 


SyNtt'iiintiu  liHt  of  HpecicN. 


LiiculititiN  wlicro  fiiuud. 


UroiipH,  gi-iiura,  uikI  N|iiM:ii<N, 


I'll^K. 


I'lutti   ikiid 
tlgiirc. 


a 

*  e 
S3 

2 


:i 
4 
5 
(i 
7 
H 

;» 

ID 

11 
Vi 

i:i 

14 


17 

\n 

19 

2ti 
21 

!« 
24 

*■. 

•.'7 

WH 

:<() 
:!l 


MY<KTl>PHILII>.K-CoUt. 

Briu'lix  |ii'/.a  aliilii 

Ilriicliypt'zu  pim'fi'ii 

OiiDiistti  lU'iitiiiii 

liiilcliiiii  Hi'pnltii 

Uiik'titiit  iiiiiliriitirit  

Ilolc'tiiia  p,ilii(livii;;a 

Sjukenia  arciiiita j 

Sauki'iiiu  »p j 

Saokfiiia  Hp I 

A  Mac li Ilia  HP ' 

Siicipliila  liyatlii 

Iiiaildcitlia  ti'iiioila 

Mycftopliiliilii^Npp 

('Kcii>(».Mvn>.»:. 

Lasioptera  rin'oNa 

Lithiiiiiyi'a  riiii<lita 

LEPIDOPTERA. 

TiNKiii.i:.  < 

I'ni'railia  moll  lit' I  la     

HVMENOPTERA. 

■n;Ki:iiKAxri.\. 

rK.MIIIIKIUMIl.l  . 

TaixouiiM  iiorldiii 

('ilAl.i.'ii)iii.i;. 
IJi-caloiua  aMtii|iia 

llHACOMD.l:. 

Calypt'ti'K  an  ted  i  I II V  Ian  II  III     

Hrariiii  lamina  I  Mm   \ 

HiaoDii  »p 

Brai'imiila'  np 

lirai'oiiidii'  Mp   

I<llNKrMONI.>.K. 

Icliiii'iiiniin  pi'IriniiN    

LllhiiiiirnH  i  icKwiiii 

liliyHHaJiiM'iiih 

I'inipla  saxca   

Piiiil.la  Nini-ita 

I'liiipla  ill  lis. a 

•  ilypla  liaiisM'inalU 

KrlvtiiN  IntaliiH 


591 
r><M 


f)t»;t 
5U:t 

5U4 

r)t»r> 
5g«> 
r>9ii 
r.it7 

(UlO 
<HI1 


i;(i:i 


tM)4 

•;im; 
*;i>i; 
(k)7 

(i07 
(i07 

(illH 
ill  19 
t>()9 

titll 
till 
i;!-.' 
);;:! 
UI4 


•A:  7,tf  I.. 
;{:  U  ,.. 

r.:  6,7 

:i:  9 

10:  :< 

10:  7 

r>::<,4,i'.j,i:i 
:.:  f.O 


Me 


9:  1'^ 

10:    0 

10:  10.11 

ill:  \i 

if.  -At-;!! 

r>:  :i4-afl 


I.-.:  1-M7      X  i. 


10:  •i\^,•i^ 

10:  -JO,  :ti 


■A:  -Ai 

10:  !J9 

:i:  :i:( 

10:  |M  |....;   X 


...|   X 


10:  IM 


m  a 


!S  I  a 


y. 


Ui-oUigiuul 
liurizoii. 


i  y- 


Olidoceiiof 


Oli){ovuiio.. 

.....lo 

Oligoconet 
OII);<>('aMuT 
Oligoceiio.. 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 


X      j I  Oligocenuf 

X  I ! I  Olinoceiief 


y- 


X   1 

t 


01l);ocuiie.... 

01it{ocene.... 
OliKoveuu 

OllgoL'unt) 


Oligovenu. 
..  .do.  ... 


10:  19  ....;  X    .... 

:i:2;.  ....'....!.... 

:i;  a9-:ii  I !.... 

:i:  •-'• 


I- 


10:  •-'.". 
10:  -iX 


X 
X 


...do. 


y. 
y- 


;     I     ^  I       :  i 

r):14,15 1 X    ()lij{oc:i'iie  f  .. 

10:  21     ,   X     Oligoeeiie 


Oligoueno 

....do I 


i 


m-~^ 


TABIilia— II  YMKNOl'TKHA.  601 

Di8Tiiinirri<tN  ok  tiik  Si'k.<;ik.»  with  which  Thkv  aiii;  Compahkh— Continued. 

FoHsil  Hpt<ci«ii,  KxistiDK  BpwIl'N. 


y 


t 


t 


Nitnie  of  RpecieH.        Whernfmnitl. 


I  fori /.on.    |«  § 


N'lmiw  of  MpecieH.  VVlii'r«  living. 


J.... I. 


.|....i. 


i 


10 

11 
12 

13 


14 
15 

16 

17 

l» 
lit 
•-'1 


28 

.:    "^      r.  iiiHtigiitor  l'"iilpr  .     (Icriiiiiny 2i( 

I  no 

..    ! i;ii 


t)()2  TKItTIAlfV   INSK(rrs  OK  NDRTll  AMUUIDA. 

Systematic  l.inr  oi-  tiik  Mikcikh  OKHi'iiiiiKD  in  tiik  I'iikhknt  Wohk,  kto.— Cnutlniied. 
SyHtcinatto  liNt  of  ii|)<>cti>ii. 


OroiipH,  gnnvrii,  niid  Npeclnri. 


I'»K«>. 


I'lat<<  Hiiil 

tlftni'i', 


016 
615 


10:  tM 


LooalltluH  where  foiinil. 

i 


a 
1  6 
is 

1=^ 


I* 


!  ACULKATA. 

MviiMiriii.K. 

I     A|iliii'nii{{HNti't'  luiiKii'Vit 

'■!    .M yiiiii"ii  Kji 

KoiiMlClD.t;.  I 

:i     ll,v|i(i('line»  oblitoriila  <il*i         '.{;  'i^i,'M  \... 

I     Liniiirl(i|iuiii  ]>iiiK<ii' til*  r>:  lo|... 

•I    Ki)riiii<ii  iiri'iiiiii  tilH  :<:34i... 

(1    I.iiHiii»  Icrrt'im til'* 

T    ('niii|i(iiiiitii8  vi'tiiH T)!'.)  r>:  1,*J  !,.,.{  .. 

i 
Si'iiKiiii)  i:.  I 

H  j  DidiiieiH  Holiilpocoiiit ti-iti  tU::tt)i....    x 


X   i   X 


It):  ««  ;...^    X 


i 


y. 


.     X 


Oeotogioiil 
liorlzon. 


Oli({()c«iie . . . . 
OUgovene.... 


Olinocciui... 
Oli({o<'«n»f  . 

Oligucene.. . 


IT 


f 


TABFiKS— UYMKNOl'TERA.  668 

DlNTKIllUrlON   OK  TIIK  Hi'K.OIKII  WITH   WHICH  TllKV   AIIK  COMHAIIKO— ColltlllUeil. 


Komll  «|)uolm. 

KxiHtiDK  iip«ciea. 

'1 

1 

Nnniii  of  HpeoipH. 

• 
Wlierti  found. 

BulUoitinber. 

Mortxon. 

•s| 

Nainii  of  H|ieoieH, 

Where  liviiiK. 

A.  berendti  Mayr 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

! 

D.  liinicornia  Fabr. 

Enropn 

8 



i 


^.^SK^i 


J^  L  A  T  E  S . 


V  -.I 


J 

8 

1 

■ ,. 

m 

BI 

■ ' 

■  -' 

Wlk 

w 

•3 


a^. 


TP 


} 


PLATE  I 


i 


rr 


EXPLANATION    OK    I'J.ATK   I. 


All  tbe  ilri'.aiiins  were  iimile  by  J.  Henry  Hluke. 


Fig.    1.  (?)  Cycliriis  whratleyi  Horn. 
'i.  (f )  Cyclinis  minor  Horn. 
:t.  (f)  I'tfroNtit'.luiH  lii'vii;;>tUM  Horn. 
4.  (f)  I'terosticlinH  lii'vif;ntnH  Horn. 
.'>.  (f)  Pterosticlinsf  m|>. 
•'•  Ci)  CyniindiH  nsirora  Horn. 
7.  (f)  Clilifiiius  imnctnlatiiH  Horn. 
(f)  Dieii'liis  iilntmi'us  Horn. 
(f)  I)ic:i-luH  ulntiictMi.t  Horn. 
{})  Diet!  Inn  rtliitaoonH  Horn. 
(Ii )  A;>lio<liim  prevnrNor  Horn;  a,  iip|H'r 
«iirfi»eo;  h,  nwf ofn;  c,  nndcr  Nnrfm'i'. 
(f)  I'lnin:rni4  antiiinnx  Hinii. 
( t)  I'liiin.i'ns  itntii|nnx  Horn. 
({)  I'lmniiMiH  iintiiinnH  Horn. 
(*)  Kicii'Iiis  up. 
(f)\Vitli    A|ilio(linH     procnrsor     Horn. 

Soo  iiniliT  that  spocieH,  p.  ir^H. 
(',")  Willi    AplioilioH    pri'cnrHor    Horn. 

Soi'  nniUr  that  Hpocics,  p.  -tHH. 
(7)  Clio'riiliMni  lOicninnin  Horn. 
(")  ('lioTiilinni  oheninnin  Horn. 
(f  1  Clio'riilinin  I'lioninnni  Horn. 
{')  (^lioTidinin  I'bi'ninnni  Horn. 
(")  ('liirriiliinn  (■lioninnni  Horn, 
(t )  Hyli.»tf.s  ?  H(|na!iili'nN.      Ttii'   Iclli-rs 
rnpn'Nt!nt  the   work  of  <li«tiiic't    imli- 
vidnaJN. 
(j)  z^'i'A  d.     Hylikslesf  H(|tialiilfnN. 
( T)  =  'j:i  a.     Hvla.sK'sf  K(|iii.li<l('iiM 
(H.');{,"i)   ('|-')  A   f;a);inenl    of  vojictahlc 

(issnc,  put  <ui  the  phite  )iy  iniHtaki'. 
(I4ii;i'))   Ci)  \   fra)!;ni«iit   of    vi'){titahli« 
tiiwnu,  put  on  tin-  plate  liy  iniHtake. 
668 


!t. 

to. 

II. 

i:{. 

14. 

l.'i. 


IH. 
1». 

•il. 
•y-i. 


'i4. 

a<i. 

27. 


{  ait.  {14.'):W)  Co  l'tero8tichn§  fractUB. 

j  MO.  ai.".:f.')  CO  ricro8ttchn«fractnH. 

I  :il.  |1M7."))  (Ji  I'latynnsharttii. 

!  M.  (U.'fcV.f)  (',")  Lori<^craf  Intosa. 

:i:i.  (Uotilt)  (")  Oonacia  poinpatica. 

;14.  (14ri8i)(f)  Donavia  pnmpatica. 

:r>.  (l4r>l(l)(V')  inedin»(,'laelatiig. 

;tl>.  ( 14.">.V.J)  ( V  )  OxypornN  HtiriaenH. 

:)7.  (14ri(>:!)  ( t )  I'latynnMdiNHlputiiN. 

;iH.  (H'l.Vi;  ( 'i")  l.athrohinni  interRliieiale. 

IIS).  (Il-'iltih  ('0  riero.HtichnN  ahroKains. 

411.  ill.'kMi)  0;'')  Meinhldinni  Kl<>ci<itnni. 

4!.  (Il.vr>)  (;)  I'hityunH  halli. 

■li.  (II.Vj;i)  ("i  IMiiiynim  ciiNns. 

4:1.   1 144-<*>)  (0  I'hityniiH  de.snetiiN. 

44.  (14."i*>)  (^•)  I'teroHtiehnsdcstitntUB. 

I.'i.  (I4.'>IIU|  (f)  Itenihidinin  fra);mentnin. 

1(1.   (14.">4'.M  (")  l'tero,stichn.s  deslructHH. 

17.  (It.VU)  Oi")  Hydroi'hiiM  aiiiiclii8. 

4-'.  ( iLVCi)  ( " )  I'atrohnH  k<'I'*1"'*' 

4it.   (  M.Vli*)  ('")  I'leroHtiehnN  dorniitan.s. 

."lO.  (',")  liorieera  >;laoialiH. 

.')!.  iU^'"*)  ('■  1  riatynns  drHnetnN. 

.Vi.   (\)  rtiro.stichns  nelidn». 

.">!!.  (  M.VI.'i)  ( ','■)  Helopliorns  ri^rewenH. 

.".I.  (14.'.;!:t)  (V)  I'lalynn.s  hindei. 

.'),">.  vll"»i:t)  I  'i")  I'terostielnii*  dorniitanH. 

.■>().  (14.VJ7)  (',")  KlaphrnH  irre);ulariN. 

.'>7.  ( l()41)i)  ( 'I'O  liinicera  KlaeialiH. 

i">H.  (14477)  (V)  I'latynnx  deHuetnH. 

">',».   (")  I'ti'rostiehnH  ({vlidiiN. 

tiO.  (ItUl'')  (|)  PterostichnH  gelnlnN. 

til.  ( 'i* )  rturoNtiehnH  yrelidnH. 


4 


(ft 
4 


CJ  S  GEOLOGICAl.  SURVEY  0[''  THE  lERKlTOH  lES 

I'EHTIAKY   rN.SK(.;r.S   OF  NflKril  AmPIF^ICA 


PL     1 


QuAitTKUNARv    Bonk    Cavkk  ano    Cl^ay  Beus 


"-*=» 


i 


'i*a 


V 


PLATE  II. 


EXPLANATION    OK    IM.ATE   II. 

All  the  (IrawiDKR  were  made  by  J.  Hmry  lilake,  excepting  Fig.  r>,  which  Ib  liy  8.  H.  Hciidder. 


Fig.  1. 
!2. 
U. 
4. 
5. 


10. 
11. 


('40frD)  (f )  Araaen  (•(iliiinliiii-. 

(40aD)  (Y)  Araiivit  cnliiiiihiii-. 

('MD;  (?)  Head  '>f  a  libclliiliue  odonnti*. 

i'MaX))  (f  >  8lHMiii|iliiM  qiieNiieli. 

(34aD)  it)  SliciiaphiH  i|iiei4ni-li.  Part  uf 
the  neiiration,  the  veiiiH  of  (lie  two  over- 
lapping wiiigH  iliHliiigiilMhiMl  by  lipjiig 
drawn,  one  wiih  Holid,  the  other  with 
broken  lines). 

(19D)  (<)  (jlerancon  pelronun. 

(146Crt)  (f )  nothroDiicroninM  laohlani. 

(36D)  Cl)  HothroniliTcnniiN  Inchlani. 

(36D)(',">  MothroinivronuiH  lurhlani.  Kye 
and  head  appendageN. 

(StiDX'i")  Knthromicrnniuttlachlani.  Max- 
illary palpnH. 

(l.'tOriB)  (7)  TelmalrechiiN  Niali. 

(7:il))  (f )  TelmatrechnN  Hl&li. 

(75D)  (?)  Cu-lidia  coIuinbiaDa. 
670 


Fig.  14.  (tiuD)  (f)  Cereopig  Melwyni, 

15.  (I.'>U72)  ())  Cereopig  solwyui. 

10.  (77D)  (])  Planophlebia  gigautea. 

17.  (14(i»(!t)  (V)Tele<mcliiHtiiNautiqnnH. 

18.  (I4ririi))  (t)  TeleoNchixtni)  antiqnns. 
I'.l.  (IWD)  (t)  TeleoHcliiMtnH  autiqunn. 
•H).  (.»I>)  (t)  Nebria  pale elaH. 

ai.  (.">7D)  C)^)  Cercyoii?  terrigena. 

*J.  ((ill))  (^)  Trox  oiiHtaleli. 

•rX  (."ill))  Ci)  Bnpre8ti»  t«rtiaria. 

'.24.  (4UD)  (V)  Kiiprestiiisaxigena. 

'ifi.  (15073)  (V)  Bnprestis  saxigena. 

•H\.  (o:<D)  (V)  Diiprestig  aepulta. 

'ZT.  (59D)  (Y)  Cryptoliypnusf  terreittriH. 

•is.  (60D)  (?)  Klateridier  sp.     See  p.  4!»8. 

'AK  (v!4D)  (?)  I'ronietopiadepiliH. 

:W).  (li)075)  (',*)  Cryptohypunsf  terrestris. 

111.  {&in)  (f )  Oalerncella  picea. 

3-i.  ((i:lD)  (f)  Tenebrio  priniigeuinH. 


U  S  CEOLOCirAJ.  SURVEY  OF  'I'HL'',  TERRITORIES. 

'Ikki'IAky  lN.si';<;'ivs  ok  Nnrnii  Amkrica 


'I.    2 


'Vl  Rill.  1.1,1  \  F.«  l.ith 


Tl'.T-l'riARIK.S     OK    QtJESNEl-^,   NlCOl.A     AN  n     .SlMIIjKAMlin-.N. 

lli-.Mii''i'i'.i(.\ .    (  1)1  .|.;(>PTi.it.s      i;i'i 


ci- 


PLATE  III 


ni 


EXI'LAJHATION    «F    PLATE    III. 

All  the  (IrawiiiKH  wer«  iiiimIo  by  J.  Hunry  Ulaku,  excepting  k''i|{,  6,  which  I'l  by  8.  II.  Soudder. 


Ki^.    1-  (ID)  (V)  lleteriHiiyzaHHiiiliH. 
"i.  (tl>)(f)  HfttToinyza  HetiiliH. 
;».  («!))  ( V)  8tii>ui.v/.ii  ruvoluta. 

4.  (14071)  (!)  Hcloiiiyzu  rfvulnlu. 

5.  ('iil*)  (f )  Soioiiiyzu  n-vulatit. 

6.  d)  8('iuiiiy/.a  ruvulutit.    Ru)tt<>rt>il. 

7.  (:<!))  (t)  liriii'liyiw/itttbita. 

8.  (14(>5ri)  ()}  Uruvliypozii  abila. 

9.  (iti))  0)  UoletiiiuHe|iiilta. 

10.  (.''lU)  (f )  Lithortulis  |iivtu. 

11.  (U<>.M)  (I)  l)olit!ho|iii<i  H|t. 
I'i.  (t>D)  (t)  Triiihoiita  <law<H)iii. 
la.  (14C4!«)  (f)'rriohoiittt  diiwMotii. 

14.  (4D)(f )  lirauhyp»zu|iroi;er»  ;  ii,(V)hind 

tibia. 

15.  ('iOD)  (i)  I'.illi>|it«rii  iiKirliviiiik. 

16.  (,5D)  (V)  I.<ithurtalii<  pivtii. 

17.  (4»L»)  (',")  8'iiara  dopiirdita. 

18.  (17I>)  (f )  Liunehiua  w^nttHceim. 

li).  (XiD)  (^°)  Antlioiuyia  inaiiiiuata. 
67a 


Kijf.'iO. 


•ii. 

'.>5. 
»i. 
!i7. 
'M. 

at. 
:u). 


34. 


(1500U)  (y  I  i^lfi'iii  ainiilkamonna. 

(KiUfii)  (f)  I'loviaNimilkaiiieeiia. 

(8121))  (})  riuvia  Hiiuilkamtwiia.  (C'upi>' 1 
by  /.ittel,  Ilaiidb.  il  paliKtiiit.,  V\g.  1()8«).) 
(I,  (V)  aiiteiiiiiK ;  l>,  (■,")  tiliia  and  tarxi 
of  bind  \ng, 

(311))  (f)  I'iiupla  Haxon. 

(lUD)  (-)  Kuriiiica  arcaiui. 

(HD)  (?)  Ilypiicliiiia  iiblilerata. 

(146.'>3)  ())  llyporliiiiatibliterata. 

(DD)  (f )  Piiiipla  diiceiiiia. 

(3:iD)  (f)  Apb»<iio)(aHt«i'  loiiKiBva. 

(lOM))  (V)  Piiiipla  HxiixcMi. 

(HtKiO)  (f )  ririipla  Nuiieota. 

(IUD)(f)  Piiiipla  Henecta. 

(7D)  (!;  CalyptileH  aiile<liliivianiiiii, 
(Copied  by  Zitlel,  I.  v.,  t'ig.  lUW.  ) 

(7hD)(?)  Hracoii  sp. 

('Jul))  (V)  Authoniyia  biirgeiuii. 


-^TffWg: 


i 


u  s.  OFni.nnicAi,  r.uHvi'iv  of-'  rub, 'ikhkitorif.s 


Pi,  3 


'IKHTIARII-.  H     Ol-    QlJK.SNt;!^.   NlCOl.A     ANU     W  IMI I  iK  AM  in;  N 
I  )i  I'T  i:ii  A    II  \-.\ii'.Noi  "I!;  1 1.\ 


EXPLANATION    OF    PTjATF    IV. 


All  the  drawings  were  made  l>y  J.  Henry  RUke. 


Fig.  1.  (14001)  (})  TeliiiatrpcliiiH  iittrallcliin. 
!i.  {14(iO())  (^)  Plociiviwiilei. 
:!.  (14.VJ4)(?)  riocia  piiil.'i. 

4.  ({)  Indusia  calciiIiiHa.     (Copird  by  /iltt-1, 

Haiidli.  d.  palii'oiit.,  Fi(;. '.(Sij.) 

5.  (V)  Corydalites  ftK'niidiiiii.      Snininit   of 

egg  from  nbovo. 
(i.  (V)  CorydalitfH    feciiiidiiiii.      Siiiniiiit  uf 
t'gg  from  H<do. 

7.  (',•)  Corydalilf.s  reciiiidnm.     Un.se  iil"  egg 

iiicloM-d  ill  itMuell. 

8.  (tifc)  (?)  Cii'lidia  wyomiiigeuHiH. 
It.  (St.  16)  Ci")  Scidmvztt  iiiaiicaf. 

10.  (14613)  (?)  PU'cia  peiilfi. 

11.  (14.'')9fi)  (?)  Plecia  pealei. 
Vi.  (4(1)  (?)  ri.Tiii  in-iilci. 

in.  (i)  Coiyiliilit<stVciiii(liiiii.     Tlii<riglil  Imml 

l>orlii>ii  ol'Fi^.  14  ciilargt'il. 
14.  ({)  Corydaliti'M  fecmidiini.     Side   \  ii-w  iif 
one-half  of  egg-niatw,  broken  longitudi- 
nally in  the  middle. 
674 


Fig.  15.  Corydalites  fecnnduiu.     Schematic  lignre, 
eroHH-Heetioii. 
10.  ({)  CoryiliiliteH  focnndiini,     Siile  view  of 
egg-miiN«.     (Copied  by  Zittel,  1.  e..  Fig. 
'.ma. 

17.  (V)  Coiydalis  eornntnN  (recent).      Side 
view  of  egg. 

18.  (-"^P)  Corydalites  feeiiiiduin.    Cniteriform 

inicropylio  pniinineiiee  of  snininif  of  egg. 
It>.  (I)  CorydiililcM  feenndniii.     .*<awii  er(»H- 

Hectiun  of  <  ^g-iniiHH. 
■-'0.  (I)  CorydaliteN  feeundniii.       Koek   frng- 

menl,  Kbowing  two  egg  niUHxeH  embedded 

in  it,  witli  fresh-water  gastropods  beside 

tlieni. 
'i\.  (',■)  Corydalites  fei-nndiiiii.      Side  view  of 

egg.     (Copied  liy  Zitlil,  I.  c.,  Fig.  iWlfc.) 
'J*J.   (V)  I'orydaliiH  corniitiis  (reeeiil).     Side 

view  of  Hiimmit  of  egg. 
2;{.  ({)  Corydalites  fecnndum.     Uroken  eross- 

soction  of  egg-mass. 


'  !  1' 


s.  cF.ni.ncHCAi.  :sijrv1':y  (ik  'che  •rp;pKiTnF%i?"'-.s 


I'ehtiainY  ItKShc'i'n  OF  NrniTii  Ammhica 


Fi.    -4. 


X 


f 


V 


./' 


^^/fi!9r^r*^ 


V 


^.•*a^-^<»- . 


■■;.v  i2^-    g^^;  -^^^ 


\^' 


^'Tiw,;,;..,, 


iii  ^ 


^^^s^l^f^ 


^ 


A 


Mi.sL-  i:i.i.  A.Niu)i!  w 


PLATE   V 


I 


KXFLAXATION    OF    I'LATE    V. 

Finn.  1,  -i,  .",  10,  II,  II,  1,-1,  25--.'-,  •£*-.»,  :17-;KI,  «-."il,  r.4,  55,  M-{\\,  <«-)-7a,  74-70,  7S)-«)7,  90-lfc!,  95,  9H-105, 
U0-l'.'4  wrni  ilrinvn  by  .1.  Henry  lilake;  l-'igH.  :i,  4,  O-'.t,  12,  Kt,  l(i,  17,  'M-'i4,  Wi-Xt,  40,  41,  5a,  53,  K>, 
*f,  H".>,  IMi,  '.t*.  loo,  lOitrt  l.y  A.  AHUiimiiu;  KigH.  ao,  'J\,  711,  77,  lOC-lOH,  125  by  J.  H.  Kmertou;  FigH. 
18,  lit,  .'Hi.  .■>7.  »iJ-»'.4  by  1'.  Kcwiter,  iiml  FigH.  28, :«),  7rt,  '.13,  U4  by  S.  H.  Sentlilcr.  Thu  original  driiw- 
iiigHof  FigH.  ij,  13,  23,  .''>7,  >>i  were  alBo  altered  by  S.  II.  8i'n<](lHr,  aiid  FigH,  104  iintl  115  wvru  aflcr 
IiIh  eaiiiurii  liivida  sketclirH. 


¥\g    1.  (ISO.M)  I V)  ('niiiiiiiiiiiiiiH  vi'tiin. 

'J.  ll.^O.'tl)   ({)    ('uilipullUtUH  Vl'tllH. 

\t.  (I'>0.'t7)  (g)  Sth-kt*iila  iii-i-UHta. 

4.  (15ti.')7t  (f)  SackeiiiH  aroiiata. 

5.  i'iWiM'f)  Acruovra  liii-KiitA. 
(I.  (In)  ip  U.iiiriattt  clculiiui. 
7.  ila)  \\)  (iiiuriHtoilentimi. 
B.  ;lti(i)  ('>  <'iili«x  pi-uttvitui*. 
9.  (IC^I  (t>  Vn\vx  proavitiiii. 

10.  (:.'i(iM)  (tl  Liomi-t<>|iuiu  pinKUA. 

11.  (HIM  Howl  nf  a  liytiioniiptpruiia  insert. 

12.  ('.')  ())  Sacki'iiia  arciiaia. 

13.  ii)  ii)  Savkuniaanualu.    (Coplwl  by  Zitt«l,  Uauilb. 

li.  palii'iiDt.,  Fill.  KiiW.) 

14.  (7K(il  It)  li'liiieuniiiii  petriiius. 
Ifi.  i7Hat  (j)  lohneiiiiiun  |>oti'iiiiiA. 
Itt.  (46)  ($1  DicrAiiumyia  Hiitriiiuim. 
17.  (4bM0  UifTHUtimyia  Hli^iiioHa. 
IH.  iH}  (j)  <.'liirouoiu'iiH  pa(cim. 

19.  <5()  <<j)  (;li)r»iioiiiuii  pnteuH. 

?0.  (67a)  (f)  l>icrHiitiiii,viu  priinitiva. 

21.  (.'i7a)  (I)  DirranuiiiyiH  priiuitivu. 

2'.>.  (7ii)  (|l  Ciiivlhru e'liln. 

2:i.  (7ai  (tl  (Joivthru  oiitii. 

'H.  (7lcl  (tl  <Jliir<illiini>diu  np. 

'J.i.  (6i*^i  ()l  Dirruiioiiiyia  atiKiiiiiHa. 

20.  ifl.'b)  (jl  Dicranuiiiyia  HtiKiiiOHa. 

27.  ()f>l  (fl   DitTillliiiiiyla  HiiuliiOHa. 

28.  (.%4I  (VI  ('liiriiiiomtiH  pati'UH. 
211.  (70M  (J)  LitHiiiptfru  rftM'MHii. 

30.  (70^)  it|i  Laoiiiptvra  rtH'ttNaa. 

31.  <7U6m',^)  LaHinjiUTa  reoMrtNa. 

32.  (7ldi  d'  (.'hirouonililii!  np. 

33.  (7lifl  (jl  (°hir<>iiiiiuiila<  »p. 

34.  (1.'4I59I  (;i  LitboiiivtHComlita.  (Copied bv  Zittel.  I.e., 

Kiu.  l(m».  I 

3.t.  (l.MI.'iOi  (||  Litliiiniyr.a  ciiiiilita. 

30.  (150.^9Mil   I'llboiiiyZri  ooihI  ta. 

37.  (77(iM/t  Spilailoinyia  Hiinplox. 

38.  (77(nl}l  Spiladoniyia  Hiiiipkx. 
3».  iLlufili  1)1  I'l-uijiipi'ili'liia  rediviva. 
4U.  (K.  (p  Dii-raiHilnylu  roHtrata. 

41.  (K)  (jl  Dicrauuinyia  ruHtrala. 

42.  (.'*3l(|)   Uiorauofiiy  ia  HtiKniotia. 

43.  (5:im}i  I>i''raiioii(yia  Htiuiitoaa. 

44.  (.'iHf.'l  (tl  Mycetotihila  ocrultat*. 
4.1.  (.'>8<!M|I  Mvoftophila  iHTilltata. 

46.  lOUM  (||  'I'ipiilalnrta. 

47.  IIMi)  I  {I    Tijiula  l..rla. 

48.  i46'<Mfl  KriHli!.inlapi<liiii». 
4!).  (4lif>i  (jl  Kri^taliH  lapidtMin. 
041.  (3.'(rl  I VI  Sarkoiliaf  Hp. 

.M.  (33rMVl   raroitNiHMlH  atHilllH'llls. 

.12.  (l.KIStMll  Hyilropiivrhi' iipiTta. 

.13.  il.KHI4i(ji  llvilropHvcl pi.ita. 

51.  II.KHiaMJl   Mvi'i'liiptiiluiKinltala. 

6.1.  (liO<UiM|i  Mvn.tiiphllaiici'iiltata. 

M.  I7(lal  1)1  Tipiila  ib'oreplta. 

.17.  (7(lal  (jl  Tipiila  ilncrvplta. 

SH.  (4.11  ()l  Ti>ttiKoiiiaiiliii.i  I.I. 

.1(1.  (411  I  jl  'IVItiuouiaubli.cla. 

6().  (67c'i(fi  ( A  Hmall  Hpocjea  II    .MmhchIw.) 

61.  (.ITr't  ij(  (  A  ninall  lt[wri«H  of  MuavillO}.! 

6J.  (I.'hii  i'i}  OhiriiniiiiiuH  (Ifipli'tiiB. 

63.  i3U>  ({>  Dicrauomyia  roHtrau. 

676 


Klg.    64. 
66. 

»A. 

07. 

68. 

tl9. 

70. 

71. 

72. 

73. 

74. 

7S. 

76. 

77. 

78. 

79. 

80. 

81. 

M. 

83 

H4. 

H.I. 

86. 

87. 

HH. 

8U. 

9(1. 

91. 

92. 

93. 

94. 

9.). 

96. 

97. 

9H. 

99. 
10^1. 
1(11. 
IU2. 
1113 
1(14. 
td.l. 
IIIO. 
1117. 
I  (114. 

urn. 

1U9(I 
IIU. 
111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 


U7 
IIH. 
119. 
120. 
121. 
122. 
123. 
124. 
12S. 


(30|  (Jl  UUTaiioiiiyiarimtratu. 
(Onl  (il  Dkraiioiiiylii  priiiiltiva. 
(66)  (^1  Dici-aiioliiyla  prliiiitiva. 
(6//I  (it  DIcrauuiuyfa  priiiiitlra. 
(416)  (f)  Dicrauomyiu  atitjmuaa. 
(416;  (I)  DlcrauDiuyiu  HtlKiiiosa. 
(33)  (})  Ptti'.byiiitiitiH  petmnaia. 
(33)  ())  I'acliyiiii'i'iiH  pvtrL'Usla. 
(.10)  (jl  Miiaua  byilriipicn. 
(716)  (t)  Miiara  bilMiwL 
(69)  (|l  MiiiH'aaacariiltMl 
(636)  (if)  MiiHcanaeariiloa! 
(16(163)  (<,i)  Untfuiiiyzu  tloU'Cta. 
(18)  (|)  Munoa  TiDciila(a. 

(1.1062)  cf)  Cyttaroiiiyia  feneatrata. 
(176)  (|'  Miiaca aacaridus. 

(7l*6|  (?,'  Muaraap. 
(7861  ('     MilHCaap. 
(62c)  (f,  Miiara  aacaridtiH. 
(62c)  (j)   MilHCa  aHcai'Idva. 
(.12c)  (.})  MiiHi'ttOHfandea. 
( 16(I53|'  ( 1 1  M  iiHca  aacaridea. 
(17ci  (})  Si iiai-.a  UHirurldt'H. 
(0361  (|)   M iiaca  aararldm. 
(211)  (!)  I.ilhailulhi'lpa  vi'tiiata. 

(29)  (j)  Mtbadnlliripa  vptiiata. 
(466)  ({)  Mi-laiiiitliripHoxtiucta. 
(416)  (j)  Mi-laiiiithi'ipH  «xtiiii:ta. 
(1.10.16)  (|)  Mii4ru  bydnipica. 

(1.1063)  CO  Miinra  hyilropira. 

(446)  (V)  llytliosri>|iiia  lupidvacena. 

(4i)  (i)  Delpbax  acnilia. 

(22)  (fl  Aphana  atava, 

(221  (j)  Apliaiiaatava. 

(.136)  (t)  MiiHca  iLHcaridoa. 

(53c)  ({I  Miiiiva«|i. 

(.i:icl  (jl  MiiHia  np. 

(1961  ((I   Must'a  UM«'aridoa. 

(421  (}l   l.illiadiitlilipa  vi'tuata. 

1421  l|)  I.ltbailutbrlpa  vutiiata. 

(V'l   PalU'othrips  limsiliH. 

(VI  l^alwoibi-ipa  toHMilia. 

(44a|  ())  Mllai'il  ap. 

(2U)  (|)  MiiHca  bydriipica. 

(7:iai  (J)  Miiai'af  ap. 

(101(^1  Kutiniim  pi-tinoidiulia.     iCiipird  by  ZiUcl, 

I.e..  Ki'!.  Ii>n.) 
(I(i|  (|l  KulliiiUH  piimurdialiv, 
(15002)  (j)  OxviznuUM  lilMlllllla. 
(1.1062)  (VI  UiyKiiiiiH  niorliiiiK. 
(48)  (jl  LuiHtotropliiiH  pairlarcbii-iirt. 

(30)  (^)  KpipliuniH  delotuH. 
(36)  lii  KpiphauiK  di'lntua. 

(VI  I'ala'otbripK  foaitilia.     (Copied  by  Zitlcl.  1. 1- , 

Kilt.  B99. 1 
|07)  (f)  Lari'iiphiliiaap. 
|H7)  (jl  Laci'iipbihia  ap. 
(0.101  (Jl  Oxyti'liia  priatiiiiiH. 
(63a)  (()  Oxylclim  iirlnliiiiia. 
(6:iul  (VI  Oiyli'liiH  printlniia. 
(341  (fl  Hifiiibiilituii  oxuli'tiinj. 
(341  iji  Itcnibidiuni  rxolntiiiu. 
(776)  ;ti  (iyropbiuua  HAxicolik. 
(776|  i;i  (tvriipbwuaaaiicuiit. 
(46a)  ({)  Urucbua  anilia. 


u  s  C;f'^,(jLni;icAL  :31Ji<vL'";y  of  the  •ri-;i-;H.i'roHit;;3 

'rEKTiArvi-  [nkkc'I's  'a-  ^JclK'm  Amkrica 


Pi.   £ 


VVni'TK    Hivi;i<  Hkds,    \Vi;f-!'i'i"HN   C.'oiiOU  a;  ,  o. 


.   1 

i  ! 


t    ' 


PLATE  VI 


1  t 


;  n 


-Mi 


i; 

'  1                      r 

1   ? 

;  ■  ! 

li            ^ 

KXI'l.VSViroN    OK    IM-.VTK    VI. 

All  tint  iliawiii^s  went  iiiiiilr  i.y  .1.  Ilriiry  lllnko. 


Fit;.    1.  (MTPI    (^)    Dvsanrioii    imikaniii ;    liody 
oiil.v. 
'■!.   (IlKl)  (i)  nyHiiKiio"  fii'iliTicii ;   liciiil  iiiid 

hnsi'  1)1'  will);. 
II.  (Ut'il'X  M  Mys.iuriiiii  pmUiirclii :  t'.iio  wiiin- 
(Copiril  liy  Zi.trl,    lliiliilli.    il.  |ml:ii)iil.' 
KiK.  ItT'.t.  1 
■I.  (II/.'i)  (i)   I,il)clliilii  H|i. :  ri'vi'iNc  of  V\)i. 

Ifi;  purl  (if .'tliiloiiuri, 
.'.   (tl*-'')  (i|    DyniiHiion    IrciliTiiii :    pint    cil' 

iilxlonii'ii. 
li.  (11*0)  (j)   Dysanrioii   I'li'iliiicii  ;  tii'iniiiiil 

jointN  ol'  aliiloiiii'ii. 
7.   (Illi'.li    ill    I'lKla^^iiiMi    alioi'liviiin :    lip   nl 

(oif  wiiiK  iioxl  plcnisliyiiia. 
^.  (41lV,ll    I!)    I'ddayiiiiii     alicul i viim  ;     Inn' 

wiiij;. 
;'.  ( ll()T-ll(W|  ( I)  l»ysa;;rinii  lii'iliricii  :   I'dh' 

wiiin. 
to.  (417'.M  () )  l)y»a«iiiiii  IriMlciicii ;   l;cail. 
II.  ( I  ITl' 1  ( 1  H>y«aKiiiiii    parkaiilii;  alulKiiii- 

iial  appcnila^irH. 
I'J.    CJ.V-'I'')  Ti )  Isiiilrs  liTtialills. 
lit.   (-tlH^l    ifl    rriiiii'iiliiliiiiH   tiTliariiis ;     lUri' 

wiiiK. 
1 1.   (■l|(M-4l<!<i1  ( i  )  Dysatfriiiii  I'rrilrnc'ii  ?;  rnro 

l.'i.   I  l.')lli  I  (V )  InliiN  li'JIiiHti  r. 


I'itf.  Ml.  (JlTti)  ( f )  MliclliiluHp. ;  reversn  of  Flf{.  4  J 

|iart  iiCaliiloiiK'ii. 
17.  (417:1)  ( i )  l>yHiij;ri(iii  t'rnlt'ricii;  nlxlnnien  ; 

iii'i'i{|i'ni»||y  platM'il  o[i  tlio  plnt<<  iipHidii 

down. 
I''.  (II'.2I')  (Vi  I'miK'nioldiiH  iiidiirntiiii;  part 

of  will;;. 
I'.'.  (;WH)  ( i  ) ''ixi'i^  liOMpcfidr  n. 
'.'II.  ( 1 141.)  ( I )  V'lvninnlU'H  NlijriiiutiiMini. 
'■il.  () )  I'miii'iiioldiis  tiTtiariim.  , 

'■i'i.  (V)  I'ri)ii)'iiiiildiiH  Hiiiitliii. 
'i:l.  (IHKi  (')  rMiiiiMiinliliiHtcrliariiit;  liiiidl«i;. 
■J4.  (4I»7(1)  (I)  l.yntra  rirlmrdHoiii. 
v'.'i.  ,  |:I7I*)  I  ; )  raialaliiidia  MtiiNNiirri. 
•-'i;.  ( IMI't  (  p  Cicadiilu  saxo.sa. 
•-'7.  (li.'ilO  <.'{)  Apliaiia  riitiindipt-iiidN. 
-''.   C.llll.)  ('i  )  l.illiopsiH  (diiiinata;  fnr(>  wiu|{. 
•-".I.   (IIMIK)  (0  AcdirplialiiH  ad»'. 
:lii.  (4'J17)  ( jM  I.yslrii  iirliHi(i..(>ni. 
ill:  (4-.'07-4-JOH)  I  ■■)  l.yHira  riclinrdsoni. 
;(■-'.  (ll.'HM  (')  Ci'icopJtt'M  calllHcons. 
:i:t.  ( llill'l  (I )  riia'iiiiiit<'tti\  Kaiinrtti. 
:U.   (I171')(',>  llainmaptcryx  rt'ticiilatii;  partH 

of  twii  liirc  wiiiKN. 
:r>.  (l'.M{)(i)  Kiil(;ora  (iraiiiilima. 
:iii.  ( I  t-IM  Ci  I  latliiiphiH  linilii'lala  :  fori'  wiii){ 
117.  (4lfi'i)  1. 1 )  I'itliopHiH  liiiiliriata.  (('opiiMl  liy 

Ziltid,  1.  c,  tin.  'MX) 


rpvHrso  of  Fijf,  4 ; 

lorioii;  aliilnnien; 
I  tliii  plnt(<  ii|mii|« 

iiiiliirntiiN;  piirt 

Irii. 
KMiatiriirii. 

IN. 

liiirMM;liiii(llflg. 

wiii. 

iiii.H.siirci. 

II. 

li|>('IIMJN. 

ita ;  for<>  wiiijf. 

111'. 

iiiii. 

liiirilHoiii. 

iHcoim. 

iiiiiipttj. 

!ti(!iilntit;  partH 

4a. 

ata:  fi)ri'  wiiijj. 

ita.  (Copicl  Uy 


u  s,  Gh;()[.ri(HCAL,  :iUfwp',Y  nv  thk  tf.rhitohiks 

I"ki-!'''iai-'Y  Iii.".!'/ ■'!'.'■  'iK  N'ltvrii  Amkp:';a 


I  >  ■    (■■ 


--c>-^. 


/.r> 


".!■ 


:\,. 


'rt 


•■^•:,. 


>»■' 


■^•i-i 


ii 


'■•-  <i , 


-^^CV.'^^  '^/'■:<4 


(       \ 


#■'    |:> 


f'-Yy} 


j  ^i:^«^ 


■■'■*     ■■"■■ir-.. 


i'fr^ 


m' 


■-;^, 


#^ 


\*i 


"■<"  ■■ 


i«V 


\     .m  .^^ 


^ 


W-. 


-w>;! 


*;•■ 


f^ 


h^.l^X 


Orken   Rivkr   Beds.     Wyomino    Terr 

.Ni:i   lliil'li:n  \       i  )  ii'i' I  li  >l '  I  l;ll,\     I  h  iMli'  I  I',  ll  A 


-!« 


; ) 


i 


:  I 


I  ( 


«!fei«,sSL'j!A 


KXI'l.AN  ATION    ity    I'l.ATK  VII. 

All  tlio  ilrii\vlii|{H  wi'M'  iiimli'  liv  .1.  Ili-iii.v  llliikr,  i-\n'|il  Ki);.  V4,  wlili'li  U  by  Pitiil  Kouttor. 


ri)(.    I.  I  ll'.)l{)  ( f )  L.VHtrii  I'li'litti'ilHcinl. 

•J.  c I ''•"')  (M  l..v»ti:i  Iffi. 

:i.  ( I'Jlv!)  ( i')  l.yHli'ji  rli'liiti'ilKiiiil, 

1.  (Illl.)  Ci' ) 'r<'t(lKi>iiiii  pi'iNCdiiiiiruiiiiitii. 

.'■■  (I'.I)I')  (;)'riiitiiini>li'tli\  uuiiiiKltl. 

il.  (*:il,)  ( I  )TliiiiiiiiM|i'tti\  iniililitlii. 

T.  (II.)  I,')  l'alir|ilin|,'l  |iltti  riirlll. 

H,  (liiTT)  (H  NciVK'iiMiH  iciliiiidaliiM. 

l».  (III"!')  (i)  CiM-nipilrn  iiiillMiilills. 

Id.  (KIM')  ( I  )  .V   jijiir  (if  (iM'r!ii|i|iiii;j   winns, 

ll|l|>al'Pllllv  tllr  lc'),'lllilllt  <>rNilllli'  llcllllii|i- 
Iri'iiMN  iiiNi'i't,  liiit  wliii'li  I  am  UM  vi't  nil- 
iil>l«  to  placo  iiiMir  I'Mntlv;  il«  ri'Hriii- 
li|i»iici<  111  (HiaiiiH  liili'fjHU,  ri^.  I",  i^ 
iiiaiiHi-Kt. 

II.  (ilCiM    ;  I  Ciiii/iiH  KnItatiiN, 

1'.'.  (|.V.'l''i  (  '")  .strnnpi'lta  piini'Milala,  ami  a 

piil'lioii  tiiiii'i'  liiulil.v  iiiaKiiilli'il. 

i:i.  (IT'.'Ki  (',')  Sli'iiiipi'lla  pdiii'liilala, 

14.  (4I'.KI)  1  'i  H  'yrlimii'MiiN  <oiiriiinii'<. 

V>.  0""')  Ti )  CrriMipis  aHiiiila. 

Id.  (Illl'i  (V)  KiilKiira  popiilahi. 

17.  (:ll(<l{)  I ;  I  Ollarilc.H  tt'iri'iiliila. 

IH.  (II'.M'M'  I  ••lianiM  ;  liilcii>is. 

III.  (:i'.llil('  1  I'l'iicyiliiiiH  mamillaiiiiH. 
VII.  i4l'.f.'i  iVi  l.yctiKdiis  Imi'iiH. 

•il.  (ll:ir>  (-)  ('Imliilatntiiinala. 


KiK<'.iV.  (IML)  (O  N*<<'>'<><'>'<l»il'*  Koniiiti'iiNJN. 
V!:i.  (l:ttlU)  (!)  niKiiiiliit  incapax. 
'U.  (iniifilO    if  I    Antlii-riipliaK'iH    |i  r  I  h  r  ii  h. 

(CiipitMl  liy  /iltol,  IIiumII).  <I.  pitla-ont., 

I'"l){.  lO.'il.) 
'.j.'i.  (7'.)|'j(|'l  llvclroliliiN  I'liiitlxiiN. 
'it\.  ('.':il{l  (  ';  1  lliiii'liylariiiN  pi'iNtiiiiiN. 
•,'7,  e^ldlO  i;i  l.acnililiiH  (•liiiiKiiKix;  rxvprNx 

III'    IM'M. 

'in.  (l:Hii/lt')  {')  l.ai'i'iilil.is  rloii^atiiN. 

-.".•.  ^liMi:l  4n«l|)  (;i  Cryplni'i'plmliiN   vutnitlim. 

:i(l.  (4i)I.''i.:I'.I'.I()m;)  Myiotn'tiiii  liiiintnliiN. 

;il.  I  I'.'U)  (  ,'  I  KpiiiiTtw  )>\aiiliiilN. 

ICJ.  ('i4l<)  (';)  NiMitliaiii'H  Ii'hIimin. 

:i:i.  (4IIHt)  ( f)  'riiipiMtrriiiiM  nrnlptillH. 

:14.  (S;il')  (n  I'lalyiiiiHca'.tiis. 

:iri,  ( ll'.in  ( ',-')  Aiitlii'i'opliaxiiH  pi'iNviiH. 

;Ui.  (rttll')  (f )  Ndwiilrmlriiii  tritaviiiii. 

;I7.  ( IIIIMt)  (V)  <'l'M'l'ii<'plialiiH  vntilHtilH. 

:W.  (;i!H»H)  C')  I'lalymiM  hi'IH'x. 

:i'.).  (4n,V.))  (i  )  Nfiilliaiii'H  ti'Hil  im. 

41).  (40*t))  (>,"Hli'rimiiH  Ni'XHliintUN. 

41.  i^'V)  (\')  I'araii.lrita  vi'Htila. 

A'i,  (il'.Kh  I 'I'rriils  \H  n  iiil.stnkii  anil  Hhoiild 
nut  liavK  lii'iMU'iiKravi'il.  Il  Ih  inuilit  up 
<if  partM  III'  twii  iiiHGctHiit  (litlVreiit  liivtijn 
on  the  hIhI). 


t'i 


■■I 


miiiteiiNiN, 

>itx, 

IK'IH     liriHciiR. 

"111.  ll.  lUtlll'dllt., 

XIIN. 
ll'iNtitlllH, 

iitfiiliiH;  rxvi^rNf 


us  f.i-:oi,()t;i[:Al,  r.ii[-;vi'',v  OK  Tllh 
Tf.fvrtABY  lNfii';''.'r;(  or  NtjH'm  Ami:hi''a 


[•:mhi  l'i[nF',.S 


"       ^;..s..     M-.       -^.'^  A '■?*'!>    f 


-♦'S.^"-. 


^^•'i^    li'l 


/A  -^ 


'■'''^r*^y.   s 


V..' 


W. 


n\%i 


W 


I  ui 


>■  :,  ■S12  ■I;*., ■«*.'' 


tili'V^'" 


'■■J',  i"  \  ',:':.'if'.  . '. 


Green   Rivkr    Bkok.     Wvcjmino     Tf.hh. 

Hi  Mii'TiMiA      I  1  )i  .|.:iii"ri  if.\ 


t  ^  i 


4 


I 


i!! 


■'iL_ 


'mmmv 


PLATE  VIII 


tl 


Si 


KXHIiANATHIN    <»'•'     I'L.VTK     VIII. 


All  tlio  i1rawin);N  won*  inmli>  1>y  J.  llonry  Hlake,  cxcuptiii);  V\>^n. 

Hocttcr. 


-.,  ;iii,  111,  :!:t,  :t4,  which  are  by  P. 


ill! 


y 


Fit;.  1.  (40:!8)  (',")  Anciliimii  oviili'. 

'.'.  (4(lv!;!,4(Wi  I'l)  'rr<i|>istt'rmi»  saxinlis. 
:i.   ( IW'J;!)  ( ',■ )  (■lyptiiiliviulms  iiiiiiosus. 
4.  (403.">)  ^JJ  Cratopaiis  rcprrtiis. 
r>.  (IM'.f.t)  (?)  rii;ihyilnmiiriiii:ivii8. 
ti.  (lillH)  Ci")  DiyiiiMti's  carbouarius. 
7.  (1104)  (])  EpicaTiis  ctlnsNiis. 
f.  (40()'i')  (',')  HiTDsiis  liMiiiis. 
'.I.  (KICK)  (',■•)  Chiirajjiis  lictilis. 

10.  (40f^l)  if)  HltMliiis  adaiiiiis. 

11.  ('|-')  llyilrdcliiiH  irlictiis. 

18.  (4040)  (")  Kiiijn.iMiptiis  ilcci'iiisatiiH. 
i;i.   (4m)4)  ( ")  Oliiirliy minis  luiiilia'. 

14.  (")  Hdiiialola  rccisa. 

15.  (I."i204)  (})  I.atlirdbimn  ahsci'ssiiiii. 
Ifi.  (481.)  (•"i")  AiilhiiiHiiiiiis  siiponis. 
17.  (V)  HoriiiiwiiH  partitiis. 

18    (40-*t!)  ( ',")  .\iMil.iniii  (li'ccptiiiii. 

19.  (V)  -Knialia  nipla. 

■JO.  (I.'ij:!|i  n  )  Kii^jiianiiitiiN  niamla'ViiH. 

'il.  ('"1P)(')  I.alliiiiliiMiii  aliHci'sMiiii. 

28.  (V)  TaiiytinMiis  hoculoiiiiM.      Tlic  nistrmii  iH 

lacking,  not  haviiif;  ln'cii  i'\po8<'<l  when 

the  plat«<  wiiH  iiiaile. 


l'"ij{.  8:t.  C!)  KiNtroiKitim  iniiratiiH. 

24.  (4(K-"2)  (f )  Anobiiiiii  ligiiitiiiii. 
2">.  (IMlli)  (ij)  OtioiliyiifliiiH  ponlitiis. 
2ti.  (4(147)  (V)  Gyniiiotroii  lecoiitei. 
■JT.  (41)1(7)  (1)  Hydrobiiis  <U!ciinT»tiiH. 
2H.  (l.'iai.'*)  (',")  I)iy<tra'!is  inipioHNim. 
2!l.  ^'•'*'^)  (i)  ('"luliago};!!)!  Ifrro.HiiM. 
:tO.  ( l.'>2:t!t)  ( I )  Epicarii.s  fxaiiiiiiiH. 
;il.   (liVJIUI)  (f )  KpicaTiis  I'xaiilmiH. 
:t2.  (1">2(I0)  (I)  .Siaphylinlt.s  obHolctmu. 
;t:t.  (1,'>2()7)  (I)  KpiciiTiis  naxalilis. 
:!4.  (I.'i207)())  KpicaTii.s  Ka\■alili^4. 
It.'i.  (\)  KpirariiH  rtTdSNiLs. 
;tii.  (ir)2i).-i)  (")  KiiicMTiiH  naxatilis. 
:!7.   (4il.">l)  (" )  IlyldbiiiH  prdViH'tiis. 
;!t<.  (.41114)  (',')  KpliaTiiH  t'XaiiiiiilM. 
:!!•.  (421(1)  Cfl  Opliiyaslcs  Cdiii|in«'tiiH. 
4(1.  (4(112)  (^)  Cratopariwf  climiiH. 

41.  (I.')21."i)  ( f)  llylobin.s  proveeliiH, 

42.  (iW.tl)  ;?)  KpiiaruH  I'xaniiuis. 


l>y  P. 


I 


( i  i<  K  K N     1  ^  1  V I . H    H 1 : n s       \V v 1 1 m  i  n  < '     ' T' " m h 


;  U 


1 


EXPLANATION    <»F    IM-VTK    IX. 

All  tbe  ilruwinKH  wt<ri<  niudc  liy  J.  HtMiry  Mlakx,  exceptiu);  Fix  '<21,  wlii»li  is  by  Kilwanl  BurgeM. 


Fig.   1.  (15192)  (O  >'^cinniy/n  iiiiinca. 
'.>.  (151H6)  (V)  Seioniy/.a  inanca. 

3.  (irilH")  ( V' )  Scioiii\  /,ii  iiiiiiK-a. 

4.  (4l'i;'))(J)  Scioiiiy^.a  iiiitiica. 
r>.  (15193)  (i)  Sfioiiiyzii  iiiiinca 
0.  (1518(i)  (V)  Scioiiiyzii  iiiaiivu. 

7.  Ci")  Scioriiyza  (linjrrtii. 

8.  (4113)(';)CliiI«i.siii8i). 

'A  (59L)  (?)  I'Milota  tiibiilosii. 

10.  (4143)  (',)  StoiiiiciiicliN  aiinniiila. 

11.  (7IL)  Ci")  Calloiiiyiii  torporata. 
I'i.  (titiL)  (',•')  Anaclinia  f  h|). 

l:l.  (I4ti<.)|)  (f)  MiU'Hiik  qiiaiiritta. 

14.  (15184)  (})  Cliilo!4iauiii|ila(f). 

15.  (15191)  Ci  )  .Scioiuyza  iiiuiuMt. 
Ui.  (L'lllMi)  (O  .Sviouiyzu  iiiaiica. 
17.  (V)  Asarfoiiiyia  ciMlaviT. 

684 


Fig.  18.  (15188)  (?)  Svioiny/.a  iimiicu. 

19.  (14(>96)  (i')  Poluiiiiyia  rtH'ta. 

■-'0.  (41'.Jl)  (V)  .Scioiiiy/.a  iiiHiicn. 

•■i\.  (I4ti9»i)  (?)  r»li«iinyia  recta. 

iW.  ('21,)  ( ; )  ScioLiiyza  «li»j»'eta. 

'i',\.  (15195)  (f)  Scioiuyza  iiiaiica. 

'24.  (I5H9)  (V)  Seioniyza  iiiuni'a. 

;».'■■.  (4149)  ( '|- )  Si'iniiiyza  (linjecla. 

•■H'.  1?)  Cliilii.siii  »  Hp. 

'i7.  (411-2)  (V)  ChiloHiii  aiiipla. 

iW.  (15194)  (\')  .Scioiuyza  iiianea. 

•J9.  (f )  .ScioMiyza  iiianca. 

:t().  (l,V.';t7)  ( V)  Scioiuyza  ilisjecta, 

31.  (<j)  I.illii)|iliy.sa  tiiiiiiillu. 

3'2.  (15197)  (|)  Scioiuyza  iliNJBcta. 

33.  (4131)  (J,- )  .Scioiuyza  iliHJecta. 


iiil 


m 


:,!■  'lAl-': 


U  S  GF.OI.nnirAl.  isUHVF.V  of  thk  tfhhitohiks 


Pi.    m 


4IIP" 
3     ■*'.< 


CiUKKN      HiVKH     BkHS.        \Vvc)MIN<  •      TkHI-! 

I  >i r  r t  It  A 


!i 


I       1 


PLATE   X 


KXIM-ANATION     OK     IM.ATK     X. 


All  tlii>  tlruwiiiKH  woni  iiiikIo  by  J.  Ilciiry  HIiitiK, 


l'\ 


Kij;.    J.  ('.(I')  (!)  TipiilaiM'imU'lirl. 

'J.  (Ill')  (f)  Kyiiioala  HtritiiKiiliitii. 
:t.  (:)7L)  d)  Iliilftiiiit  iiiiilinitlni. 
4.  (?)  Tl|iiilit  Hpolliita. 
r>.  (HI',  roverHtiil)  (J)  Scioiiiyzii  f  nji. 
<!.  (m\,)  i'i')8L'lii|iliila  liyiittii. 

7.  (','')  Hiili'tliiu  |iiilii(livii;;ii. 

8.  ( lOP)  ( ',")  C'liiniiiciiiitiH  Hi'|itiH. 
'J.  (ll8I,)(;)Syi|ilii<lirf  M|i. 

10.  (irilH-JX',')  l)iaili>ri<li;i  tiTrifdIii. 
U.  (I'lt^-'X?)  Iiiiidiiciiliii  tcrrii'olii. 
I-.'.  (U;U)  (V)  Myc.'t<)|iliiliilii'  Hji. 
i:<,  (I4r)(',")  Aiiah'lht  liicitii. 
M.  (',")  Ciili'x  iluiiiiiittdniiii. 
ir>.  (Mi)  1  ;  )  Sti'iiorinrlis!  H|i. 
It!.  C.'l'i  (',")  Si'iuru  Hioimli. 


Viii.  17.  (SI')  (^)  PIfcitt  <lcjcclu. 

18.  (l:in|')  (V)  llrucoiiiilii' H|i. 

19.  (IWIM  (',■)  KliyHsuJiivfiiiH. 

'iO.  (l.'>178)  (■,")  Dci'BtoiMik  iiiitii|iiuf 
'il.  (l:ilH)(',")  I.itlKiliiniscri-NiHiiii. 
'■ti.  (I.'il77)  ( ',')  Myrniicii  M|i. 
a:t.  ( ll(i!l'.>)  ( ,')  l.iiHiiis  Inri'iiH. 
-.'I.  CUil.)  {",)  Ki'lytiiH  liitatiiN. 
■•,'.">.  (7<il<)  (O  (ilyplii  IraiiMvcrHalin. 
'M.  (3'JIi)  (i) 'raxiMiiiH  iicirliiiii. 
'.T.   (.V.'Ii)  (f )  Taxiiiiiiit  iiiirloiil. 
•i^.  (  l:l:ir)  (V)  IlraciMiiilii'  Hp. 
'.".I.  I  ll'.iii)  (V)  Iliaroii  laiiiiiiaruiii. 
:tii.  (i;wr)('')  Uiiiliii'iN  Nollili'Hi'oim. 
III.  (407ti;  (")  Dfoatoiiiit  uiilii|iia. 


m  i 


1 


C>iu>:kn    Hi\-i;i<    IIkus      W^'ominc.     Terr 

I  )|  1 '  '■  I  :ii  A     1 1  ^  Ml .  N  (  1 1  "ii  ■.  1  i  A 


; 

1 

i 

i'    1 

r  i 

^ 

1 

1 

KXP1.ANATJON    OK    I»I,  ATK     XI. 


All  tliP  (IrnwiuRH  weri«  iiin<I«  liy  J.  Henry  Hluke. 


Kig.  1.  (»i..t)  (f).EpeiraHi.. 

2.  I  '!i;<i4)  ( ? )  Epoirii  inei'kii  9  . 

v..  (1:Ki21)  (?)  Tlieridiniii  oiiirtamMiiii  9. 

4.  (iJSU)  (?)  CliiViioiiji  iircuna,^  . 

5.  '8269)  (|)  AnypliiiMiii  iiiti-ritii  9  . 
C.  (i:f.2:n  (?)  Ep-irn  <liliiii(  ,?f). 
7.  {'M'.i)  (■?)  Ei>eiraiili8i'iiii(lili»(?. 
H,  (82().'>)  (f)  Ti'thiii'HHH".v"''<?- 
!).  (SM)7T)  (\)  Tlimnimw  (li»jiiiictiiK. 

10.  (*»)  ( ? )  Tftliiioiw  Riiyoti  9  • 

1 1.  (rrfKM))  ( f )  Tetragiiatlin  tcrtiaria  J  . 

12.  (llti'il)  (i)  Nt-pli  la  pen<iatipe»9. 

1:1.  (:>im)  (f)  T^l>miml»  rosiitiis.     Tim   liliiii- 

fthonlil    l>o  sii'iiilcrcl-   at    tlie  Ihimi". 
14.  (HOMC*  (;■ )  IVtliiiiMiH  ht'iitzlicf. 
Ut.  (HT77)  (  (  I  Kpi'iia  ciiicrtoiil  cf  . 
1,>.  (Sr)7<i)  ( )  \  Epcira  cincfavta  i  . 
17.  (Wll)  (i)  Ei)eira  mnekil  ^ . 
688 


I  t"'«- 


18.  (fi-lihi)  (?)  C'lnbiona  latcbrosaj  . 
I'.l.  (.'117)  (1)  Epeira  eniertoiii  $ . 

20.  (902(i)  ( ? )  Tlieridiiiiii  BefliiRuni  <f  . 

21.  (i:V)92)  (f )  TetliiieiiH  provectii»9  • 

22.  (it'Mi )  ( ? )  Cliiliiona  evorsa  i  . 
2:t.  (4742)  ( I )  ThiimiMiiH  defosHiiH^  . 
24.  (I'.H*)  (1 )  Clnbiciiia  oHtnitafa  J  . 

«'."i.  (140:t2)  (?)  Lliiypliia  rctoima,?  .      K'rxriM> 

i)f  Kig.  27,  lower  part. 
211.  (rt4;V.t)  (?;  ParattiiH  rcHiirrpctim  (  9  f). 
27.  (1297(>)(i)Eiuypliia  retf'iiHa^.    (See  I'ig. 

2.-..) 
2-*.  ;20r>)  (?)  HegCHtria  »ecP8Ha9- 
2i>.  (i;>r>2(l)  (?)  Tith-id'ca  iiigeniia9. 
•.!1).  (4'.tCl)(f )  Anaiit,  liilro(lm;«d  liy  acciduiit. 
HI.  (7177)  (?)  T«^tliii.Mi.soiidiiratiis9. 
112.  (112tt:i)  (?)  T'li.na'ca  ingeniia9  • 


! 


LI  s.  c,Eoi,Gr;u:Ai.,  ^urvpjy  oi-'  thk  ■ri'iHKrroRiKS 


f-j .,     'h^         \v/. 


\ 


£  .  y    ■■" 


\ 


i^ 


w 


\ 


\,^ 


i  ■ 


r/».--i,-v>       ..M'' 


^/^ 


/^ 


A'' 


/  ^7^ 


^     ■-.^,„, 


1  :.rl' ,-'^^  ' 


■••^, 


r. 


^'  ■• 


/ 


1  i  ;.'on  riili  I'u'i.i  1 


THK     FljOni  KWATiTT    Barin 

All  A'll.NIDA 


i 


m 


i/n 


/ 


k 


/ 


"tv, 


tK^ 
/>■: 


/f 


Jit 


/ 


PLATE   XII 


VOL  XIII 44 


EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE   XII. 


All  tbo  (IrawinKH  were  iii»<I»  by  J.  Huary  Ulnke. 


Fig.  1.  (390)  (?)  Cono  <>f  Sequoia,  scon  in  cfomm- 
section;  supposed  nlien  the  platu  was 
onKravcd  to  be  a  coiled  iiiyriapod. 

•J.  (i^lC)  (t)  Paroteruifs  liagcnii. 

:<.  (1247)  Cf)  ParotemiesfiHliuie. 

4.  (i:r>36)  (j)  Ephemera  iiincileuta,  larva. 

5.  (8824)  (f)  Kpbemera  tiiiniobilii*,  larva. 

6.  (tWIO)  r })  HodotermeH  t  r<)l<irud<-tisiH. 

7.  (10t)60)  (f)  Ephemera  puiiiicosa,  pupa. 

8.  (404:{)  (?)  Taphacris  reliiimitii. 
H.  [CkiSi)  (f)  Ephemera  exHiii'tM. 

10.  (VXfJIi)  (f)  Ephemera  m.ieilnita,  liirvii. 

11.  (34a)  (i,2)  Nocropsylla  rigida. 

eeo 


Fig.  12.  (I'JM)  (?)  Eutenncs  moadii. 

13.  (i)04l)  (?)  Purotermes  inaigiiiH. 

14.  (400)  (f )  Parotermes  insigniit. 

l.">.  (1.510)  (f)  Ephemera  puuilcuNii,  larva. 

16.  (233)  (I)  Ephemera  pumicowi,  larva. 

17.  (31)  (?)  Eutermes  meadii. 

IH.  (Ifi93)(f)   Lepixma  platy ra.     Simie  of 

the  abdominal  joints  are  ikhi  iiHJjeared. 

19.  (4(M3)  (I)  Taphacris  reliqnala. 

20.  (tiOlit)  (f )  Entermes  fossarmn. 

21.  (310)  C')  Necropsy llarigiila. 

22.  (11190)  (f )  Parottirmna  fodiiiie. 


I)  s  nF.oLonjnAi.,  gurvky  ok  thf,  terkitories. 

'I'KlVIMAf'Y   iN-Si'lCrS   OP  NOR' 111  AMERICA 


!  I,  i;^:, 


ninclaji    !.   r.oii   Litli    Phila>i 


TiiK    Florissant   Basin 

Ml  HI  Ai'DiiA  .    .Ni:i-iii>i'i'i;n.v 


n 


PLATE  XIII 


KXPUA.NATION    OF    PIRATE    XIII. 


Fig.   1.  (8347)(t)^sohna(ii:8obua)8n1ida. 

2.  (8995)  (f )  LiiDDopH.vcbe  diNpitraa. 

3.  (7788)  (f )  Neurunia  uvaneitcuiiH. 

4.  (H619)  (?)  Litliagrion  byaliiium. 

5.  (407)  (f )  PbryKanea  labefacta. 

6.  (8046)  (?)  Agrion  exsnlaris. 

7.  (VJSStS)  (t)  PolycentropuH  THviratiiM, 

8.  (6%4)  ({)  Agrion  inascencens. 


All  the  drawings  were  made  by  J.  Hf'iiry  Blake, 
Fig. 


9.  (6824)  (t)  Agrion  mascescenH. 
10.  (135*-.)  (I)  Agrion  t«llnri». 
U.  (1816)  (i)  i£gcbua  larvaln. 

12.  (6927)  (f )  Litbagriou  iimbratiim. 

13.  (-^514)  (f)  DerobroohUH  orati-ri». 

14.  (Hl&l)  (f)  Litbagrion  umbrtitnni. 

15.  (116(>3)(f)iEiichua(Ba8iu>8cbnaUeparat». 


'I 
f 

-) 


ij  s  (W'loi.Dcif^Ai,  :njiwi';Y  hk  thh;  tkkhitokiks. 

i'r-.HTIAKY    [tJMIv'T,".    d'  NflHTll  AmKUICA 


I'!,     13. 


.'f<r^- 


'ITT''' 


■ti,'rr>^;r;V-^Ti^ 


->>« 


#. 


/m:^ 


'.»■■- 


^^■ 


//■'/ 


•■■>: 


t'/:fA     I 


■T.«r ' 


I 


\\ 


v^-^ 


I 

I 


r 


v..^ 


4  ^  f 


l,fj*^' 


WI4- 


l-i 


a^it^rS*- 


JSl.    .^"Sit 


SiLvUiin    i   Tion  I.iU".    I'hi, 


Thf:   FiiOui  HJSAisrT  Basin 


Nki  mii'''i;ii 


i 


PLATE  XIV 


EXPLANATION   OF    I'hATK    XIV. 

All  tli«<  ilruwiD(;ii  wprp  iiia<lu  l>.v  J.  lie  ins  llliikr,  )'x<'<'|itliiK  Fi({N.  1:1  iiihI  It,  wliluli  worn  truviid  li.v  H,  II. 
HcikIiIi T  friiiii  Ji  iiiii'rii|i|iiitiiKru|ili,  tiikrii  l>y  Hiimiii'l  WkIIm,  Km). 


Kijr. 


Ij 


1.  (I.:ih:.)  CO  liiixi'lliu    mIi-ihiih.     Tim 
ri'|irt'HriiliiiK  II  III  III  I'liHtiil  vein  III' 

riKllt   wiuH  <lnr«  nut  rxinl. 
!j.  ('t:KI)('|)  Kliiipliiilla  nriiiii|iilllii^. 
:i.  (I:i.'i:l7)  (7)  Ohiii.vIiih  rri|iili'liiH. 
4,  (ti:i)  (?)  Iliilcnrpa  iiiiKMiliiKii, 
r>,  ()!:!)( I)  lliili'or|ia  iiiui'iilima. 
«I.  ((i70)(?)  Trilioiliiysn  Uriimlrt. 

7.  (rtr'.l-.')  Ci  )  Triliinlirymiliriiiatii. 

8.  (I  lliW)  {] )  0«iii.\|ii»  ici|iiifliif<, 
St.  (11*11)  ('/)  Triliiirlir.VHU  Vfliiwiilu. 

10.  lrt71»-.i)({)Tribiichiy«ullriiiulii;  liiiid  w 


vi'lti     FIk-  II.  (M71KJ)  Ci )  TrilioctiryHii  llriiiHlii ;  Torn  wIiik. 
'  lliu  ;  I-.'.  I'.KI?:!)  Ci)  liiiM'olliik  N«iiiiii)li'iiiii9. 

I  l:i,  (7:itli)    ())    I'lilii'oi'liryHit    Htrivtu;     front 

Will^;   tllO  llllHltl  lllllt'ol  tllX  llplHT  iMilillal 

M'iii  HJiiiiiJil  nut  lii>  Hiniiulil  liiit  /.JK/.u^ 
likt'  tliu  ii|ii(Ntl  liiill';  till'  liiiHiil  |iorli(iii 
iif  till'  iiiUTi'iiblliil  urua  iHttlMi  wri)ii)(l,v 
Kivi-n. 
14.  (7:ilO)(^')  riklii'ouliryNitHtricIa;  hind  wing; 
tilt'  I'ltiHH  voiuH  of  tlitt  viMtuI  •»<»  ttfu  nut 

HllDWn. 

JiiK.  IT),  ('.)r>ti)  (V)  Iiiiictdlia  tiiiniilutu,^. 


I 


II  .'.;  ('.i':iji,n(;iCAi,  :;uf<vI'',v  ()!•'  'ciik, 

I'f.rtiaby  ln.si';'"i\n  ti^.  t.j(in.[.,|  Amki\i>:a 


i'l'l-ITORIRS 


I  ;        I 


if    m 


-r""'  r     --, ' 


'<r. 


■''L-^' 


^^jAUA-I 


TiiK    FiiOni  syAX'i'   13asin 

Nil  u<)rii;n  A    (  ri.AMiM:NNi.\  ) 


m 


It 


f 

'i 

il     ! 

I 

I 


I 


I 


i^ii, 


,  I 


KXIM  ,VNATION    OK    PLATE    XV. 

All  the  (lva«iii){»  wpro  iiiiuU-  liy  .1.  lli'iir-.    liliiko. 


Fit?.   1- 
:<. 

4. 

5. 
0. 
7. 
8. 
"J. 
10. 


(80f).">)  (^)  LoptolircM'lniN  IiiIcuh. 
(941l>)  1^)  Porobrodiiis  imirciJiis. 
(8A'i7)  (t)  L<'pt4)l)r<>oliiin  liiteiiH. 
(l.'.MT)  Ci)  DiToliiocliiis  criitiTii'. 
(1441)  (t)  Liiiiiii>iiliiliis  so|iipriitii.><. 
(541!:!)  Ci)  DcnibroihiiH  I'liutKcciiH. 
(tl'20.'>)  (})  n.v<lri>in.volioiiiiii(<'im. 
(319)  (V)  Diiiiileunin  iilMlnctniii. 
(lllir)  f9)Tiiioilrs  i.iilii(\i({>-iii«- 
(14'ilO)  (ij)  Litolirocbiiw  I'xtiTiiatiiH. 

&J6 


Kiji.ll.   (li'^^4'     I  )  MrRoliniclius  lutliii'ilB. 

Vi.  (<MV.V<t     M    I'secadiii  inorliiella.      Ki'vnrso 

olFi-.  17. 
i:t.  (44vi:i)  .  1 )  McHolirnclnis  iiiibccillns. 
14.  (H4'i'i)  (t)  PiiliKlii'flla  fniptionin. 
1').  (11754)  (V)  Si'todt'H  iKirlimmliH. 
Iti.  i'ifin)    ^)  DtTiibnicliUH  t'riKi'sct'i'it- 
17.  (8460)    »)  PHfcailiaiiiortiiellu.     Rever.seof 


r^    B 


J   S.  GE0I,(3GiCA]_,   ^jURVFY   OF  THE  TKRHlTDRiE, 


'I'f.rviap.v  Imcect;'.  OF  Ndrth  Ami- 


BICA 


f  I   ].■ 


'I'llI':     l"l.iil!l  S.^ANT     BAt-ilN 

Nit    KOI  *   t    i;H  \        I'l  I  II  'I  »  I  AM  I  »  Kl'.    I 


11  ■ 


If 

it 

;  I 

I 


III 


!l 


PLATE  XVI 


! 


il 


1 

i  ^ 
I  I 


111 


EXPLANATION    OF    PI^TE    XVT. 

All  the  drawings  were  tiiuile  l>,v  .1.  ilunry  HlAkc,  <<xvoptin)(  Fig.  18,  which  is  by  8.  H.  Scndder. 


■:~iJbSsaL, 


Fig.  1.  (1.60:))  (':)  Liibidnroiniiiu  boriiiniiNi^, 
'i.  (;ii)5)  (f )  Labiiliironinia  inortolo  J  . 

3.  (3tl%2)(f)Labidiirnmninaviii9. 

4.  (1.381)  (f)Qiiediii8breweri. 

r>.  (13544)  (i)  Labidiiroroma  avia,f . 

C.  (370ri)  (f )  Labidiironiiiia  niorlale,^ . 

7.  (2Ci04]  ())  Labidiironinia  inrpniiiiii,; . 

e.  (10627)  (t)  Qiu-diiis  cbaniberlini. 

9.  (5004)  (?)  Labidiironinia  lalH-nH  (young), 
10.  (U'208)  (f )  Labiduroninia  coniniixiuni  9 ■ 
It.  (11309)  (?)  Labiduroninia  avia 9. 
\'i.  (13,%46)  (f)  Labiduroninia    exsulatiini9. 
(Copied  by  Zittel,  Handb,  d,  palieont., 
Fig,  959.) 


Fig.  13.  (14471)  (^)  Labiduroninia  labt'UHif. 

14.  (47IM))  ({)  Labiduroninia  gilbvrti,;  . 

15.  (ri:t34)  (f )  Labiduroninia  tortiarinin  9 . 
IG.  (7118)  (?)  Labiduroninia  lalit-nH^. 

17.  (1832)  ({)  Labiduroninia  coniniixtnni9. 

18.  (14688)  (j)  Labiduroninia  tcrtiarinni^. 

19.  (31t>)  (f)  Labiduroninia  lithopbilnm  9. 
■20.  (i;i001)  ({)  Labidnroninianiortale9. 

21.  (i'Mi))  (1)  Labiduronima  tprtiariuni^, 

22.  (11740)  if)  Labiduroninia  avia,^. 

23.  (H022)  Ci)  Labiduroninia  avia 9. 

24.  (5278)  (t)  Labiduroninia  ap. 


u  s  c;F'U)l,o[.;i[;al,  .sukvf'.y  oi'  thf,  tkhhitobies 

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I      : 


PLATE  XYII 


i    1 


KXIM.ANATION    OK    1»I,ATK    XVI 


All  the  drttwiiiKH  were  iimile  by  J.  Heury  Bluke,  excepting  Vig.  8,  wliioh  in  by  8.  H.  8cinlclor. 


Pig.    I.  (»,«)  TyrbiiU  riiiMelli.    One  iif  the  JointM 
of  the  Bnteuuitl  clnl., 
'^-  (?)TyrbularnM.>H)lli.    Anteniiie. 
•<•  (})  Tyibiila  rnaselji.     (Copieil   by  Zittel, 
Handb.  I.  imlu'oiit.,  Fig,  !N'>r>.) 

4.  (?)  Tyrbiila  rnNHclli.    Tibiul  Hiiineo. 

5.  (7*0)  (})  (K.lipwla  prufociitii. 

fi.  ((ilKi)  (j)  Goniplioci>rn8  abHiriiHiiB. 
7.  (1724)  (f)  Cyiiiutomeni  iiiacnlHta. 
H.  (HM)  (4)  Homcnoguniiu  ventriosa. 
9.  (7544)(f)LoouHtaiiileii8.   Apurtionofthe 

leg,  ibowing  apineH. 
10.  (7544)  (f )  Locuvtu  «Uen«. 
700 


Kig.  11.  (.'idl?)  (j)  Agi»thenieraretliiM«. 
li.  (.MiW)  {])  Zetobora  bninneri. 
i;l.  (UTiW)  (?)  Tyrbiila  niiiltiHpinoHa. 
14.  (ll.'i.''>7)    0)    l,lthymnet»>H     guttatiiH    9. 

(Copied  liy  ZItti'I  '      ,  Kig.  !M>!>.) 
l.'i.  (IKi.")'/)    (})    l.itliji,        ,-H     gnttiitnH    9. 

.Showing  the  vnllni.ii  Npottiiig. 
Iti.  (l;l  .''>0)  (I)  Oriihi-limiiui  placidiim9. 

17.  HM'i)  (f  Hiryllafris  oineriii. 

18.  (135-''>l)({)Orcheliiuuiuplaeiduinif .    Kore 

leg. 
It).  (i:i&51)  (0  Orcheliniuui  plaoidiiiu,^ . 


TlIK     Fl.OUT  SS  AKT     J  '  ASIN 
(  )n  I  Hi  J 1  'r  1. 1  (A 


!! 


PLATE  XVIII. 


^p 


i  ! 


!  Ill 


I        » 


EXPLANATION     «»K    IM.ATK     XVIII. 


All  tlio  (IrikwiiigH  ur«  by  .1.  Ufiiry  lUake. 


Kijf.  1.  (!t<!<!l)(")  Arcliilachiiiis  pciimitiiH.  K'opiiMl 
by  Kiu'kton,  Moiioj;r.  Hrit.  Apliiib-s,  I'l. 
VXi,  Fi^.  :t. 
'i.  (:!iri)  (','•)  Schizoiiciiriiiili-s  s  r  ii  il  il  <•  r  i. 
(ro|(i.'il  l.y  liiickti.n,  1.  .-.,  I'l.  l:i:l.  Tij;.  fi. 
Ci)|iii'il  by  j^ilttil,  il;iiiilli.  •!.  palicdiil,, 
Fij;.  '.»?W. ) 

3.  (10-20.'))  (f )  Hiplioiioplniroidrs  iiiitii|iKi. 

4.  (ti7(i)('")  Tuplirapbis  siiiiidix.    (Ccipird  by 

Biic'ktou.l.c.lM.  l:t;i.  Ki(,'.-.'.> 
ri.  (144.')0)  ['!)  Si]iIioiii>pli(>r»iib'N  aiillc|iiii. 
r>.   (:114)  ('i'^)  .Sjrlllli>brncllllH  ri\  i  v  iwi'lls. 

7.  (!'<.')(>'.{)  ("I  .Sipliiiii(ipli<iri>icli'N  aijtii|iiit. 

8.  (ThMl)  (f )  ApliiilopHix  iimrKuruiii. 

702 


Fis;.  1),  (4»v!7)  (f)  AnconRtiigdiirHiiONii8.  fCopied 
by  Itiicktoii,  1.  c,  I'l.  l;t:i,  Fig.  4.) 

111.  (.s.»x<»)  {')  .Sipliiiiiopliornitlcs  aiiti()iiii. 
(('i)pii'(lby  iiiu'kloii,  l.c.,1'1.  i:i:i.  Fi«.  1.) 

P.  (III44M  ?)  ApliiilopNU  Hp.  ( inniititiii'.". 

\'i.  (IL'iTT)  (f )  Sbeiiiiitiis  iiiicMiii'li. 

l:i.  (:itil)  i;)  Ainalaiicon  '  M<miih. 

14.  (447.")i  (J)  Ur.\cliii)lii»  ri'ioiiililii. 

I'l.  (t!",t!';i)  (J)  ArcliililcliiiiiM  piMiimtiiH. 

Ki.  (4til.'>)  (1)  Arcliilac'liiiiiN  )it'iinutiiN. 

IT.  (  ITT )  ( ','M  Anliilaclimis  priiiiatiiM. 

I-.  (X(K">>(  I )  riiTdstiKiimnriirvuiii.  (Coplcil 
by  llncktoii,  I.  r.,  PI.  I;i:i,  FIj;.  «. ) 

lit.  (fJOtf'i)  (?)  Tfjilirapliis  walabii. 


is   I 


:     i  ii! 


'IlllC     I'^IiOltlSSAKT    B.VSIN 

I  Ic.MII'  IIJI.\      I  IIOMDPI    I  .11  A         AlMllDAI',  .> 


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1 

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j 

PLATE  XIX. 

; 

r; 
I 

> 

1 

• 

i 

Ill  .li ! 


KXIM-ANATION    OF   I'LATK    XIX. 

All  the  drnwiiiKs  wpro  niaiio  l),v  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Fis.    1.  (tSO<i'J)(^»)  Fnlgo:;' ol.ticeHCiMis. 

'J.  {•ifi'i)('^!')  CiTeojiiH  Mi;'ii('iita.     A  portion 

BliowiiigthoHiirfiircHtnictiirc. 
11.  (202)  (i)  CcrcopiH  Hiifl'oralii. 
■I.  (U'^-SO  (  I )  (iyiionu  ciinicin. 
r..  ('iChit^)  Ci)  AKiillin  iiliMlriHt.i. 
(>.  (1047H)  Cf)  PociimiN  ]is,vll<.Mi's. 

7.  (HOT)  (?)  At,'iilli;i  IfWJNii. 

8.  (120HS)  (7)  Njc((>|ili.vlii.\  vij;il. 

il.  ("tVJ")  (V)  Ti'tlifioiiiii  |irisiiitiiicln. 

10.  (4;!T!t)  Ci)  Aplitc.plHirii  np. 

11.  (11771)  (?  I  Ny.lopli.vliix  nlilrri. 

12.  (l.(H!t)  (^)  Klorm.si»iitiil  cli'^iiiiH. 
i;t.  (127Pr>)  (\')  Eliiliptera  ri'Kiil»riH. 
14.  (1.705)  (f )  CixiiiHt  proiiviis. 

704 


Fi);.  ir>.  (Il;i07)  (H  AcorpphiiIn8  c.iHoshh. 

1(>.  (5188)  (',')  Ja88opHiHevi(Uui8. 

17.  (<>21H.t)  (';)  Honiniiis  iisylloidfH. 

IH.  (lOl.^S)  (V)  Ajjallia  lliiccida. 

I'.t.  (1(M'p72)  (V)Tlii.sK]>cciiiiPii  waHa(  rill'  ntall.v 
ovor'iookrd  in  woikiii^ up  tlx'  fauna.  It 
i*  I'vidi'iidy  the  anlrrior  halt'  of  onn  nf 
the  ('<'r(iipidn  and  app.iriMitly  a  hprcicn 
of  Loi  rite.'*,  hut  dot-H  not  aurcc  with  the 
othnr  HprcicH  known. 

20.  (:HI2)  (',■)  Thainnoti'ltix  I'nndi. 

21.  (l.i-O.'.)  (',')  AKallialowiMii. 

22.  (tMjTi.'i  )(',•)  Clastoptrra  coniHtocki. 

23.  (4552)  (V)Thliboiiieuu«  parvus. 


i    M 

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i'f.RTiAi-.Y  iHKiou'i;;^  PI'  NoKTH  America 


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1  li.  Mir  I  i:i(A.  1 1  li )  \M  11'  n  HA  * 


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'-'  ^  I  ■ 


■I       ! 


PLATE   XX 


VOL  xiii —  45 


I 


f  ' 


:V''i'f| 


•' 


II 


KX1'I,ANATH»N     <»F    I'l.ATK     XX. 


All  till'  iliawiii^H  WITH  iimilo  by  ,1.  H«iiry  Klako. 


FiK. 


(t)050)  (f  )Pnlocpliiirii  pr.iviilriis, 

(.■iliri-*)  (( 1  I'rtliiiilinidi'H  iiri';;Mliiiis. 

(ll).>t)  ( t  1  I'lllcrpliorii  ('(iiniiniiilN. 

('.C.MHM  (' )  A|ii)ii'iiiii  |iru'stri(tiiin. 

(li'J)  (I  )  IVlnilystra  jji^janlcii  ?. 

(411;  (I)   l'ulr(il.v>lriv  ({IK''"'""'     (t'"|'i'''l 

by  Zilti'l,  llaiiilb.  il.  i.alirdiil.,  Ki^.  '-W. ) 
(4Vi)  (  I )  IVtrolysti-.i  niKi'"'"*'i- 
(ll.->V.l)  (t)  I''''r'il,vstra  lini..'.. 
(ll>2.!*)  (f)  A  xiiiall  lly.  round  iii>  tlir  same 

-itolli'  with    till'  llrxl.  |M1  liap-l  liilii|l;;il|^ 

t()  llu'  Tucliyilriiiniilii'.  hiii  «  Iiiim«-  pri'cisu 
nniiiiliuH  it  in  perliup'i  iiiipimtilili'  tn 
trucu. 


Kin.  10.  Ul'<Kn)  (f)  Piilecphnra  iiinciilata. 

II.  (ti-lH4)  I )  I  l'iili'('pli..ru  iiiiiiviiu'i. 

\-i.  (I)|rt4)  (J)  Piili'iplmra  iiiuiviiiui. 

l:i.  (iWSi)  (f)  I'ali'cpliiira  inarviiiri. 

14.  (11*71)  (',')  I'ri plinra  lialtcalii. 

I.'i.  (tilH))  (V)  Palocpliiira  iiiiirimta. 

Hi.  (')•<■,')  if)  I'aliiphrodi's  ciiiita. 

17.  (ii'ilM)  if)  Pali'cpliiii'i  iimciiliita. 

I-'.  (1:1)  ( 'i )  Palapliroiles  irri  Knlaiis. 

I'.>.  (tH;;!l))  (  V).IasNiis  f  latt'liia-. 
'M,  (l:iri7(l)  (f)  Piili'cpliora  I'ciiiiiniiniM. 
lil.  (l.M»)  ^';')  Pali'cpJKiru  I'oininiiiiis. 
•■ti.  (1  l'.il)(',)  LIthecphora  spllgiTtt. 


if 


.H 


u  y  (;i:ni,ri(;ii7vi,  r.ijKvi'.Y  i)i  riiti,  li'iHH.iTOHiE^B, 

rr-!<Ti-\i-:v  ltif;i'.(.:r;'  t.KNM.'iii.\Mi;i',h'A 


Tiifo    l''i..>ni  ssAX'i-   Basin 

1  li  ;mii   ri;nA     '  1 1<  i  \i.  >  I'll  .ha  ) 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3} 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


:1>' 


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.V 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY.  MS80 

(716)  877-4503 


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EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXI. 


All  the  drawings  wore  made  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Fig.  1.  (78)  (f)  Agallia  inHtaliilJN. 

2.  (P081)  (f)  Palec|iliorii  pni-ralens. 
X  (ViTiCt)  (',')  Litbecpbora  iniiratu. 
4.  (12447)  (V)  Litbecpliora  iiiiicdior. 
.'■>.  (1.T):17)  (V)  Lithec|iliora  iinicolor. 
(!.  (38(>4)  (f )  Paltipbrodcs  irregiilariN. 
7.  (Siijr.)  (f)  PaliipbrodoH  irreKiilariH. 
a  (912)  (?)  LIthecphora  iniirata. 
9.  (:{801)  (f )  Palecphora  luarvinei. 
- 10.  (8(|i{i;)  (f)  PalapbrodoH  obliqua. 
706 


Fig.  11.  (14178)  (f)Litheophoraunicolor. 
12.  (9158)  (f )  Palecphurn  niarviiiei. 
tX  (:S0)  ({)  Litbecpbora  diaphana. 
U.  (11103)  Ci)  Litbecpbora  iiiiiculor. 
l.'>.  (208)  (f)  Palaphrodes  cincta. 
ir>.  (12ti)  (f )  Oictyophara  boiivei. 

17.  (8:u:i)  (f)  I.ocrit<'8wbitfi. 

18.  (4287)  (f )  Palaphrodes  obscura. 

19.  (9374)  (?)  Locrites  copel. 


I)  Iv  C.|'/v)LO(;)CAl.,  i:;ur<Vl';Y   Gi''  Ttil';  TFli.RITORIES 


Till.      I'l.oH  1  S  SAN'f     H  Art  IN 


11    Mir  I  lit 


A     (  I Ic  I  Sli  1  I"   I   1    It  ' 


1  > 


II 


!!   i! 


*^. 


I  ; 


EXPIiANATION    OK    PLATE    XXII. 

All  tlin  ilrawiiigH  wore  luwlu  by  J,  Henry  lilako. 


Fig.    1.  (44H(l)  (?)  Achro§toc<iri8  cincrnriiw. 
'i.  (I'if)  (f )  <:;B|mns  liU'iiH. 
:).  ((>:i*l)  (V)  IMilliiiiiK'oriN  cnlligatiiN. 

4.  (l'i7H4)  (f )  TiroscliistiiM  indiiresceuH. 

5.  (4ri<i:f)  Ci)  KiiHcns  fii-catiiH. 

6.  («t4)  (?)  DiHcoNtomii  t  sp. 

7.  (l.HVH)  Ci)  NyHiiiH  vvcula. 

8.  (U'.Ml)  (f )  Stt'iiiivfliii  nisra. 

'.).  (7t')0it)  (If)  TraitezonoliiH  oxtcriiiiiiatUH. 
710 


Fig.  10.  (I.HaiX^)  LygnMisstabilitns. 
11.  (I(l7".ilt)  (V)  NoUiuectii  vmeraoui. 
li.  (IIK)7)  (H  ProHigara  tialielliiin. 
i:<.  ( yxtSi)  Ci)  Paliuuvt>liii  xpiiioga. 
14.  (:i'i*t8)  Ct)  Stonovelia  nigra. 
l.'>   (127H2)(V)MetTobate8uit«rnall8.    The  fig- 
ure in  iipHide  tlown. 
l(i.  (23:<H)  (?)  C'orixa  immersa. 
17.  (7'2C!»)  (?)  Cnrixa  vamliizoei, 


S   1 


kllB.    The  tijj- 


n  S.  GEOLOGICAI,  SURVHY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 
Teutiaky  iNaEGTS  OF  NoH'i'H  Amkrica 


Pi,  22. 


J 


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Xv.  V 


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The   Florissant  Basin. 

IlK.MM-rr.ii.v  (llicrKmii'TKHA     Mkiu'vi  id.vk.I.vhakiiiak j 


!  '     I 


ITT' 


I! 
il 
'■I' 


1 1 


EXPLANATION   OP    PLATE    XXIIt. 

All  the  tlrnwiiiKH  were  iiiittle  li.v  ■).  Henry  Hlake. 


>: 


ig.  1.  (5696) 
li.  {Vim-> 
:t.  (^:«^^) 

4.  (.VTH) 

5.  (IMiTii) 
(7(iI7) 
(T47:i) 

(;ni:t7) 
10.  r.>:wi) 

U.  ('J<;74) 

i:».  (4r.«0) 

14.  (fi:«ir.) 

15.  (It884) 

iti.  (.^7:«)) 

71ti 


e. 

7. 

H. 


(f)  EotingiHHiiteniinlu. 
')  (1)  Liniiirit  rnn'tTiita. 
d)  Kotiiiftin  iintcniiata, 
(P  Linnii'a  imliiikiiii. 

( I )  Monuiitliiik  vi'liTiiii. 
{")  I'ieHiiiaf  riitiiiMlu. 
(T)  Slcnnpainttra  Niil)t«rriia. 
(")  PrnuroiiliiiiK  roMtaliii. 

(II)  Monanlliin  vciorna. 
(!)  LiiiiiiuuliDliiuwii. 
(?)  TrapezoiMiliiH  externiiiiaturi. 
)  (7)  ProcriipliiiiH  i-oiiiiiiiiiiii*. 
(n  CnpRim  obHolerartiM. 
(f )  N'yuiuH  Ntratim. 
(f)  Kliyparncliniiiiiiit  verrlMii. 
(f)  .'^teiiopanipru  tenebroMa. 


Fig.  17.  (.^Hll)  ( 

IH.  (I11H4) 

lit.  (4!I:M)  ( 

ao.  (m(i5) 

!il.  (7!fii;i)( 

*J.  (11757) 

2:1.  (iWttl)  ( 

'.'4.  (ii:n)i) 

4'..  ((kViO)  ( 

SMi.  (ti4.sH)  ( 

•i7.  (111(14) 

!iH.  (ll-AW) 

«».  ( l-Mf.))  ( 

:«).  (uaio) 

:U.  (70«4)  ( 


7)  (lecHMirlR  inrernnriini. 

(f)  I'rocro|iliiiiN  ('(iinniiiniii. 

1')  Liniiica  Kraviilu. 

(t)  NyHiiis  tritiiM. 

O  Liiiiiji-a  ovolnta. 

( ? )  Traiiezoiiotim  exterminatui. 

n  riiivrnphiiiH  laiignenH. 

(')  SU*iiopaiiii-rit  teiifbroBa. 

")  TraiiezoiiotiiN  oxtcrininatiis. 

n  OeocnriH  inremoriiiii. 

( Il )  N.VHiiis  atratiiH. 

(^  PnMTophins  cominiiiiiH. 

{)  PrncropliiiiHitoiiiniuniR. 

(f )  Kliyparocbrumiis  veriillli. 

f )  NvBiiiR  terric. 


u  s  (;[';ui,();;i('Ai 


lUKVl'lY  ()!•    Till',  Tl'iHHlTOHIl 


iO 


'I'lIK     I'l.oH  I  WSANI'     Ua.SIN 


1  li  ..vrir  r  Kit  A     II 


I    II  I  !iii'  ii-.H  \    i  .^  ii.\i-;  IDA  I-: 


!i      ! 


PLATE  XXVI. 


\ 
I 

I 


i 


IT 


, 


l>   '11 


■k  I 


1 


EXPLANATIOX   «)F    PI.ATK    XXVI. 

All  th«  drawiiigB  wore  iiia<Ie  by  J.  Honry  Blakp. 


Fig.   1.  (8604)  (i)  Ortliriocorisn  loiinippH. 

2.  (4G44)  (V)  LitbocliroiiiiiH  iiiortimriiiB. 

H.  (TrtTifi)  (f )  CydanuiH  rnliiiHtiiH. 

4.  (14207')  (I;  Coriiini  ubditiviid. 

.'■>.  (12469)  (V)  Eotbos  ol<>){»n». 

6.  (13660)  (',')  Lithochroinim  oxtranoiiH. 

7.  (70:f7)  (?)  rbnitiopaiiieracbittendeni. 

8.  (10:J91)  (?)  Proteiior  inilwcilliH. 

9.  (11233)  (?)  r-lir»do|>anierachittemleni. 
718 


i  Fig.  10.  (98;J7)  (?)  Lithoohroniug  ganlnori. 

11.  (24:n)(?)  Rbi>p()coriH  pnuvuleiiH. 

12.  (142:Wi)  (?)  Catopaiiiora  briMlleyi. 

13.  (r'467)  (?)  Rht'pncoriH  vro|iiiiq(iaiiH. 

14.  (.ViitS)  (?)  ricz<>corinf  peroiiiptUH. 
1,-..  (26%)  (?)  Tttgalodi-H  iuoniiis. 

16.  (1>2.'>:<)  (?)  Etiruvori8  iiiferualis. 

17.  (6;t70)  (?)  Phthinocoris  Ipthargiciis. 


M 
I 


m 

I         : 

1    : 

■*. "  J 

■ 

U  S.  GEOLOGICAL,  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 
Tehtiahy  Insects  of  North  Amkriua 


'I"hf.    Florissant   Dasin 

I  Ii;mii"|'i:ii.\     II  khiuih'Ihha    I.MtAiiinAi': 


I    1 


PLATE  XXV. 


i  I 


Fig.  1.  (318ft)  (f)Rbepoctiri8  propiiiqiiMiiH. 
ti.  (lu:tHl)  (f)  NyxiiiHgtratiiH. 
:{.  (I21(U)  (^')  CaoulyiluHcxHtir|>atUH. 

4.  (liJOdl)  (f )  RuepocoriH  |>ru<vnleD8. 

5.  (3a47)  (?)Cori7.U8ab(litivui». 

(i.  (318a)  Cf)  Kbo|mcorii)  pra!Valt-nH. 
7.  (17(il)  (V)  Khepocoris  pnnvalvim. 
H.  (11140)  (f)Nysiu8  8tratu8. 
71G 


EXPI^ANATION   OK  l»l<ATE    XXV. 

All  the  drawings  were  iiiadu  by  J.  Hcury  Blake. 
Fig 


i>.  (5669)  (?)  Khei)ocori8  prutvalenH. 

10.  (13087)  (\')  Rhepocoris  prajvaleiis. 

11.  (91128)  (f)  Kbupocoris  pnevaleiiH. 
Vi.  (l.r>08)  (BCacalydus  lapsus. 

13.  (1SOT8)(?)  t'arodarmistiis  collisiiB. 

14.  (1.803)  (?)  Rhepocoris  prntvaleiis. 
l.'i.  (10956)  ({)  Piezocoris  peritiis. 
16.  (9)  (f )  Rhcitocoris  jiriuvalens. 


il 


U  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 

Tkrtiary  Inskctp  of  NnR'i'ii  Amkrica 


F'L  25 


'I'hk   Florissant  Bahin 

IIr;Mii"iKU.\  .  (lli-.-iKiiopiKnA  -   ('«>hkii>aI': 


m.  I 


■J  1 


I  ? 

I I 


PLATE  XXYI. 


4 


I 


!       n 


i 


EXPLANATION   OF    I'l-ATK    XXVI. 

All  tint  drawiii);H  wvro  luwle  by  J,  Hoiiry  Blake. 


Fig.   1.  (8004)  (?)0.rthriocori»n  loii|{ipe8. 

'i.  (4644)  (V)  Litbocbroiiiim  iiiortiiariiis. 

3.  (Tf*.'*)  (?)  Cydnn-iiM  robiistuit. 

4.  (14207',  (f)  CorifiiH  iib«litivii8. 
r>.  (124f)9)  Ci)  KotbimelfKiini*. 

6.  (I3(U>0)  (V)  LithiichroiiiiiH  ox  riiiiens. 

7.  (70:0  (^)  Phriul<>|iaiiioracbitteu(leiii. 

8.  (1(1. :tl)  (1)  rrotonor  inibucilliH. 

9.  (lliXi)  (f)  rbrtidopanieracbittmulHDi. 
718 


Fi^.  10.  (!>8:t7)  (f)  LithoohroniUH  Kardnvri. 

It.  (24:il)  (V)  Kli<*i>ucoriH  pruivaleim. 

r.>.  (1423(i)  (f)  Catupainnra  bradleyi. 

l:l,  (r'4ti7)  (V)  RbppocoriH  prnpiiii|iiaiiii. 

14.  (5C;J3)(?)  riu/.ocurix  f  p<>rrniptiiH. 

1.'),  (2<i'.M'i)  d)  TugaliMk-N  iiioriiiiH. 

1(1.  {WK\)  d)  Ktirocoriit  iiiforualis. 

17.  (r>:t70)  Ci)  Phthiiiocoriii  IctbargiouB. 


U  S  Or^OLOGICAL  ^JURVF.Y  OF  THH  TERRITORIES 
l>;u'i'iA!.Y  iNvSiiicrri  of  Norvni  Amkhica 


T  Sii.;'.;j;    ..    ?'-.li   I.iVh    i"..lli>?.:i 


The   Florissant  Basix. 

IIi;mii-ii:i»a     I  Ii:  i  i-  hi>I'ii:iia      ('i)HI:ii>ae  ! 


KXPLilJiATION    OF   PLATK    XXVII. 

All  the  drawing*  were  matle  by  J.  Henry  HIkkn. 


Fig.    1.  (a67)(f)  Rhipiphnrn9K»lkiei. 

9.  (6650)(f)  KxitelunrxwuKiiia. 

3.  (570:i)(f)  Hocria  Inpidosa. 

4.  (1.1664)  (f)  ProcnriH  brcbleri. 

5.  (1.831)(j)  Heeri»giil<MM». 

H.  (l-^iSO)  (f )  I'htb'nncoriii  lunKiiidiiN, 

7.  (9fi90)  (f)CBt<)imiiieri»»iigbeyi. 

8.  (2577)  (?)  LitbocbroiniiH  gurilneri. 

9.  ((I9:il)  (?)  PbnidopnniBra  wilwiiii. 
10.  (9086)  (?)  Necrochromus  oockorelli. 

780 


Fig.  11.  (<.KKU)(f)Trap«zonotiiHstyKlaliii. 
I'i.  (1177:i)(V)  Heeria  guloMt. 
111.  (OiKtO)  (?)  ProlygiKuii  innndatiiH. 
14.  (2H71)  (?)  NecroohrnmuR  labatni. 
V>.  (6:160)  (?)  Corizns  celatus. 

16.  (1:<,11.'>)  ('>)  PhnidopaniiTa  wilaoiii. 

17.  (H740)  (?)  Phtbinocoriii  lethargloiis. 
IH.  (4'J6tt)  (?)  llflmu  gnlnsa. 

19.  (14197)  (?)  Heoria  lapidoM. 


U  y  GF.;0L0GJI'A1,  SUt<Vt-;V  ni'  ■CIIM  TPlMHITnTUKS 


Pb  27 


x.^' 

^^■ 


\ 


^^,; 


<v 


IT 


I 


I. 
-    I 


v.y 


y-- -/ 


la 


^ 


^•x  '). 


*-^  J      (•»•'> 


\. 


r 


\! 


■^J 


C*^':;-,      ..,1 


.rViv-'i^T 


^€1 


Mi^ 


.^f^/ 


•^>'  -.1 


f/ 


T  Sui'jliur  *   !>on  I.ith    ?hilal:» 


TnK   FiiORi  HSANT  Basin 

I  li- .\Mi>ri  :ii.\    (Hi:  I'MHiP'i'KliA  Coiii'.iDAI':  | 


' 


i 


.(  M 


i 


/! 


/ 

r 


/' 


\  /i 


n 


i      ■ 


I 


f. 


k 


PLATE   XXVIII. 


VOL  XIII 46 


/: 


KXIM.AXATION    OK    I'L.VTE     XXVIII. 


All  till'  (lr;nviii({s  wiin;  iiiiuli'  by  .J.  Meiiry  Ulaku. 


Kig.  1.  ("O-iO)  (f)  reutnToiiiitoK  foliarniii. 
2.  (i;!:U'-)  (?)  CncdHcliisiiis  iiiaciTiatns. 
;t.  (r>4(>())  (f )  Ti'k'iwcliistu.s  pliiciiiiis. 

4.  (ll'^jri)  (5)  riDcydiiiis  ilevii  Ins. 

5.  {U4vJt))  (f)   Pl()<  villi  lis  IllDlMlH. 

(!.  (I. KIT)  0)  Tliiirti)(iolii«Mis  ri'vnlsiiH. 
7.  ("ifSro  (f  1  ri)li(>s(lii>tii>  lij;atns. 
<*.  (:WOT)  (V)  Mfi-cicupliala  h|i. 
9.  (8d(il)  (})  Diploiliilaf  li.'iishawi. 
10.  (nU)  (})  Polioijuliistiis  laiiidariiiH. 
728 


Kig.  11.  (H471)  ())  Tliliinmoscliistiis  smvidatiiM. 

1'2.  (l:i,')r!.<)  (f)  '<'|i|iboiii«tiim  liiniiMin. 

111.  (8HiO)  ^y)  Necrocydniis  HolidaliiH. 

14.  (SlSfiO)  (t)  'IVlftwcliistUM  rlyoratiiH. 

15.  (24(14)  Ci')  I'rocyduim  vfi<|>i!riiH. 
1(1.  (4*')1)  Cf)  XccrocydmiB  Hiiiyzimiis. 
17.  (l;)77)  (\')  Heeria  gulosa. 

Iri.  (147'J)  (f)  PotfHcbistiis  oltiiiibiliiH. 

1'.'.  (1U4U5)  (f)  TbliiumuHcbiHtiis  gravidaliiH. 


U  a  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 
Tertiary  Insects  of  North  Am!;rica 


Pl  2  8. 


^^■■^m;- 


•  •*  "*  -if' 

......  ,-1,--  p , 


Thk   FijoniMHATTT  Basin 

I  ll-  MII'IIMIA     lIlKTiritoPTKilA    I'l.  NTATOM  [  DAK    ( '<im  M  Al  ,Ai:  N  1 1)  VK  ) 


INDEX. 


IW 


Paife.   I 

abbreriata  (S«to<lea) 193 

abditiviiH  (Coriznii) 4X1 

abdiictum  (Uiaplogma) 2t)l) 

abita  ( Bracliypeza) .Mil  ' 

abulita(LiumGii) ..  ;I98 

aboriiviim  (Pudai^ritii)) i;t4 

abro^Htua  (PtoroAticbiiH) .VJS 

ab8ce»miiu  (Lathrobhitn) TiOfi 

abflciHsiia  (Paro(biriiiiatim) 422 

abacoudita  (Ept'irn) H4 

abaeiiH  (Catuiifura) 245 

a\)HtractUH  (DorobrochuH) 1811  ! 

abatnictit  (Apillial 307 

abHtruaua  ((iuniphocerua) 22;t 

Auuuthaapidiiia 3i>4,3r>5 

Acintblicbi' .'1(H) 

Acantboaoina 435 

xVcaiitbdHoiniiia 43.'i 

Acariua 45,46 

Aearua 47 

Aceatra 42i» 

Acbilida 297 

Ac.brt'alocoris 412,41:1 

ciDt>rariuH 413 

AcocepliaijH 311 

adu^ 311 

oalloauH 311 

Acni'phia 281 

Acrldil 220 

Ai'ridiiini  bartheleinyi 2J0 

Ac.roci'ra .'iii3 

globulua .''>H3 

hiraula 603 

Aculeata 015 

ndiu  (AuoucpbaUia) 311 

adamiia  (ntoiliiia) 504 

Adici'lla 189 

JIgialia 489 

rupta 489 

.Slia 4.S3 

iEolothripa .172,373 

.Xaobna 125,126,141,142,143 

conatricta 142, 143 

,^iiata 145 

larvata U.'i 

niarchali 143 

motia 142 

mixta 142 

fiolyiloro 142 

acpai-ata 144 

aoUda 143 

tychi! 142 

.SCac.hiiidm 02,125 

^F.aibiiiliii 02, 124, 12.\141 

ivriTiialia  ( Metrobatea) .353 


Page.    I 

int4!niua  (Derobroohna) 184  ' 

j^^lh  la  piiiiotulntua 438 

iEtiirliiniia   362 

A^aloiia    ..  .  68  ! 

Agalunidta 48,40,00,08  j 

Agallia 305  I 

abatructa  305, 3117 

llaccida  305, 3ci0 

inntiiliilia 3US,  306  , 

lewiaii 305 

AgathtuniTii 210 

roi'liiaa 219 

Aglioil 12.5,120,127,137   ; 

ajilunpi. 127,137 

iil)li<)Uilli) 127 

iixsiiliiiU 127,138,  139 

icariia 127 

iris 127 

ItMUMfHia 127 

ligea 127  I 

lnaaetv.iOtiua 127, 13H  1 

piirtlieliopo 127   ^ 

peiaiuou 127 

tulliiria 140 

Agrinni.lif  92.  124, 125 

A«riiillillil 92,124,12.5,126 

Agrypiiiii 196 

Alcoalia 300 

AK'Ui-ddfa 241 

uliitaut'iia  (llii-ii'liia) 5:i4 

Alyiliiria 418 

Alydiiiii'  411,418 

Alydin    418 

latoralia 418 

Aiiialanvoii 244, 270 

lutuaua 270 

Alnalnpiuii 575 

Aiiniiirubiiia 68 

amictiia  (Hydrochtia) 615 

Aiiiiiio]i!iiIa 30 

AiiiphiagrioH    126,137,139 

Ainpbii'iitoiimin 117 

Ainptiiflcepa  bivittata 206 

Anipbitboniiaiia .TO 

anipbi  (Cliilii^iu) 5.59 

nrayr.oiiiia  (Necrocydiiua) 446 

Anubulia 195 

A  nncliiija 597 

ap 597 

Aiiaiidnia 71 

Aiiari'to 600 

Aiiaaa 412 

print'oputida 412 

Aiuit.dla    689 

l;ieita 6(^9 


Page. 

AnaUine 62 

Auax   125,142 

metis 142 

Anconatua 244,271 

bucktoui 271,272 

duraiiiiaiia  271,272 

Aiicyliic^huiia   404 

Alidrenidll! 30 

aiiillrf  (Bnii'hiia)    484 

A  iiiaoiiiorph,i 219 

Aiiidtiiini 491 

ddciptiiiii 492 

Ilgnituiii 492 

ovalu 491 

uiiiiiiinlu  (SleDooiuclia) S64 

niiiiiwna  (Cryptorhyiicbiia) 477 

aiiti'diliirianum  (Calyptitea)...  606 

iiMttimiata  (Eotlngla) 36U 

Aiithoropbagiia  501 

ocliracuiia  501 

priaciia 601 

Anthtiniyia 548 

biirgeaai 549 

iimiiimata 518 

Antliiiiiiyidu) 548 

Aiitliuuoiima 472 

diifosaiia 28,472 

atiporua 472 

Antbracoiiiarti 46 

Alitliribidii' 465 

anti<|ua{Ducatotiia) 604 

(Sipliniiopburuidea) 255 

autiquiia  (PlianiDua) 489 

(Tvluoaclilatua) 4,54 

Autopla 76 

Anypliii'iift 61, 62, 60 

t'uacata 67 

intei-ila 67 

Apliii'tiogaater 616 

bttreiidti 615 

longawa 015 

Apbana 281 

'            atiiva 281 

j            rutundipeiiiiia 282 

I  Apliantapbia 244,2.53 

t'xaiifa 254 

j  Apbt'loebuinia 347 

I  Aphidea 242 

I  Aphidinm 244 

!  Apbidop.<iia 244,260 

dalli 261,264 

otimciata 261,266 

bargiTi 261.262 

liiiaria 281,263 

I             iiiargunmi 261, 264 

723 


I 


724 

Pftge.  i 

vVphUlnp(<l«H|i 2fifi 

Hal>tcriia -<*1 

AphU '^4'* 

AphodiiiH —  ^^ 

precursor 4**** 

niricoln 48>* 

A  pbroplitiru '»'*" 

«p 3:(7 

AplirnpUoridii *'.*'1 

Apiiim  :»> 

Aptirriim ^("tt 

prit'rttrirtiini '("'* 

Anu'luiiileH <B 

Aratiuiu) a;ifl.:uo,:ui 

Aiauea 7!.  7*1 

ooliimbho  "1 

Arrtin'idi'n 4S,  48 

artanii  (riubiona) Oi 

(Formica) Oil* 

Arclnra Tk).  51.."i)i 

Arcluliii'liniif* t244.  ".'It'. 

iinnlj;ri -4fi.  -47 

pcniiattis -40.  217 

ArchipmHMiH 117 

amiiita  (Sackcnin)  5*X> 

A  rcnoioi  in -i'M 

ATfiUi 12:.,13fl 

Artryrnnctft. flt^ 

Arinnnios  71 

Arnilia    2J3 

Aithrolyt'osft 46 

Aj*fin-oriiyi;i  8fi7 

iMiIavrr 5*17 

AHfirtltipliiiia 02 

Asi-jil  ipliiis 147 

aHfaritlff*  i  Mnnca) fi^l 

axi'ltoidi-M  (PlaiiocepliahiM).   ...  fll 

Aftilulm 29.Ml;( 

np-- '"'■' 

Aftiraca 27s,  'J!t5 

t'Diaria    'Ji^H 

a-trirta  (Orcopirt)  HIH 

iitava  (Apliaii;U 281 

Athi'ra *"► 

Altidi-s 48,49,  r)2 

AtloHles    r)2 

AttopAiH r.:t 

au;:In'yi  ((JatJipaiinTa* :Ip7 

Aiiliiript'-i  iiroratiis .'U)J 

aurora  ((.'ymiruHa) 51'< 

AvtTiius     ''i''-i 

a  via  (Labidiirornnm) LMt'i 

HatiH IIH 

anoinala 1  H 

nallitHtutna 02.  It4.  ]t'l 

Imlti'ata  il'ritii't'phora) .'(;i2 

lUrbarnthiM    29 

Itasciip.ti'*  fnTfiriiHua ...  2i);t 

Ilaniii-.M  hna Ii2.  U4 

jaiiiiti U5 

Ai'parata    142 

Bp 142 

Iwrbli-ri  (PrncnriHj 'Mi'.l 

Itf'l.twloiiiatiila- ;i:W.3Pi 

Jb-riibiiliiirii 6I1»,  riiiO 

r.inMriclutn   r»;(I 

rxoli'ttini 5'IU 

rrfiKiiM-ntimi fi:t| 

(ilai'iaturii .'')3I 

im-qiiiilo 5:iO 


INDEX. 

Iloiiilililiiini  loniiiiliini S.1I 

llnrlilliia .186,  M" 

•i<*nfMiiH B13 

ru»|>iiliitiiii  niD,  SI4 

|iiiiii-ti|H'nnti4 ."^I.t 

Kt'XHtrinttiN .M.I 

tllllllH .lU 

lliiyliiiu 411 

Hiliiniililii'    'iH.sai 

lilluis.i  (Musiii) 86'J 

liiii(il;ilus  (Myi'iitivtuB)    !Mi 

lllttiiius 147,172 

Itlali.Ta 217 

Hlniiliiliia 4;i 

lllnltali;p 215 

Itl.iliiiH .104 

fidiiruiiH .104 

iiiiiinliiriH 004 

linviilvnn 50.1 

lllilriattln .105 

HIi'pbiii-oiitiTa 64l( 

i:'',  'Mia 374 

Ii..l.liii .103,594 

liillii.liv:lKft .lot 

Hi'piiltii 503 

innliratirn 503 

IIiiMilius 30 

Uiinii>,viiiii« ;;9 

bi'Mii^insi  (L;i1)ii]uri)i>iiii.i)   200 

I>o*«tt-\<'IulA  <'iipii('iinii4  .    ......  402 

IVjllii'iiinii'iiiinim 147, 102.  in:i 

luihliiiii 104 

iNuiM-i  (lllrl.MiplLani) 'jaii 

llniiiiyicni 502 

Uriiclivpi'lla 437 

Hi-.M  livpiza .W. 

aliita .101 

priH-i-ra .191 

I!i'ii<-ii\tarHiiH 406 

priHlimiH 460 

llr.ii..:i ficifi 

laiiiiii.irtini     .. 006 

Kp (107 

nrilroiiidi). :U),  005 

K|i       007 

liTiulhvi  (ratiiparncrii) :iH7 

Itrt'\  ipidpi 574 

liriwt'ii  (lilt-diUH) .1(w 

f.nicliiila.   2«,  484 

111  11.  liiK 4M 

iiiiilit 4K4 

In  iirmrri  (Zrtobora) 217 

Itr>iM*(H-aria 303 

ItiM  ktiiiii  (  Ain'iinatu.s) 272 

lliilirniin 151 

llupii'stltlii- 27,493 

lliiprt'sti!*    403 

rtaxi^cna     404 

Ki-iMila 401 

»r|iulta 405 

!■  rii;iriii 4o;; 

lihru'<-'*«i  I  AlilJiniiiyiat .140 

lUriliiil.T    400 

liv  ;  iiiiM'iipllH 302,301 

tiipiili'Hft'Us  - 305 

C.Haly.liH    419 

.•x«lir|ialii!t -  410, -"iO 

lapsim 410 

ra.-..Mhir.lmi 463,4.10 

nni't-riatiiH   405 


j  ram". 

I  cwlnvrr  (Anarcomyla) .1*7 

I  o»4luraii  (ParocUrmliituii) 422 

I  OHiomun 117 

rn'iiiiliinluii  ( Derobroiilium 183 

cu'HiM  (PlatyiitiM) .122 

(■alculiiha  ( rntliiHia) 194 

rnllirtct.iiM  ((It.ri'opilcs) 317 

CalllHll I'H     537 

(!alliiiii\la 5.15 

tiii'ptM  atu 5.15 

<-alloMiiH  (.\('mTplialiiH) 3)1 

Ciilciiiterygliln. 92.125 

CaldmiMiH .135 

ralnliTliii'" 104,107 

(^aloli.rips    371 

<.'aIyptlto(4    ml*. 

HiittMllluviaiuini  000 

(•alyptim «0."> 

Catiiponutii!! 611 

Vl.tllB 010 

CamptiipiiK 418 

OantlHin 491 

p.Tploxiia 401 

('apHaria 302 

Oapsida. .342,361 

Cnpaiiia 302 

Capsoa 301,362,  30H 

'.a-im  368,369 

obsolcractiia 368 

Carabida. ..  27,489,517 

('arablni    .1.35 

Carnbim .135 

carliiinariiiA  (Dry.irn^to^) 470 

(■Hn'<.rata  (I.iiuiii'a) 308 

('ai'iiioIiiN 3tI3 

Ura  v»tll« 363,  364 

parviiH  303 

wpoHltna 3M.3H4 

raHu.H  (PlatyniiH) 510 

('alani.urii 244,245 

altsons 245 

rileyl 215 

Catopniiiora 384,387 

aiiubi'Vi 387 

bradlpyi 387 

Calopsiylla 275,277 

pvinia 277 

(•.•(■iil.niiyiibr! 581,000 

ii'latua  (Cmiiiwl 433 

Ci'lilbiinia 120 

CiplialiiinriH 375 

Oi'phiMii.H ;!;i4 

Ccriiiiib;    ida- 28 

('err  id  if.  la 77 

Ct'l-ciipidu 315 

Ci'iTiiiiida' 315 

(Vn-.ipi.litiiii 315 

Cir.opin 315,317 

aniriria 317,318 

fanriata 31.'i,  333 

hai<lin);i.|i 323 

inrltl'Iia 33:! 

M'liil)K<'IIHi!4 31.1,  333 

pallida   31.1,333 

r.-ilWin™ 315,3.33 

i             Kflwyiii 317,318 

i              Huirixala 317 

nngeri 315 

('iTcopitt.B 316 

.alliaccim 310,317 

iiiiibratllla  .   31f 


mm 


Page, 

Coicyon SIO 

terrigooa Slu 

Cernialla 43 

Curoxyii MO 

caiiiiH r>40 

Chlllulcllilm 30,604 

tili.milHMllnl  (QiiiMliiis) 608 

Clmiillndi^' 147,140 

148 
28 
550 
501 
45 
650 
550 
661 
224 
607 
678 
581 


])r{.4ca 

OuiiilioKiiiithufl  priatiniis . 
(MielloHia  ampla 

«l' 

(  hornvtiilat 

Cliihmin 

ninpla 

i-P 

('Iitnniioro|ilia1a 

(.'liiroiiiyza 

ClilroiiniuiUiu 


Hp. 


Oliln niiia 28,578 

ilopletus 

patou» 

septiiH 

»P 

clilttnndBiii  (Phindopamcra).. 
(-'Illll'llillH 

hilicoUia 

puiictuliitua 

ChloroU'Htoa 

OhoerUliuiii   

ebcniuuni 

hiHtt^ruUlea  


670 
580 
678 
581 
380 
617 
517 
B17 

m 

400 
400 
401 

Cluilula  384,380 

triKutlata 380 

Cliuraf;ii8 405 

liitllia 405 

Cliryxidni 3D 

Cliryrtis 30 

(:lii\HobotIiria  liaydeni 27 

CliryHoiiicHdiu 28,485 

Clirjaopa    165, 160,  llin,  100 

(;lirj  8  )pidH^ 02, 147, 161, 165 

Ciinda 294 

CiradelKtcaobscunini 295 

C'icadula  310 

aaxuna 310 

Huxnotata 310 

cinctff  ( Piilaphrodeti)  334 

riiictua  (D.vHdcrciia) 410 

eiiu'lat'ta  (Kpeirn) 85 

uinttrai'iiiH  (Achreatdcoria) 413 

cintTcia  (Oypoiia) 308 

('iiuTcacena  (Iladrouenia) 370 

c'iiici'ia  (Gryllacris) 233 

Ciimr 92,09,102 

('iti;;rada^ 48 

Cixiida 286 

CixiilH    278,286 

287 

287 

203 

336 

339 

103 

28 

363 

363 

61.62 

63,64 

66 


hcHpcridiini . 

])roavus  .  — 
rladfldiptvia  ..  .. 
( MaHtoptcra 

couiatiicki . . 

Clatht-nttiniioa 

Clcridai 

<>Io8tt'roct)ria 

ele^aiia 

Cltihioua 

arcana  

attoimata ... 


INDEX. 


Gluliioott  evema 

IllUUlll 

latobtnaa 

tnlcruithtlmlma 

OHt«ntata 

aertctm. 

toinetitOHA 

Clya 

Clytlilu 

OoccUliu 

CocciiicUli.HJ 

Coi'CUH 

(>(u  kt'i'ull)  (Kecroubruraus) 

C(i-Ii(lia 

C(>liiinl>iana 

wyoiiihiKt-iiBin 

ColfioptiTH 

ColU'inbolit 

coUipitiiH  (Plithinocoiia)  

culliHiirt  trni'oiliinnlHtua) 

cultirai  lull  Hill  (Hodotcrmes) 

coliiniliiiu  (Araiica) 

coltuiibiann  (Cn^lUlia) 

vniiiiiiixluin  (T.ublduioninuO  ... 
corniiioratim  (Dcrobnii'bufi)     . 

foinii)uni»  {ralecpliina) 

(rrotTupbiuH) 

conipactillH  (Pifzocoris) 

coinpaetUH  (OpbryaHtet") 

coniMtocki  (Claatoptera) 

coiiriiintiH  (Cyrtonienua) 

conditn  { Lithomyza) 

coiitlxttn  ( Uydrobiiifl) 

(^(MiiopterynidiL' 

Coiiiopleryx 

Connrt'pbalubD 

CV'    Mid  M  

eopi'i  (Lo(Tit«8) 

Copboeoria 

toi)obri<:oau8 

1  Coptucbroimia 

iii:niiiim 

Cordulidiu 0: 

Cureidtt) 

Cordna 

Coreitoa 

Corethra 

exita 

Corona 

Corixft 

altnnmta 

betlenaii 

iininoraa 

)iit(!rnii)ta 

piu'uata 

vauduzetii 

Corixidio 

Corizida 

CurizuH - 

abditivuH 

celatUH 

t»uttatu-i 

sniiinurnua 

Corydiilitc'H 

fi-cumliim 

CorydaliiM 

cornutua 

Corymbitea 

ini'diiinua 

BplflldcllH 

volatUH    


725 


Pago.   I 
63 

61   I 
63,65   I 

6(! 
63,06 
64 
63 
71 
66 
241 
28 
241 
407 
313 
313 
313 
465 
9J,  00 
414 
422 
113 
71 
313 
208 
184 
328 
382 
417 
477 
330   I 

451  ; 

601 
611 

02 

147 

227,  231 

6.)6 

323 

384,  301 

391 

.184,405 

405 

,  124,  12-) 

342,411 

411 

411 

583 

683 

411 

343 

344 

345 

344,  346 

344 

345 

344 

343 

411,  432 

,  432.433 

433 

433 

433.434 

.  433.434 

148 

149 

148 

.  149, 152 

496 

406 

490 

496 


Vane. 

dirynitua 71 

c'uatalia  (Pmoiuphiua) 382 

( *i'UHpi-doauiiia 43 

i-riueTat  ( Drrobrucbua) 180 

CialDparla 466 

LOiifuHiiH 466 

I'luHiia 467 

IiiKiibrlH 406 

liinatua 466,467 

i-t>p(^rtiiH 406 

CroophiUiB 507 

villiiaiia ."'" 

ciX'aaDi)  1  ( Litbotorua) 009 

(yi'diilcua 118 

CropbiiiH    381 

Oryptobluiii ,100 

C'ryptocepbalua 486 

vomiHtua 48."» 

votuatiia 4H5 

Ci-yptoenrcua 218 

Cryptiiuhroiiiua 384,  4UU 

l»tatua 409 

C'lypluby  piiua 497 

planatua 407 

tiaio.itriH 497 

('ryptopbaijiilii' 501 

CiyploT'byucbu.s  471 

aliiiuHlla  471 

Cti-reacuriH 384,  394 

priuii^fUUH 304 

Cuciijidiu 501 

'-'ulux  582 

dauuatui'iiui  582 

proavitim 582 

Ciiliciibii  28, 582 

('urtiuliouidiu 471 

Cyclirini 535 

Uycbiua 536 

anilruwsli 636,  537 

minor  637 

teatona 635 

viiluua 530, 537 

wboatloyl 536 

Oyc'di'hapba .")39 

Oydalima 419,420 

robuatua 420 

'  Cydiiida 430 

I  Cydiiop.sia 437 

Cydnus 435,487 

I             inainillamia 443 

I  CvliiidrogastiT 204 

I  Oyllocoiaria 362 

('unatomera 230 

niarulata 230 

(Jyinliia 374 

(^yiniiidia 518 

iiiiiel'icaua 518 

aurora 618 

i  Cyniiiida^ 30 

I  Cyrtidai 503,664 

'  Cyrtoiiifuus 437, 451 

coiu-iuimb 451 

(_'yrloxipbua 234 

j  C'yttai  oiiiyia 574 

!            foiioatrata 575 

dalli  (Apbidopaia) 264 

dauin,atorum  (Culcx) 582 

Dan.dax 301 

Darniistua 421,429 

'  Daaypogon 665 


726 


INDKX. 


; 


niM)  puKnnlna iKt 

lUvitll  (nerancnn) l'4N 

lUwiuni  (Trlchontk) »IX> 

Dei'uloina tW. 

anlli|iiB tot 

derttniiiHtiiii  (EiiKnamptaii) 4X3 

■l<K'e|iliini  (Anoblum) 49L> 

<1<'<M>HAA  ( PlmpJA) 61'J 

(lecliieratiis  ( Hyilroliiiin)  OU 

(IwrvpiU  (TIpiilA) 57« 

Dwticlilip 227 

IVrt  iriia  cxKtinrtni 237 

ilpro'tiiH  (Pai.MUrnilHtiiii)  423 

(l4<rONHtlft  (TlinilliHtlH) AD 

ilcfiini'tii  (Sltmlrvpn) 4113 

.l.>.i.-.ia  (Plf.iBI .'iKO 

ili'lvtiia  (Kpi|ihanl8) 4»8 

ili'Illa  (Eppira) .R^ 

IMplini'lila MS 

.'3«lpli«x MS 

■eiiilia MS 

(lentoni  (Oii<»riM!c») .WJ 

(Ii'penllla  (Scliira) sua 

ili'piliH  (rrnnixtopla) n<K) 

lU'plelns  (riitroiiumilA) 571» 

I).>prf«.irU (102 

r.prhlda 'JTH 

Drrmratldn' 2H 

I>t'ro!ir«chiiH 179,  !8*J 

iilMtrm'tiiii IX'.'.  1H3 

H'lerniin IKl,  IM 

cii'niili-DtiiH IH'J,  ih:i 

rnmninrtitiifi 182,181 

rnilwii'  IKl,  iwl 

frigPMCcim  ...   182,  IMS 

limrrif'uM 183, 18.'> 

(IfalitillilH  ('"tproatlrhin)    ''W 

deMtriiitui*  (PtcHMtichiw)  S27 

(limii'liix  (PLilvmiB)  .    S31 

ilitiiln  ilIilirumMa)  .MH 

tleviitus  (Pr<ify<IliUH) 440 

DimliHi.lia S08 

tiTiiinln .'>98 

iliaphnim  (Lilliecpliora)  :t30 

IiinpIcfZiim '2Ht* 

nlmiiiiuni 289,  .'»n 

iMlilttniaiii '.*8:t 

«lMli)riiiituin  'JSD,  L'ftJ 

wcultoriiMi 281), -.'III 

nlinnHiitii ...  2H0,  29:i 

vfinraliilo 289,  21<1 

retrriiiu'i'ijii 289.  2911 

IHcif>luA .'i''4 

aliitHci'iiN S24 

dtlHtntiiH S24 

chfllKAttin    .'i2'> 

piirpuniliiA    yii 

up .iL'S 

DiclirooHrytilB ,'(8'i 

Dirrammn  i,i SW,  'i?.,  .''74 

priniirivii .'iTii 

piibipetiiiiA ^>C>A,  S7(i 

rotflrata  ,171 

HtiKnio.^a 5U8 

Dirlyiipham    288 

Ixpuvci 2«fl 

Ilictynpliaridn    286 

Ilidilii'iB (120 

luiiinriiiii «20 

»"liilt>iii-n»  B20 

DMlunita 71 


Page, 

DliH-lrIa .163 

I)ipliy«a 8(1(1 

PIploi-liilii    523 

liiiimtiiiwl ,123 

iiiiijdr       S23 

Minlnpiida 43 

IMpliTa 28,S,19 

Oipli-l'ii  rvt'liM-hii)dia S39 

1)1  p.  ')'»  Di'IlitDliaplia ,1(1- 

dirDt.i  II.itliiiplilHl  .   2S8 

Dlaoohtiinia 4''7, 4S2 

«p 4,Vi 

dio.lccta  (Si'lcimyca) 6411 

dlsjiitHiii.H  (Parnpnoriin) IIH 

('riioriii.HUH) ,18 

diapnrFU  (I.iriiniipHyclh') 199 

<liH!*jpatu>i  iPliilyiiiiH) 521 

niHminli'ini  luiidinp'r) 224 

divi'xiiH  (PriH-ydnuH) 440 

DofintuH 3U 

pMylloidpa 314 

Dnllcliiipi'/u .174 

DcdiclinpiMlidii' .Wi 

Dolldinpim ,1«2 

up Sfl2 

IldlouiiMl.'a 62 

Doliniia 48(1 

iniarKlnata 48il 

pntiipatica     4811 

piinmitnnirt     48(1 

pnliiiollia   IHl 

Hiirlii    48n 

dortnitiiim  (PtiTOHtli'hiiH) ,V.'(l 

dorBuosiiM  1  .inrnnatiiK)    ..     ..  272 

Dnrllirsia 241 

|)lil!«iiili.«    48,49,(10.(12 

I  )ni!*MuH 82 

Di.paiii'pli'iyx 104 

Divncalin 17(1 

iilIaliiT 171) 

i-arUonariiiN 47(' 

iiiipr(-r«Hiii«     4;ti 

Ht')ili'iiti-intiHlia     470 

I).\f«ij:riim 12,1,  I -'(1, 1.7 

frfdiriii) 127,  1,10 

lakiHii    127,130.132 

piu'liardii    127,  I3ii,  13'.' 

DvHdera    (10 

DyBdi'li'ilK 4111) 

rillrlDH     410 

llllicolor 410 

I)y»di'ridp« 48,  49,  .12,  Ol) 

l)yli«ida- SI7 

enlt'iii  (IM-ocmIiiiim)    4r-* 

flii-iniiiitii  (I'lin-ridiiiiti) 490 

Kilylii»    liu 

liitalim    nil 

flTiwiin  iKpii  iiTiia) 180 

Eliiphiim   ...  ,i:i:i, ,131 

iiii'iiiilarifl .*i3i 

ripat'iiiN  .',.'(( 

t)Hi-aritiH .134 

viildirt fj:u 

KLiIi'iida'   27,49(1 

»p 498 

.•l.u,iri.i  (('lii»i(rc""ii»i     .IB:! 

iKllllMSl         ....  li.-.f) 

lKlipr^»aii)iai 294 

Elldiplila        297 

rt';.'iii«ii«  . .  297 


P»K«, 

KllpMM'IIK 117 

tdl■)l^ala  (LltliopHlN) 301 

idiifi^atii<4  (LatToliliiN) 613 

idiiHui*  ((^ralopariH) 467 

I'liiai'iata  ( Aphliliipf'iH) 28.^ 

En)l>idl)ia  1)2 

iMiHTrtun)  (Nolotiwla) illfl 

I'liiiTlnni  (Epidra) 87 

Empli.tla  117,6«g 

Kiiipiila) 29 

Kiit'hnpliora 279 

Rii(cipti>li)phi)a 224 

Ki)di'i-a(oiiiiiHrngoHiiii 491 

Kliriij.tiTida*   23S 

KdtiiiitiM 474 

primonUalla 471 

Kn.vnida'  63 

Kcitliiw  3,15 

fli'tfann 3,16 

i;«tii)Kla   3,19 

nnti'Diiala 300 

(pilii(|iiiM'ariuata 3,19 

Epiira Kl, 70,82 

■  '.Mwiiidila 82,81 

liiii'facta 82,81 

dflita 82,83 

.rucrloiil  82.87 

fojrcna 82 

liraiii/.li 82 

nii-.kii 82,83 

iriolaHMiea 82 

lipaila 89 

»p    88,89 

lrii«.liflii 82,84 

viilcanallK 8^,8(1 

Kpidiidin 48, 49,60,7* 

Kl.  iridinii —  76 

Kpliiiiicra 118,  119,  12(¥ 

t'XflDrca  124 

iiiimiiMlla  120, 121 

iiiliii'upla     120,123 

uiai'ili'iita    120,122 

•  •.•iiiiim-n^it      119 

piiriiii  nsa 120, 123 

taliillc.l 120 

EpliiMMirida-     92,118 

I''pli.\drinida' 543 

Epiranii.    478 

I  ll'.nsin     480 

"■>aiiinii» 479 

urifii'im    478 

Haxalilir*    478 

Eplphaiiin 498 

I'liniiiliiH  ...  498 

dcl.lin  498 

KpipNIM'IIH      117 

i;pi>ra 301 

KiiMiiiblda! 226 

Mrrniortn-is 430 

l'!tfH(iidat    49,  .12 

I'jli:nin*     71 

Kridlalin B.18 

lapidi'DA 6,18 

KrilliiiH    62 

Kill   71 

Krnlyliilai 602 

cniptioiitH  (Paladindla)    ...    .  189 

ErylhruniMia       120,137,139 

Etinn'MriK      41(),4r> 

iiiri'riialiH 426 

EllinriliH 384,392 


i  I 


. 


I'UKB. 

KiivorltPii  teroMons 392 

EiiiltaKogiis 476 

i^mmiiiiii 480 

i'X«iilmlii 479 

H,ixnlillii 478 

tnrroaiiK 476 

KiiuiiiiinptuB ail 

ilticfiiinBtiiH 482 

Kraiiilii'vuii 481 

Kuopliryn 62 

Kii|>liii'a 125 

Kiirlilims  oncuUiia 'ii 

KiiryiWMiia 4S3 

KiirjopuA 71  ' 

KiirypnnrupnilliliD 9H 

Kiirypauropiis 9ri 

KiiHiircorlH 46^) 

KiiHClilntiiH  antiqina     4ri4 

Eiitcrmi'n 104,106,111 

<:roHtfriiH 105 

rcmHnriim 105,114.  IIS 

■lU'iiilil   105,114,115 

olmctirua 105 

up 110 

EiizonuB 43 

Eva^oraH 354 

evaiu*«cui)H  (Nt^iiionia) 190 

evetita  (luoci'llia)  180 

mnrsa  (Cliibiiina) 83 

t^vldoiifi  (JaHHopHis) 312 

eviratiis  (Pdlyfi'iilropus) 182 

iivocatim  ( i'araltim) 54 

uvnliiln  (Uiina'u) 309 

vvulHiiB(Lithocariii) 391 

oxniilinutiM  (Pai'odnrmiHtua)...  423 

IIXHIlillllH  (EpIcdTiis) 470 

luiwua  (Piilycimtropus) 181 

exila  (Corethra) 6Rt 

Kiit.'liis 314,408 

('XHnnKiils  408 

moli'tmii  (Benibldliim)  530 

cxwiiiKllia  (Exitolus) 408 

I'xstirpatiis  (Caonlydus) 420 

cxHiica  (ApluintaphiH) 354 

ixHiicca  (Eplii'iiicrn) '24 

ixsuL'tim  (Linyrocorls) 386 

r\siilaris  (Agiioii) 139 

I'xnulatuiii  (I'xbidiiromnia)     ..  212 

oxIi'iniiHatus  (Tiiipi'zoiiotns) . .  395 

cxteniatim  (Litobroflms) 180 

pxthicla  (Mi<laiintlirip§i 371 

ttxlrantMi8(LitlH>c1iroiiiu8)  404 

ExyHtou 609 

fiDcatua  (FuHcUB) 366 

I'luculeulus  (Ly^ioiis) 377 

li'i'uiidiiiu  (Corvdalitfs) UU 

fiMii'Slrata  (Cy ttaroniyia) 575 

Kirarusa 301 

FioariiBiti'B 301 

Hti^iiiatiiuim 301 

llcliliH  (Clioragns) 465 

liiiibi'iata  (Litlmpsis) 30O 

IhiMiita (Trilxu-bryi  a) 172 

llabi^Uum  (Trosi  a'.) 344 

tlaf(ida(AKallla) 306 

Flala 278,209 

Fliitida 299 

Klcftia 71 

FloiisMintia 293 

olegaDS 294 


INDKX. 

Pago. 

fixllnui  (Parntermoa) 112 

finda  (llmria) 432 

foliarnm  (Ve.,;atumlt«a) 46'J 

Fxrohii'lla  anniilipiM 202 

Korftcula J0» 

alblpi'iiniH 203 

aiirlculaila... 202,203,211 

liulienaia 202 

iiilimr 202 

mlimta 202 

parallcia 202  ] 

priiiiit(u>ila 202 

recta 202  i 

FnrHciilarla  probleniatioft 203 

Forllculariin 202 

Formica 618  , 

iircana  618 

Foriiiicbbo 30,610 

fitHHAMiin  (Eiitcrmofl)  115  : 

foHHlllH  (PaluMithrlpa) ...  373 

IVaitim  (PteriMllibiiH)      527 

f'raKmcnIiini  (llfliiibldluiu) 531 

frodericll  (D.NSiinrlon) 130 

froiiiontll  (PnicilotansilH) SO,! 

frl|ie»i<>n»  (Dcnibrochiia) 185 

Fiiluora 284 

Uraiinlcsa 284 

obtlceHCpnn 285 

popiilata  2S4 

Fiilgorida 270 

FuluoriiiB  278 

fundi  (Thainuotottlx) 310 

FuMii* 364 

tiiuttlua 365 

OaliTiicBlla 485 

niarltliiia 185 

l)icfa 4K5 

OalKulidii? 101,347 

Kaiiiietll  (Tbamnotcttlx) .109 

gni'diiiM'i  (LithocbroiiiuH)  403 

1  Gar;;apliia 3.')!( 

I  Gea  krantzil  82 

,   gelkiel  (KlilpipborUH) 4!l 

f;elatuH  ( PatrobuH) 530 

exlldtlB  (PtiToatichns)    527 

Geocnrliia    381 

GbocoHh    38  t 

int'crnornm 3K1 

GcophiliiH 4:1 

G.Tai.con    24(,21H 

darlaii    21.'( 

pctrorura 248,  240 

348 
321 
290 
211 
533 
iJ31 
505 
013 
613 
.19'',  597 
692 
592 
.592 


727 


Gerrla 

giRnntoa  (Petrolyatrn)  ... 

(Plannphlcbia) 

gil  lerti  (T.abidiiri)iiinia).. 

glacialirt  (I.oriceni) 

({laciatiiiu  (I!embidiun)) . . 

Illaciatiis  (niwliiis) 

Glypta  

transver.^alirt 

Giioriato  

apicallB 

dcutoiii 

mo^arrbilia 

Goiiipbida'  92,125 

Gomphoi'crus 223 

al>8tniHuii  223 

fiMiioralis 220 

Gom;>lioideH 125 


Paiw. 

(loiiiphua 126 

Goiiatna 896 

GiirKiipla 63,68 

KimliitonalH  (Ni'cnicydniia) 448 

Orii.a 76 

Rrandaiviia  (EiiKuamptua) 481 

lltaiiulcmt  (FiilKora) 284 

gravatiia  ((,*armt'luB) 364 

Krarida  ( l.liiiui'a) 390 

({ravldatiirt  (TliliiiimoaobUtua).  463 

Gryllacrldldai 232 

GryllacrU 238 

charpciitlerl 233 

olni'rla 233 

iiiiKori 233 

GryllidiH 234 

(iiylli)talpa 234 

Grylliitalpldm 235 

Grylliia 234 

Kulnaa  (Ili'cria) 431 

gutlahiH  ((!ui'iziia) 434 

(I.itliyiiiiictoa) 229 

(juyntl  CIVllii!'   .^) 78 

(tymnet  niii 471 

leculitcl 471 

totPi- 473 

Gypona 307 

clnercla 308 

OyroptuL'na 509 

aaxicola 600 

vinula 600 

I  Hadroiicnia 370 

ctliBrfiHCClla 370 

I  bai;enll  (ParuttMniCH) 110 

buldoiiiaui  (l>iaplc){ma) S89 

Ilab^Hxiid 192 

ball!  (.Platynus) 520 

Italobaton 361,363 

Ilalometra 3B0 

llillys  4.'-.3 

Hammapti'ryx 208 

rctliMilata 298 

^  bnrgori  (Apliidopsia) 262 

llurmoatitcs 432 

Uarpactor    354 

Ifirpoct'ra 302 

bai 'til  (Platynus) 522 

ITaHBoltidcrt 15 

lIiMda 430 

liida 431,432 

uubwa 431 

lapldii.Ha 431,432 

Ililiotlirlps 371 

lli'lumy/.idii! 547 

nelo])hi1u» 558 

Ilflopborufl 510 

liuiatiH 511 

rijri>sc6nM 51 0 

Hcabor 517 

tnbcrculatua 517 

Ilemirnbidni   92,140,161 

llemildbina 92,161 

Hnuin-nliius 147 

U.Miiiiitcra 238 

bcnsbawi  (l)iplnehila) 523 

helltzii  (Totbiiuus) 80 

bi-ro«  ( Peti  oly  stra) 322 

llcrsilioidw 49,1)2 

bcspcridnm  (Clxiiia) 287 

boHterua  (TitanoDoa) 09 


126 


INDEX. 


;  r 


I'llllp. 

IIi'l>'i(iiiiiinl« 'in 

IIi'tcruiiitalrliM a74 

]lt>ti>ritiiinm O'J 

llntomiiiyift Ml 

ilclpiU MK 

ai'iilllit m 

ill'llTlipllll-llIk I'.'.'l 

lli>l.r<>|iti'n> a;in 

liiiiili'l  iPlut.vniiii) D2<> 

Illpiiiiii'iiit  iiicliiniiitlotua '.'34 

HlrMKiiii'tii'iiliiv '.'U 

liimiitH  (AiToceritt A63 

lli«ti'iiilii'  ?« 

IliHtoiMMiii n'< 

H(Hli>ti>rfiM>ii IU«,  1(111.  n:i 

I'oliiradi'niiia luS,  111 

liulilliiKcri    lO.'i 

liriM'tTUit lOft 

Ilojcliiirpn I7:i 

Hull  iir|i« 147,  I7:i 

luncillcmil 174 

luilmpMll  (I.initu'tt) :u)7 

IIoiiialolM r>iilt 

TfteirtA  WMi 

Hotllntll'llllllt    ItiiJ 

HiMnii'ii);iiiiiia  217 

vi-iilriima ItlH 

lliiiiiiipe.tii 2.10 

llnptum»rlill!«. 302 

IIurmiitriiH  ..  467 

partltiin 4«7 

li.Viiliiuiiii  (I.ltliiicriDU) !.')'< 

livilltiH.'^rioplhlil} r)<.l7 

Ilyilriili«li(l:i' .I.V) 

lIvdrnliiiiH ."ill 

i-niirUiin 511 

ili'iiiiKratllH r>ll 

filM-ipcn .Ml 

llytlrorliiiH .'iI.^ 

ninii'tiin  .Mft 

reli''tiin ,1lti 

HnlMilpr*<iiit sifi 

H\<lr-iiri)(>ii:t    :i.'>i 

HMlri.pliiliiliiv 27.SI0 

llMlii>|'liilil!i 27 

liydi'DpiiA  iMniH'n) 553 

Hyilrf>pi4\i')ii« 170 

tiiiiti-flm IHH 

»>|HTta IHO 

llMlr»p!<\i'hlilii< B'J.  177,  170 

llMlriipliliihi- 0'.',  177 

llyKruln'cli'lH ;t5i 

ri-niiijiri 3.'r_» 

Btftii    :i.',| 

llylaAlt'H    4tit< 

HqiiHlidcnn 4(;h 

IlylobiiiM 47:1 

niDfiiNiin- 47;( 

pit'lvoi-iiH 47.1 

pniM-i'iim 47:f 

llyiiiiniipl.ia 31',  001 

Ily|Hjrlir>Nu    ifio 

II\|H>cliiii'a 010,017 

cdilili-raU    010 

II\IiNfloiMrtilll 411 

1 1  )i  111*11  iiKiii tm« 

pi'iriiiiiN tioh 

Irliitf-iiriHinlda- :«».  oom 

l<tiiiUH 12.^ 

MuiiMiia 02  I 


liiihni'lllU  irroli'iiiirl 4'J4 

liiilii'i  illiH  iMi'niiliiiwhiiiil IKU 

iiiiiiiirKii  (<'i.ii\m SW 

I iiiliillH  iKpliciiirral 131 

lnipri«<u»  (DryiiiiitKiil    470 

liiaiiiiiMiii  i.\iiiliniii>la)  MH 

llii  :ipii\  li'liKiiiillal 401) 

Ind Ilia  (I'Miiii'iiiiildunl iM 

iiiiliiiivMi'iiii  (TiriMolilittiiii) 4KI 

liidiiiiia  ,.  lli;i 

lalniliK* nn,  lut 

liiliuloHa  ion 

iiiPipiiiIlK  (  rrllmilin Ml 170 

liiiTiiiiH  iTaiialiidi'^i    397 

inl'i'iimlix  (KUriKiillnl 430 

Miriiiiiiniiii  ((ii'uriirlal IIHl 

iiir-'iiMiiii  (I.aliidiii'niiiiiia)  214 

luui'im  1 1  Tilaiiii  ral Oil 

iiiliililiuH  il'aiudai'iniatiia) 4'.'4 

liiiHillia  UO,  l.'>4,  IM 

i'ilU'''ia 15.1 

ivi'iiia  ITifl.  lim 

■iiiiiiiiili'iita 150,  l.'i7 

liiiiiilliilit 150.  l.*.« 

vi'CiTiiim 150 

iiiMi'iiata  il'.iliM'pliiiiiii 3'jii 

ill>iit:uii  il'aiiili'iiiii-Hi liiH 

ilinliilMlii  l.\|:alllai  307 

Ihlrii'iiipla  iKphi'iiiiTUI 1'.'3 

llili-rnlatialo  (l.alliiidiiiitii) 60*1 

iiili'lila  i.Viiypliii  iial    67 

iriiiiiil.iiiiH  iPii>1\;;mmiii)   400 

iliiliiil.ilU  lllhipliniii)    534 

iralaphniili'M)    335 

iHiia    314 

1»  liiiiirliyiii'liiia ;igi 

Uiiptil«'liia I'ii 

iHsiila       .    •j7(( 

iHMlla  .    H()7 

rilliilm      43 

IlllllH 4( 

aiillipiDH 43 

HaliulimiiM 43 

tidlliatiM- 4t 

ti-rii^MtriN  43 

Ixmloa    47 

tirtlariiiit 47 

Ixoiliila. 47 

.laanida ;o»'j 

.laN^idiM* ;m»2 

Jii.'.-dpiilit 312 

v\  idwim   312 

•la,«i.ii»    302, 30H 

lali-lilii'    3(i>* 

Hpiiiii'iiriiiH ;i()rt 

.liiiiipi'riiH  riMiiiiiiiniN 4itH 

Jiivi'iiii  I  Kli.Mi.sa)        floil 

lalialiiH  I  N'ecriH'liruniiiH)    4i)7 

laliftar'a  ( lMir\  ;;ailiM( 107 

lalii-li'*  1 1'.iliiilllluiiiiiia)     214 

Liiliia  liiiliiir      '202    , 

Labidiini    204 

lilhiipliila  213 

iipatia 200,210 

till  ill  la    20D 

I,.ilmlii  iitiiiiia      '20.1 

avia     206 

liMrinalini '203,  'JUO 

('uiiiiiii.ttuiii 2U5, '20H 


I.altldutiiiiiiiia  I'XHiiUluiii   

KilliKill 

iul'lillllllll 

Ulxtiia ,. 

litliiiplilliiiii 

rlalf     

"P 

iHrliarliiMi 

l.aci'iililim 

idiiiiKiiliia 

l.ai'iiiplilliiH 

itiiu'iilimiia 

•P 

laK-rophryn 

laihlaiii  (lliilliniinlrriMuiiii) 

LiirliiiiiM 

pi'tiiiriiiii 

I|III'HIII>11     

Ia*'iin  (I  'iipHitn)  

lai-iiiiiphlii'iiN 

la'  vi(jal  im  (  I'Iitiihi  lihim) 

laki>Hil  {ny>aKriiiii>    

lanilimniiii  (Hrariiii) 

lanuiifiia  iProiTiipliiiiHl  

liiiiiziiidiiM  iPliililitiN-uria) 

lapidariiH  ( PnlinHrliUtilH)   

lapidi'Hi'i'ii:  ( l)\  iliimi'iipiiH) 

lapidi'iiH  (Kllnlalln) 

lapldiiHa  (lli'tti-iai ... 

lapHiij*  tCaralydiiH) 

lai-vala  (.Karliiia) 

l.aHinpli'i  a 

ri'Cr.-iaA 

LaniiiH 

tcrri'iiH 

liiHHa  (ShrnaplilH) 

latidira-  I'laatiiiH)    

lalrliroHa  ((vliiliional 

Latrriurudir 

Uilh  mill  mil 

allirl'HMIIIll    

i-tniit:aliiiii 

Uiaiido 

iiiii'ij^lacialM  

I.aliiidia 

laliuiiin  (I'aralliml  

Lcliia   

li'i'iiiit^'i  (Oviiiiintrnii)  

Ifi-l  il.ynlral  

I.i'i^^ioti'iipliiiri 

patriarcliii'ii.H 

Lrpiiliii-yrtim 

1.1  pidiipii  ra 

I.i'piHiiia    

plalyimra 

Miri'liaiiiia 

I.i-piNiiia(idii' 

l.i'ptiililiirlillH  

liit»»ilH 

i.i'piiM iiidii'    at:, 

1.1  liKiplili'lila 

1,1'ptosri'liil 

I.i'ply>iiiiu 

I..-M... 128, 


i-oloiattin 

irla 

IrlK'ilHla 

llirra    

priHiniM'     

viriiia 

li'Hii'iiril  (Oryctaphia) . 


!'•;:■'. 

20.1, 'il3 

'2ll\311 

.  20.1,^14 

.  '205,314 

'2U»,  213 

•205, '207 

214 

'203,  20U 

B19 

SI3 

517 

517 

617 

007 

lot 

213 
340 
250 
3<W 
503 
521 
132 
S06 
383 
415 
461 
305 
56i) 
432 
410 
145 
000 
000 
018 

eiH 

2.VI 

308 

65 

.505 
605 
506 
606 
JMNI 
216 
E.) 
613 
471 
283 
607 
607 
100 
■211,  002 
102 
102 
102 
0'2,  102 

170,  1 87 
187 

177,  101 
118 
411 
•2'23 

126, 1'27 

r2e 

127 
127 

rj7 

r27 

127 
•267 


\ 


Ii'tnliix  (Orv|it<irlminiiiii) 400 

li'tliti'iin  iMt<Miiltr<M'lmi*) IHK 

liillmiuli  UK  (I'hlhliiiicurla) 418 

WwiM  (Aititllla) 30S 

MIhiIIiiIii 129,121) 

»|i un 

LIlM'lliillilii' »3,  I2MJ(1 

Llbc'lliilliiit 02, 12ft,  12e,  Uft 

Lllmiiilii 2M 

Lllp.vlli.'liiih 2B 

liKiiliiH  (I'lilldmlilHlim)  461 

lllfiiltuiii  (Aiiiililiiiii) 402 

LlKynx'iii'ln  3B4,:i»ft 

i'XHiH;tiii4  :IH.^ 

lliiil|I<'iiuii  (Mji(ii)uachlrttiii) 4(l<) 

Mt >\miIUIii' 3,10,  !I4U 

Lliiiniilili:» 311 

Liiiuioi-liiirt'H  47 

Hiitl<|Uiin  101, 347 

I,iiiiiiii|ililllila' 02, 177. 17H,  102 

I.lMiiio|ililliiin 874 

Llmnoplilliin    10.1 

MOporHtUH 103 

Liiiiiiii|trt>'clin lOH 

(llnpirnit 100 

LiiniintrtL-hiiH 3ftl 

liiiiiiHiH  (ThUbuoioiiUH) 4ftO 

Uiiiiuii    384,30(1 

aliiilllit 307,30« 

carii'ialu 3»7,3»ii 

I'VoUitii .  .'107,300 

gmvlilii. 307.  .1110 

IkiIiiichII    ;i07 

liiiliiDiiil 307 

I.liiV|iliiii    «1,  71,75 

i-hi'int(-unt)ia "(I 

lalciiMU 7.'> 

KlttCllHirt  7."» 

L.nini-tiipiini til7 

piii^iiu  017 

I.irtlKiJinliiH 474 

inuratdH 474 

I.ilhuiliilhiips 372 

vt'ttiKta 372 

l.illia;;! inn  1 2.').  120. 127, 134 

liviiliiiuin  127.  l;(.j 

uriiliraluiii 127. 13.~i.  130 

I.il hapliis 214, 2.'i7 

iliriita 2.^8 

I.ilhi'iphiiia    320 

iliuplianit 330 

imirata 330,331 

Heti>Ei'rn 330 

llllicolor 330,331 

I.iltifibiiiri 43 

Lithia'liniinim 384,402 

I'MniiirllK    403,404 

|;ai'iliitj|'i 403 

iiiorhiariiiM —  403,401 

oliatrii'tiiH    403 

LitlliMiilii 3«4,;i0« 

^■VlIUu^ 301 

I.itll(iiri,\/.a 000 

iiimlita twi 

liiliopliilnui  (La)ii(liii'oiiiiiia).. .         21.3 

I.illiiipnvna 5«II 

tiiniiilla 500 

I.illiiipsiH 1 . .         200 

I'lolicalft 300,  30 1 

liiiiliriata 30(1 

Litliorialia 540 


INDKX. 


MlliDrliillH  pl«lu 

I.llhiitiiruM  

(■i-()aw>iil. 

Lltll,VIIIIM«tl>H  

tfUttllitlM 

LItdliriH'liim 

<ul«rimiu» 

LoboHtniiin 

I.a€rlt«ii 

IMI|l«l 

hiiblliiui'il 

Hp.(i«'eii<pl.l>I.IO.FI|{.IO|. 

whItBl 

LoiMlHtU  

KI'UlfllhllKUuA.   

IH'Chldlltulll 

■iliiiia 

Lcicimtai'lHi 


729 


Tiitfo. 
Ml 

tiOlf 
ttOU 

•jirt 

17t),  1H0 

iwi 
32:i 
;i2:t 


M» 

LuciifttltuH  iiinrulata. 

Loiu'liii-ii    

Ht'iirHemm 

viiifliiuliri 

l<ont')iifii)ii- 

IniiKinvii  (Aiiliii'notcniiti") 

l.1>IIUi|Mllpl  

lon^rj|H'N  (Orthrioi'Oilmi)  .. 

I.n|i]tllu 

LttpllO^lllHHIIfl 

LoplinnntiM 

L<>plin|it(lii   

I'OpUH 

Lorii-uni  

niTult'Hccnii 

(lt'<'finpiiiictntiv 

Ulll('illliF4    

llltllHli. 

rorU'iMiiii 

Ijixiindi  iiH  urIidiiM 

liititriii  (AplililopMiNt  ..  . . 

liitiilii'4  (KclytiiH) 

liiiviislrt  (OlianiH) 

tlltlMlM    (l.l-ptnlH'lKtllUH)    ... 

tiiln>'i(  iLorirria) 

liilosiM  ( Aiiit3lunc()ii). 

LyruMuiilu' 

[«.vctOf(iriH 

triieniH 

Lvpi'jiria 

l..vnifiili»* 

L.vnu'iiiii 

I.ypritiirt 

LVKii'11'1 ■ 

rironh'iitUH 

llllltilUH    

tllt.HiilfHt'CIIH 

Htubnitiis 

Lyjiim   

I-yHtia  

h'vi 

lic-hardHuiii 


Maciiria 

inaecr  (TIiHIxhihmuih) 

iniU'uriatUH  (< 'iiro^chistUH) . 
iniu'ilfiita  (Kplh'itK  r.t)  .. . 
nmri't>MC('iis   ( klit'pOL'tii'iH). . 

Maci'Mi'cdtr.is 

iiuiL'ii'iita  (('yniatoriiL-rii)    .. 

d'al'^'  plun-a) 

lUACuhma  iliiilcorpu)  


•::v* 

ZW.  2 12 

■_':i2 
i;rj 

234 
227 
B3U 
530  I 
530 
630 
615 
575 
430 
302 
520 
43 
278 
302 
633 
.133 
533 
r>33 
533 
534 
.V27 
203 
014 
288 
187 
533 
270 
40,  52 
361 
361 
376 
342,  374 
374,  375 
375 
370 
370.  377 
370 
370.  377 
370 
302 
28J 
282,  283 
282, 283 

02 
4.'!  I 
450 
122 
427 
007 
230 
320 
174 


r»K«. 

MnliU'iMliirniaU 28 

niuiiilllaiiiiit  (I'riw.v'lniia)   443 

iiittni  n  (S<t|(iiMy/.u| M3 

niiti'liiiii  (Oiiptiivhruniiia) 406 

Mitiitldi 301 

iniirvftiiH  (HydiapHvrhi*) 18U 

iiinri^ltliiN  (Ui'i-obrochiiN) IHA 

inHr|{»riiiii  (  AplilcliipHln) 264 

iiiHi'viUKl  (Hulrcpbiirai  317 

iiiuawiiciiii  I  (  Aki'Ioii) 138 

MttlU'oai  IiIhMih 45:1,450 

UnilKDiiii*  4A() 

iiiiiiulll(Ki>t«iiiii>K) 116 

Miti'iKwphiilii 4.M,  450, 464 

»p 464 

iiiKi'kll  (Rpeini) 8S 

MeKuIuiiiiiH  164 

Mt^UiHiplMirn 62 

Mt'laiiotbrlpH. 371 

extlucta STl 

Meliililai 28 

MiMiibrucUU 302 

Moaubrnrhiin 170, 188 

Iniliinllliia 188,180 

b'Uiasua 188 

Mvti'oriia 007 

Metlcibati'a 353,  3.'i;i 

U'lernulia 353 

M  lort'ly  tnirl» 418 

Micromiia 147. 103 

liirtua 105 

Mliriivelitt 340 

Mb'i'vphniitea 70 

M  Idaaldii' 20 

Mlloala 565,557 

ipinilrata U7 

niiuliiia  iJUiopocoria) 420 

iiiiniir  (C'ycbriiH)    537 

MirariA 302 

Milla 361, ,162 

Mizallft ,51 

MiHMiioHyiio  torriMitiilft 203 

Munaiithia 357, 3,58 

(|iia(lriiiiaciilat« 3.'>8 

VLitHroa  359 

woinU 358 

Monupblebiia 241 

puiinatua 212 

Bliiip1i!X 242 

Morcldlldaj 28 

Munuuliu'oidea  artietilatiia  ...  148 

iiiortaUMl'ablduruniinn) 207 

liinrlU'iiia  (Palluptcril     ,540 

iiH>rluariim(Litlioebr(>inua) 404 

m»t'tiiallu(Paui-iulia) 003 

iiiiil'liliia  (OxyKonila)    406 

iiilldKi'l  (Aicbiliiehnila) 247 

iiiiiltlH  piuoan  CCy  I  biila) 221 

niiirala  (LittiBcpbora) 331 

iiiuratiirt  (I.i.strnittttna) 474 

MtiHCti 551 

aacaridt-H 551 

bib»na 552 

liydrupii'U 553 

«p 553 

vinculata 554 

Muacirtw 20,  .551 

iimtilata  (Thninnotettix) 300 

Mutillida< 30 

Mycetuphila .588 

ocoultatfk 588 


730 


INDION. 


Pajtr  ' 

M.rr«lii|ili;ilda< SM.  IW 

•11 .MM 

M  yi'cil  ifl  UH IMI3 

bliKitiilna  'Ml 

MII|Illllll|l«lllllll    MJ 

M.\c)<|.ulmrlit     U:i.:i»4 

M\ml<wlihiit   87«.9U 

SM 

4S 

U7 

n 

«IS 

(11.1 

;io.«i'' 

■  ID),  \m 


M>"l"» 

M  vriHptHU  . .. . 
M>riiiiOt4tii  ... 
Mvntii*li*<intUift. 
M>riiili'» 

"P    

M.\rnilol(1ii' 

Myiilii('l<loii   — 


Nalililii- 

NunlliiK'lii 

Iiir|ilila  .... 

N'liiicoriilH' 

.Ncl>ri» 

pAllKltlielM . 
UhllllTlll  . 


33»,M0,;Ul 

■J.'4 

■::* 

ii;i»,3to.  U7 

.'..12 

M'l 

.'J'.' 

.VfrrorhriHiiuH S**4.  4«rt 

••...■ken.111 4(KI,4in 

luhiitun iti6.un 

MtlHnm  «im.40T 

N'l'crm-yilmii* 437,44.'! 

iitii>£(iiitiii 414.  44fl 

lEoniiiit'iiiili 44*.  444 

ieviM|u« 444,44k 

Mnlor.    444,447 

williLltuil 444.447 

myiliua 444. 44« 

t(ii|>eiiii 444,444 

TiilcmitUM   444 

.Ni.cri>|w>IU •.•7.%'J7t) 

ri;;iilii 276 

.NVcy|I"i>iii*    •147 

niliiiiiliiiuji 34K 

N't'liiinliiiiiii  Hit 

.S.imitiM  im .'rtW 

Ni  iiiuliluH   'J.'M 

l*rllaritiii   2^i.'i 

vjltatua 2J& 

NrolhiiiK-M   M5 

tentl'IlN M'l 

\o|iliilii  51, 52, 7(1.  MB 

Ix'llliutiliefl H!) 

)ilulllipc'rt 1H> 

.N.-piilii-    ;i3«,340 

du-j 

IMI 
lUtl 
IWI 
IU7 

•1 

278 


\.|llUlllll   

Ni'urwnrU    

Nfiiri)ui» 

t-viUifHceiin 

ii-iii  iiljdi   

Mi-iiiirAMi  iutu 

N'«Miriipl«'ra 

iti;;r»  j.-^tt'iiovflia/  

iii;:miiii  ll'l«T>i|lli^llia) 

Nill.hlliila-    27, 41(9 

rtnitoiii  (TaioitiiH) ih)4 

Nii-o,liiiilriin ri9 

(rKjiMiiii  4!»l» 

tiriiiolnr IW 

Ni.lliiK'ljryna 147,  IM.  I(U*.  |i;'.l 

flllviripA lliU 

Ni>(j|>liiliiiii .Vl;i 

.Viplniicrtil 344 

iriiiTaunl 844 

^°uloul'C'llUa^ 340 


Nyc'lophyUi 27U 

iililrri 270 

vlull a7H,2M) 

Nyniphallilw 211 

NyiiiphrN   ..  147 

Ny.lHn 377 

■trttliK 3711,  :iMi 

(•rrw   ...  37«,:i7ii 

Irltiiii  378, 37» 

vn'iil* 37M 

rluvliia 37)1 

nliilnniiitMiu  (l)l»pli<iiniiii 'M 

•ilKliiinliiH  ( I'll  liiiciial 7( 

olill<|Uii  4  l*ulaplttiMl«.N) 8,14 

iililKi'iMlii  (llvpiiilliiiiil.... —  itia 

iiUllulilliln  (riid'Krhlillia) 4.'>M 

tiliHi'iii'U  (Pul.ipliriHli'4) 335 

ohMilfriM'dii*  (I  'iipMlltf , . ,.  348 

oliHiilrNrrr.*  I  [.\  Ull'llK) 377 

■ibiuilxtutii  (SiiiphylliiltiM)       ..  AlU 

ithHtrlcdM  il.illiiH'lininmal 403 

uli(i«  la  ( IVllliiiiiiiiil •'UII 

iili(ii'<>>4ft*ita  (K'jltforal   2.i1 

iHciillaItt  (Mti'ctoplillill 6ni< 

iH'i  iiltiiniiii  (Diapli'KiiiH) 201 

Oi'hyriiciirla 241 

Oiypctc M 

Oiliiiiatii 0.',  I.'4 

OiliiiitiH'ifrdni 101 

(KraiKhiia 2;i4 

(Killp<Ml»       2J3,2-ri 

i'ii*ruliw«*iia  224 

(lailifH  224 

^eriiiai'l 324 

I  .liililiKiTl 224 

inrlaiiriNtli'U 221 

iiii:riil'a«i'liila(4>  22»,  221 

a-li)li.£clii«ia 224,22.') 

pca'lnt-atil 2.'-'> 

iKdipiKllilu'  220.23.1 

<KH(ri<la'  !tH 

(Km run   y<9 

(Jliarilia   '203 

(erri'iitiila '.;o:i 

Oliuriia 2M7 

lutnnaia  '.'km 

Oiiri 74 

iinmiylHria 3IIJ 

iiiiciitylua 342 

■ipt-rlu  I  llyilriipayrlli') IHU 

MptTlaiiiMini  (  riii'riillniii) 73 

Ophiy:i»H"t 477 

fiiii-rt'tia     478 

•  'tiiiipiu*tU'< 4i7 

upiliDiii'H      45 

Dpiiitliiiphylax 50 

iip>i,<i'ttia   :i5,'> 

( irliil.'Uria' 411, 74 

Orrhi'litnlltli          231 

('(Kit  inniiin           231 

placiiliiiii    .  . .  - '231 

(Irsillaiia 378 

():lailil,i 29,  .'40 

lllll 1111,1    MK> 

(llllic.plil.l.i* 1T2 

drill. ip-  3<)2 

(lillH'pti  la    2(M 

Oriliorliapha  H2 

OrttiiiocoriHa   410,  4'.'0- 

loiigipca 43U 


OryoUpbU 344,'J(UI 

liwiirurll 044.24; 

ii'i'iiiiillla    24(1 

Oryi  (imclrlctca  |irutii|{«'iia  .  2H 

Oamyliia  144,147,141, 142 

pIctMa 1(12, 143 

ri'ipililiia loj 

iMd'iilata  ii'liihliina) 4.1 

ii«lciieii«  il'ii'i'iliicapanai 340 

(MIorliyiK'lililu' 47,^ 

(Itliirhyiirliiia  4711 

I            (liililiia   477 

IM'nIiliia 174 

aiilratiia 477 

liiiiilui' 477 

iiiiatali'tl  I  rniii 4H7 

ovale  i.Viiiililiini) 4DI 

(Ivycaii'iiliia ;|81 

Oxyi'iiniiN    4(M 

iiKirdiiia 404 

<'»VI'"rii"  505 

"tirUciia S(i,^ 

Ot\h'liip«  ftidi 

pilatllma.    6(i;i 

rii((»"iia iMii 

i'llcliynirla    4;|.^ 

t'ailiyiiiiTiia 3(14, 4U0 

raai'lallla 307 

pi'daiiaia 401 

piik'Mliia    3B7 

I'ncliypnylla vi.l 

I'acliy  (yliiM    221 

|iai  karilii  iDyMiitrliiii) 132 

I'aladii'i'ila 170,188 

inipi  Ionia ion 

I'alaiM'liivaa    147,144 

'<tri(la     144 

I'lilii'iM-iirlH    411 

rahi'iiiliclydpti'ra  103 

r.ilii'dlhripa .173 

Ciixallln 373 

r.ihidvilia  318,340 

NpiMiHa ;t40 

rjilapliiii  lea 3;i:i 

ciiMla s:il 

irnniilaiU 334,  3;i.'> 

oliliipm .'134,  :Ma 

"liaiiiia 3.'l4,:i3.'i 

(raiiavurH.i .134.  3.'I0 

Pillcrphiira 3-J4 

ciiinlliuilia 324,  32N 

iiiiii'iiata 324,  3'.>ll 

iiia(-iila(a    ..  :i'j(t 

iiiarvinei 3'2rt,  3*27 

piilirai(a 320,327 

pravaliiir. 3'.'ll.3'2y 

I'.lli'lllhollH  llnlitrcMIH *20 

pali'ciiK-laa  (Nc)ii'i.i) ...  .'i32 

I'.iliiiKi'liia     IIH.  110 

ffiadiialllt'li. 119 

Palliipt.™ 5411 

iiiiii'lii  ilia .'>4i> 

palii(lii:('iia  I  Ti I' '•j 1U<I 

p.illliliv.(;::k  1  lltil,.|ilial 501 

r.iiiiira *       3H5 

I'aillTlliatfiil.r 220 

I'auurpa 147,172,173,170 

(triK  ilia   174 

iitMitatoKaatcr 175 

ritiiaa rn 


i\ 


INDKX. 


781 


TitnorplcliB n,  147,171 

I'uiiiliillmlla SIA 

KiiiiMuri'l    216 

liiiulli  Inn  ( IVIniiilinuliUI) 9SJ 

l>iinil\Krm ..  1119 

I'lininililla IWI 

I'i'llliulllll'll tu'i  I 

vi'HlIU  Ml  i 

I'.iniKiin 5'J,U  I 

(IVlM'BtllM Ki,M 

Irilllittim e3,M 

ri'niirri'Ctnit 611 

riiroiliirinlntiiM ...  *l»,i'il 

iiliHi'laniin 4'il,4'i2 

niiliii'iiH 4'J1,49'J 

ioIIIhuh... m.iTJ 

iMnUiH..   43l,4'i:i 

I'miiiiuiiiliiii 411, 4^9 

liilill.ltiiH 421,414 

I'lirolaiiil  iriiilln 18 

r»l'll|l    XMIH    117 

illN.lumilUH 118 

I'ltriili'iiiii'H IM 

rudiiiii' ioMoi,iii 

Imilimll 10M0M,1I0 

lll«lKUiil     109,101* 

liiinlliiH  (IliirniiHciiH)    407 

p.il'VilH  (ThlllminoliiiH)    440 

p.ili  riictii  ( l*iili'i'|ili(iru) :I27 

|iii(<-tiH  (Chlriiitiiiniu) AHO 

li.itrliircliiiMin  (LuiHt<ilr>i|ihu8) . .  It07 

riilniliiia lun 

llclntUK miu 

Hrplciiltiniili* B,tu 

I'liiiriipiilik OH 

pnili'i  (rii'i'iit) 118.^ 

I'.liiliiiiH ao 

I'l'lo^^diiiiH ,"(47 

I'l'inpliiKliiii' 249 

Punipiil)2uii ...  2411 

lii'iitiiillpi'ii  (N'i'plilla)    eu 

pc'iiiiiiliiH  (Ari'lilluolinliH) 247 

ri'iiUtiiiim 4:iS,4.M 

IVulaliiiiitdu 45:i 

ri'iiliiliiiiililiK    342.4:i.'> 

ri'iitiitoiiilli'H    4511,4(11 

I'olianiiii 402 

rt'iitlKMi'iii  HiiiiilkiiiiitM'iiu .'in:) 

liurdlliiH  (illiiirli.Mii^ljiia) 476 

ptM't'iiiplur*  (riiv.iii-oriH)  417 

]M'i't'iiiiatim('ritliltonit'iiiiH) 4Su 

peril  iiH  (Pii>/(M-ori(4)  417 

roi'linii 02 

IVtaliu i:>.-, 

IN'talui  1  i2.'i 

p.'trii'ii.^  (r.iihiiiuroria)    416 

pfln-iiHis  ([*ur)i\  riinni.H) 4((i 

prtrciif*  {  rMibttiiiuiiUH) ...  44;> 

pt'triiiiiH  (U'liih'uiiioii) ouH 

IN^ti'ol.vHtiit 31J) 

j;i;:iiiiti'a   — ;t2I 

hcros    321,322 

pi'troruin  ((irraiu'oii) lUO 

l'liaii.i'ii.H 481) 

ulltii|lliH     480 

culliit'i'X 4M) 

pint"    4811 

I'liaiii'i  iiplna  vil  ilatu 227 

I'IniHiuiila 211) 

riii'UoUa 480 

liruiiHn 409 


r«K<i.  1 

I'hniiolla  liinitpAi  4IW 

I'lilillpptlil    111,63  1 

l'lilth>ilni>i    6tl  i 

prlinaru 611 

«P .   611 

PlilliHlrniiilnai  40,66 

I'lillMKBiiln IM,  128,136  | 

IMilln'nrKux     IIT 

I'liliii lU    436 

I'lildMtftliiiiN,   401 

IMili»i>lliilp«  371 

I'hriKlcipaiNi'ra    884,368 

I'hllti-nili'Ul   388,3i<U 

wllmtiii    :iHH 

Plir.V(J»iii>ii    11)7 

aiitli|Ui>  178,  lUk 

lilumll 17H,  101 

iMiiuiiilaiiii I0:i 

UiTanilliiiiu 11)3 

tininillii    IU8 

li.vpi  rlHiri'u 81 

Ulixrai'lit 11)7 

nilniro.i  lUI 

opiiitit ...  18U 

I'lirjKiihhlai    81,177,  lU.t 

l'hr.viilila>  4.'i 

nithlljiii'iirln 413,411 

c'liillKutiiii  411 

laiiKniiliiH 414,4I.'> 

li'lliaiKii'iia 4I4.4I,''> 

p«liiiiii« 414,410 

I'li.vllouliicliuiliki'arcliii ;i,'i7 

I'liylliiphiiriila^ 227 

rii>llupt<ra    234 

I'liynialiiliu 220 

I'liyaapiiilfH    .  371 

I'liytociiiaila 302 

I'liytw'Dila 301,302 

lii>'ij|iiiii.'<    :io:i 

Pliyt<>ptiiMaiitli|iiua 47 

piitttdialiiiiii'lla) 4hS 

piiaalLitliurtaliit) .^ill 

IMeriliiu 2!) 

I'li'Hlna    Xi7 

I  ol  Hilda 3,18 

I'lfJiKorin 412,410 

cunipactilin 417 

piTi'iiiptuii 417 

piTltllH 417 

I'iiiipla    30,610 

dcccHHu orj 

iiistigatiir  012 

aaxoa  oio 

"iiiiuitt    oil 

pinituc  iLiuiiiiMupiiln)   017 

I'ipuiirulida-  y,i\ 

I'lrate.s  34 

I'iralUia ;i,-,4 

plai-atiiH  (Tt'tmiHcliiatiiM) 4.'j7 

phu'idlliii  lOrchi'llniiliiil 231 

lMa){i<>);nai  Imila 302 

IMaiiiptiiinia 02,140 

I'laiiowplialiis 04, 08,  347 

asflliiidt-H 01 

riaiiciplili  111  I 290 

txi)£)ilitea 200 

I'ltttyciH'iHis  126,127 

aiitiipia 127 

icanin 127 

platynii'ia  iLcpianiii) IU2 

IMatyiiiBils  3M 


Plutjniii Ill 

ril'aiiH  .    , Ill 

■  aiiuii    Sit 

(TDiilittrlittiw 618,620,611 

di'iiui'tiiii     ..     S'JI 

dUnipaliiii Ul 

lialll       630 

liiiillil 631 

lilnili'l     fio 

rulirlpen 619,630,611 

•el»'« 618 

Tiirlulaliilt    619 

I'latypi'tidiK    gj,^ 

''I"''" 61.1 

<l<\l<"''i' ....  6H 

l"'»l'l lis 

■iiiillkamoiilill  MS 

I'lii'ai'iina gm 

''l"li"'ii 881, 3,M 

I'lHlaniliiii 12.1, 120,  127,  12H,  133 

uliorllviiMi    137,134 

iiiacropim 134 

Podiira    ^^^^  100 

Ptidiiridat     03 

PtiM-ilocapNUH 8S5 

I'rc'iiiimiil sgs 

iiiii.iliiliH   au 

iwtHiiluii    363,308 

t»lil'l"" 306,308 

vetni  ttiidiiH     SOS,  300 

vi'lcinioiiiiK  366,307 

''"""■•'■I* 378,178 

I'lilliiiiiylii ftgj 

ft'"' 656 

IViIIihc'IiIhIiih 46.1,400 

lapldarliiii 400, 401 

IIki'Iiih 400,401 

I'cilinlvn 30 

l'cil.\ecMiliiipn«..   177,180,181 

MviraliiA 183 

"XI'HIIH 181 

I'lilyc'lcma  341 

rdlyduHiiiiis  43 

I'cilypluwi 217,218 

I'olyxi'iiiiH 43 

piiinpatir.)  (I)iiiiacin) 480 

Poiiipilaliu 30 

PiiDi'i'iiliii , 30 

popiiliita  (FiiIj{ora)  284 

liortiniialla  (.ScltMleH) 101 

rotaniantliiiH \\s 

PotcHChlntilH 493,  4,'i8 

uhiiiitiiliih       4,';g 

pra-fiii-ata  (iKilipiifla) 226 

praiHtriutuiii  (.Vpnrciiiai 370 

pi'ii-ttM'ttM  .Rhepm-uriM) 427 

pra-valtiiiH  (I*alt<fp)inra) 3J8 

( Ulii'pui'iii'is) 427 

pi'i'Oill-Hiir  (AplitiiliiiH). 488 

prima  (Ca  npMyjla) 277 

piliiiii'ViiH  (Philliyilnin) 912 

priiiii);i'iiiUH  (TL'iU'bTlo) 483 

pi-iriii<;t'nuit  (Ctt'i't'acuriB) 304 

piiiiiitiva  (Diuianoiiiyla) 670 

priiiiordliilia  (KiililllUB) 474 

Priiiorphiira 332 

Imlli'ata 332 

Iitisioniargii  ata  (Ti>tliuonla)  ..  302 

pimcnpiitida  (.Aiia.ia)    ..    412 

priacotiiicta  (TettljEouia) 303 

prUcovariogata  (Tettigonia) . . .  303 


732 


INDEX. 


!:  II 


priHiMiH  (Aiithi'roplmjjtirt) 501 

phr«liiiim(ltr;i«'ii>tar.Hiirt) 4ti<I 

(()x,vl<lua) fio:; 

prniivitiiM  (CiiU'xi b^'' 

piiiiivim  (('iviiiM) *J87 

priH'tT.i  {H[iu'hv|if/ii) 591 

Pnicolia :i84,:i92 

li.ihl.ii  :iO:i 

NalirtirjiitlilllliiH 3113 

Pritfrn|iliill?* 3H1 

riiiiiinuiii!* ^82 

c.i»l«li«    3K2 

lau'iMin:' 382,:i8:t 

I'rtH'x thills  4:17, 4;[8 

il.viitin    410.440 

iliv.'XUH 4.T.I.440 

laioiii 4:i»,4li 

iiiiuiiitl.iiius 4:t9, 44;t 

proiius 4:ilt 

iiuii-liis 4:iB,441 

rclic|iiii«    4:i».441 

Vf.sp.ius 439.  44'J 

I'ruclytil.iii 61 

I'rolydiiin 384.40.". 

lliur.ilitiis 408 

rronuMDpia I>0(t 

ilepiti.i 54HI 

He\iiiaritla(a ."iiK) 

Priillt-lnnbiUH 234 

iiiiluriitUH 2;t4. 2;(.'» 

Hinithii 234.2.lli 

l*'i  liuiiiis 2:M.  2;t.'i 

Proiiuptili'liiii .'173 

n-tUviv.i .'(74 

pionu.-*  (I'loi-ydliUH) 4:t9 

l'rnprt*»s    .'I'J 

ptultiiii|iiii  (.'>iphiini>pliortiitlt-H)  2.^7 

projiilhi'Mlls  ( IMlfporniiH)      ...  420 

I'ni.iPuara   343 

tlalicllum ;i44 

I'riili  IHir  419.  424 

iriiliiiillis ...  424 

I>ri)tiiiM-iii'a 127 

l'r<it<ipli.i»"ilil» IU3 

prfivcctiM  iIIvliibhiH)   473 

IVlhiiiMisi 81 

P-e.a.lia 8(12 

iiiorlui'llit 603 

I'-.ii.l.iptrl» 219 

P-.iii.liipliaiia 278,  2a^ 

P«  Ihliiplilrlilia 43(1 

I'.iMl.liiplivllidlc 230 

P!4iMiil(Mti(;tiia 127 

Pi«t-iiili>ili<iini»urt .'•(! 

P»iliila   Mi 

tabiiluHB TjOI 

PuiMiiia 92,117 

PHmMlH 117 

P«H|iiii:a 27(1 

Pnylla 27.-i 

Pujlliilii- 27:. 

|.N>ll<.i*Ii'A  (Di.i'iliiilM) 314 

l'-\l|.,pni.H 27,'. 

I'l.  rc.nl iiliilK .Vi.'. 

alin.;!:ttilri  r.2.*. 

cnrai  iliiin 528 

d**Hlitu(IIH 520 

ilcNltlKllltt >'i27 

*l<.iiiiit.tii.4 .'.26 

fi.K-tun 627 

gelidua 527 


Pt<.rostichiia  lH.r(-ulaiit.iiH  . 

hlHlHI.IlilMIri 

la-tuli.H 

Iii.vl>;»(ii8 

).ati'ti"lirt 

nayi  

"P 

xl.VKicKH 

PloioHtJ^iiia         

ni):riiiii 

rctiirvimi   

Pthiida'  

Pt.ycl-opteriiia 

PtVfllW 


piltiiii'uHa  (Kplii-rnt-ia)     

piilii'tiilata  (Stf..i.p('tla) 

piiiK-tulatiis  (Clila-lliiis) 

pitliiaiiu  (Liiiiui-a)    

l*\iali.la' 

P\  irlu.i'iiriiift 

P>  ITllMSO'lia 12( 

PvthuniNHa 


ipiailiula  (\l>l().*ia)  -  ■• 

ljlh-llill.4     

l.i.wiri    

i'liaiiil.t>rlinl  . . . . 

iimliii'liinuH 

iplcslich  iSl.i-napliisl. . 
tiilit'tu.t  ( IVocydnilH). 


i'H()lie.H()iii>i  (Sipli(.iH»pliuroi<l«-M). 
Kaphiilia 

ti'aiii(iiina 

Itapliiiliiila-    112, 

r.i-i'-*sa  ( l.aHidplcra) 

rt'i'i.na  ( lli.li)al<.ta)     

r«'i-liiNa  (.V^atheiuerat     

n-coliilila  (()ry('tnplii«» 

it'tia  (I'l.lmiiiyia)     

liTitrviiiii  (Pt«'r(.Mti;jiiia)   

rtxliviva  (Pronopliicl.ia) 

U.-iliivii.la'  

Ki-(luv;iua 

KcdiiviiiH  

uutiatiis  

ri-)£iilaiin  (Klidiptcra) 

ri'lit'lus  (llydii.i  hiiHl   

rflit)iiata  (  r.iplia('tiM)  

rcli(|iius  (Piiti-ydiiiiH) 

••fpfiiii.'*  (Ciali.pat'iHf   

Iftlllil-tllN  (<)rtlii\lil.H; 

ri'rtiirii'.'tus  (ParatlUH) 

H'NUtlM  (TlmtlliHIlH)    

ri>t.-iMa  I  Liiiypliia)        

i-etii'iilala  ( Haliiiiiapti'i'yx)  .... 

Uttil.laria-    

n-vcft'm  (.N'cf n.fy.iim»>  

n-yt'lata  (Sci.iHiyra» 

ieviviMCciiH(.'>\eiiiii.l.ii.cl.iisl . . . 

tI'VlllMIIM  I   rillll't4.HrhlnlUrt) 

Kli.*p«H'..rU 

liiacri'HculiH  

niiiiiriiJt      

I"  ■'■'•'■<"■•' 

pi. I  \alt.iis    

piiipiti<|iialiH  

Ivliipiplii.iida'        

litili.iphorilH  

^cikici     

UbyacopUllidtti    


.'..'(7 
507 
.'.08 
.'U.8 
.'.U8 
2.'i0 
441 

2.'.0 
146,  154 
l.'>4 
146.  l.'>4 
6(10 
.'.O'.l 
219 
21)0 
556 
274 
574 
351 
3.M 
3.V4 
434 
2!I7 
Tild 
•tOi; 

411 
46(1 
162 


298 
48.  71) 
418 
542 
2li8 
4.-.8 

419.4211 
427 

427.  429 
427 
427 

427,  428 

4"2 

482 

482 

92,  177 


l-aijc.   \ 

.'.26      Kliyiu-liilidin 

.'.28      lihyiichi.plii.ra 

.'>2fi      l!liy|iar<.(-hi-oinai  ia 

.'i28      Khypaii.i'lii'i.iiiiiH  

.'.27  tcii.'tiH    

SJ6  I  vcriillii 

.'.28.,'.29      Uliys-sa 

.'.28   '  .juvviiiH 

244.273  Itiialiia 

273.275      Uiialilida 

273.274  ri.'hariUi.iii  (Lyalral 

28,491      Ui.llii 

.'.75    .   titfi'srclirt  ( !Ii-]iiplli.n)M) ... 

3:13      rigida  lXi'tii.p.s\llal 

122  ll'annrp.il      

438      liKoratu.s  ('ri'l<'...Hi-liistiiM). 

517      rllcyi  (('atniiciira) 

397      ri.l.iistiiH  ((J\dainiiH) 

29      ro.'.trata  <  Diriani.iiiyia)... 

342,4(19      rc.lunda  (I'ii'siiial 

,  137.  1.19      lolii.idalils  (Ni  iy;;(inilM). . 
(.2      n.ltitiilipfiiDin  (Ap)iaiia).- 

Miitii.^iiiii  I  DiapU.^iiia) 

lllpta  l.Kifi.ilia)  

i-ii.4rti-lli  (TyrLiila) 

UyiiM.Hia 

nlr.ni^itlata 


.361, 


Sai'kciiia 

aroiiata.: 
"P 


Saiciiia    

Sal.lida" 

.•^alliens 

.Sallijxrada'    

.Haiii'tajoliaiiiiiH  (Proirorirt. 

.SapiiiiUH 

aaiiHHiiri'i  (I\iralatiiidia) ... 

MUxatiliH  (Kpii-a-iiiK)    

Ha\t>a  (I'itiipla)    

Haxialis  ('ri.ipUtci nils)  .... 

saxii-i.lit  ((iyinplia'iia) 

HaKilU'ii.-i  ( .\.-(n.<'liii.iiiiiN)  . 

waxij;.  tia  ( Miipicstis)  

i«av<..tji  iCicadiila)   

Sl.i'iiapliis 

lan-ta 

•  lii.-Hiieli 

iihl.ii  

t^caialiu'lda-  

Si'ln*llt'iilK'r(;ia 

Srlii/.i.iu'iira 

Sih  /diKMirina' 

St  lii/..iiciir(iiiii'M 

Kciidd.'ri 

Siiara 

ilfpi-rttita 

Ho.piili 

iiiit{iila(a  

Sciariiia  . 

•Stioiny  xa 

ili»|.<la 

iiialica 

rcvclata    

»l> 

Sfii.lii>/iila-   

SiH.ptilla     -.      

Ii.vallil 

Sc.lia  

Scolopi'iidra 

.Srt.lopt'DdrcJIa  


.339, 


Pagp. 
481 
28 
384 

384,400 

361 

400 

30.  )MU 

60U 

278.  297 
2:17 
283 
47 
516 
27(1 
176 
456 
249 
420 
571 
.158 
348 
282 
292 
489 
222 
590 
590 

.'.94.  .'.09 
59."> 
fim 
356 

340,  341 
52 
48.  52 
393 
491 
210 
478 
010 
515 
,'8)9 
407 
494 
310 

244,  2.'.0 

2,'iO,  2 -.3 
2.-« 

2.W.  252 

27.  487 

71 

243 

244.  269 

214.  269 
2119 
580 
(80 
588 
586 

,'.88,  .'.».j 

.'>42 

546 

543 

.■■42 

546 

.142 

597 

597 

30 

43 

90 


TXDEX. 


733 


I'ftJii'.  1 

Scolopocorua 4tl0 

Scol.vtUti' 46S 

Si-ulytiiH  riiifiiloHiiH 401t 

Hcopiili  (Si>iiiru) 5HS 

BciiildtM'i  (S('lii/.(>nt'nrni(len)     ...  200 

Ri-ii1pti1iH  (TrotiiHtt>i'iiiirt). 5i4 

Scutrllnina 4:tr. 

Sc.vllhm 2J0 

iiiur»rns.-iolrttii 220,224   ; 

S(-,v1oil(>iilii'    ' 4!» 

BiM'eHHii  (Si'j;t'sti'ia) (>1 

t*rcluf.inii  (Thwriiliiim) 74 

HeriiliiMiin  (I'anynH'cuH) 47r> 

Si*nentrlii M,  00,(11 

Hft'WHHll 01 

RmuK-ulata «^'I 

aelwyiii  (CeiropU) lUB 

StiiuiillM lis 

ftenecta  (Pim]>Iu) 01 1    < 

BeneMceiiH  U-'Oncliii'a) r>39   ; 

seiiex  (IMatynuH) r>\U 

acnilm  (Dulpliax) :;9r) 

(llt'icioiiiyza) r)47 

senior  (N'('<i(K\vrtniiH) 447 

separata  (.Kschna) 141 

aepof^il  lis  (CariiR'lus) :ti)4 

septiiH  {CtiiriiuunuiM) fiTR 

scpuli'hri  (TipulH)  .   r)78 

Ht'i>ult a  ( Itoli't ilia) '>l):t   ' 

(Ituprt'stiH) 4!)r. 

ficrfrtfcns  (fCiicorites) :t!)- 

ScriciHtomidii!    U2, 177   . 

setim'ra  (Lithecpliora) 'A'-\0 

Setodt'H mi 

ablireviata 1U1.192 

pftrtioiialia. !!(!    \ 

sexHtriulim  (lUM'tiHti:*) 5i;t 

Sialidii' i>2,  US 

Sinliiia 92,148 

Siiillrt KVJ 

Slaliiiih   148 

Sijia "<i 

Si^nra ;j4:f 

silrni*  (Locuata) 2.'12 

Si!|iliiila» 2H 

siiiiilkainei'na  (Plccia) ')8:t 

siinplrx  l^Ionoplilt'liiis) 242 

(Spiladninvia) .'■>7:{ 

CrcpliiapliiM) 2,".0 

Siplioii(ipl)ori)i(U>H 244,  2.'!  1,  2.')H 

antiiiiia 25." 

prupiiii|ua 2riri,  257 

ralliit*si|iu'i. 250, 2.'0 

Hiniplex 2r»s> 

Sisyra 147 

Sitinlrt'pa 4ti:t 

ditimcta 4n;i 

Sitoiuif*  >;ranitii'vti.s 481 

Hiiiitliii  (IMfHiciiiuhiiiM) 2;tti 

Hnli.Ia(.Ksrliiia)    ...  Mil 

Hnlidalii.s  (Nt'ruJi-yiln'irt) 447 

milidoMi'fiiH  (Diilinoii*) 020 

MMiiiiioIonta  (TiiiiC(llia) 157 

.sniiiimrmi  i  (Cori/i  h) 4;U 

HopniatiiM  (LiiniM>;>lii]nH) VXi 

snpui'iH  (AiitliononuiH) 472 

S»!*y  l>i  118 02 

Sparl<K"Ma 411 

Hpehii;r»'(T''nor) ,. 425 

Spprnioplia;;urt  vivillcatiis 2H 

Spka-ropHOL  iiH 117,276 


Sj.houida' 

Spiladoiiiyia 

Hillipll'X 

Hpitiona  (l*alit-ovi'Ila) 

Hpoliala  (Tipiila) 

Spoii'inplioia  

scpiidiili'tis  ( I  [y Ian! oh) 

HtaliiiiliiH  (Ly^iii'iiH) 

Htiili  (Trliiiatri'i'liUH) 

Staph \  linida-    

Staph  \  liniti'H , 

ohsntt'tlllll 

S)  I'ii  nddii 

Sti'iM'attiis 

Stciioi'iiK'liM 

aiioinala 

-•I' 

Stt'iutpairu'i'ft . . . 

suiitt^nca 

ttMitdirnrta 

SttMioprlta 

inniiliilata 

Sti^iinphlt^bia 

Stcnnpuda  

SiciH>|i(Klina 

Stciiovclia 

niKiii 

Sti'ropo 

parthtniopt* .- 

stiKinaticum  (Kii-anisilcH) 

sti;iiiMiHa  (PUTaii<mi>ia)   

rttiriu  (l)uuacia) 

.stiriacua  (O-     ponia)   

atraiiiiuliita.    ''vr.wsia) 

Sd-ationiyida'    

Htratus  (XvHiiiH) 

strict  a  (Pala'iM-lirvaal 

Stiidiiiaiitia 

aty;;ialis  (Trajiezdnotus) 

Mtyyiiia  (XL'(r(>fy<Iinis) 

stihlrnia  ( AjihidopHiH) 

siihtf'rrca  (Stniiopainera) 

Miin'ot'ata  (Ccrcoiiis) 

Syt-hiiuhnprhua 

M'\ivisi*eiift 

rtympliyla 

SyiiiphTt.^ , 

Syiiipvciia  parth-nopi* 

syid.ax 

Syihula 

,   SvroinaMtoa    

Syrpliida-   

'^P 

.   Syrplni.H 

«!' 

S\sti-lhiiiutnt; 


tahidosa  ( Pslh>ta) 

tahidiis  (PirriU>i'ap!4UH) 

tahiHta (Kpln'iin'i-a)   

tal)ilini's  (TironiiTiin) 

I'at'hina 

«P 

Tai-hiiiidin 

Tarliyclromidai  {'iee  expl.  PI.20, 

lai-ita  (Anatt'lla) 

Taiialirt   

Tajialndcs 


TanyiiHM'iia 

aivulorum  . 


rage. 
30, 620 

fi72 
673 
340 
.'i77 
204 
408 
370 
351 
27, 503 
510 
610 
227 

.-lOn 

504 

505 

3t>4,  :i85 

;iRfl 

:i80 
437 
4118 
12.'> 
354 
354 
348,  34» 
350 
12,-. 
127 
301 
568 
48U 
.'.05 
590 
20,  560 
380 
100 
230 
300 
440 
■Jhl 
380 
319 
.  244,208 
L'OS 
00 
575 
127 

m 

221 
411 

.  20, 557 
502 

.  55H,  .550 
550 
302 

561 
368 
120 
402 
561 
551 
534 
Fi(!.9). 
580 
3,56 
356 
357 
475 
475 


race. 

Taphaoris 220 

icliquata 220 

Tarsophlobin 12B 

Tn-ionils 601 

imildiii 004 

lecta  (Tiprlftj  .577 

Tejrenaria 6K 

Tololiilrtia 130 

TclwisrliiHtUH 4.53,  451 

anluiuim 4.4 

ptaeatiiB 4.54,457 

riKor.ituH 4.54,456 

Teleplioiula^ 28 

toUtiriB  (Acrioii) 140 

telliiHtor  (lulus) 44 

Telnuitr'-H-hus 351 

parulIoluH 361,3.53 

slfili 3.51 

t«nel)ri(-0Hui4  (CophocoriH)    ....         301 

Tenobilu 483 

iiKilitor 484 

prinilKeuiUH 483 

TennbrloMiilii!  28, 483 

tonebrowi  (Stt'iiopauuTn) 3H6 

Ti-nor 419,425 

Hpeluiiciu 425 

'I'entbrBilinidai 31,604 

teiiuif)  (IluroMUH)  51-t 

Tepbrapbis  244,2.i8 

HimpU'x 2.50 

wulsbii 259,200 

'rt'icl'iMiitia 604 

'IVruifs    103,104 

])ercaua' 104 

lirirttiuiis 105 

Tennitina 92,103 

Tmnopsia 101,107 

leiTif  (N.ysius) 379 

ti^iiuiitubi  (OliaritOB)    293 

torrcstris  (Cr.vpti)bypnus    407 

lelTe  mLasiUH) 618 

(Lyctoroiis) 361 

toiriiola  (I)ia)bK'i(lia)  .598 

tf'Tijii'ua  (CiTfyt.u) 510 

Tirritelariic 48 

trrro..4Us  ifiutlia,i;<tuus)   175 

ti'itiaria  (liuprt.stU) 493 

(IVtraiUalba)    77 

li'i'tiai'iuiu  (I.iibblnniniiiia) 209 

tci  t  iat  ills  ( I  xnili'H) 47 

(I'rououKibiua) 235 

ti'slvu!*  (Xeiitbaui'S) 535 

'IVtbufiiH  51,76,78 

^uyoti 'iH 

hiMitzii 78,80 

obduratus 78,79 

provet'tus 78  81 

Tttrngiiatba 51,52.70,77 

j  tbi'liaria    77 

Totragoiipura .589 

;  'IVtrix  jiracilis 220 

I  iVttisiila' 202 

j  Tettijiidea  Knicilis 220 

I  Tcttijjouia  302 

I  l.ella 303 

j  oliiecla .304 

priHconiarjiinata 302 

i  priscotincta 302,303 

I  prim'ovartegata 302,  303 

i  Tetyra 435 

'  ThalBBsa 30 


734 


INDEX. 


P'i      ' 


Page. 

Thamiiol«ttix 300 

fundi :iO»,310 

tfDDiietti 30!> 

niutiluta ;tO0 

Therapliii  hyoscUmi iXi 

TherapliuHoiila* 41»,  5_' 

TluTi'tt 6(1 

Thereviila- ji) 

Therididen AH,  4l»,  (in.  lu 

Thtridium  51, 63.  70,  7 1 . 7;t 

grnnulataiu 73 

hirtuin 73 

opcrtitiitMiiii 7:t 

<|iijtili'itfuttatuin <iH 

Ht)(  liiaiiui 73, 7* 

ThlilKimeiiiiH 437,  Uf 

liiiHMiis 440, 4r>0 

niact'i 44I».  451 

pnrvua 448,  449 

|icrennatU8 449,450 

pctrfus    448,449 

ThliiiiiiioHthiHtiiti 4.'i3, 46:i 

^lavidatus 4(i:t 

Thneliw  liistu* 453. 4:>7 

reruUns 4.S8 

Thniii  JHidoA   48,  49,  56 

ThoiuiHiM 51,">6,r»7 

drftHHUR 57,  r.U 

<'.ii^itinrtiis 57,  5H 

n'f*iitU!* 57 

Thyeliu 7o,71 

ThvHaiMira 9L'.  94 

TiiH-a  «K)-' 

Tiiieiilii' tiii2 

Tiiieiti'H    G(JL; 

TintEiinda* 3.57 

TiuKi" 357 

riirdiii 357 

TinodfA 190 

paludiscna    190 

Tipula  f 7« 

derrepita .176 

Hepulrliri 57>' 

fl|H)Ua1a  577 

t**tA r>" 

Tipiilidii- 2«,  5fiH 

Tipulidii' bn-vipalpi .'174 

Ti|>iilidif  luiij;ipnlpi 575 

TiroiiiiTti.i 3f)(,  4U1 

tabidiiuf* 401, 4'*:; 

torpffactua 40l,4n_' 

Tiroschistnn 4:>3, 4iL' 

iDdureKADH 4fl:! 

TitanircA 61,68 


I  Vase. 

i   TitaiKtM-a  lientiTiiA 68,69 

iitK^nua GH,  60 

<[iiadH^mtata 68 

ToinaAptM 326 

l<ii)M>fiu-liin  {TiniiiicruH) 40'J 

tnrpfiiM  (Vm'nM>diiUN) 445 

tnrpida  (Xaiif  ImriiO 225 

l(»rpuiiitu  (Ciilloinjia) 555 

Tortiiiidn' 29 

ImiMiiiilla  (Uuphidla) 154 

(riiiiHVi-i-Hii  (PiiIaphrodt'H) 336 

t^a^^4Vl'rMallt«  ((tlypla)    .  613 

Triipt^xiiiiutiiH 384,395 

rxtiTniiiiatUH 305 

Htygialis 395. 306 

Trapf  ziis 38.5 

Tril.tHliiyHa 147, 166,  lfi8 

tiniiatu Hi9,  172 

iiii'i)iiHliA 189,170 

vulimciila    l«9.i;o 

TricluM-era 574 

Trirlioiita MK) 

dawHimi .'"lUO 

TiichopU'ra 92,  170 

TritMpliora 3l5,  ;(20 

Triu«»::i.Iii 23» 

tri^iiiiata  (Clmliila) 389 

tiitaviitii  (NoNiidciidriMi)      499 

tnlii.H  (NyHiim)    370 

TroricH   117 

TiKiiil.idida^ 47 

Tiopidut'liiila 278 

'rroinstfrmis 514 

MiiotattM 515 

iiifxiiainm 514 

hrtxialin 515 

NdilptilU 514 

Tn.x 487 

miHtnli'ii 487 

t»rri':*trU 487 

Truxaliilif      . .  , 220 

TrjiMMl«MiilMiu  impruHHiim. 470 

Tubili'Iari;!' 48,60 

tunitia'  (OtioiliytuiiiiH) 477 

tuMiiilata  (luoct'Uia) 158 

tiimitlta  iI.ithophyNa)   506 

Tyihula 221 

iiiiiltiMpinosa 221 

ruHnrlU 221.222 

iihli-ri  (Nyctophylaxj 279 

tSbenapluM)   252 

.mibiatira  (OobMiiia) 503 

iiiitbrB'  Iit4  (Cercopit4.>0) 316 


tiiiibratum  (UtbaKrion) 130 

iinicr.lnr  (DytulbreiiH) 410 

(Llthwpbora) 331 

Uroewrbln* 31 

ITrofteoidns 82 

vandiliiN}!  (Curixa) 344 

VautMHldi 29 

vociila  (Nyaiun) ;i78 

vi'latiia  (Corymb/tea) 49t! 

V*d(ft 348 

oiirrens 34s 

VellidH* 34H 

venerabUo  (Diapb'^iiia) 291 

veDtriona  (II(Miiii'i>;:aiiiia) 218 

vurrillii  iKtiypanidirniims) 400 

vtjHpi'niH  ( PiwydiiiiH) 442 

VeHpidii- ,10 

veatita  (Paraiidrita) 501 

veterana  (Iiinri'lHa)  1.56 

vt^lemndiM  (PaTibx-apHiia) 366 

vctorasci'iif*  (I>iap1e;;niit)   29(i 

vi-rrriia  iMoiiaiitliia)    350 

vetttiiiuiiiin  (Po'ciloeapniiM)  ....  367 

vetua  (('amimnoti).<<)      OIO 

vtitum'tila  (Tiibotiiiyha) 170 

vetiiMtu  (UtbadutbripH)   372 

vi'tUHttiM  (('ryptiH'fpbaliiH) 48'> 

viyil  (Xyrtupbylax) 28u 

vliictiiH  (N'yHitiH)    378 

vinnilula  (Mtmru) 554 

VohiceHa 559 

viilcaiiahH  (Kpeira) 86 

vulcaiiiuM  (Nfcnicvdinift) 444 

walabil  (TephraphiH) 2O0 

wbcallryi  (Cyrbru;*) 536 

whitci  (LvMiiti'M>   324 

wilaoni  <Pbnid(ipainfia) 388 

wyuminK<'U>tiH(<'<i'liilia) 313 

Xemminrpba .5(i6 

Xipbldiuiii 231 

Xya 234 

Xylota  5,55 

XyaliciiH 56,  ,57 

Vpanlnpb  iiH 6(rj 

iiiaieuia 6u2 

Znlolwra an 

bruniiei  i 217 

moiiaatifu 217 

ZiUa 70 


« 


i 


